U2 Period 1 Understanding ideas-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第四册同步导学案配套PPT课件（外研版）

选择性必修第四册 Unit 2　Lessons in life 【单元知识目标】 核心单词 pessimistic; anticipate; possession; abnormal; widespread; recognition; phrase; cooperate; fee; pure; luxury 重点短语 be reunited with; a pleasant surprise; point of view; get distracted by; get through; lose touch with; live life to the full; rush into; go up to; burst out laughing; be crammed with 单元语法 复习被动语态 写作任务 文学作品的概要 【单元话题词汇】 Period 1　Understanding ideas—Reading comprehension 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 必备知识 自主学习 课时作业 巩固提升 必备知识 自主学习 Tuesdays with Morrie Despite① being a sports journalist② with a successful career ahead of him，Mitch Albom feels that there is something missing from his life.This all changes when he is reunited with③ his favourite college professor，Morrie Schwartz.On discovering that Morrie is being weakened④ by a severe⑤ illness，Mitch starts visiting him at his house on Tuesdays.The weekly conversations between Mitch and Morrie result in a series of lessons on the meaning of life and how best to live it. Part 1　教材原文助读 Arthur K ☆☆☆☆☆ This book is about dying，but it is not pessimistic⑥.Indeed，it was a pleasant surprise to find that this book is filled with joy and hope.Morrie's bravery⑦ towards the end of his life is inspirational⑧ and has made me value⑨ my own life more.In fact，far from⑩ being a book about death，it's a book about life.As Morrie says，“Once you learn how to die, you learn how to live.” As Morrie anticipates⑪ his own death，he observes everything as though through new eyes—the things around him seem more beautiful than ever before and hold new meanings. From his window，he watches each season change，knowing it could be his last.This encourages us to appreciate what we have，and to make the most of⑫ each day. as引导非限制性定语从句，as...says意为“正如……所说的那样”。 此处可看作状语从句as though he is observing things through new eyes的省略。 ①despite prep.即使，尽管(＝in spite of) Despite/In spite of his age，he still leads an active life.尽管年事已高，但他依旧过着一种忙碌的生活。 ②journalist n．[C]新闻工作者 [词链]　journal(n.[C]报纸，刊物)—journalist(n.)—journalism(n.[U]新闻业，新闻工作) ③be reunited with与……重聚；(使)重聚 reunite vt.& vi.(使)重逢，再次相聚；(使)再结合 ④weaken/'wiːkən/vt.& vi.(使)虚弱，衰弱，减弱 [反义]　strengthen vi.& vt.增强，加强 ⑤severe adj.十分严重的，极其恶劣的 ⑥pessimistic/ˌpesI'mIstIk/adj.悲观的，悲观主义的 [反义]　optimistic adj.乐观的 ⑦bravery n．[U]勇敢 brave adj.勇敢的 ⑧inspirational adj.启发灵感的，鼓舞人心的 [词链]　inspire(vt.鼓舞，激励)—inspiration(n.[U]灵感；[C，usually sing.]启发灵感的人/事物)—inspirational (adj.) ⑨value vt.重视，珍视。下文“establish our own values”中的values作名词，意为“价值观，是非标准” 。 ⑩far from (doing) sth.几乎相反，远非 ⑪anticipate/æn'tIsIpeIt/vt.预期，预料 anticipation n．[U]预料，预期 ⑫make the most of充分利用 [同义表达]　make full use of，take full advantage of 《相约星期二》 尽管米奇·阿尔博姆是一位前途光明的体育新闻记者，可他总觉得生活里少了些什么。直到和他最喜爱的大学教授莫里·施瓦茨重逢，他的心态才彻底改变。米奇得知莫里得了重病，日渐虚弱，他便开始每周二都去莫里家看望他。米奇和莫里每周的谈话最终成为一堂堂课，探讨人生的意义和如何最好地生活。 阿瑟·K ☆☆☆☆☆ 虽然这本书谈论的是死亡，但它并不悲观。实际上，你会惊喜地发现书里充满了欢乐和希望。莫里面对死亡所展示出的勇气给人很大的启发，也让我更加珍惜自己的生命。实际上，这根本不是一本关于死亡的书，而是一本关于生活的书。正如莫里所说：“你一旦懂得了怎样死亡，也就学会了怎样生活。”到了弥留之际，莫里开始用新的眼光看待每件事物——他身边的一切都显得比以往更加美好，也有了新的意义。他透过窗户看季节更替，知道这可能是他最后一次观看。这鼓励我们珍视自己所拥有的一切，充分利用每一天。 Amy Wang ☆☆☆☆☆ I think this book should be on all school reading lists.After finishing it，I feel I have been given a deeper insight⑬ into the world and can see things from a different point of view⑭.On the 11th Tuesday，Morrie explains that “...the big things—how we think，what we value—those you must choose yourself.You can't let anyone—or any society—determine those for you”．While we are living，we tend to get distracted⑮ by unimportant things，such as gathering material possessions⑯.I think it's important for young people to know that making a lot of money won't always make them happy，or that looking different doesn't make a person abnormal⑰！ It's up to us to⑱ find out what is important in our lives and establish our own values⑲. 本句中“it's important...abnormal”是省略了that的宾语从句，该宾语从句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是“to know...abnormal”；“that making...happy”和“that looking...abnormal”并列作know的宾语，且这两个that引导的宾语从句中均使用了动词­ing短语作主语。 [注意]当句中包含多个并列的宾语从句时，从第二个宾语从句开始，引导词that不可省略。 本句中it是形式主语，后面的“to find out...values”为真正的主语。 ⑬insight n．[C，U]洞悉，了解(常与介词into连用) ⑭point of view n．[C]考虑角度；观点，看法 from...point of view从……角度来看(＝in a．..light) ⑮distract vt.转移(注意力)，使分心 distract sb./sth.(from...)使……(对……)分心 distract one's attention分散某人的注意力 distraction n．[C，U]使人分心的事物；[C]娱乐，消遣 be/get distracted by分心，分神 ⑯possession/pə'zeʃ(ə)n/n.[C，usually pl.]个人财产，私人物品；财产，财物；[U]具有，拥有 take possession of...占有……，拥有…… (be) in possession of...拥有…… (be) in the possession of...归……所有 ⑰abnormal/æb'nɔːm(ə)l/adj.不正常的，反常的 [反义]　normal adj.典型的，正常的 ⑱It's up to sb.to do sth.由某人决定做某事。 up to是……的职责，由……决定；至多有；能胜任；正在干 ⑲establish one's own values树立某人自己的价值观 establish vt.建立，创立；确立 埃米·王 ☆☆☆☆☆ 我认为这本书应该列入所有学校的阅读书目。读完后，我觉得自己对世界有了更深刻的认识，可以从不同的角度看待事物了。在第11个星期二，莫里说道：“……在重要的问题上——我们如何思考、我们珍视什么——你必须自己作选择。你不能让任何人或社会替你作决定。”在我们活着的时候，我们往往会被不重要的事物分散注意力，例如积累物质财富。我认为对于年轻人来说，重要的是明白赚很多钱并不总能带来快乐，看上去与众不同也并不代表不正常！我们应该靠自己去弄清楚生命中什么才是最重要的，并树立我们自己的价值观。 Morrie says that most people “seem half­asleep⑳”，even when they're doing things they think are important.Reading this book made me feel as if I'd been woken up from a long sleep and finally opened my eyes to㉑ the world！ 本句为主从复合句。 “Reading this book”为动词­ing短语作主语；as if引导的从句作表语，从句使用了虚拟语气(谓语用“had＋过去分词”形式)，表示与过去事实相反的情况，是夸大性的比喻。 ⑳half­asleep adj.半睡半醒的 ㉑open one's eyes to sth.使某人长见识(或开眼界、认清事实) 莫里说大多数人即使在做自认为重要的事情时，也是“看上去半睡半醒”的。阅读这本书使我感觉自己仿佛从长眠中被唤醒了，终于睁开眼看世界！ Marty ☆☆☆☆☆ Despite its widespread㉒ recognition㉓，my first impression was that Tuesdays with Morrie is just made up of a collection of over­emotional thoughts and messages，many of which are repeated.But thinking back，it did teach me a lesson or two.The book made me stop and think about how much I am influenced by popular culture and the importance of creating my own values based on love and open communication.Although it isn't my favourite book，I'd still recommend that people read it —after all，it is something that's a bit different! 本句为“代词＋介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词thoughts and messages。 recommend后的名词性从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“(should＋)动词原形”。 ㉒widespread/'waIdspred/adj.广泛的，普遍的，分布广的 ㉓recognition/ˌrekəɡ'nIʃ(ə)n/n.[sing.， U]承认，认可 马蒂 ☆☆☆☆☆ 尽管《相约星期二》这本书得到了广泛的认可，但是我的第一印象是，它只是一本由一堆过于情绪化的思想和信息组成的书，其中有很多内容是重复的。不过回想起来，这本书确实给了我一两条经验。它让我停下来思考流行文化对我有多少影响，以及在爱与坦诚沟通的基础上树立自己的价值观的重要性。虽然这不是我最爱的一本书，但我还是要推荐大家读一读，毕竟它是有些与众不同的！ Vivian ☆☆☆☆☆ Warning！A box of tissues will be needed to get through㉔ this book！Morrie's reflections on love and friendship made me think about my life and all the good friends that I've lost touch with㉕ along the way.It made me realise just how much I miss them. 此处指书的内容非常令人感动。 ㉔get through完成 ㉕lose touch with和……失去联系 薇薇安 ☆☆☆☆☆ 注意了！要读完这本书，你将需要一盒纸巾！莫里对于爱和友谊的思考使我想起了自己的人生，想起这一路走来失去联系的那些好友，使我意识到自己有多想念他们。 I guess that's one of the lessons of the book—always keep in touch with the good people you meet as you go through life.Like Mitch，Morrie makes you aware that you want to die feeling that you have lived life to the full㉖，knowing that you are loved and have loved others as much as you could.As Morrie's favourite poet Auden said，“Love each other or perish.” 画线部分中“that you want to...you could”为that引导的宾语从句，其中“feeling that...full”和“knowing that...you could”均为动词­ing短语作伴随状语。 ㉖live life to the full充分体验生活 在人生旅途中，要和你遇到的优秀的人时常保持联系，我猜这或许就是这本书想传达给我们的经验之一吧。莫里提醒米奇，也提醒了人们：在你将死之时，要感觉你已经活得很充实，要知道自己是被爱的，也一直尽力爱着别人。正如莫里最爱的诗人奥登所说的，“不相爱即如死灭”。 1．Read the text and match the main idea with each part. A．This book should be on all school reading lists. B．Tuesdays with Morrie tells a series of lessons on the meaning of life. C．Always keep in touch with the good people you meet as you go through life. D．Far from being a book about death，Tuesdays with Morrie is a book about life. Part 2　语篇研析 E．The book made one think about how much he is influenced by popular culture and the importance of creating his own values based on love and open communication. Part 1____　Part 2____　Part 3____　Part 4____　Part 5____ B D A E C 2．What's the main idea of the text? A．How to live a full life. B．Lessons on the meaning of life. C．The introduction to Tuesdays with Morrie. D．Comments on Tuesdays with Morrie by different readers. 答案：D 1．Which of the following will Arthur K agree with about the book? A．It is about death，so it is too pessimistic. B．It will make people lose the hope of life. C．It encourages people to fight with diseases. D．It encourages people to make full use of each day. 答案：D 2．Why does Amy Wang think that the book should be on all school reading lists? A．Because the book will be beneficial to young people. B．Because the book can tell students how to focus on their study. C．Because the book can teach young people how to make money. D．Because the book full of pictures is very interesting. 答案：A 3．From the last paragraph，what can we learn? A．The book also deals with love and friendship. B．Always keeping in touch with friends can be difficult. C．It's impossible to love and be loved at the same time. D．Vivian has made many friends but none of them is reliable. 答案：A 4．Where is the text probably taken from? A．A textbook. B．A news report. C．A web page. D．A magazine. 答案：C 1．I think it's important for young people to know that making a lot of money won't always make them happy，or that looking different doesn't make a person abnormal! [句式分析]　本句为主从复合句。“it's important...abnormal”为省略了that的_____从句，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为“to know that...abnormal”；“that making a lot of money...happy”和“that looking different...abnormal”都是that引导的_____从句，在这两个从句中，making a lot of money和looking different均为动词­ing 短语作_____。 宾语 宾语 主语 [翻译] __________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 我认为对于年轻人来说，重要的是明白赚很多钱并不总能带来快乐，看上去与众不同也并不代表不正常！ 2．Despite its widespread recognition，my first impression was that Tuesdays with Morrie is just made up of a collection of over­emotional thoughts and messages，many of which are repeated. [句式分析]　句中“Despite its widespread recognition”为_________；“that Tuesdays with Morrie...are repeated”为that引导的_____从句，在该从句中，many of which are repeated为_____________从句，修饰thoughts and messages。 让步状语 表语 非限制性定语 [翻译] __________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 尽管《相约星期二》这本书得到了广泛的认可，但是我的第一印象是，它只是一本由一堆过于情绪化的思想和信息组成的书，其中有很多内容是重复的。 Tuesdays with Morrie deals with the meaning of life and how 1.______ (live) it.Some readers have given their reviews of this book. In the view of Arthur K，the book is more about life than death.Being 2.________ (weak) by a severe illness，Morrie anticipates his own death and begins to observe everything as though through new eyes.Morrie's 3.________ (brave) towards the end of his life is inspirational，which 4.__________ (encourage) us to appreciate what we have，and to make the most of each day. to live weakened bravery encourages For Amy Wang，this book gives her a 5.________ (deep) insight into the world than ever and enables her to see things from a different point of view.What Morrie says and does makes her realize that 6._______ (make) a lot of money won't always make us happy and that it's up to us to find out 7.______ is important in our lives and establish our own 8.______ (value). deeper making what values As far as Marty is concerned，the book is just made up of a collection of over­emotional thoughts and messages，many of which are repeated.9._________，he recommends that people read it.After all，it is something that's a bit different. In the eyes of Vivian，the book is about Morrie's reflections on love and friendship，teaching us to always keep in touch 10._______ the good people we meet as we go through life. However with 课时作业 巩固提升 阅读理解 A Sometimes life can seem challenging and we usually get the feeling of “the grass on the other side is always greener”！ We usually feel upset with the troubles that life throws at us. The best thing to do at that point of time is close our eyes and start counting all the blessings in life. If we think deeply，our life is full of blessings that we hardly recognize.Listening to the singing of birds early in the morning，we realize that there are many people who spend their life in a world that is silent while many others spend their lives in a world that is dark and may have never seen a rainbow or the setting sun. When you go out for a drive，pull down the window and look at the poor beggar standing under the hot sun，begging for filling his hungry stomach.We get three meals a day without realizing its importance.Isn't that a blessing? Whenever you are sad，look at the eyes of your parents and family filled with love and concern for you.There are many people who have never experienced the love of a family.Isn't that a blessing? As a great woman once said，“We don't need to do great things.We need to do small things with great love.” The key to a happy life is when we consider others' problems to be our own and try to help them.When we love people without any expectations and help them，our heart is filled with a sense of happiness and peace seeing the smile on their faces. So the next time whenever life knocks you down，close your eyes and...start counting! [语篇解读]　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。生活中充满挑战，为此我们会感到沮丧，其实我们只需要数一数我们被给予的幸运就会懂得知足。 1．What does the author intend to tell us? A．True happiness lies in achieving wealth. B．Blessings should be treasured in our life. C．The singing of birds can make us happy. D．Love from our family gives us courage to face life. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 解析：推理判断题。根据第一、二段内容可知，当我们在生活中遇到挑战并感到沮丧时，最好的办法就是闭上眼睛，开始数一数我们生命中的所有幸运。作者告诉我们幸运应该在我们的生命中得到珍惜。 2 3 1 4 2．What does the underlined part “the grass on the other side is always greener” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．However happy we are，we never seem to be satisfied. B．Though we are rich，we are poor in mind. C．We can have a better life if we work harder. D．There exists greener grass on the other side. 答案：A 2 3 1 4 解析：句意理解题。根据第一段内容可知，有时生活似乎很有挑战性，我们通常会有“这山望着那山高”的感觉。我们通常对生活中遇到的麻烦感到心烦意乱。因此，画线句子的意思是“无论我们多么快乐，我们似乎从不满足”。 2 3 1 4 3．What can be learned from the text? A．We have already known that life is filled with blessings. B．It is a blessing to have three meals a day. C．It's natural to see a rainbow or the setting sun in life. D．A great woman calls on us to do great things in life. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“We get three meals a day without realizing its importance.Isn't that a blessing？”可知，一日三餐对我们来说就是一种幸运。 2 3 1 4 4．What would be the best title for the text? A．Troubles in Life B．Secrets of Life C．A Sense of Happiness D．Count Your Blessings 答案：D 2 3 1 4 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是第二段和最后一段内容可知，文章介绍了生活中充满挑战，为此我们会感到沮丧，其实我们只需要数一数我们被给予的幸运就会懂得知足。因此，D项最适合作文章标题。 2 3 1 4 B In 1970，psychologist Walter Mischel famously placed a cookie in front of each of a group of children and gave them a choice: they could eat the cookie immediately，or they could wait until he returned and then be rewarded with a second.If they didn't wait，however，they'd be allowed to eat only the first one.Not surprisingly，once he left the room，many children ate their first cookie almost immediately.A few，though，resisted eating the first cookie long enough to receive the second.Mischel termed these children high­delay children. Interestingly，the children who were best able to delay gratification (满足) later did better in school and had fewer behavioural problems than the children who could only resist eating the cookie for a few minutes—and，further，ended up on average with SAT scores that were 210 points higher.As adults，the high­delay children completed college at higher rates than the other children and then went on to earn higher incomes.In contrast，the children who had the most trouble delaying gratification had higher rates of incarceration (监禁) as adults and were more likely to struggle with drug and alcohol addiction. All suggests that the ability to delay gratification—that is，desire control—may be one of the most important skills to learn to have a satisfying and successful life.The question is，how do we learn it? The answer may lie in the strategies Mischel's high­delay children used.Rather than resist the urge to eat the cookie，these children distracted themselves from the urge itself.They played with toys in the room，sang songs to themselves，and looked everywhere but at the cookie.In short，they did everything they could to put the cookie out of their minds. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。心理学家Walter Mischel通过一项实验提出了著名的延迟满足理论。这一理论对我们的个人成长有很大的借鉴意义。 5．What should the children do to get a second cookie? A．They should leave later. B．They should wait longer. C．They should arrive earlier. D．They should study harder. 答案：B 5 6 7 8 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“or they could wait...with a second”可知，若想得到第二块饼干，这些孩子需要做的是等待外出的Walter回来。 5 6 7 8 6．What's the second paragraph mainly about? A．How to be high­delay children. B．How high­delay children succeed. C．The problems with low­delay children. D．The advantages of high­delay children. 答案：D 5 6 7 8 解析：段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，那些擅长延迟满足的孩子长大后学习成绩更好，有较少的行为问题，同时也挣得更多；同时也附带说明那些不擅长延迟满足的孩子长大后出问题的概率更高。 5 6 7 8 7．Why did Walter Mischel give each of the children a cookie? A．To educate them. B．To do a research. C．To entertain them. D．To conduct a questionnaire survey. 答案：B 5 6 7 8 解析：推理判断题。根据第一、二段内容可知，Walter在实验中先给每个孩子一块饼干，后来对这些孩子又进行了跟踪研究，观察他们长大后的表现。 5 6 7 8 8．What should we do to delay gratification according to the author? A．Set another new goal. B．Try to control the desire. C．Give up what you want completely. D．Forget what attracts you temporarily. 答案：D 5 6 7 8 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者指出，掌握延迟满足能力的关键在于向Walter实验中的那些孩子们学习——不是刻意抵制欲望，而是转移注意力。 5 6 7 8 $$