U3 Period 1 Understanding ideas-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第三册同步导学案配套PPT课件（外研版）

选择性必修第三册 Unit 3　War and peace (主题语境：人与社会——历史事件) 【单元知识目标】 重点单词 violent; objective; violence; recall; barely; liberate; memorial; outstanding; uniform; friction; weapon; stability; academic; bomb; emerge; representative; sum; grain; relevant 重点短语 make up of; free...from; have confidence in; nothing less than; prepare for; make it; meet up with; on standby 单元语法 主谓一致(1) 单元写作 介绍战斗英雄 【单元话题词汇】 Period 1　Understanding ideas—Reading comprehension 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 必备知识 自主探究 课时作业 巩固提升 必备知识 自主探究 Part 1　教材原文助读   The D-DAY LANDINGS① By spring 1944，the Second World War had been raging② across the globe for about five years. But along the south coast of England, something unusual was happening：Allied troops③made up mainly of④ British，Canadian and American soldiers were gathering in large numbers⑤. This marked⑥ one of the final stages of a top-secret operation⑦ that had been months, perhaps years，in the planning. Code-named “Operation Overlord”，it was the largest combined sea, air and land operation in history，the aim being to free north-west Europe from⑧ German occupation. After waiting for the perfect combination of weather, moon and tides，the date for the start of Operation Overlord was set for 6 June. 动词-ed短语作定语。 that引导定语从句，修饰a top-secret operation。 “逻辑主语＋动词-ing短语”构成的独立主格结构作状语。 ①landing/'lændIŋ/n.[C](军队的)登陆；[C，U]降落 ②rage vi.(战斗、争论)激烈进行，(暴风雨)肆虐；(火灾或疾病)迅速蔓延，快速扩散；vt.& vi.发怒；怒斥n.[U，C]盛怒，狂怒 ③Allied troops盟军部队 allied/'ælaId/adj.(第二次世界大战)同盟国的 troop/truːp/n.[pl.]部队，军队 ④(be) made up of由……组成 ⑤in large numbers(＝in large quantities)大量地 ⑥mark vt.熟词生义标志着 ⑦a top-secret operation一次绝密行动 ⑧free...from...使……摆脱……，将……从……中解放 诺曼底登陆 到1944年春，第二次世界大战已经席卷全球大概五年之久。但在英格兰南部海岸一件非同寻常的事情正在上演：主要由英国、加拿大和美国士兵组成的盟军部队正在大量集结。这标志着一项已经计划了数月，或许数年的绝密行动进入了某一最后阶段。这次行动代号为“霸王行动”，是历史上规模最大的海、空、陆联合行动，目的是将欧洲西北部地区从德国的占领中解放出来。等待天气、月光和潮汐达到最佳结合点之后，霸王行动的开始时间定在了6月6日。 An order issued⑨ by Supreme Allied Commander General Eisenhower to the troops read⑩：“Your task will not be an easy one. Your enemy is well trained, well equipped and battle-hardened⑪...But this is the year 1944...The tide⑫ has turned！The free men of the world are marching together to Victory! I have full confidence in⑬ your courage, devotion to duty⑭ and skill in battle. We will accept nothing less than⑮ full Victory！” 动词-ed短语作后置定语，修饰an order。 ⑨issue vt.熟词生义宣布，公布，发出 issue sth. (to sb.)(向某人)宣布某事 [思考]　issue还有哪些词性和词义？ ⑩read vt.熟词生义写着(to have sth. written on it) The sign reads “No admittance”．告示牌上写着“禁止入内”。 ⑪battle-hardened adj.身经百战的 [构词法]　battle-hardened是“n.＋v.-ed”构成的复合形容词，常见的还有：handmade手工制作的，state-owned国有的。 ⑫tide/taId/n.潮水熟词生义n.[C, usually sing.]趋势，动向 [习语]　the tide turned/turn the tide转变运气，改变形势 ⑬have full confidence in在……方面信心十足 ⑭devotion to duty忠于职守 ⑮nothing less than只，仅仅；简直是，不亚于 The victory was nothing less than a miracle.这场胜利是个不折不扣的奇迹。 盟军最高指挥官艾森豪威尔将军向部队下达命令：“你们的任务将不会容易，你们的敌人训练有素，装备精良，而且身经百战……但这是1944年……形势已经转变！全世界的自由之士正一起走向胜利！我对你们的勇气、责任心和作战能力十分有信心。我们将接受的只会是全面的胜利！” With these words ringing in their ears⑯，Allied soldiers prepared for⑰ what would become known as D-Day. At dawn⑱ on 6 June, thousands landed by parachute behind enemy lines in northern France.Meanwhile，thousands more were journeying⑲ across the English Channel to Normandy, protected by fighter planes in the skies above them. Their objective⑳ was clear: to reach the Normandy beaches along about 80 kilometres of French coastline㉑. But even in the depths of㉒ war, few could have been prepared for the violence and horror㉓ they would experience there. with复合结构，在句中作状语。 what引导宾语从句，what在从句中作主语。 动词-ed短语作状语，protect与主语thousands more是逻辑上的动宾关系。 ⑯ring in one's ears/head在某人耳边回响 His warning was still ringing in my ears．他的警告依然在我耳边回响。 ⑰prepare for为……做准备 ⑱at dawn黎明时 [反义]　at dusk在黄昏 ⑲journey vi.熟词生义(尤指长途)旅行 They journeyed for seven long months.他们进行了长达7个月的旅行。 ⑳objective/əb'dʒektIv/n. [C]目的，目标 ㉑coastline/'kəʊstlaIn/n.[C]海岸线 ㉒in the depths of深陷……；在……深处 [拓展]　at the edge of在……的边缘 at the bottom of在……的底部 ㉓horror/'hɒrə/n.[U]惊恐，恐惧，震惊；[C, usually pl.]令人惊恐的事 horrible adj.极坏的；令人震惊的 随着这些话在耳边回响，盟军士兵为即将到来的诺底登陆日做好了准备。6月6日清晨，数千名士兵在法国北部乘降落伞降落在敌人后方。与此同时，还有数千名士兵在其上方空中战斗机的保护下，穿越英吉利海峡前往诺曼底，他们的目标明确：沿着法国大约80千米的海岸线到达诺曼底海滩。但即使深陷战争，也很少有人能为他们将在那里经历的暴力和恐怖做好准备。 The fiercest fighting was at Omaha Beach.The enemy were hiding, ready to attack the Allied soldiers even before they reached land.Boats were hit and men drowned㉔， while those who did make it㉕ to the beach faced heavy machine gunfire㉖. By mid-morning, hundreds lay dead 10 in the water and amongst㉗ the tanks㉘ on the beach.One soldier recalled㉙ how he barely㉚ made it with bombs falling all around him 11：“I was the first one out. The seventh man was the next one to get across the beach without being hit 12. All the ones in between㉛ were hit. Two were killed; three were injured.That's how lucky you had to be 13.” 形容词短语作伴随状语。 while连接的并列分句，while表示对比，意为“而，然而”。其中“who...beach”为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词those，did用来强调该从句中的谓语动词。 10 系表结构。 11 how引导宾语从句，其中含有“with＋宾语(bombs)＋宾语补足语(falling)结构。 12 动词不定式短语作定语。 13 how引导表语从句。　　 ㉔drown/draʊn/vt.& vi.(使)淹死 ㉕make it到达；达成。其后常跟介词to＋地点，表示到达某地。 ㉖gunfire/'ɡʌnfaIə/n. (接连不断的)炮火 ㉗amongst/ə'mʌŋst/prep. 在……当中(＝among) ㉘tank/tæŋk/n.[C]坦克 ㉙recall/rI'kɔːl/vt.& vi.回想，回忆起 ㉚barely/'beəli/adv.勉强才能 ㉛in between介于……之间，在中间 The house was near a park but there was a road in between．房子在一处公园附近，但两者之间隔着一条马路。 最激烈的战斗发生在奥马哈海滩。甚至在盟军登陆之前，敌人就已躲藏起来，准备好攻击他们了。船只被击翻，一些人落水而亡，而那些成功登陆的人面对的则是机枪的猛烈扫射。到了上午10点左右，已有数百人在水中或在海滩上的坦克之间阵亡。一名士兵回忆了他在周围都是轰炸的情况下，是如何勉强突出重围的：“我是第一个出来的。第七个人是下一个穿过海滩而没被击中的人。我俩之间的人都被击中了。两人死亡，三人受伤。那就是你得有多幸运(才能突出重围)。” But，despite 14 the high cost in human life㉜， the D-Day landings were a success and were seen widely as㉝ the beginning of the end of the Second World War. By the end of August 1944, the Allies had reached the River Seine，Paris was liberated㉞ and the Germans had been removed from north-west France.The Allied forces㉟ then prepared to enter Germany, where they would meet up with㊱ the Soviet military moving in from the east 15. 14 介词，其后可跟名词/代词/动词-ing形式，不可跟句子，相当于in spite of。 15 where在此引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Germany。 moving in from the east为动词-ing短语作定语。 ㉜high cost in human life很多人牺牲 cost n．[U，sing.]代价，损失 [拓展]　at all cost/costs不惜任何代价 at the cost of以……为代价 ㉝be seen as...被视为…… ㉞liberate/'lIbəreIt/vt.解放(城市、国家等) liberation n．[U，sing.]解放 ㉟force n．熟词生义[C]军队，部队 ㊱meet up with与……会面 但是，尽管很多人牺牲，诺曼底登陆还是获得了成功，被普遍视为是第二次世界大战结束的开端。到1944年8月底，盟军已抵达塞纳河，巴黎解放，从法国西北部赶走了德国人。之后盟军准备进攻德国，在那里与从东部攻入的苏联军队会合。 Seventy years later，men who had fought on D-Day gathered on both sides of the English Channel, where people were coming together for memorial㊲ ceremonies. 16 As part of this solemn and moving occasion, a former soldier read out㊳ to the crowd these lines from the poem For the Fallen, by Laurence Binyon： 16 本句是主从复合句，where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词both sides of the English Channel。主句中“who...D-Day”为who引导定语从句，修饰先行词men。 ㊲memorial/mə'mɔːriəl/ adj.纪念的，追悼的 ㊳read out朗读，宣读 70年后，曾在诺曼底登陆中奋战的将士聚集在英吉利海峡两岸，人们聚集在这里参加纪念仪式。在这个庄严而感人的场合，一位当时参战的士兵向众人朗诵了劳伦斯·比尼恩的《谨献给阵亡将士》中的诗句： They shall grow not old, as we that are left grow old： Age shall not weary㊴ them, nor the years condemn㊵. At the going down of the sun and in the morning We will remember them. ㊴weary/'wIəri/vt.& vi.(使)非常疲倦adj.筋疲力尽的，非常疲劳的，厌烦的 ㊵condemn/kən'dem/vt.迫使(某人)处于不幸的境地，迫使(某人)做不愿做的事 他们永远不会变老，不像我们活着的人日渐老去： 他们永远不为年龄所难，永远不为岁月所累。 每当日落西山，每当清晨来临， 我们都会想起他们。 Survivors of the D-Day landings continue to meet to remember the fellow soldiers and friends they lost that day. Although each year they are fewer in number, their outstanding㊶ acts of courage㊷ mean that we will always remember them—as well as those who lost their lives on the beaches of northern France. 17 17 本句是主从复合句。although引导让步状语从句。主句中that引导宾语从句；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词those。 ㊶outstanding/aʊt'stændIŋ/ adj.优秀的，杰出的，出色的 ㊷acts of courage英勇之举 诺曼底登陆的幸存者们持续相聚，缅怀他们那天失去的战友和朋友们。尽管他们的数量每年都在减少，但他们的英勇行为，意味着我们将永远记住他们以及那些在法国北部海滩上阵亡的士兵。 Part 2　语篇研析 1．Match the main idea of each paragraph. Para.1　　A．The outcome of the operation. Para.2　 B．The background information of the operation. Para.3　　C．The severe casualties on Omaha Beach. Para.4　　D.The everlasting memory of the soldiers' brave actions. Para.5　　E．The initial stage of the operation. ． Para.6 F．The order issued by the Supreme Allied Commander before the operation. Para.7 G．The 70th anniversary of the D－Day landings. Para.1______　Para.2______　Para.3______ Para.4______　Para.5______　Para.6______ Para.7______ B　 F　 E　 C　 A　 G　 D　 2．What's the main idea of the text? A．The Second World War. B．Operation Overlord. C．Commander General Eisenhower. D．Survivors of the D-Day landings. 答案：B 1．What's the purpose of “Operation Overlord”？ A．To combine the sea，air and land troops. B．To gather in large numbers along the south coast of England. C．To liberate north-west Europe that was occupied by Germany. D．To wait for the perfect combination of weather，moon and tides. 答案：C　 2．How did Allied soldiers feel after hearing the order from General Eisenhower? A．Inspired.　　　　　　　 B．Puzzled. C．Discouraged. D．Moved. 答案：A 3．What's the main idea of the fourth paragraph? A．The enemy were ready to attack the Allied soldiers. B．How the most violent battle was at Omaha Beach. C．Most soldiers lay dead in the fiercest fighting. D．One soldier recalled how he barely made it. 答案：B 4．What's the significance of the D-Day landings? A．The D-Day landings marked the beginning of the end of the Second World War. B．The Allied forces entered Germany. C．The Allied forces met up with the Soviet military. D．The D-Day landings ended the Second World War. 答案：A 1．The Allied forces then prepared to enter Germany, where they would meet up with the Soviet military moving in from the east. [句式分析]　本句为主从复合句。“where they...east”为where引导的________________从句，其中“moving in from the east”为现在分词短语作________，修饰the Soviet military。 [翻译]　________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 非限制性定语　 定语 　 之后盟军准备进攻德国，将在那里与从东面攻入的苏联军队会合。 2．Although each year they are fewer in number, their outstanding acts of courage mean that we will always remember them—as well as those who lost their lives on the beaches of northern France. [句式分析]　本句为主从复合句。“Although each year they are fewer in number”为although引导的________从句；主句中“that we will always remember them”为that引导的________从句；who引导________从句，修饰先行词those。 [翻译]　_________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 让步状语 宾语 定语 尽管他们的数量每年都在减少，但他们的英勇行为，意味着我们将永远记住他们以及那些在法国北部海滩阵亡的士兵。 During the Second World War, there was an operation code－named “Operation Overlord” in 1944.Allied troops 1._______ (make) up mainly of British, Canadian and American soldiers were gathered with the objective of freeing north－west Europe 2._______German occupation.The start date of it was set for 6 June, 3.________ would be known as D－Day. made from which At dawn on 6 June, thousands of Allied soldiers landed by parachute behind enemy lines in northern France.Meanwhile, thousands more 4.____________ (journey) across the English Channel to Normandy.However, the 5.____________ (violent) and horror that the fighting brought were almost unimaginable.The fiercest fighting was at Omaha Beach.The soldiers 6.____________ (attack) even before they reached land.By mid－morning, hundreds lay 7._______ (die) in the water and amongst the tanks on the beach. were journeying violence were attacked dead But, despite the high cost in human life, the D－Day landings were 8.___ success and were seen 9._______ (wide) as the beginning of the end of the Second World War.Seventy years later, men who had fought on D－Day gathered on both sides of the English Channel 10.________________ (commemorate) the fellow soldiers and friends they lost that day.Although each year they are fewer in number, their outstanding acts of courage mean that we will always remember them—as well as those who lost their lives on the beaches of northern France. a widely to commemorate 课时作业 巩固提升 阅读理解 A A Malawian woman, Gloria Majiga-Kamoto, was recently awarded the Goldman Environmental Prize for Africa—the world's leading award for grassroots environmental activists. Gloria Majiga-Kamoto was then working for a local environmental organization with a program that gave goats to rural farmers, who would use the goat waste to produce low-cost, high-quality organic fertilizer (肥料).The problem? The thin plastic bags covering the Malawian countryside. “We have this very common street food, chiwaya, which is salty and served in little blue plastics，” Majiga-Kamoto says. “Goats eat the plastic for salty taste and they die because it blocks the ingestion (吸收) system.” For her, this was the moment when it all changed. All of a sudden, she started noticing how plastics were everywhere in the Malawian environment and food system—affecting people's living and health. “I remember back in the day when we'd go to the market and buy things like dried fish, which were wrapped in newspaper，” the 30-year-old says. But thin plastics took off in the last decade or so as new producers sprung up in Malawi, selling products like thin plastic bags at cheap prices. In fact, the Malawian government decided to ban the importation, production and distribution of single-use plastic in 2015.But before the ban could go into full effect, Malawi's plastic producing industry appealed to the country's High Court against the ban, causing it to be suspended. When Majiga-Kamoto and her fellow environmentalists heard about this, they were annoyed. She organized marches and rejected the plastic industry's argument that the ban would hurt Malawi's economy—and even debated with an industry spokesman on TV. Finally in 2019, Malawi's High Court ruled in favor of the ban. The following year, the government began closing down illegal plastic producers. Michael Sutton, executive director of the Goldman Environmental Foundation, said，“Majiga-Kamoto's fight with the plastic industry is a perfect example of the spirit of the prize.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。马拉维的Gloria Majiga-Kamoto 女士被授予非洲戈德曼环境奖，文章就她与塑料行业斗争的起因、经过和结果进行了详细叙述。 2 3 1 4 1．What made Majiga-Kamoto realize the problem? A．Her experience with plastic-eating goats. B．Her discovery of goat waste everywhere. C．Her doubt about the safety of street food. D．Her care for the farmers living in poverty. 答案：A 细节理解题。根据第二段内容，尤其是“Goats eat the plastic for salty taste and they die because it blocks the ingestion system.”可知，山羊为了尝到咸味而吃塑料但塑料阻塞其吸收系统而导致其死亡，这使Gloria Majiga-Kamoto意识到了塑料导致的环境和健康问题，故选A。 2 3 1 4 2．What can we learn about Malawi? A．It used to be extremely rich in fish. B．It advocated using thin plastic bags. C．It failed to ban single-use plastic at first. D．It relied heavily on the plastic industry. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据第三段的“the Malawian government decided to ban the importation, production and distribution of single-use plastic in 2015... causing it to be suspended.”可知，马拉维政府在2015年就决定禁止进口、生产和分销一次性塑料，但由于马拉维的塑料生产行业向该国高等法院上诉反对禁令，导致禁令被暂停，即马拉维政府最初未能禁止一次性塑料，故选C。 2 3 1 4 3．What was the purpose of Majiga-Kamoto's acts in paragraph 4? A．To put the ban into effect. B．To support the government. C．To back the plastic industry up. D．To promote Malawi's economy. 答案：A 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。根据第四段的“Finally in 2019，Malawi's High Court ruled in favor of the ban. The following year, the government began closing down illegal plastic producers.”可知，Gloria Majiga-Kamoto 进行游行等一系列行动的目的是使禁令生效，故选A。 2 3 1 4 4．Which of the following best describes Majiga-Kamoto? A．Humble.　　　　　 B．Generous. C．Patient. D．Committed. 答案：D 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。通读全文可知，Gloria Majiga-Kamoto是一个环保工作者，发现塑料给环境和生活带来危害时，她决定做出改变；当禁塑令被暂停后她组织了游行并拒绝接受塑料行业关于禁令会损害马拉维经济的论点，甚至在电视上与行业发言人进行了辩论，最终高等法院裁定支持该禁塑令。由此可推知，Gloria Majiga-Kamoto 是一个做事尽心尽力的人，故选D。 2 3 1 4 B Is it possible to persuade mankind to live without war? War is an ancient institution which has existed for at least six thousand years.It has always been bad and usually foolish, but in the past the human race managed to live with it.Modern creativity has changed this.Either man will abolish (废除) war, or war will abolish man.For the present, it is nuclear weapons that cause the most serious danger, but bacteriological (细菌学的) or chemical weapons may soon offer an even greater threat.Even if we succeed in abolishing nuclear weapons, our work will not be done.It will never be done until we have succeeded in abolishing war.To do this，we need to persuade mankind to look upon international problems in a new way, not by contests of force, in which the victory goes to the stronger side, but by arbitration (仲裁) according to agreed principles of law.It is not easy to change the very old pattern, but this is what must be attempted. There are those who say that the adoption of this or that idea would prevent war.I believe this to be a big error.All ideas are based on statements which are, at best, doubtful, and at worst, totally false.Their followers believe in them and they may be willing to go to war to support them. The world opinion during the past few years has changed very largely.It is believed that nuclear war must be avoided.Of course very difficult problems remain in the world, but the attitude towards them is better than it was several years ago.It has begun to be thought that people should reach agreements even if both sides do not find these agreements wholly satisfactory.It has begun to be understood that the important conflict nowadays is not between different countries, but between man and the atom bomb. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章阐述了如今人类面临着核武器和生化武器的威胁。要想避免战争，人们必须抛弃用战争来解决争端的传统观念，通过对话协商来解决问题。 5 6 7 8 5．What is implied about the war now in the first paragraph? A．It is as bad as in the past. B．It is as necessary as in the past. C．It is worse than in the past. D．It is not so dangerous as in the past. 答案：C 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“For the present...offer an even greater threat.”可知，文章第一段暗示了现在的战争要比以前更糟糕。 5 6 7 8 6．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 1 probably refer to? A．Improving weapons. B．Abolishing war. C．Solving international problems. D．Living a peaceful life. 答案：B 5 6 7 8 代词指代题。根据第一段中的“It will never be done until we have succeeded in abolishing war.”可推知，this指代的是“废除战争”这件事。 5 6 7 8 7．From paragraph 2, what can we learn about the author? A．The author is a supporter of some modern ideas. B．The author has no doubt about the truth of any ideas. C．The author believes the adoption of some ideas could prevent war. D．The author does not think the adoption of any ideas could stop war. 答案：D 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“There are those...I believe this to be a big error.”可知，作者认为采用这种或那种想法就可以阻止战争是个大错误，即阻止不了战争。 5 6 7 8 8．What can be inferred about war according to the author? A．It must be abolished if man wants to survive. B．It is the only way to solve international problems. C．It is impossible for people to live without war. D．It will be less dangerous because of the improvement of weapons. 答案：A 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据全文对战争会带来的威胁的描述以及第一段中的“Either man will abolish war, or war will abolish man.”可推知，如果人类还想生存就必须抛弃战争。 5 6 7 8 $$