U2 Period 3 Reviewing Useful Structures-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第四册同步导学案配套PPT课件（人教版）

选择性必修第四册 UNIT 2　ICONIC ATTRACTIONS Period 3　Reviewing Useful Structures 单元语法：Review of past participles (复习过去分词) 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 核心语法 专项突破 课时作业 巩固提升 课堂检测 素养达标 核心语法 专项突破 [语法体会] 诵读下列例句并感知加黑部分的共性 (1)[教材原文]Located to the south of the equator, below many other countries on the globe, it's often informally referred to as “down under”． (2)[教材原文] I'm more interested in meeting people in Australia and experiencing their culture, food, and way of life. (3)[教材原文] Most of their musical instruments are really just sticks found on the ground, among which there is an amazing instrument called the didgeridoo. (4)[教材原文] A skilled player can play for a long time without stopping to breathe. (5)[教材原文] I tried to learn how to play it, but after trying for hours, I was convinced that I could never make a musical sound with this instrument! (6)[教材原文] Although the main cultural influence since 1788 has been Western culture, minority cultures have also played a part in shaping the unique Australian culture, with many of the new cultural influences contributed by immigrants. 1．加黑部分为过去分词作表语的是句______ 2．加黑部分为过去分词作定语的是句_______ 3．加黑部分为过去分词作宾语补足语的是句_____ 4．加黑部分为过去分词作状语的是句____ (2)(5) (3)(4) (6) (1) [知识精要] 一、过去分词的概念 过去分词是非谓语动词形式之一。过去分词保留着动词的部分特性，有完成和被动含义，和状语构成过去分词短语。在句法功能上，过去分词(短语)与形容词或副词作用类似，在句子中可充当定语、状语、宾语补足语、表语等成分。 二、过去分词作定语 1．过去分词作定语的意义 This science fiction published last year is popular with young men. 去年出版的这本科幻小说深受年轻人的欢迎。 This will be the best novel of its kind ever written. 这本小说将是这类小说中写得最好的。 The retired teacher enjoys spending time with his grandchildren. 那位退休的教师喜欢和他的孙子孙女们待在一起。 总结： 及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成。 2．过去分词作定语和现在分词作定语的区别 (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Thankfully, there was a long queue still waiting to board the bus. 幸好，还有很多人排队等着上车。 The players selected from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. 从全国选出的球员有望在今年夏天的比赛中为我们带来荣誉。 Developed countries often provide financial aid to developing countries to help with economic growth and poverty reduction. 发达国家经常向发展中国家提供财政援助，以帮助其经济增长和减少贫困。 总结： (1)过去分词表示被动；现在分词表示主动。 (2)过去分词表示动作已经完成；现在分词表示动作正在进行。 3．过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(being done)与动词不定式的被动语态(to be done)作定语的区别 The bridge being constructed across the river now will greatly improve traffic flow. 正在河上建造的桥将极大地改善交通流量。 The bridge constructed across the river last year greatly improves traffic flow. 去年在河上建造的桥极大地改善了交通流量。 The bridge to be constructed across the river next month will greatly improve traffic flow. 下个月在河上建造的桥将极大地改善交通流量。 总结： 形式 意义 语态 时态 done 被动 完成 being done 被动 进行 to be done 被动 尚未发生 三、过去分词作表语 1．过去分词作表语的意义 (2024·浙江1月卷)In her first P．E. class, Eva was shocked when Coach Pitt announced that everyone had to run one mile around the track outside. 在她的第一节体育课上，当皮特教练宣布每个人都必须绕着外面的跑道跑一英里时，伊娃感到震惊。 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. 然后，他尝试了针灸，这是一种古老的中国疗法，他惊讶地发现，经过两三次治疗后，他的病情有所好转。 总结： 作表语的过去分词多来自及物动词，用在系动词(如be，get，become，look，feel，seem，remain等)后面，多表示主语的状态或状况，它体现的是形容词的特性。 2．过去分词作表语与现在分词作表语的区别 The news is exciting. 这个消息令人兴奋。 We are all excited about the trip. 对于这次旅行，我们都很激动。 总结： 现在分词与过去分词所表示的意思不同，前者表示“令人……的”，后者则表示“感到……的”。 这类常见的动词有surprise，astonish，amaze，move，worry，interest，inspire，encourage等。 四、过去分词作补足语 能用作补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词，表示被动意义或已完成的意义，有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。在下面结构中常用过去分词作补足语。 The boy was found lost and couldn't find his way back. 有人发现那个男孩迷路了，找不到回去的路了。(主语补足语) The premier was glad to see this political problem solved in a peaceful way. 总理很高兴看到这个政治问题以一种和平方式得到解决。 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Being outdoors made me feel more inspired and creative. 置身于大自然中让我感到更加充满灵感和创意。 You shouldn't leave your work undone. 你不应留着工作不做。 I'd like this matter settled at once. 我希望此事立刻得到解决。 With the work finished，they went to Hainan for vacation. 完成工作后，他们去海南度假了。 [名师指津]　have/get sth.done结构有三种用法： (1)表示主语的意图，让别人为自己做某事，但别人是谁，往往不加说明； (2)有时主语也可能参与完成或解决某事； (3)表示“遭遇”，往往是对主语不利的意外事件或事故，这时的have不可用get替换。 I must have/get my hair cut. 我得找人给我理发了。 We'll have/get the house repaired. 我们将要修葺一下房子。 He had his bag stolen on the bus. 他的包在公交车上被偷了。 总结： 接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词和结构 (1)感官动词see，hear，notice，observe，watch，feel等及表示心理状态的动词find，consider，think，suppose等； (2)使役动词have，get，make，leave，keep等； (3)表示“意愿；命令”的动词(词组)，如like，want，wish，order，would like等，相当于过去分词前省略了to be； (4)在with复合结构中。 五、过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者。过去分词作状语时，可单独使用，也可以在其前面加上适当的连词(when，while，if，once，unless，although等)，可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随、方式等。 1．表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。 Accepted by the university (＝When he was accepted by the university), he was very happy. 被这所大学录取时，他非常高兴。 2．表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Inspired by the enthusiasm and encouragement(＝Because he was inspired by the enthusiasm and encouragement), David quickened his pace in high spirits. 在热情和激励的鼓舞下，大卫兴高采烈地加快了步伐。 3．表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if等词。 Given another chance (＝If he is given another chance), he will be superior to his brother. 再给他一次机会，他会做得比他哥哥更好。 4．表示让步，相当于一个though或although引导的让步状语从句。 Exhausted (＝Although/Though he was exhausted)，the premier kept dealing with political problems until midnight.尽管疲惫不堪，总理还是继续处理政治问题直到深夜。 5．表示方式或伴随情况。 The chairwoman came in，followed by her secretary (＝and she was followed by her secretary). 这个女董事长进来了，后面跟着她的秘书。 [名师指津]　有些过去分词因为来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动而表示状态。这样的过去分词(短语)常见的有lost (迷路)，seated (坐)，hidden (躲)，stationed (驻扎)，lost/absorbed in (沉溺于)，born (出生)，dressed in (穿着)，tired of (厌烦)。 Absorbed in reading the science fiction，he didn't hear the sound of the horn. 因为沉迷于读那本科幻小说，所以他没听到喇叭声。 课堂检测 素养达标 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Technological innovation，____________ (combine) with good marketing，will promote the sales of these products. 2．Ordinary soap，____________ (use) correctly，can deal with bacteria effectively. 3．(2023·北京卷)She called for action to address the struggles of people around the world ____________ (face) “too little water or too dirty water”． combined used facing 4．There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and ____________ (disappoint). 5．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)In cold weather, the structure stays ____________ (close) to protect the plants. 6．I was the first Western TV reporter ____________ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. disappointed closed　 permitted 7．(2023·全国甲卷)Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ____________ (intend) for everyone. 8．(2022·全国甲卷)A visually－challenged man from Beijing recently hiked 40 days to Xi'an, as a first step ____________(journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot. intended　 to journey Ⅱ.句型转换 1．The video filmed by a fellow passenger was posted on the Internet. →The video ______________________ by a fellow passenger was posted on the Internet. 2．Laughed at by many people, he continued his study. →____________________________________ by many people, he continued his study. that/which was filmed Although/Though he was laughed at 3．Children，when accompanied by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium. →Children，when _________________________ by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium. 4．Raised in the poorest area of Glasgow，he had a long，hard road to becoming a football star. →____________________ in the poorest area of Glasgow，he had a long，hard road to becoming a football star. they are accompanied Because he was raised 5．Heated, water can be turned into water vapour. →_____________________，water can be turned into water vapour. 6．The old man went into the room, supported by his wife. →_____________________________________and went into the room. If it is heated The old man was supported by his wife Ⅲ.完成句子 1．上周五，我们班邀请了一位年老的工艺师来教我们如何做中国结，这旨在弘扬中国文化。 Last Friday，our class invited an old craftsman to teach us how to make Chinese knots，______________________________________． 2．按照要求，我们开始小心翼翼地摘草莓，以免损坏一些植物。 __________________，we began to pick strawberries with caution for fear that some plants were destroyed. which was aimed at promoting Chinese culture As requested 3．决心向他学习，我早早起床认真背单词。 ______________________________，I got up early to recite words seriously. 4．得知我有机会参加这次活动，我感到很高兴。 I ____________________ that I have the opportunity to participate in the activity. 5．尽管被单独留在家里，但是珍妮一点都不害怕。 ______________________，Jenny didn't feel afraid at all. Determined to learn from him feel delighted to know Left alone at home 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Earth Day，____________ (mark) on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. 2．I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel ____________ (challenge). 3．From his ____________ (excite) look, we knew he'd been admitted to a key university ____________ (lie) in Shanghai. marked challenged excited　 lying 4．To his regret，he had to quit his final game with one of his legs seriously ____________ (injure). 5．____________ (lose) in thought，he almost fell into the water. 6．(2024·浙江1月卷)Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs ____________ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). injured Lost designed 7．Keeping the medicine ____________ (expose) to the sun for a long time will reduce its effect. 8．The old man looked very pleased to see his apartment beautifully ____________ (decorate). 9．____________ (translate) into English，the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. exposed decorated Translated 10．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Shanghai may be the ____________ (recognize) home of the soup dumpling, but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao's birthplace. recognized Ⅱ.阅读理解 Do you ever wonder about what the term “locally-grown food” means? Do you wonder where your food comes from? Locally-grown food and sustainability are on the rise, and it's important to know why this trend in farming matters. Hawaii, in particular, is a pretty isolated place.About 85 percent of food is imported.Much of what gets to their table depends on what comes to use by ship.Sometimes, one notices there is no milk or other product left at the grocery story because there is a problem with a barge (驳船). Steven Chiang, a professor from University of Hawaii, pointed out that in Hawaii, the cost of labor is high for people who might want to farm the land.Since many different groups or individuals own small pieces of land, getting access to farmland is also difficult. However, Chiang added, “there are many benefits to growing food locally on the islands and elsewhere.” For one, they can hold onto traditions and the types of food they like.Food in soil will have the chance to mature more, and maybe absorb more nutrition.Areas of land that might be used for other things, like new apartment or office buildings, can be preserved.Also, plants can extract the carbon dioxide in the air, benefiting the environment. Chiang said that there was more to locally-grown food than just those benefits.“Having local food helps make people aware of where their food comes from，” he said.When people are disconnected from the food system and don't know where their food comes from, there's a tendency to make potentially negative choices.“Because we're so efficient at shipping and importing，” he added, “We don't realize or know what it takes, and that can lead to poor decisions that can harm us all.” So what can you do? In Hawaii, there are many opportunities to volunteer at local farms.But in other areas around the world, you can do your part by supporting and buying locally-grown food.You can also help spread awareness by educating your friends and family.You can even grow your own food—in a container in your kitchen or in your backyard! [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文，主要讨论了本地种植食物的重要性和可持续性，以夏威夷为例，阐述了本地种植食物的优势和对环境及社会的影响。 1．What can be inferred about Hawaii's food supply? A．Hawaii relies heavily on imported food. B．Hawaii's cost of living is low for farmers. C．Hawaii's grocery stores are often short of milk. D．Hawaii's farmland is enough for all local needs. 答案：A 2 3 1 4 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Hawaii, in particular, is a pretty isolated place.About 85 percent of food is imported.”可以推断，夏威夷严重依赖进口食品。 2 3 1 4 2．Which is a benefit of growing food locally? A．Lowering the cost of local labor. B．Increasing the variety of imported food. C．Preserving land for non-agricultural use. D．Offering quick access to imported food. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Areas of land that might be used for other things, like new apartment or office buildings, can be preserved.”可知，本地种植食物的一个好处是可以为非农业用途保留土地。 2 3 1 4 3．What is Chiang's attitude towards locally-grown food? A．Negative.　　　　　　 B．Doubtful. C．Undecided. D．Favorable. 答案：D 2 3 1 4 解析：观点态度题。根据第五段中的“Chiang said that there was more to locally-grown food than just those benefits.”以及他对本地种植食物的各种好处的阐述可以推断，Chiang对本地种植食物持支持的态度。 2 3 1 4 4．What is the author's purpose of writing the last paragraph? A．To encourage gardening at home. B．To advocate sustainable practices. C．To promote local farming in Hawaii. D．To discourage buying imported food. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“In Hawaii, there are many opportunities to volunteer at local farms.But in other areas around the world, you can do your part by supporting and buying locally-grown food.You can also help spread awareness by educating your friends and family.You can even grow your own food—in a container in your kitchen or in your backyard! ”可知，作者提到在夏威夷可以去当地农场做志愿者，在其他地区可以支持和购买本地种植的食物，还可以教育朋友和家人来传播意识，甚至可以自己种植食物，其目的是倡导可持续发展的做法。 2 3 1 4 Ⅲ.完形填空 I'm standing on Rio's beach, one of the most famous 1 of sand.In this lively, multicultural country, the beach is not just a place；it's a state of mind—a way of thinking and living. Every Brazilian has his or her own ideas of the perfect beach, 2 to tell you where to find it.I'm happy to take their advice but my ultimate goal is to find my own dream beach.First, I go to Prainha's beach 3 by a row of perfect palm trees, moving softly in the ocean breeze.Its beauty is magnificent—its perfect graceful lines are like something in a 4 ．But for me, it's somewhat too perfect.I am searching for something a bit 5 ． I continue my search heading north to a legendary beach: Jeri.As an international destination, it attracts visitors from Tokyo to Toronto.Luckily, Jeri hasn't been 6 by tourists mostly because of its isolated (偏远的) location—at least five hours from any airport.I take a beach buggy (沙滩车), driving for three hours.The boats lie on their sides while nets 7 to dry on lines between fishermen's houses.Peaceful and beautiful! How can it possibly get any better? I 8 ． My final stop is the islands of Fernando, 9 a few hundred kilometers out in the Atlantic.They once were used as a prison and later by the army.Today, they are a national park and UNESCO World Heritage site, 10 with birds and sea life.The beach there is a perfect 11 of sand, sea, and sky.The water is pale blue and warm, alive with colorful fish, 12 ， and other marine life; the sand is the color of 13 ．In the rocks and strong winds that 14 come in from the Atlantic, there is the wilderness I was seeking.Finally, I've found the beach of my dreams.I 15 my toes in the sand deeply and imagine I can hold on to this place forever. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者探寻心目中最完美海滩的历程。在这段历程中，作者描绘了这些海滩的美丽和特点。 2 3 1 4 1．A.stretches　　　　　　　 B．piles C．beds D．castles 答案：A 解析：pile“一堆”；bed“(海等的)底”；castle“城堡”。根据上半句中的“on Rio's beach”可知，此处表示这是一块(stretch)最著名的沙滩之一。 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2．A.unwilling B．ambitious C．eager D．shy 答案：C 解析：根据上文“Every Brazilian has his or her own ideas of the perfect beach”以及下文中“I'm happy to take their advice”可知，每个巴西人对于完美的海滩都有自己的想法，他们渴望(eager)告诉你哪个海滩最佳，作者接受了他们的建议。unwilling“不愿意的”；ambitious“有雄心壮志的”；shy“害羞的”。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3．A.measured B．mixed C．wrapped D．lined 答案：D 解析：根据空后的“by a row of perfect palm trees”可知，一排排完美的棕榈树排列(lined)在沙滩上。measure“测量”；mix“混合”；wrap“包裹”。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4．A.postcard B．ship C．mirror D．shell 答案：A 解析：根据空前的“its perfect graceful lines”可知，它完美优雅的线条就像明信片(postcard)上的东西。ship“船”；mirror“镜子”；shell“贝壳”。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5．A.tender B．wild C．appealing D．familiar 答案：B 解析：根据上文中too perfect以及最后一段中“In the rocks and strong winds...there is the wilderness I was seeking.”可知，普赖尼亚的海滩对于作者来说太过于完美，最后作者发现了自己要寻找的狂野海滩，所以作者希望寻找一些更狂野的(wild)海滩。tender“温柔的”；appealing“吸引人的”；familiar“熟悉的”。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6．A.visited B．discovered C．damaged D．accepted 答案：C 解析：根据空后的“because of its isolated location”可知，由于Jeri海滩地处偏僻，所以并没有受到游客的破坏(damaged)。visit“参观”；discover“发现”；accept“接受”。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7．A.turn up B．fall off C．break down D．hang out 答案：D 解析：根据空后的“to dry on lines between fishermen's houses”可知，渔民把渔网挂在房子之间的绳子上晾干。hang out意为“晾晒(洗好的衣物)”符合语境。turn up“出现”；fall off“掉落”；break down“故障”。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 8．A.stop B．worry C．complain D．wonder 答案：D 解析：根据上句“How can it possibly get any better？”可知，作者思索(wonder)着，当前沙滩上的景象已经是最好的了，还怎样能够变得更好呢？stop“停止”；worry“担心”；complain“抱怨”。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9．A.wandering B．lying C．disappearing D．floating 答案：B 解析：根据空后的“a few hundred kilometers out”可知，该岛位于(lying)几百公里外的大西洋上。wander“徘徊”；disappear“消失”；float“漂浮”。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10．A.rich B．dangerous C．meaningful D．bored 答案：A 解析：根据空后的“with birds and sea life”可知，该处有丰富的(rich)鸟类和海洋生物。dangerous“危险的”；meaningful“有意义的”；bored“无聊的”。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11．A.relation B．balance C．exchange D．field 答案：B 解析：根据下文“The water is pale blue and warm, alive with colorful fish...the sand is the color of...”可知，那里的海滩是沙滩、大海和天空的完美平衡(balance)。relation“关系”；exchange“交换”；field“田地，领域”。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 12．A.monkeys B．turtles C．sharks D．pearls 答案：B 解析：根据空后的“and other marine life”可知，此处表示有海龟(turtles)以及其他海洋生物。monkey“猴子”；shark“鲨鱼”；pearl“珍珠”。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13．A.sky B．water C．honey D．diamond 答案：C 解析：根据空前的“the sand is the color of”并结合常识可知，沙子是蜂蜜(honey)的颜色。sky“天空”；water“水”；diamond“钻石”。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14．A.eventually B．surprisingly C．occasionally D．curiously 答案：C 解析：根据空前的“In the rocks and strong winds”可知，从大西洋偶尔(occasionally)吹来强风。eventually“最终地”；surprisingly“令人惊讶地”；curiously“好奇地”。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15．A.dig B．warm C．trap D．hurt 答案：A 解析：根据空后的“my toes in the sand deeply” 可知，作者把脚趾深深地埋在沙子里。此处dig 意为“将……戳进”，符合语境。warm“温暖”；trap“卡住”；hurt“伤害”。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ⅳ.语法填空 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了位于洛阳南伊河畔的龙门石窟是中国四大石窟之首，是联合国教科文组织认定的世界文化遗产。 Longmen Grottoes Set on the banks of the Yi River, 12 km south of the current Luoyang City, the Longmen Grottoes are ranked first of the Four Great Grotioes in China, together with Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, Yungang Grottoes in Datong and Mount Maiji Grottoes in Tianshui.They were also listed in the World Cultural Heritages and Relics by UNESCO in 2000. Located between the Xiangshan Mountain and the Longmen Mountain，with the Yi River flowing below, the Longmen Grottoes are 1. (harmony) with mountains, forests and rivers displaying a peaceful atmosphere.Viewing it at a distance, it looks like 2. natural gate, which gave it the name “Yique (the gate of the Yi River)”．According to the legend, 3. Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty climbed on Mount Mang north of Luoyang, he was very pleased and ordered the eastern capital 4. (build) here with its palace gate opposite the Yique.Thus, it came to be named “Longmen”． 1．答案：harmonious 解析：考查词性转换。 空处应填形容词harmonious“和谐的”，作表语。 2．答案：a 解析：考查冠词。 空处表示泛指，应用不定冠词，natural的发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。 3．答案：when 解析：考查状语从句。 空处应用when引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”。 4．答案：to be built 解析：考查非谓语动词。 order sb.to do“命令某人做某事”，动词build与capital构成被动关系，故用不定式的被动语态。 Longmen also houses 5. (rough) 2，860 stele inscriptions (碑刻), making 6. a treasure for ancient calligraphy study.In total, more than 100，000 Buddhist statues and niches 7. (carve) into the cliffs by ancient Chinese people ranging from the largest one, the Vairocana Buddha with a 8. (high) of 17.14 meters, 9. the smallest one of 2 centimeters. 5．答案：roughly 解析：考查副词。 空处应用roughly“大约，大致”在句中作状语修饰动词houses。 6．答案：it 解析：考查代词。 空处应填代词it指代上文出现的Longmen Gate。 7．答案：were carved 解析：考查时态、语态和主谓一致。描述过去发生的动作，句子应用一般过去时，动词carve与主语statues and niches构成被动关系，故用被动语态，主语为复数名词，be动词用were。 8．答案：height 解析：考查词性转换。 不定冠词a后应接单数名词height“高度”，a height of“……的高度”。 9．答案：to 解析：考查介词。 短语range from...to...“从……到……变化”。 10． (wander)in the Longmen Grottoes, one is amazed by the delicate carving skills, deep Buddhist culture and great art achievements of Chinese people. 10．答案：Wandering 解析：考查非谓语动词。 此处wander与one构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。 $$