U3 Period 1 Understanding ideas-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第四册同步导学案配套PPT课件（外研版）

选择性必修第四册 Unit 3　The world meets China 【单元知识目标】 核心单词 statue; peak; strengthen; coverage; scholar; department; institute; temple; tune; historian; prior; genius; kingdom; enormous 重点短语 be testimony to; date from; seal up; fade from; bring...to life; prior to; be exposed to; keep a close eye on; on the whole; strike a chord 单元语法 复习状语从句 写作任务 推荐中国的旅游景点 【单元话题词汇】 Period 1　Understanding ideas—Reading comprehension 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 必备知识 自主学习 课时作业 巩固提升 必备知识 自主学习 WELCOME TO DUNHUANG! Welcome to Dunhuang! On the old Silk Road，this city was the gateway① to and from Ancient China，a place where East met West，and a green island in the middle of the desert.You can only imagine how travellers felt when they saw the oasis② of Dunhuang ahead of them. Part 1　教材原文助读 a place和a green island都是this city的同位语；where引导定语从句，修饰先行词a place，where在从句中作地点状语。 how引导宾语从句，该从句中又包含一个when引导的时间状语从句。 ①gateway/'ɡeItweI/n.[usually sing.]通向……的门户(常与介词to或into连用) ②oasis/əʊ'eIsIs/n.[C](沙漠中的)绿洲 欢迎来到敦煌！ 欢迎来到敦煌！这座城市坐落在古丝绸之路上，曾经是古代中国的门户，东西方交汇的地方，也是沙漠中的绿岛。你只能想象，当旅行者们看到敦煌绿洲就在眼前时，他们的感受将会是怎样的。 Dunhuang's long and glorious③ history represents④ its significance⑤ as a centre of cultural and commercial exchange⑥.Today，Dunhuang is a world­class tourist destination boasting⑦ sites with UNESCO⑧­protected heritage status.Now，we are going to enter some of the city's famous caves，of which there are more than 700.Known as the Mogao Grottoes，these ancient caves were carved out of⑨ the rock over a period of 1，000 years.If you look up，you can see the paintings and other artworks that are testimony to⑩how the Silk Road brought East and West together.Look at these statues⑪！ You can see elements⑫ from Ancient Greece，India and Iran.Now look around the walls of the cave.Come a little bit closer so that you can get a better view⑬. Look at them！The murals cover an astonishing⑭ area of⑮45，000 square metres. 画线部分是现在分词短语作后置定语。本句中world­class tourist destination与boast之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词形式。 “介词(of)＋关系代词(which)”引导非限制性定语从句，which指代caves. 画线部分是that引导的定语从句，that指代先行词paintings and other artworks，在从句中作主语。介词to后是how引导的宾语从句。 祈使句，其中包含一个so that引导的目的状语从句。 ③glorious/'ɡlɔːriəs/adj.辉煌的；光荣的；极为宜人的 ④represent vt.展现；代表 [词链]　represent(vt.)—representation(n.[C，U]表现，描述，描绘)—representative(n.[C]代表；典型人物adj.典型的，有代表性的) ⑤significance n．[U，C](尤指对将来有影响的)重要性，意义；意思 attach significance to...认为……意义重大；重视 significant adj.有重大意义的，显著的 ⑥exchange n．[C](不同国家人或团体之间的)交流，互访；[C，U]交换，交流 vt.交换，交流；交易，兑换 cultural and commercial exchange文化与商业交流 an exchange student一名交换生 in exchange (for...)作为(对……的)交换 exchange...for...以……换取/兑换…… exchange sth.with sb.与某人交流/交换某物 ⑦boast/bəʊst/vt.(地方、机构等)自豪地拥有(好的事物) ⑧UNESCO联合国教育、科学及文化组织，联合国教科文组织(United Nations Educational，Scientific and Cultural Organization) ⑨be carved out of...用……雕刻而成的 ⑩be testimony to...……的证据/证明 testimony/'testIməni/n.[U，sing.]证据，证明 ⑪statue/'stætʃuː/n.[C]雕像，塑像 ⑫element n．[C]要素，特点 ⑬get a better view看得更清楚 ⑭astonishing adj.令人十分惊讶的，使人大为惊奇的 ⑮cover an area of...占地…… 敦煌悠久而辉煌的历史展现了它作为文化和商业往来中心的重要性。敦煌现在是世界级旅游胜地，拥有受联合国教科文组织保护的文化遗产。敦煌有七百多个洞窟，现在我们将要去其中一些著名的洞窟。以“莫高窟”而闻名，这些古老的洞窟是在一千多年的时间里在岩石上雕刻而成的。如果你抬起头，你就可以看见壁画和其他艺术品，它们是丝绸之路如何将东西方连接在一起的见证。看看这些塑像！你可以从中看出来自古希腊、古印度和古伊朗的元素。现在我们来看看洞窟四周的墙壁，请靠近一点，这样你就可以看得更清楚。看看它们！这些壁画的面积有45 000平方米，非常惊人。 The subjects of the Dunhuang murals vary⑯ from religious stories to scenes of everyday life.But one type of mural that is unique to Dunhuang shows the Apsaras，or “Flying Immortals”．Representations of these heavenly musicians，singers and dancers decorate the walls of many caves.Take a look at this mural.The Apsaras⑰ are depicted⑱ sailing in the bright blue sky，with their scarves flying，as if they are about to fly down to meet us.  And here is another one. Move over here where you can see it in more detail.⑲ The Apsaras are holding lotuses，playing musical instruments，dancing and throwing flowers.The painting of Apsaras reached a peak⑳ during the Tang Dynasty; these images are full of life，reflecting the confidence and optimism of people from that time. 本句是主从复合句。with their scarves flying 是with复合结构；as if引导方式状语从句。 现在分词短语作状语。 ⑯vary vi.变化 ⑰Apsaras/'ʌpsərəs/n.[C]飞天 ⑱depict vt.描绘，描画 ⑲in more detail更为详细 ⑳peak/piːk/n.[usually sing.]顶点，高峰 敦煌壁画的主题多样，从宗教故事到日常生活的场景不等。但是，有一种壁画是敦煌独有的，画的是飞天，或者说“飞仙”。很多洞窟的墙壁上都饰有这些天上的乐师、歌者和舞者。我们看这幅壁画，上面画的是飞天在蔚蓝的天空中飞行，他们帔巾飘飘，好像要飞下来迎接我们。再看这幅，请走到这里，你可以看到更多细节。(你可以看到)飞天手捧莲花、演奏乐器、跳舞、散花。飞天壁画在唐朝达到了顶峰；这些图案栩栩如生，反映了当时人们的自信与乐观。 Now, something really extraordinary happened in 1900，when a Taoist priest made one of the most important finds㉑ of the 20th century.In a sealed㉒ cave，now known as the famous Library Cave，were hidden thousands of manuscripts㉓，paintings and scrolls㉔，as well as silk embroideries㉕. We'll have a chance to see some of them shortly 10 —the Library Cave is only a stone's throw㉖ from here.Dating from㉗ 405 AD to 1002 AD，these hidden treasures give us a picture of Dunhuang when it was at the very centre of the Silk Road trade.Thanks to this ancient library，we now know that goods arrived in Dunhuang from as far away as North­east Europe，and that goods were also exported㉘ from Dunhuang across Asia and Europe.The scrolls are so detailed that they describe the vast range of goods that were imported and exported from Dunhuang 11，such as ceramics㉙， medicine，perfumes㉚ and fruit，to name just a few㉛.The scrolls also reveal㉜ how many different communities lived side­by­side within this great city.However，the reason why the Library Cave was sealed up all those years ago remains a mystery. 表示地点的介词短语In a sealed cave位于句首，句子用全部倒装。 10不定式短语作后置定语，修饰a chance。 11本句含有“so...that”结构，该结构引导结果状语从句，从句中包含一个that引导的定语从句that were...Dunhuang，其中that指代先行词goods。 ㉑find 熟词生义 n.[C]发现物，被发现的人(尤指有趣、有价值或有用者) [拓展]　finding n．[usually pl.]调查发现，调研结果 ㉒sealed adj.密封的 seal vt.密封 ㉓manuscript n．[C]手稿，原稿 ㉔scroll/skrəʊl/n.[C]纸卷，卷轴 ㉕embroidery n．[U，C]绣花，刺绣图案，刺绣品；[U]刺绣技法，刺绣 ㉖a stone's throw很近的距离，不远处 throw 熟词生义 n.[C]投掷的距离 ㉗date from(＝date back to)追溯到，始于(常用一般现在时) ㉘export vt.& vi.输出，出口 [反义]　import vt.进口 ㉙ceramics /sə'ræmIks/n.[pl.]陶瓷制品 ㉚perfume n．香料 ㉛to name just a few仅举几例 ㉜reveal vt.显示，透露；揭露 1900年发生了一件非同寻常的事，一位道士的发现成了20世纪最重大的发现之一。在一个封闭的洞窟，也就是现在著名的藏经洞中，藏有成千上万的手稿、绘画、卷轴以及丝绸刺绣。藏经洞离这里很近，我们很快将有机会观看其中的一些展品。这些隐藏的宝藏可追溯到公元405年至公元1002年间，它们为我们展现了敦煌作为丝绸之路贸易中心时的画面。多亏这个古老的图书馆，我们如今才得以了解当时的情况：货物从遥远的欧洲东北部 抵达敦煌，也从敦煌出口到亚洲和欧洲。这些卷轴内容非常详细，描述了敦煌进出口的各种商品，例如陶瓷、药品、香料和水果。这些卷轴还展示了许多不同的群体是如何共同生活在这座名城中的。然而，藏经洞为什么在多年以前被密封起来，这至今仍是个谜。 In the Ming Dynasty，trade routes changed and Dunhuang was not as prosperous㉝ as it used to be 12 .Gradually，it faded㉞ from memory，even though it was once such a great city. 12 “as...as...”结构，第二个as引导比较状语从句。 ㉝prosperous adj.繁荣的，兴旺的 ㉞fade vi.逐渐消失；vi.& vt.(使)褪色 fade from...从……逐渐消失 在明代，贸易路线发生了变化，敦煌也不像以前那样繁华。尽管敦煌曾经是一个如此繁华的大城市，它还是渐渐淡出了人们的记忆。 This century is bringing the Silk Road to life㉟ once more through the Belt and Road Initiative㊱ .Dunhuang has once again become a global crossroads㊲ since it hosted hundreds of representatives from 51 countries for the Silk Road International Cultural Expo㊳ in 2017.Given that the theme of the Expo was to promote cultural exchange and strengthen㊴ mutual cooperation㊵ between the countries along the Silk Road，Dunhuang was the ideal place. 13 13 given that引导原因状语从句。 ㉟bring...to life使……恢复生机 ㊱the Belt and Road Initiative“一带一路”倡议 initiative n．[C]倡议 ㊲crossroads/'krɒsrəʊdz/n.[C]活动中心，汇集地 ㊳the Silk Road International Cultural Expo丝绸之路国际文化博览会 expo/'ekspəʊ/n.[C]展览会，博览会 ㊴strengthen/'streŋθ(ə)n/vt.& vi.加强；巩固 [词链]　strengthen(vt.& vi.)—strength(n.[U，sing.]力气，体力；[C]优势)—strong(adj.强的；强劲的；强烈的) ㊵mutual cooperation相互合作 mutual adj.相互的；共同的 21世纪，“一带一路”倡议使丝绸之路焕发了生机。2017年，51个国家的数百名代表齐聚此地，参加丝绸之路国际文化博览会，敦煌再次成为世界的活动中心。鉴于本次博览会的主题是促进文化交流，加强丝绸之路沿线国家的相互合作，因此敦煌正是理想的会址。 Now let's move on㊶ to the next cave... ㊶move on(to sth.)开始做(别的事)；换话题 现在我们去参观下一个洞窟…… 1．Read the text and match the main idea with each part. A．The next spot. B．Dunhuang's significance. C．The decline and rise of Dunhuang. D．Dunhuang's tourist attractions with a long history and splendid culture. Part 2　语篇研析 Part 1 (Para.1－2)____　 Part 2 (Para.3－4)____　 Part 3 (Para.5－6)____　 Part 4 (Para.7)____ B D C A 2．What's the main idea of the text? A．The Mogao Grottoes. B．Dunhuang's glorious history. C．An introduction to Dunhuang. D．The murals in the Mogao Grottoes. 答案：C 1．Why does Dunhuang enjoy a glorious history? A．Because it is a world­class tourist destination. B．Because it is a green island in the middle of the desert. C．Because it is a centre of cultural and political exchange. D．Because it has a favourable geographical position on the old Silk Road. 答案：D 2．What can we learn about the statues in the Mogao Grottoes? A．They are more than 700 years old. B．They cover an area of 45，000 square metres. C．They present the elements from all over the world. D．They show the cultural exchange between East and West. 答案：D 3．What does the text aim to tell us? A．Dunhuang has a glorious history. B．How the Library Cave was discovered. C．Dunhuang becomes the world­class tourist destination. D．The Belt and Road Initiative will revitalize Dunhuang once again. 答案：D 4．Where is the text probably from? A．A textbook. B．A news report. C．A travel brochure. D．A geographic magazine. 答案：C 1．If you look up，you can see the paintings and other artworks that are testimony to how the Silk Road brought East and West together. [句式分析]　本句为主从复合句。“If you look up”为if引导的_________从句；“that are testimony to...together”为that引导的_____从句，在该从句中“how the...together”为how引导的_____从句。 条件状语 定语 宾语 [翻译] __________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 如果你抬起头，你就可以看见壁画和其他艺术品，它们是丝绸之路如何将东西方连接在一起的见证。 2．The Apsaras are depicted sailing in the bright blue sky，with their scarves flying，as if they are about to fly down to meet us. [句式分析]　“with their scarves flying”为“ with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构作__________；“as if they are...us”为as if引导的_________从句。 [翻译] __________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 伴随状语 方式状语 上面画的是飞天在蔚蓝的天空中飞行，他们帔巾飘飘，好像要飞下来迎接我们。 On the old Silk Road，Dunhuang was the gateway 1.____ and from Ancient China and a place where East met West. to Dunhuang's long and glorious history 2._________ (represent) its significance as a centre of cultural and commercial exchange.Today，Dunhuang is a world­class tourist destination 3.________ (boast) sites with UNESCO­protected heritage status，of which a famous tourist 4._________ (attract) is the Mogao Grottoes.The paintings and other artworks in these caves display how the Silk Road brought East and West together.Among the Dunhuang murals，a unique type shows the Apsaras.The painting of Apsaras reached a peak during the Tang Dynasty and these 5._______ (image) are full of life，reflecting the confidence and optimism of people from that time. represents boasting attraction images In a 6.______ (seal) cave，now known as the famous Library Cave，were hidden thousands of manuscripts，paintings and scrolls，as well as silk embroideries.These hidden treasures give us a picture of Dunhuang 7.______ it was at the very centre of the Silk Road trade. sealed when In the Ming Dynasty，trade routes changed and Dunhuang was not as 8._________ (prosper) as it used to be.9.____________ (fortunate)，this century is bringing the Silk Road to life once more through the Belt and Road Initiative.Dunhuang has once again become 10.___ global crossroads. prosperous Fortunately a 课时作业 巩固提升 阅读理解 A In the spring of 1943，James and Lucy Lo started a photography expedition.Their sights were set on an ancient network of caves in northwest China.Soon after，they arrived at the oasis city of Dunhuang.They would spend the next 18 months at this historic crossroads.And what began as a passion project quickly turned into one of the most ambitious surveys of Dunhuang's Yulin and Mogao Caves. The Los ended up collecting a considerable number of manuscripts that today make up the largest collection of Dunhuang texts in the United States.The more than 3，000 photographs they amassed have proven extremely valuable to researchers，archaeologists，and art historians because they preserve viewpoints of sites or features that are now long gone，badly damaged，or inaccessible.In June 2021，Visualizing Dunhuang: Seeing，Studying，and Conserving the Caves，a new book featuring several hundred black­and­white photos from the Lo Archive (罗氏档案)，was published.It is a huge contribution that furthers our understanding of Dunhuang. Now the Mogao Caves have re­emerged as a popular travel destination.In modern times，however，the caves face unprecedented levels of stress，with over one million tourists each year.Situated within delicate microclimates，the murals are extremely sensitive to changes in moisture and carbon dioxide.Moisture，worsened by a constant flow of visitors during the hot summer months，can cause salts in the walls to liquefy (液化).Also，because the complex lies in an earthquake­prone zone (地震易发区)，conservators say that action must be taken now to protect against further erosion and collapse. Countless questions remain about the caves' past and future.Can we ever come to know a place as vast and mysterious as Dunhuang? Perhaps，but we certainly can't do it by ourselves，let alone in a single lifetime.The Los might not realize they were starting something that would continue long after they were gone.And yet they have brought us closer to reconstructing the past and have driven us to become better caretakers of it.These living histories may still be incomplete，but they are far more complete than anything we could attempt on our own. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了罗氏夫妇对敦煌石窟的研究做出的巨大贡献。 1．Why did the Los go to Dunhuang? A．To go on a business trip. B．To take photos of caves in Dunhuang. C．To lecture on archaeological expeditions. D．To participate in a photography exhibition. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“James and Lucy Lo started a photography expedition...they arrived at the oasis city of Dunhuang.”可知，罗氏夫妇来到敦煌是为了拍摄石窟的照片。 2 3 1 4 2．What does the underlined word “amassed” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Collected.　　　　　　 B．Found. C．Bought. D．Studied. 答案：A 2 3 1 4 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在段中的“The Los ended up collecting a considerable number of manuscripts”和“The more than 3，000 photographs they amassed have proven extremely valuable”可知，罗氏夫妇积累了大量的手稿，也就是拍了大量照片，这些照片被证明非常有价值。由此可推知，此处是说这三千多张照片是由罗氏夫妇收集的。 2 3 1 4 3．What can be learned about the Mogao Caves? A．They frequently fell victim to earthquakes. B．They were badly damaged by moisture. C．They provide an unfavorable environment for the murals. D．They become unwelcome due to harsh climate. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Situated within delicate microclimates，the murals are extremely sensitive to changes in moisture and carbon dioxide.”可知，莫高窟壁画所处的微气候是脆弱的，对湿气和二氧化碳的变化极度敏感。再结合第三段最后提到的“the complex lies in an earthquake­prone zone”可知，莫高窟地理条件也脆弱。由此可知，莫高窟为壁画提供了一个不利的环境。 2 3 1 4 4．What is the author's attitude to the Los? A．Doubtful. B．Sympathetic. C．Worried. D．Admiring. 答案：D 2 3 1 4 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“And yet they have brought us closer to reconstructing the past...but they are far more complete than anything we could attempt on our own.”可知，作者非常钦佩罗氏夫妇，对他们所做的贡献给予了高度赞扬。 2 3 1 4 B Examples of effective conservation of places matter to the world.They range from the 1960s Nubian campaign to safeguard Ancient Egyptian monuments from the waters of the Aswan Dam to the removal in 2018 of the Belize Barrier Reef from the List of World Heritage in Danger.Conservation is the core purpose of the World Heritage Convention and it may also be its biggest challenge. The following example shows how successes at specific sites now serve as models for conservation and sustainable (可持续的) development.A year after Vienna was included on the World Heritage List in 2001，the World Heritage Committee (WHC) expressed concerns about the architectural solutions and height of four planned towers of the Wien Mitte project.This development project，close to the Historic Centre of Vienna in the site's buffer zone，the one that lies between two or more other areas, affected the urban scale (规模) and visual effects in and around the property (地产).As a result of the Committee's concerns，Vienna changed its building modes and launched a new design competition for the Wien Mitte project to work out architectural plans with reduced size in keeping with World Heritage protection. The successful practice inspired the government of the city to invite over 600 experts and professionals from 55 countries to an international conference on World Heritage and contemporary architecture，held in Vienna in May 2005.The global discussion that followed，detailing an approach to managing conservation and development，was recorded in the UNESCO Recommendation in 2011. The Recommendation put forward an all­round and combined approach to balancing urban heritage conservation and economic development，arguing that active protection and management of urban heritage supports the goal of sustainable development.The Recommendation supports the harmonious combination of contemporary involvement into the historic urban framework while holding on to values linked to history，memory and the environment. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章通过讲述一些具体的例子来倡导对世界遗产进行有效保护和可持续发展。 5．Why does the author mention the Belize Barrier Reef in paragraph 1? A．To explain the goal of the organization. B．To encourage the public to protect the world. C．To show the positive effect of conservation. D．To remind people of the environmental problems. 答案：C 5 6 7 8 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Examples of effective conservation of places matter to the world.”以及其和第二句之间的关系可推知，第二句所列举的例子是为了证明遗产保护的积极作用。 5 6 7 8 6．Why was WHC worried about the Wien Mitte project? A．Because it took up too much public land of the city. B．Because it had a bad effect on the Historic Centre of Vienna. C．Because its original designs were not environmentally friendly. D．Because its architectural solutions couldn't meet safety standards. 答案：B 5 6 7 8 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This development project，close to the Historic Centre of Vienna...reduced size in keeping with World Heritage protection.”可知，世界遗产委员会之所以担忧维也纳中央车站项目是因为该项目对维也纳历史中心有不好的影响。 5 6 7 8 7．What did the global discussion focus on? A．The ways to combine conservation and development. B．The creation of the new UNESCO Recommendation. C．The international urban management and development. D．The styles of the contemporary architecture of Vienna. 答案：A 5 6 7 8 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The global discussion that followed，detailing an approach to managing conservation and development”可知，这次全球讨论的焦点是详述世界遗产保护和发展的方法。 5 6 7 8 8．What is the author's purpose in writing the text? A．To examine the challenges faced by global urban planners. B．To introduce alternative ways of protecting the environment. C．To stress the importance of the value of history and memory. D．To promote active conservation and sustainable development. 答案：D 5 6 7 8 解析：写作意图题。根据第二段中的“The following example shows how successes at specific sites now serve as models for conservation and sustainable development.”并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，本文旨在提倡对世界遗产的有效保护和可持续发展。 5 6 7 8 $$