U1 Period 4 Developing ideas & Other parts-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语必修第三册同步导学案配套PPT课件（外研版）

必修第三册 Unit 1　Knowing me，knowing you Period 4　Developing ideas & Other parts 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 精读课文 理解语篇 课时作业 巩固提升 课堂检测 素养达标 关键能力 互动探究 进阶提升 写作微练 精读课文 理解语篇 Little White Lies Written more than two hundred years ago，these lines① by Walter Scott remain one of the most well-known excerpts② of Scottish poetry： Oh, what a tangled web③ we weave④， When first we practise to deceive⑤！ 过去分词短语作让步状语。 Part 1　教材原文助读 ①line n．[C]熟词生义 诗行，歌词 ②excerpt n．[C]摘录，节选 ③tangled web 错综复杂的网 tangled/'tæŋɡ(ə)ld/adj.复杂的；纠结的 web/web/n.[C]错综复杂的事物；网状物，网络；蜘蛛网 ④weave/wiːv/vt.& vi.编，织 ⑤deceive/dI'siːv/vt.欺骗；误导 小小的善意谎言 沃尔特·司各特在两百多年前写下的这些诗句(至今)仍是苏格兰诗歌中广为传诵的诗句之一： 啊，谎言一旦开始， 我们须得织就一张错综复杂的网！ We all know that honesty⑥ is an important value⑦ and that lying is wrong, but who can honestly say that they’ve never told a lie？Perhaps we comfort ourselves with the knowledge that most of the lies we tell are “white lies”：little lies that we tell to protect others from the truth. 当一个动词带有两个或两个以上并列的that从句作宾语时，第一个that可省略，其余的that不可省略。 画线部分是that引导的同位语从句，对knowledge进行解释说明，knowledge在此意为“知晓，知悉，了解”。其中第一个we tell 为省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词 most of the lies。冒号后的部分解释说明“white lies”，其中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词little lies。不定式to protect...truth 作目的状语。 ⑥honesty n．[U]诚实，老实，正直 honest adj.诚实的，老实的 honestly speaking说句实话，老实说 ⑦value n．[pl.]生活准则，价值观 a set of values 一套价值观 我们都知道诚实是一种重要的价值观，也知道说谎是不对的，但谁能坦然地说自己从未说过谎呢？或许我们会这样安慰自己，我们说的大部分谎都是“善意的谎言”：即为了保护他人不被真相伤害而说的小的谎言。 We’ve all surely had the experience of someone cooking a meal for us that we don’t like. The majority⑧ of us of course don’t tell the truth—we lie and say that the food is “delicious”． Or if a friend asks us what we think of their new haircut, we say “It’s great！”， even if we think it’s awful.But to what extent⑨ can we justify⑩ telling white lies like these? 本句是一个主从复合句。主句为 we say “It’s great！”；if引导条件状语从句，其中包含一个 what 引导的宾语从句；even if引导让步状语从句；it’s awful是省略了that的宾语从句，作think的宾语。 ⑧majority n．[sing.]大部分，大多数 [拓展]“a/the majority of＋可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式。 ⑨to...extent到……程度，在……程度上 [拓展]to some extent/to a certain extent(在某种程度上) to a great/large extent 在很大程度上 ⑩justify/'dʒʌstIfaI/vt.证明(别人认为不合理的事)有道理；为……辩护 我们肯定都有过这样的经历：有人为我们做了一顿我们不喜欢的饭菜。大部分人当然不会讲实话，而是谎称食物很“美味”。 或者，如果朋友问我们觉得他们的新发型怎么样，即使我们觉得非常糟糕，也会说“棒极了！”但是，我们能在多大程度上证明这些善意的谎言有道理呢？ One of the main reasons for telling a white lie is to try to make others feel better. However, when we lie and say that someone’s haircut looks good, or when we say that we love a meal that we secretly hate，are we really hoping to improve the situation for someone else? Perhaps we are in fact lying to protect ourselves from the disappointment and anger of others. 动词不定式短语作表语，make others feel better为“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。 (人们)说善意的谎言的主要原因之一就是尽量让他人感觉好点。可是，当我们撒谎说某人的发型好看，或对心底讨厌的饭菜表示喜欢时，我们真的是想改善他人的处境吗？或许实际上我们撒谎是为了不让别人失望和生气，以免殃及自身。 Another reason for telling a white lie is to give encouragement. Say⑪ for example that your friend asks you what you think of his singing. You of course say that it’s wonderful, despite secretly thinking that your cat can sing better. Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend wants some frank⑫ comments from you so that they can improve. Or perhaps, they need to know that they should look for a different hobby. 本句中的despite 为介词，意为“即使，尽管”，其后接表示让步意义的短语结构。your cat can sing better 是一种带有幽默讽刺意味的表达，暗示“his singing is terrible”。 so that引导目的状语从句。 ⑪say v．比方说，假设 [拓展]let’s say 比方说 ⑫frank/fræŋk/adj.坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的 to be frank 说实话，老实说，坦率地说 frankly speaking 坦白地说 (人们)说善意的谎言的另一原因是给予鼓励。比如，你的朋友问你他(的歌)唱得如何，你当然会说很棒，尽管你私下认为你的猫都比他唱得好。停下来思考一下，或许你的朋友想要从你这里听到一些真实的评价，这样他们才能改进。又或者，应该让他们知道自己需要换一个爱好了。 Finally, we may also tell a white lie when we want to protect others from bad news. If you’ve had a bad day, do you tell your parents about it, or do you hide your tears and lie that your day was “fine”？ If the latter⑬，don’t you think your parents would want to listen to you and understand your feelings? Wouldn’t it be better to respect their concern for you and ask for their advice⑭？ ⑬latter/'lætə/n.(刚提及的两者中)后者，(系列中)最后一位 adj.(刚提及的两者中)后者的，(系列中)最后的；后半期的 the former...the latter...前者……，后者…… ⑭ask for sb.’s advice 征求某人的建议 最后，我们不想让别人听到坏消息的时候也会说善意的谎言。如果你今天过得很糟糕，你会告诉你的父母，或者你会掩饰你的眼泪，撒谎说你今天过得“很好”吗？如果是后者，难道你不认为你的父母想要听你倾诉，从而理解你的感受吗？尊重他们对你的关心，向他们寻求建议不是更好吗？ Going back to⑮ Walter Scott’s lines，we may find even white lies have results we cannot know in advance⑯. Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served⑰ every time you visit.Would your friend trust your opinion again if he found out you had lied about his “wonderful” singing? How would you expect others to truly understand your emotions if you only shared good news instead of bad? Moreover⑱，how would you feel if you discovered that the people closest to you had been hiding the truth from you？ 名词短语every time引导的时间状语从句。 　画线部分运用了排比修辞手法，呼应了本段段首得出的结论——even white lies have results we cannot know in advance，达到了强调论点的效果。本段话看似是问句，但无需回答，因为每个问题的答案都是不言而喻的。 ⑮go back to 回到(原来的话题) ⑯in advance 预先，事先 [同义]ahead adv. 提前，预先 in advance of...(时间上)在……之前 ⑰serve vt.& vi.(给某人)提供，端上；为(……)工作vi.可用作 serve sth. to sb. (＝serve sb. sth.) 向某人提供某物；为某人端上某物 serve as...担任……；用作…… ⑱moreover/mɔːr'əʊvə/adv. 此外，而且 回到沃尔特·司各特的诗句，我们或许会发现哪怕是善意的谎言也会带来无法预知的结果。可能被你称为“美味”的那顿饭会在你每次去拜访的时候被端上来。朋友若知晓你说他歌唱得“不错”是撒谎之后，还会再相信你的意见吗？如果你只分享好消息，对坏消息闭口不提，你还如何能期待他人能够真正理解你的情绪呢？而且，你若发现最亲近的人一直都在向你隐瞒真相，又会作何感想？ Read the text and choose the best answers. 1．What is the function of the first paragraph? A．To introduce the topic of the whole text. B．To deepen the understanding of white lies. C．To remind the readers of the damage of white lies. D．To analyze why people like telling white lies. 答案：A Part 2　语篇研析 2．Why do we say the food is “delicious” although we don’t like it? A．To give encouragement. B．To show respect for the host. C．To try to make others feel better. D．To protect others from bad news. 答案：C 3．In which example is a white lie used to give encouragement? A．Your haircut looks good. B．You sing a wonderful song. C．My day is fine. Don’t worry. D．The meal you cooked is delicious. 答案：B 4．What does the text mainly discuss? A．What white lies are about. B．The functions of white lies. C．What white lies may bring us. D．The reasons and results of white lies. 答案：D 关键能力 互动探究 Ⅰ.核心单词 1．justify v.证明(别人认为不合理的事)有道理；为……辩护(→justice n.正义；公正→justified adj.有正当理由的) Having a strong sense of justice，the lawyer will justify whoever is treated unfairly. 这个律师有很强的正义感，谁受了不公平的待遇，他就为谁辩护。 词汇识记 2．frank adj.坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的(→frankly adv.坦白地说；坦率地；直率地→frankness n.直率，坦率，坦白) to be frank/frankly speaking坦白说，坦率地说 To be frank/Frankly speaking，you shouldn’t have criticised her in public，which made her really embarrassed. 坦率地说，你不应该在公共场合批评她，这真的令她很尴尬。 3．tear n.眼泪，泪水 vt.& vi.(tore，torn)撕裂，撕碎 burst into tears突然哭起来 tear sth.down拆毁，拆除(建筑物、墙等) Hearing the news that his grandpa passed away，he burst into tears immediately. 听到爷爷去世的消息，他突然哭了起来。 It is said that the old building will be torn down and replaced with a new gymnasium. 据说这座旧建筑将被拆除，取而代之的是一座新体育馆。 4．latter n．后者 the former...the latter...前者……后者…… 5.moreover adv.此外，而且 To improve our work efficiency，we should keep a balanced diet；moreover，we must maintain sufficient sleep. 为了提高工作效率，我们应该保持均衡的饮食；此外，我们必须保持充足的睡眠。 6．independent adj.独立的(→independence n．独立，自立→dependent adj.依赖的，依靠的→depend v．依靠，依赖) depend on/upon依靠；依赖 Young as he is，he has learned to be independent by living independently. Actually，he hasn’t depended on his parents since his teenage time. 尽管他很年轻，但他已经通过独立生活学会了独立。事实上，他从十几岁起就不再依赖父母了。 7. apart adv.分离，分开 tell apart区分；辨别 fall apart破裂；破碎；崩溃 apart from除了……外；此外 If you can’t tell these concepts apart，please contact me by email as soon as possible. 如果你不能区分这些概念，请尽快通过电子邮件与我联系。 Apart from regular exercise，a balanced diet and adequate sleep are also significant. 除了定期锻炼，均衡的饮食和充足的睡眠也很重要。 8．fence n．栅栏，围栏，篱笆 The moral of the story is that the grass is not greener on the other side of the fence. 这个故事的寓意是，不要这山望着那山高。 Ⅱ.阅读词汇 1．tangled adj.纠结的；复杂的 2．web n．蜘蛛网；网络；错综复杂的事物 3．weave v．编，织 4．deceive v．欺骗 默写练习 【限时：10分钟】 Ⅰ.默写重点单词 1．______ n．眼泪，泪水 2．__________ adv.此外，而且 3．_______ adv.分离，分开 tear moreover apart 4．just adj.公正的；正当的；正义的→_________ v．证明(别人认为不合理的事)有道理；为……辩护→___________ adj.有正当理由的；合乎情理的→_________ n．正义；公正 5．frank adj.坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的→_________ adv.坦率地；直率地 6．independent adj.独立的→_______________n．独立；自主 justify justified justice frankly independence Ⅱ.词形变化填空 1．As far as I am concerned，_____________ (forgive) is also an amazing virtue that can heal wounds, strengthen relationships, and promote personal growth. 2．_________ (frank) speaking，I think it is all your fault for the failure of our plan，and you should take responsibility for it. 3．To my annoyance，she felt fully ___________ (justify) in asking for her money back, as if she had done nothing wrong. forgiveness Frankly justified 4．What made her annoyed was that her son refused to make _____________ (adjust) to his study plan. 5．The professor found that the project had been finished by the students ______________ (independent)，which made him surprised. adjustments independently Ⅲ.默写核心短语 1．____________撒谎 2．______________保护……免受…… 3．____________说实话 4．______________到何种程度 5. ______________向……隐瞒…… tell a lie/lies protect...from... tell the truth to what extent hide...from... Ⅳ.选词填空 从核心短语中选择合适的完成下列句子 1．_________________ does the learners’ first language influence their English writing? 2．What surprised me was that she tried to ______ the truth ______ me, which made me very disappointed and annoyed. 3．You should not _______________, especially when it involves the truth about someone else’s well-being or safety. To what extent hide from tell a lie/lies 4．Sometimes it would do others a kindness to tell them white lies because it can _________them______ being hurt. 5．What made me angry was that I _______________ but he thought I was lying. protect from told the truth 词汇精研 1.to...extent 到……程度，在……程度上 [教材原句] But to what extent can we justify telling white lies like these？　 但是，我们能在多大程度上证明这些善意的谎言有道理呢？ to what extent在多大程度上 to some/a certain extent在某种/一定程度上 to a large/great extent在很大程度上 [即学即练]——补全句子 ①________________ (在多大程度上) does this task I’m doing help me achieve my goals? ②(译林必修3U3)_________________ (在一定程度上)，the world’s knowledge is all at our fingertips. ③Forest fires can affect climate and weather ___________________ (在很大程度上), besides causing severe damage to valuable trees. To what extent To a certain extent to a large/great extent 2.tear n.眼泪，泪水 v.(tore；torn)撕破；撕掉 [教材原句] If you’ve had a bad day, do you tell your parents about it, or do you hide your tears and lie that your day was “fine”？ 如果你今天过得很糟糕，你会告诉你的父母，或者你会掩饰你的眼泪，撒谎说你今天过得“很好”吗？ (1)burst into tears (＝burst out crying)突然大哭起来 move sb. to tears令人感动得流泪 in tears哭着，流泪 (2)tear down拆除，拆掉 tear up(＝tear...into pieces)撕毁，撕碎 tear...in two/half＝tear...into halves把……撕成两半 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子 ①The government has released an announcement that old buildings should be torn ______ in favor of new modern communities. ②He ______________________________ (突然大哭起来) when he knew that his company suffered huge losses in the financial crisis. down burst into tears/burst out crying ③(人教必修3U2) One woman tripped over the stone and her water pot went crashing to the ground. She picked herself up and limped away _________ (哭着). ④听到我的话，大卫泪流满面，转向我，坚定地表达了他完成越野跑的决心。 At my words，________________________________________，David turned to me and firmly expressed his determination to finish the cross-country run.(续写佳句之情绪描写) in tears with tears running/rolling down his face/cheeks 3.independent adj.独立的，自主的；不受约束的 [教材原句] The more independent you are, the better your life will be. 你越独立，你的生活就会越好。 (1)be independent of不依靠，不受……约束 (2)depend vi.依靠，依赖；取决(于) depend on/upon依靠；指望 (3)dependent adj.依靠的，依赖的 be dependent on/upon依赖……；取决于…… (4)dependence n．依赖 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①(译林选必2U4)As we become more and more dependent ____ computers, some scientists are urging us to think about the dangers posed by the advances in AI. on ②(译林必修1U2)You have both a new desire for ______________ (independent) and a continued need for your parents’ love and support. ③(人教必修3U4)China became the third country in the world to _______________ (independent) send humans into space in 2003, when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft. independence independently ④我知道你渴望独立于父母，因为你觉得自己已经长大了，所以我写信给你是想给你一些建议。 _________________________________________________________________________________，I’m writing to offer you a few suggestions.(应用文佳句之建议信) Knowing that you are eager to be independent of your parents because you feel like you’ve grown up 句式剖析 every time引导时间状语从句 [教材原句] Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served every time you visit. 可能被你称之为“美味”的那顿饭会在你每次去拜访的时候被端上来。 (1)every time引导时间状语从句，相当于whenever，表示“每当……”。 (2)名词词组用作连词而且能引导时间状语从句的还有： ①each time每次……时候 ②(the) last time/(the) next time上次/下次……时 ③the＋序数词(first/second/...)＋time第……次 ④the＋瞬间名词(moment/minute/instant) 一……就…… ⑤the day/the week/the year那一天/那一周/那一年 [即学即练]——完成句子/同义句转换 ①每次我陷入困境向他求助时，他都尽其所能帮助我。 _____________________________________，he will do everything in his power to help me out. ②你下次来的时候，一定记着把你的儿子带到这来。 ___________________, do remember to bring your son here. Every time I get into trouble and turn to him Next time you come ③When I saw him for the first time, he was playing basketball. →He was playing basketball ______________________． [温馨提示]　(1)every time、each time、any time前不用冠词，(the) next time、(the) last time中的冠词可以省略。 (2)the first time用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次……时”。for the first time是介词短语，只能用作状语，意为“第一次”。 the first time I saw him 进阶提升 写作微练 课文词汇 1．comfort oneself with...用……安慰某人自己 2．have the experience of doing sth.有过做某事的经历 3．try to make sb. feel better尽量让某人感觉好点 4．protect oneself from the disappointment and anger of others不让别人失望和生气以免殃及自身 处理人际关系 5．give encouragement给予鼓励 6．want some frank comments from sb.想听到某人的真实评价 7．hide one’s tears掩饰某人眼泪 8．expect sb.to truly understand your emotions期望某人真正理解你的情绪 补充词汇 9．react angrily to one’s words对某人的话作出愤怒的反应 10．live in harmony with sb.与某人和谐相处 11．help sb.out帮助某人摆脱困境 课本原句 1．Or if a friend asks us what we think of their new haircut, we say “It’s great！”，even if we think it’s awful. 或者，如果朋友问我们觉得他们的新发型怎么样，即使我们觉得非常糟糕，也会说“棒极了！” 2．Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend wants some frank comments from you so that they can improve. 停下来思考一下，或许你的朋友想从你这里听到一些真实的评价，这样他们才能改进。 3．Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served every time you visit. 可能被你称为“美味”的那顿饭会在你每次去拜访的时候被端上来。 其他表达 4．There is no need to worry about it. 没必要为此担心。 5．The reason why he succeeded was that he worked very hard. 他成功的原因是工作很努力。 6．It is a pity that I will be unable to work with you. 以后不能与你共事，真是太遗憾了。 1．只有通过与他人建立良好的关系，我们才能与之和谐相处。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．每当看到他人遇到困难需要帮助时，我都乐于帮他们摆脱困境。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Only by establishing a good relationship with others can we live in harmony with them. Every time I see others in trouble and need a helping hand, I am willing to help them out. 课堂检测 素养达标 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)This mountain walk provides an insight into the skills required for hillwalking to ________ (确保) you get the most from future walking trips. 2．Mother hugged the caring twins tightly，her eyes flooded with _______ (眼泪) of joy and gratitude for their kindness and thoughtfulness. ensure tears 3．By practicing this strategy, my reading ability improves. ________ (而且), my reading speed increases. 4．MSF is an ____________ (独立的) organization whose mission is to provide medical care to those affected by conflicts, epidemics or disasters. 5．To be ____ (坦率的), I was astonished by the size and _________ (复杂性) of the problem. 6．She was unable to _________ (为……辩护) her action of leaving the important document in her car. Moreover independent frank complexity justify Ⅱ.完成句子 1．切记你人生中的成功不是偶然发生的，它实际上是你努力的结果。 Just remember that success in your life doesn’t happen ___________. It’s actually the result of your hard work. 2．别人的过错在多大程度上会影响到你和你的决定呢？ _____________ can others’ fault influence you and your decisions? by accident To what extent 3．解决问题意味着成长，因此逃避问题是不明智的。 Resolving problems means growth, so it is not wise ______________ ______． 4．每当听到他的名字时，她都禁不住泪流满面。 __________________________, she dissolved into tears. 5．他们设立了一处野生动物保护区来保护动物免遭猎杀。 They set up a wildlife reserve to ____________________________． to hide from them Every time she heard his name protect animals from being hunted 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The rapid development of third-party mobile payment tools, ____ some extent, is helping to promote cashless payments across the country. 2．(2023·浙江1月卷)But no matter when you travel，it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days ____ advance. 3．_________ (frank) speaking, when I was 16, I didn’t know what to do with this tough situation. to in Frankly 4．Culture shock is the difficulty people may experience when _______ (adjust) to a remarkably different new culture. 5．She tried to hide the truth ______ her parents, but they eventually found out and were very disappointed. 6．Faced with so many problems arising from lack of communication, I didn’t know how to deal with them _______________ (independent). adjusting from independently 7．You do not need to take too many clothes, but do bring sunglasses to protect your eyes ______ direct sunlight. 8．When she realized what she had done was wrong, she begged for my ___________ (forgive) and apologized sincerely for her mistake. 9．He burst into _______ (tear) when he realized he had lost the game, unable to contain his disappointment and sadness. 10．I found this lost wallet ____ accident on the bus and immediately tried to find its owner to return it. from forgiveness tears by Ⅱ.完成句子 1．人生最大的荣耀不在于从不跌倒，而在于我们每一次跌倒后都能爬起来。(every time引导时间状语从句) The greatest glory in life lies not in never falling, but in rising _________________． every time we fall 2．(人教选必1U2)互联网使朋友和家人很容易保持联系，即使他们在世界的两端。(even if引导让步状语从句) The Internet has made it possible for friends and family to keep in touch easily ________________________________________． 3．他们想要向公众表明，他们所做的不但重要，而且必要。(make＋宾语＋宾语补足语) They want to ___________________________ what they do is not only important, but also essential. even if they are on opposite sides of the world make it clear to the public that Ⅲ.阅读理解 Jamie Goldfarb had finished reading the last bedtime book to her three-year-old son, Kai, when he told her he was hungry. The mum usually complied with such requests since Kai had difficulty feeding as a baby. But this time, as she headed downstairs to fetch a banana, she heard him murmur, “Now that’s how you get a fourth book.” Goldfarb was astonished that her sweet child would tell her a lie, but experts would say that Kai was engaging in complicated cognitive reasoning (认知推理) in his successful attempt for extra storytime. And according to researchers, lying provides a rich workout for developing brains. Though experts agree that there’s no particular area in the brain leading to telling lies, certain regions of the brain are engaged during the construction of a lie. The brain must also juggle (兼顾) emotions, memories, and knowledge about another person, as well as think about alternative paths the lie could take. “It’s really a whole network of complex interactions (互动)，” says American psychologist Immordino-Yang. And that’s why the ability to lie develops over time, as a young brain develops. Starting around two years old, a child is probably going to tell his first lie to keep from getting in trouble—and he probably won’t be very good at it. Older preschool-age children tend to try to lie as a way to make themselves look better. “They may claim they did something that they didn’t do because they want to get praise, or they exaggerate (夸张) because they want the parent to think, ’Oh wow, you’re amazing，’” says Victoria Talwar, author of the book The Truth About Lying. As children enter elementary school, their more-developed brains can craft more complex lies. Parents might feel disappointed when they catch their children being untruthful, but experts advise avoiding shaming them—or calling them liars. “That won’t necessarily promote the behaviour you want，” Talwar says. Instead, she suggests parents focus on the behaviour they’d like a child to exhibit and use language that encourages truth-telling. When the lie is more involved, experts recommend having a direct conversation about it. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了孩子编织谎言背后的原因。 1．What do the underlined words “complied with” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Let down.　　　　　　　 B．Relied on. C．Gave in to. D．Made use of. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Jamie Goldfarb had finished reading the last bedtime book to her three-year-old son, Kai, when he told her he was hungry.”及下文“since Kai had difficulty feeding as a baby”可推知， Jamie Goldfarb通常会答应Kai要食物的要求。由此可知， 画线词complied with与gave in to(同意， 接受)意思接近。 2 3 1 4 2．What can we learn about telling lies from paragraph 3? A．It is unavoidable in children’s life. B．It is based on complex brain activities. C．It is controlled by a specific area in the brain. D．It is likely to hold back the development of brains. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“’It’s really a whole network of complex interactions，’ says American psychologist Immordino-Yang. And that’s why the ability to lie develops over time, as a young brain develops.”可推知，撒谎建立在复杂的大脑活动基础之上。 2 3 1 4 3．What is the main reason why older preschool-age children lie? A．To have fun. B．To protect others. C．To win praise. D．To avoid getting in trouble. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Older preschool-age children tend to...author of the book The Truth About Lying.”可知，学龄前儿童撒谎主要是为了获得表扬。 2 3 1 4 4．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Suggestions on solving children’s lies. B．Possible harm to children if they are called liars. C．Influence of children’s lies on parent-child relationships. D．Relationships between children’s telling lies and their daily behaviour. 答案：A 2 3 1 4 解析：段落大意题。根据最后一段内容可知， 本段主要是关于如何应对孩子们撒谎的建议。 2 3 1 4 Ⅳ.阅读七选五 Planning Out Story Ideas Plotting a story out can still be difficult, but it doesn’t have to be disappointing! Start by planning out your story ideas. Brainstorm to generate and character plot ideas. 1 Try freewriting everything that comes to mind, or list out your ideas.You might make a mind map to develop your ideas in a visual manner. Write the summary of your story. 2 You might start with just a sentence, but keep developing it until you have a short and general description. 3 Write down your character’s description, personal details, likes and dislikes.Create a backstory for your main characters.Describe your characters at the beginning of the story, as well as how they’ll change over the course of the story. Identify a central conflict. Your conflict should appear early in the story so your readers experience tension as they read.You’ll develop this conflict throughout the story, reaching the peak of the conflict at the climax (高潮).At the end of the story, your conflict should be resolved.Internal conflicts are between the character and himself. 4 Establish your setting.Your setting is very important for your plot because it will influence how your story looks and develops. 5 If you’re setting your story in a place or time period unfamiliar to you, do some research to learn more about it.It’s a good idea to look at photos of your setting, whether you use personal photos or pictures available online. A．It gives the main points of the story. B．It is when and where your story takes place. C．External conflicts occur outside the character. D．This will help you to solve the conflict of your story. E．Create character sheets for your main and supporting characters. F．The main character faces issues in society or the rules of society. G．Write out your ideas before you can develop them into a complete story. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了构思故事的方法和步骤：用头脑风暴法写出任何情节构思，写下你的故事摘要，为主要角色和辅助角色创建角色表，确定一个中心冲突，建立故事背景。 1．答案：G 解析：主题句“Brainstorm to generate and character plot ideas.”提出用头脑风暴的方式构思故事情节，那么设空句应是讲述构思出来的情节怎么处理，比如“是用录音记录还是写下来”。选项G“Write out your ideas before you can develop them into a complete story.(把你的想法写下来，然后再把它们写成一个完整的故事)”提到将想法写下来，即对构思出来的情节的处理，且句中“write out”呼应下文的“freewriting (自由式写作)”以及“list (列举)”，前后衔接紧密。故选G项。 2．答案：A 解析：主题句“Write the summary of your story.”提出写故事摘要，设空句紧跟其后应该讲述这样做的意义。选项A“It gives the main points of the story.(它给出了故事的要点)”讲述了摘要的作用，主语it指代主题句中的“the summary of your story (故事摘要)”，前后呼应，符合语境。故选A项。 3．答案：E 解析：设空处为该段主题句。根据下文可知，该段的主题应是角色创建。选项E“Create character sheets for your main and supporting characters.(为你的主要和辅助角色创建角色表)”在句意上符合语境，贴合该段主题；在句式上使用祈使句，与前后的主题句保持一致。故选E项。 4．答案：C 解析：上文提到了故事冲突得到解决，同时提到了内部冲突，那么设空句应讲到外部冲突。选项C“External conflicts occur outside the character.(外部冲突发生在角色外部)”提到了外部冲突，与上文衔接紧密。故选C项。 5．答案：B 解析：根据该段主题句“Establish your setting.”可知，设空句应呼应“setting (背景)”这一主题，对其进一步解释。选项B“It is when and where your story takes place.(这是你的故事发生的时间和地点)”具体解释了“背景”是什么，且句中“when and where(何时何地)”呼应下文的“in a place or time period(地点或时期)”，符合语境，前后衔接紧密。故选B项。 $$