U1 Period 3 Using language-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语必修第三册同步导学案配套PPT课件（外研版）

必修第三册 Unit 1　Knowing me，knowing you Period 3　Using language 单元语法：过去分词(短语)作状语 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 核心语法 专项突破 课时作业 巩固提升 课堂检测 素养达标 关键能力 互动探究 核心语法 专项突破 动词的过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式，它具有动词的一些特点。同时，也具有形容词、副词的句法功能。在句中可以用作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等，一般表示动作的完成或被动的意义。 一、过去分词(短语)作状语的基本用法 1．过去分词(短语)作状语的功能 过去分词(短语)作状语时，主语与过去分词(短语)表示的动作之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。 ◆Given another chance, I will do it much better. 如果再给我一次机会，我会做得更好。 ◆The guest walked into the room, greeted by his owner. 客人一边和主人打招呼，一边走进了房间。 2．过去分词(短语)作状语的类型 过去分词(短语)作状语时，可以表示时间、条件、原因、让步、方式和伴随状况等。过去分词(短语)作方式状语和伴随状语时可以变成并列分句，作其他状语时可以变为相应的状语从句。 ◆Discussed many times, the problems were settled at last. ＝After the problems were discussed many times, they were settled at last. 多次讨论之后，这些问题终于解决了。(时间状语) ◆Given ten more minutes, we will finish the work perfectly. ＝If we are given ten more minutes, we will finish the work perfectly. 如果再多给我们10分钟，我们就会完美地完成这项工作。(条件状语) ◆Encouraged by the progress he has made, he works harder. ＝As he is encouraged by the progress he has made, he works harder. 由于受到所取得进步的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。(原因状语) ◆The old man walked into the room, supported by his son. ＝The old man walked into the room and was supported by his son. 这位老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。(方式状语) ◆The teacher came into the room, followed by two students. ＝The teacher came into the room, and he was followed by two students. 老师走进了这个房间，后面跟着两个学生。(伴随状语) 3．过去分词(短语)作状语的位置 过去分词(短语)作条件、原因、让步及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随、结果和方式状语时，通常放在句末。 二、过去分词(短语)作状语的注意事项 1．过去分词(短语)作状语时，有时为了强调，前面可带有连词，如：when、while、if、though、as if、unless等，构成“连词＋过去分词”结构，使句意表达得更清楚。 ◆Unless constantly repeated, the English words are easily forgotten. 这些英语单词很容易被忘记，除非不断重复(记忆)。 ◆When offered (＝When one is offered) help, one often says “Thank you.” or “It’s very kind of you.” 当被提供帮助的时候，人们常说“谢谢你”或“你真是太好了”。 2．过去分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，否则需加上自己的主语，构成独立主格结构。 ◆She was working attentively in her office, her eyes fixed on the computer. 她正专心致志地在办公室工作，眼睛紧盯着电脑。(fix的逻辑主语是her eyes) 3．有些形容词化的过去分词(短语)，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词(短语)常见的有：lost (迷失的)、 seated (就座的)、hidden (隐藏的)、 absorbed/lost in (沉浸于)、 buried in (埋头于)、 dressed in (穿着)、 tired of (厌烦)等。 ◆Absorbed/Lost in deep thought, he didn’t hear the bell. 陷入沉思，他没听到铃声。 三、过去分词(短语)与现在分词(短语)作状语的区别 语法 逻辑关系 时间概念 过去分词(短语)作状语 过去分词(短语)所表示的动作与句子主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动 过去分词(短语)所表示的动作往往发生于谓语动词所表示的动作之前，或表示“一种状态”，与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或存在 语法 逻辑关系 时间概念 现在分词(短语)作状语 现在分词(短语)所表示的动作与句子主语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示主动 现在分词(短语)的一般式(doing)表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生；现在分词(短语)的完成式(having done)表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前 ◆Seeing from the hill, you will find the city looks like a big garden. 从山上看，你会发现这座城市看起来像一座大花园。(see与句子的主语you之间是逻辑上的主谓关系) ◆Seen from the hill, the city looks like a big garden. 从山上看，这座城市就像一座大花园。(see与句子的主语the city之间是逻辑上的动宾关系) 关键能力 互动探究 1.annoyed adj.恼怒的，烦恼的 [教材原句] Prevented from playing her role in Riley’s emotional development, Sadness feels annoyed. 由于无法在莱莉的情感发展过程中扮演她的角色，“悲伤”感到恼火。 词汇精研 (1)be annoyed with sb.生某人的气 be annoyed about/at sth.因为某事而生气 be annoyed to do/that...因为……而生气 (2)annoy v．骚扰；惹恼；打搅 annoying adj.讨厌的；恼人的 annoyance n．[U]恼怒，烦恼；[C]使人烦恼的事 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①(2023·全国甲卷)You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice，the more you start to apply it to other，more __________ (annoy) situations. ②To my ___________ (annoy), nobody informed me that the meeting was put off until afternoon, which caused me to miss some important updates. annoying annoyance ③_________ (annoy) about his students’ attitude to study, the teacher criticised them severely. ④因为比赛失利，吉姆双手抱头，非常沮丧。 Because of the loss in the match, Jim put his head in his hands，_______________. (形容词短语作状语)(续写佳句之情绪描写) Annoyed greatly annoyed 2.adjust v.适应，(使)习惯 [教材原句] When Riley moves to a new city, she has a hard time adjusting to her new surroundings. 当莱莉搬到一个新城市时，她很难适应新的环境。 (1)adjust...to...调整……以适应…… adjust to (doing)sth.适应于(做)某事 adjust oneself to...使自己适应于…… (2)adjustment n．调整，调节 make an adjustment to...对……作出调整 (3)adjustable adj.可调节的 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic (按摩疗法) ____________ (adjust). ②The seats are ____________ (adjust); that is to say, you can adjust them to a certain angle or height according to your needs. adjustment adjustable ③了解到你在适应新的学校生活上存在困难，我写信想给你一些建议。 _________________________________________________________________________,I’m writing to give you some tips.(应用文佳句之建议信) Knowing that you have some difficulty adjusting (yourself) to the new school life 3.forgive v.原谅，宽恕 [教材原句] Try to forgive someone when they apologise. 当某人道歉时，试着去原谅他们。 (1)forgive sb. sth.原谅某人某事 forgive sb. for (doing)sth.原谅某人(做了)某事 (2)forgiveness n．原谅 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Please forgive me _____ my being unable to keep you company to the bookstore this afternoon because I have an unexpected meeting to attend. ②__________ (forgive) by the whole class for his unintentional mistake, he was able to regain their trust and friendship. ③他既内疚又羞愧，来到老师的办公室，当面恳求老师的原谅。 Guilty and ashamed, he came into his teacher’s office to ___________ _____________ face to face.(续写佳句之心理描写) for Forgiven beg for his forgiveness 4. embarrassment n.尴尬，难为情 [教材原句] This can cause embarrassment. 这会导致尴尬。 (1)to one’s embarrassment令某人尴尬的是 (2)embarrass vt.使难堪；使尴尬 embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的 (3)embarrassed adj.尴尬的；陷入困境的 be embarrassed to do sth.尴尬地做某事 be embarrassed about/at...对……感到尴尬 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/句式升级 ①(人教选必1U4)They may also hide their faces in their hands like they are _____________ (embarrass) or ashamed. ②His _____________ question made me feel greatly ____________. I felt my face burning with _______________．(embarrass) embarrassed embarrassing embarrassed embarrassment ③He was embarrassed that he had no idea of what was going on around him. →______________________________________________________________________________________________________________(主语从句) →_________________________________________________________________________(形式主语) What embarrassed him was that he had no idea of what was going on around him. It embarrassed him that he had no idea of what was going on around him. 课堂检测 素养达标 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．__________ (defeat) by their competitor, the football team didn’t give up and kept on practicing. 2．______ (drive)by a greater demand for electricity, the government have built more power stations using wind energy. 3．Not _________ (know) how to operate the machine，they turned to the expert for help. Defeated Driven knowing 4．All things ___________ (consider), not only does exercise benefit our health but it can also improve our learning efficiency. 5．Though _______ (face) with difficulties, the company held on and took the lead in 5G technology. 6．________ (raise) in the poorest area of this country, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star. considered faced Raised 7．The atmosphere is very tense, ________ (make) me so nervous that I almost forgot my lines. 8．___________ (disappoint) by the poor performance in this movie, he was going to have a nice meal. 9．Every evening after dinner, if not _______ (tire) from work, I will spend some time walking my dog. 10．__________ (equip) with the latest design, the product became a hit as soon as it entered the market. making Disappointed tired Equipped Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．他们俩都对未来充满了担心，不确定下一步该做什么。 ________________________，they are both uncertain about what to do next. 2．当被要求唱一首歌时，女孩犹豫了一会儿，然后害羞地点头同意了。 _________________________, the girl hesitated for a moment, and then shyly nodded in agreement. Worried about the future When asked to sing a song 3．受他的话激励，他们已经决定尽自己最大的努力去实现目标，无论可能遇到什么挑战。 ________________________________, they have decided to try their best to achieve their goals, regardless of the challenges they may encounter. 4．汤姆冲进屋子，他的脸藏在帽子下面，并迅速关上了身后的门。 Tom rushed into the house, ________________________ and quickly closed the door behind him. Inspired by what he said/his words his face hidden under his cap 5．尽管被提醒了多次，但我还是忘了上课的确切时间。 ______________________________________, I still forgot the exact time for class. Reminded/Although reminded many times 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．When _______ (ask) for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. 2．There are some health problems that, when not _________ (treat) in time, can become bigger ones later on. 3．Heavy rain struck the city in June, ________ (cause) traffic problems and flooding in several areas. asked treated causing 4．_______ (know) as “paper paintings” and “painted pictures”， New Year paintings are a unique art form in Chinese folk culture. 5．_______ (face) with a choice between arts and science, the girl didn’t know which to choose because she had a deep interest and talent in both areas. 6．_______ (base) on a true story, the book tells how a housewife turns into a professional lawyer. 7．When _______ (ask) why she came here, the girl held her breath and kept silent for a moment, as if struggling to find the right words. Known Faced Based asked 8．________ (satisfy) with the service that the businessman provided，the manager decided to cooperate with him. 9．_________ (found) in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children’s love of art by providing a rich and creative learning environment. 10．All these gifts ________ (buy), Tom left the shopping center immediately, _________ (look) forward to surprising his mother at her birthday party. Satisfied Founded bought looking Ⅱ.完成句子 1．坐落于小山上，这座美丽的古镇现在已经成了一个受欢迎的旅游胜地。 __________________，the beautiful old town has become a popular tourist attraction now. 2．因为对结果不满意，我们决定再做一遍这个实验。 _______________________, we decided to do the experiment again. Located on the hill Not satisfied with the result 3．受老师们的影响，越来越多的孩子喜欢上了户外活动。 ________________________, more and more children fall in love with outdoor activities. 4．当被问及是谁打破了窗户时，孩子们都屏住了呼吸，保持沉默。 ___________________________________, the children all held their breath and kept silent. Influenced by the teachers When asked who had broken the window Ⅲ.语篇填空 I never thought I was very talented at music, but my parents wanted me to learn to play the piano at the age of six.To be a good daughter, I agreed to learn even though I was not 1.___________ (attract) by it at all.However, after learning for about six months, I was doing pretty well.When 2._______ (ask) to perform at the year-end concert by my teachers, I was surprised and afraid but could only agree. attracted asked 3．________ (stare) at by many classmates, I walked onto the stage. I made a little mistake when 4.____________ (perform), but the entire audience broke into warm applause. I thought to myself at the time if 5._______ (give) another chance, I would play it better. 6.____________ (encourage) by the positive reaction of the audience, I have continued to play the piano and I enjoy it more every day. Stared performing given Encouraged Ⅳ.阅读理解 Towards the end of high school, one of my best friends and I had a fight. She told me I had no common sense, and I replied that she was childish. In a matter of minutes, we went from inseparable to very distant. We didn’t speak for most of our senior year. We both found other friends, avoiding each other like the plague. A few months after graduation, I learned that she was having some trouble. I sent her a message: “I’m still here, if you ever need me.” She replied shortly after. We reunited, and thus ended our friendship break. Friendship break-ups aren’t all that uncommon. People fight and grow apart. But a friendship break is a different story. While it is often healthy, sometimes it is also tough to control. Sometimes, like in my case, it happens suddenly and with no intention of reuniting. In other situations, it is more of a slow burn. Katie, 33, says she broke up with her best college friend after a few tense exchanges, like when the friend pressured Katie—then a graduate student on a tight budget—to go on an international trip. “We had probably been friends for ten years at the time of the break，” Katie says. “I felt that the relationship had stopped being enjoyable.” For four years, she and her friend sent only the occasional text messages. Then, a year and a half ago, the two women happened to move to the same town. “She asked whether I would like to meet，” Katie says, “and we took it slowly, speaking on the phone and going for lunch and a few nights out.” Once you reconnect, you may find that your friendship is totally different, for better or for worse. “A friendship break allows both friends to reassess the situation and see if they miss each other during the cooling-off period，” says sociologist Jan Yager. “When they do reconnect, it might be with a new perspective.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。朋友相处难免会产生矛盾，导致友谊中断，但这一中断期可以让双方重新审视彼此间的关系。 1．Why did the author break up with her friend? A．They had a big argument. B．Her friend befriended other students. C．Her friend avoided the author purposely. D．They got bored with playing with each other. 答案：A 2 3 1 4 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，高中快毕业的时候，作者和最好的一个朋友吵了一架，于是她们从形影不离变得疏远。故选A。have a big argument“大吵一架”。 2 3 1 4 2．Why did the author send her friend a message? A．She needed her help. B．She still cared about her. C．She intended to visit her. D．She wanted to share her story. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中作者发的信息的内容“I’m still here, if you ever need me.”可知，尽管友谊中断，但得知朋友遇到麻烦后，作者还是发去了信息，这说明她心里还记挂着昔日的朋友。故选 B。 2 3 1 4 3．What do we know about Katie and her friend? A．They rebuilt their friendship gradually. B．They have been friends for over ten years. C．They were eager to fix the broken friendship. D．They lost touch with each other after graduation. 答案：A 2 3 1 4 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“‘She asked whether I would like to meet，’ Katie says, ’and we took it slowly... a few nights out.’”可知，Katie和朋友碰巧搬到了同一个小镇，此后她们开始慢慢修复友谊。故选 A。 2 3 1 4 4．What’s Jan Yager’s opinion of the friendship break? A．It is a time for reflection. B．It usually results in reconnection. C．It is a necessary part of friendship. D．It will harm friendship in the long run. 答案：A 2 3 1 4 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“A friendship break allows both friends to reassess the situation... during the cooling-off period”可知，Jan Yager认为友谊中断期可以让双方在冷静期重新审视彼此间的关系。故选 A。 2 3 1 4 Ⅴ.语法填空 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章谈论了朋友的重要性，并谈论了真正的朋友难得，要更加珍惜。 In the distant past，friends relied on each other for their 1. ______ (survive).They hunted together and defended each other against dangerous animals and enemies. In those days，if you didn’t have a friend，you would either starve，be eaten 2. killed. 1．答案：survival 解析：考查词性转换。句意：在遥远的过去，朋友们依靠彼此生存。根据空格前for their可知，此处应用survive的名词形式survival，作介词的宾语，survival是不可数名词。故填survival。 2．答案：or 解析：考查并列连词。句意：在那些日子里，如果你没有朋友，你要么挨饿，要么被吃掉，要么被杀死。固定搭配either...or...意为“要么……要么……”。故填or。 Nowadays，friendship isn’t exactly 3. matter of life and death. However，friendship is still of great importance and not having a friend is something to be 4. (concern) about. Most people look upon a friend as someone they can depend on when they are going 5._________ times of trouble. In such times，friends provide them with emotional support and sometimes financial help. It is in these trouble times 6. they find out who their true friends are. As an old saying 7. (go)， “In times of prosperity，friends will be plenty； in times of 8._______(suffer)，not one in twenty.” And there is another saying that says you can hardly make a friend in a year，but you can easily upset one in an hour. So do your best 9. (get) along with and be grateful to all those who 10. (be) willing to side with you even when you are in the wrong as they are true friends. 3．答案：a 解析：考查冠词。句意：如今，友谊并不完全是生死攸关的问题。matter是可数名词，此处为单数，空格处应用不定冠词表示泛指，且matter的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。 4．答案：concerned 解析：考查词性转换。句意：然而，友谊仍然是非常重要的，没有朋友是值得担心的事情。根据空格前的系动词be可知，此处应填形容词作表语，固定搭配be concerned about意为“为……担忧”。故填concerned。 5．答案：through 解析：考查介词。句意：大多数人把朋友看作是他们在经历困难时可以依靠的人。固定搭配go through意为“经历(困难、困苦等)”。故填through。 6．答案：that 解析：考查强调句型。句意：正是在这些困难时期，他们才发现谁是真正的朋友。分析句子可知，此处为强调句，其基本结构为“It is/was＋被强调部分＋who/that＋句子的其他部分”，who 用于强调人，本句强调时间状语in these trouble times。故填that。 7．答案：goes 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：常言道：“顺境时，朋友多；苦难中，二十个中没一个。” 习惯表达as an old saying goes意为“正如一句老话所说”。根据句意可知，句子为一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，主谓需一致。故填goes。 8．答案：suffering 解析：考查词性转换。句意见上题。根据空格前的介词of可知，此处应填suffer的名词形式suffering，意为“痛苦”，为不可数名词。故填suffering。 9．答案：to get 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，要尽你最大的努力与那些即使在你有错误的时候也愿意站在你这一边的人相处并对他们心存感激，因为他们是真正的朋友。固定搭配do one’s best to do sth.意为“尽力做某事”。故填to get。 10．答案：are 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意见上题。根据下文中“are”可知，句子为一般现在时；分析句子可知，空格处为定语从句中的谓语，作为从句主语的引导词who替代的先行词those为复数概念。故填are。 $$