U4 Period 3 Using language：主谓一致(2)-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第三册同步导学案配套PPT课件（外研版）

选择性必修第三册 Unit 4　A glimpse of the future Period 3　Using language： 主谓一致(2) 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 核心语法 专项突破 课时作业 巩固提升 课堂检测 素养达标 关键能力 互动探究 核心语法 专项突破 一、语法一致原则 语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上必须一致，即谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。这一原则主要适用于以下几种情况： 1．不可数名词或可数名词单数形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；可数名词的复数形式作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 *Every part is carefully checked before they are put together. 每一个部件在组装之前都会被仔细检查。 *These toys are designed for children under three years old. 这些玩具是为三岁以下的儿童设计的。 2．复合不定代词 anyone、anything、someone、somebody、something、everyone、everybody、everything、nobody、nothing等在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 * Everyone is ready for the sports meeting, excited to show their talents. 每个人都为运动会做好了准备，兴奋地想要展示自己的才能。 * Everything is in a complete mess, which makes it difficult to find anything for us. 一切都乱七八糟，这使得我们很难找到任何东西。 3．当each、either、neither作主语或主语由 each、either、every、neither、no修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。 *Each of the houses is painted a different colour. 每所房子都涂成了不同的颜色。 *Neither of the books is of any use to me. 这两本书对我都没有用。 4．单个的动词不定式、v.-ing(短语)或主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 *Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day. 听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到放松。 *When they could finish the task is not known yet. 他们何时能完成这项任务还是未知的。 5．由 as well as、 along with、 together with、 with、 rather than、 no less than、 but、 except、 besides、 in addition to、 like、 including等连接两个部分作主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致。 *The teacher as well as the students likes this oil painting. 老师和学生们都喜欢这幅油画。 *Tom, along with his friends，goes skating every Saturday. 每个星期六，Tom都会和他的朋友们一起去滑冰。 6．“many a(n)(许多)/more than one(不止一个)＋可数名词单数”作主语时，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数形式。 *Many a boy prefers playing basketball to other sports. 许多男孩更喜欢打篮球而不是其他运动。 *More than one person is against the proposal. 不止一个人反对这个提议。 7．“one of＋可数名词复数”后跟定语从句时，从句中的谓语动词常用复数形式；而“the (only) one of＋可数名词复数”后跟定语从句时，从句中的谓语动词用单数形式。 *He is one of the students who have been to Shanghai. 他是那些去过上海的学生中的一个。 *He is the only one of the students who has been to Shanghai. 他是那些学生中唯一一个去过上海的。 二、意义一致原则 意义一致原则是指从意义方面来解决主谓一致的问题。主语所表达的单复数概念并不总是根据主语的形式，有时要根据它所表达的意义来确定。这一原则主要适用于以下几种情况： 1．and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。但如果and 所连接的两个单数名词指的是同一个人、同一件事或表示整体概念时，则谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词前不加冠词。 *War and peace is a constant theme in history. 战争与和平是历史的永恒主题。 *The manager and the secretary are to attend the conference tomorrow. 经理和秘书将参加明天的会议。 *A poet and artist is coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午一个诗人兼艺术家将来给我们做关于中国文学和绘画的演讲。 2．all、 none、 some、 any 等不定代词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式根据其指代的内容确定。 *All who have studied this question have come to the same conclusion. 所有研究过这个问题的人得出了一样的结论。 *None of the books is/are easy enough for the junior students. 这些书太难了，不适合低年级学生。 *None is more qualified for the task than him. 没有人比他更适合执行这项任务了。 *Such poets as Shakespeare are widely read, of whose works, however, some are difficult to understand. 像莎士比亚这类诗人读者众多，不过他们的一些作品难以理解。 3．“all/most/half/the rest...＋of＋名词/代词”或“分数/百分数＋名词/代词”作主语时，若名词或代词表示单数概念或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式；若表示复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式。 *About two thirds of the Earth's surface is covered by the sea. 地球表面大约三分之二被海洋覆盖。 *Some of the books about investment fund have been published recently. 最近出版了一些关于投资基金方面的书。 4．表示时间、距离、金额、重量等的复数名词作主语时常被当作一个整体来看待，谓语动词常用单数形式，但为了强调数量之多，也可用复数形式。 *Fifty dollars was a large sum for me at that time. 那时 50 美元对我来说是一大笔钱。 5．“the＋形容词/分词”表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式。 *The old are taken good care of in this old people's home. 在这家养老院，老年人被照顾得很好。 6．“a number of...(许多……)”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of...(……的数量)”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 *A number of famous people were invited to the party last night. 昨晚许多名人受邀参加这个聚会。 * The number of students in our class is 32, all of whom are passionate about learning. 我们班有32名学生，他们都非常热爱学习。 三、就近原则 就近原则是指谓语动词的人称和单复数形式往往与离其最近的主语保持一致。这一原则主要适用于以下几种情况： 1．either...or...、...or...、neither...nor...、not only...but also...、not...but...等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的人称和单复数形式由最靠近谓语动词的名词或代词决定。 *Either Mary or you are to blame for the fault. 要么Mary要么你，要为这个过失负责。 *Not only the students but also the teacher wants to go climbing. 不仅学生们想去爬山，老师也想去。 2．there be句型中的be动词应与离其最近的名词或代词在人称和单复数形式上保持一致。 *There is a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk. 桌上有一支钢笔、两本书和许多铅笔。 *There are two books, a pen and many pencils on the desk. 桌上有两本书、一支钢笔和许多铅笔。 关键能力 互动探究 词汇精研 1.bound adj.可能的；受束缚的，受约束的；(法律或道德上)有义务的vi.跳跃；跳跃着前进 [教材原文] Some of these ideas may sound far ahead of their time, but I'm sure they're bound to happen sooner or later! 其中一些想法可能听起来远超前于他们的时代，但我相信它们迟早会发生的！ be bound to do　很可能做，肯定会做 be bound for＋地点　开往某地，准备前往某地 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Now that you have done so much work, you're bound ____________ (win) the speech contest.Your dedication and preparation are sure to pay off with a victory. ②The train is bound ____________ Shanghai, stopping at several stations along the way, ensuring a smooth journey for all passengers. to win for ③波莉蹦蹦跳跳地冲进房间，手里拿着一封信。 Polly came ________________________________________．(续写佳句之动作描写) bounding into the room holding a letter 2.demand n．需要，需求v.要求；请求；需求 [教材原文] ...we can also get our hopes up about shorter waiting times, with companies intending to provide on-demand services. ……我们还可以期待更短的等待时间，因为公司打算提供按需服务。 (1)be in (great) demand (迫切)需求 meet/satisfy one's demands满足某人的需求 meet the demand for满足对……的需求 (2)demand to do sth.要求做某事 demand that...(should) do sth.要求……做某事 demand doing/to be done sth.某事需要被做 (3)demanding adj.要求高的；费力的 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Father demanded the twins ____________ (clean) up the kitchen when he helped make breakfast. (译林选必3U2)The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are ____________ (demand)，but they can also be extremely rewarding. ③My car demands ___________________ (repair) due to a recent mechanical problem, so I have to go to work by bus until it's fixed. (should) clean demanding repairing/to be repaired ④由于我们篮球俱乐部需要新会员，我写信邀请你加入。 As_____________________________________________, I'm writing to invite you to join it.(应用文佳句之邀请信) new members are in demand in our basketball club [温馨提示]　(1)demand只能用于“demand to do sth.”， 不能用于“demand sb.to do sth.”。有类似用法的动词还有hope、refuse、agree等；(2)demand作名词时后接同位语从句，作动词时后接宾语从句，这两种从句的谓语动词需要用虚拟语气形式，即(should) do。 课堂检测 素养达标 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(2023·全国乙卷)She lived with a family she had never met and everything ____________ (be) new to her. 2．(2022·全国乙卷)They often run at high speeds, which may put our lives in danger.And there ____________ (be) traffic jams, too. 3．(2022·全国甲卷)He showed me how his medical instruments ____________ (use). was are were used 4．As working from home ____________ (become) increasingly common, people are finding it easier to combine parenthood with a full-time career. 5．Amy, as well as her brothers, ____________ (give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. 6．Barbara is easy to recognize as she's the only one of the women who ____________ (wear) evening dress. becomes was given wears 7．It is reported that many a new house ____________ (build) at present in the disaster area, ensuring that the victims can return to the normal life as soon as possible. 8．The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ____________ (remain) around that level ever since. 9．A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this city ____________ (be) in favour of the proposal for health care reform. is being built has remained were 10．All we need ____________ (be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year. is Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．大多数学生都积极参与体育活动，这有助于他们保持健康和强健体魄。 _____________________________________________________, which helps them stay healthy and fit. Most of the students take/are taking an active part in sports 2．不仅是同学们，我们的英语老师也对这个考试结果很满意。 Not only students but also our English teacher ___________________________________. 3．众所周知，水和空气对生命不可或缺，没有它们，地球上的生命将不复存在。 As we all know，____________________________________， without which life on Earth would be impossible. is satisfied with the result of the exam water and air are essential to life 4．在我们班里，大约80%的学生都计划在毕业后继续深造。 In our class, about 80% of the students _________________________ _______________ after graduation. are aiming to pursue higher education 5．阅读一些唐诗相关的资料在我们的文学学习中起着极其重要的作用。 Reading some materials about Poetry of the Tang Dynasty _______________________________________________________. plays an extremely significant role in our literature study 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The factory used 65% of the raw materials, the rest of which ____________ (be) saved for other purposes. 2．One-third of the country ____________ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens ____________ old people.(be) 3．Either you or one of your students ____________ (be) to attend the meeting that will be held tomorrow. were is are is 4．Not only the teacher but also the students __________ (look) forward to the result of the competition. 5. It used to be that you could drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there____________ (be) houses and people everywhere. 6．Listening to loud music at rock concerts ________________ (cause) hearing loss in some teenagers so far. look are has caused 7．Actually, the garden, as well as the trees around it, ____________ (belong) to a man living across the street. 8．More than one satellite picture ____________ (show) that over 70% of the island ____________ (be) covered by forest. 9．—Is there anyone in the classroom? —No, not only the students but also the teacher ________________ (go)to the playground to watch the opening of the Art Festival. belongs shows is has gone 10．We each ____________ (have) a different point of view.Each of us ______________ (get) something to say. have has got Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．为了降低城市污染水平，已经采取了不止一项措施来改善空气质量。 More than one measure_________________________________， aiming to reduce the pollution level in the city. 2．考试结果显示，所有的学生都取得了很大的进步。 The results of the examination show that all the students ______________________________． has been taken to improve the air quality have made great progress 3．这个周末老师将与所有学生们一起去野餐。 The teacher, together with all his students，_______________________ this weekend. 4. 学校运动会什么时候举行还没有决定。 When the school sports meeting will be held ____________________． is going to have a picnic hasn't been decided 5．夏天在河里游泳是一项很好的运动，但冬天在河里游泳需要强大的意志力。 __________________________________________________，but to swim in rivers in winter needs great willpower. Swimming in rivers in summer is a good sport Ⅲ.语篇填空 We all 1.____________ (need) help from time to time.Sometimes that help 2.____________ (come) from people whose job 3.____________ (be) to provide certain types of assistance.Sometimes that help comes from volunteers.Volunteering 4.____________ (have) many benefits.If you 5.____________ (volunteer) to help others，you'll notice that it doesn't really matter that you don't get paid.The simple smile or “thank you” you receive 6.____________ (be) enough to let you know that your efforts 7._________________ (appreciate).In addition， need comes is has volunteer is are appreciated volunteering to help others can give you valuable experience，help you gain new skills，and even lead to make new friends.Besides，communication and leadership skills 8.__________________ (develop), too. are/will be developed Ⅳ.阅读理解 In today's world, robots serve people as first-responders, companions and problem-solvers.And you find them in various places from the operating table to the kitchen and classroom.Advances in artificial intelligence allow robots to perfect important functions beyond human capabilities. As the older population desire to stay in their homes, effectively designed robots are needed to help make this demand a safer and more sustainable(可持续的) option.Another change in health care is that robots have already been used in over 20，000 operations.Surgical(外科的)robots like the da Vinci Surgical Systems are great examples of cutting-edge robotic technology.Besides, instead of going to a brick building to see a physician, patients will be checked by robots. At home, household robots can help people save time.You can schedule a warm meal to be ready when you return from work.Robotic cookers can steam, fry, cook and bake as long as you set them up.These robots are bound to develop into more advanced versions in the upcoming years and could change the look and feel of our homes. As we know, a single teacher doesn't have the ability to meet the needs of personalized learning for every student in a classroom.This is where computer-based learning comes into play; it doesn't replace the teacher but allows students to learn at their own pace.Robots will continue to boost personalized learning.The human-like robot NAO works to form bonds with students and comes with senses of natural interaction, from listening, speaking, moving and connecting with students. Today, robots of all types are being designed to reduce the workload, complement human skill sets and enable professionals to focus on more important activities.Robots are meant to make human life easier and offer a more comfortable future.As technology advances and becomes more affordable, it is expected to see more changes and more industries embracing robots and all they can do to boost our standard of living. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了当今世界机器人能够完成超出人类能力的重要任务，并且随着技术的进步，预计机器人会有更多的变化。 2 3 1 4 1．What do we know about surgical robots? A．They are to be put into use soon. B．They can fully replace physicians. C．They play an important role in health care. D．They are more popular than the other robots. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Surgical robots like the da Vinci Surgical Systems are great examples of cutting-edge robotic technology.Besides, instead of going to a brick building to see a physician, patients will be checked by robots.”可知，外科机器人在医疗保健中发挥着重要作用。故选C。 2 3 1 4 2．What is the main function of the robot NAO? A．Performing operations. B．Promoting personalized learning. C．Monitoring patients. D．Making meals. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Robots will continue to boost personalized learning.The human-like robot NAO works...connecting with students.”可知，机器人NAO的主要功能是促进个性化学习。B项中的“Promoting”与文中的“boost”是近义词。 3．How is the text organized? 答案：A 2 3 1 4 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。分析文章的结构可知，第一段总体概括机器人的功能，第二、三、四段分别介绍了外科机器人、家用机器人、类人机器人NAO，第五段整体概括了机器人的发展方向。所以这篇文章是总分总的结构，故选A。 2 3 1 4 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Robots are vital in health care. B．More robots are needed to develop. C．Robots are changing the world. D．Robots will help fight against pandemics. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 主旨大意题。分析全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了当今世界机器人能够完成超出人类能力的重要任务，分别介绍了外科机器人、家用机器人和类人机器人这三类机器人，并结合最后一段中的“As technology advances and becomes more affordable, it is expected to see more changes and more industries embracing robots and all they can do to boost our standard of living.(随着技术的进步及价格的降低，我们预计会看到更多的变化，更多的行业接纳机器人，以及它们为提高我们的生活水平所做的一切)”可知，C项“机器人正在改变世界”能概括全文内容。 Ⅴ.语法填空 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章谈论了人工智能的发展优势以及与之相伴的一些令人恐惧和担忧的问题。 As computing power increases and algorithms (运算法则) become 1. (complicated) and even cleverer，AI develops at a very rapid pace.You can better enjoy your life by pressing a button to send a robot to do all the work for you.Some essential abilities 2. (learn) from experience，adjust to new inputs and perform tasks like humans are what AI is expected to gain.The term AI 3. (coin) in the mid-1950s.That Deep Blue beat the world chess champion Garry Kasparov in 1997 was 4. breakthrough in AI. 1．考查形容词比较级。此处应用形容词complicated的比较级，和后文cleverer并列作become的表语。故填more complicated。 答案：more complicated 2．考查非谓语动词。ability to do sth.“做某事的能力”是固定用法，用动词不定式作后置定语，且learn和adjust及perform并列。故填to learn。 答案：to learn 3．考查动词的时态、语态及主谓一致。谓语动词coin(创造新词，首次使用)和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；根据时间状语in the mid-1950s可知，应用一般过去时；主语the term AI为第三人称单数，故填was coined。 答案：was coined 4．考查冠词。后文可数名词单数breakthrough是泛指概念，应用不定冠词限定，因其发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。 答案：a Nowadays，AI is being applied in many 5. (field)，such as finance，health care and so on.With machines like AlphaGo now capable 6. thinking and learning from their mistakes，we are getting closer to the dividing line between humans and machines. 5．考查名词复数。根据前文many可知，此处应用可数名词复数形式作介词的宾语。故填fields。 答案：fields 6．考查介词。be capable of doing sth.“能够做某事”是固定搭配。故填of。 答案：of In the future，it could 7. (significant) reduce the burden of long-lasting disease，8. (allow) people to live healthier lives for longer lifespan.However，an increasing number of concerns about AI arise，9. demand our attention.We need to make sure that we will not fall victim to AI.We may still think it would be fantastic to relax all day and allow automatic machines to do all the work for us.But the key is that we should not be too 10. (greed). 7．考查词性转换。空处修饰动词reduce应用副词，作状语。故填significantly。 答案：significantly 8．考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词，动词allow和逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作结果状语。故填allowing。 答案：allowing 9．考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整个主句，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 答案：which 10．考查词性转换。根据前文系动词be可知，此处应用形容词作表语。故填greedy。 答案：greedy $$