U3 Period 2 Reading and Thinking-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第三册同步导学案配套PPT课件（人教版）

选择性必修第三册 UNIT 3　ENVIRONMENTAL　PROTECTION Period 2　Reading and Thinking—Language Points 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 课堂检测 素养达标 课时作业 巩固提升 词汇识记 1．graph n．图；图表；曲线图 We can get the information from the graph that Earth is getting warmer and warmer. 我们可以从图表中得到的信息是地球正变得越来越暖。 2．emission n．排放物；散发物；排放 Reducing emissions of methane and carbon dioxide is crucial to mitigating the effects of climate change. 减少甲烷和二氧化碳的排放对于减轻气候变化造成的影响至关重要。 3．melt vi.& vt.(使)融化；熔化；软化 As the climate warms, the ice caps will melt. 随着气候变暖，冰盖将融化。 4．starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死 They starved the prisoners and finally some of the prisoners died of starvation. 他们使囚犯挨饿，最终有一些囚犯饿死了。 starvation n．挨饿；饿死 5．seal n．海豹 Bears can't hunt seals as before because of the climate change, which indicates that the increase in temperature affects the Earth's ecology. 由于气候变化，熊不能像以前那样捕猎海豹，这表明温度的升高影响地球的生态。 6．ecology n．生态；生态学 ecological adj.生态的 ecologist n．生态学家 The ecologist's research focuses on the ecology of marine organisms. 这位生态学家的研究集中在海洋生物的生态学上。 Some ecologists advocate that we should adopt more ecological methods of farming to protect the environment. 一些生态学家主张我们应该采用更生态的耕作方法来保护环境。 7．release vt.& n．排放；释放；发布 As more and more greenhouse gases are released to the atmosphere，the global temperature is going up. 随着越来越多的温室气体被释放到大气中，全球气温正在上升。 8．methane n．甲烷；沼气 9．carbon n．碳 Both methane and carbon dioxide contribute to climate change by trapping heat in the atmosphere. 甲烷和二氧化碳都通过困住大气中的热量而导致气候变化。 dioxide n．二氧化物 carbon dioxide二氧化碳 10．habitable adj.适合居住的 habitat n．栖息地 The habitat of the insect is being destroyed and it has nearly died out. 因栖息地正受到破坏，这种昆虫几乎灭绝了。 Considering climatic conditions and geographical location, this area is considered habitable and suitable for human settlement. 考虑到气候条件和地理位置，这片区域被认为是可居住的，适合人类定居。 11．sustain vt.维持；遭受；承受住 The government should encourage businesses to invest more on sustainable energy. 政府应该鼓励企业加大对可持续能源的投资。 sustainable adj.可持续的；合理利用的 12．fossil n．化石 Reducing dependence on fossil fuels and developing and using clean energy have become challenges we are faced with. 减少对化石燃料的依赖，开发和使用清洁能源已成为我们面临的挑战。 fuel n．燃料；刺激性言行 fossil fuel化石燃料(如煤或石油) 13．comprehensive adj.全部的；所有的；详尽的 His works on the absurdity and sufferings of life create the most comprehensive irony. 他的作品对生活中的荒谬和苦难进行了最全面的反讽。 14．worldwide adv.遍及全球地 adj.世界各地的；影响全世界的 One in four people worldwide are without adequate homes. 世界上1/4的人没有足够的住房。 15．trend n．趋势；趋向；动向 The warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay. 这种变暖的趋势可能会持续下去，我们将会为此付出更高的代价。 16．frequently adv.频繁地；经常 frequency n．发生的频率，发生率 frequent adj.频繁的，经常的 A close relationship lies in frequent communication.In other words, communicating frequently is good for strengthening the bonds with others. 亲密的关系在于频繁的沟通。换句话说，经常沟通有助于加强与他人的联系。 The quicker it vibrates, the greater the frequency of sound it produces. 它振动得越快，发出的声音频率就越高。 17. broadcast vt.& vi.播送；广播；传播 n．广播节目；电视节目 The concert will be broadcast live on television and radio. 音乐会将通过电视和电台现场直播。 18．policy n．政策；方针；原则 Governments have made policies and taken measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. 各国政府已经制定政策并采取措施来减少温室气体排放。 19．footprint n．足迹；(某物所占的)空间量；面积 To help with the environment，we all need to look for ways to reduce our carbon footprint. 为了帮助解决环境问题，我们都需要寻找减少我们碳足迹的方法。 20. restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚 restriction n．限制规定；限制法规；约束 restrictive adj.限制性的 The government has restricted the number of visitors to the national park.Besides, there are restrictions on the hours that the park is open.The restrictive policies, in my opinion, have hampered economic growth. 政府限制了进入国家公园的游客数量。此外，公园开放的时间也有限制。在我看来，这些限制性政策阻碍了经济增长。 21．seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制 Seize the precious chance to improve yourself and you will achieve your dream one day. 抓住宝贵的机会来提升自己，总有一天你会实现你的梦想。 22．basin n．流域；盆地；盆 When he had finished washing, he began to wipe the basin clean. 他洗漱完后开始把水盆擦干净。 23．penguin n．企鹅 According to the statistics, thousands of baby penguins starved to death because of the climate change. 据统计，成千上万的小企鹅因气候变化饿死了。 24．reform vi.& vt.改革；(使)改正；改造 n．改革；变革；改良 China's economic success is due to the reform that China has undergone since 1978. 中国在经济上的成功要归功于中国自1978年以来所经历的改革。 25．implement vt.使生效；贯彻；执行 Don't limit yourself just because something looks too difficult to implement. 不要仅因为有些事情看起来很难执行而限制自己。 26．harmonious adj.和谐的 With such positive energy, our society will become more and more harmonious. 有了这种正能量，我们的社会将变得越来越和谐。 Every student in our class can live in harmony with foreign friends. 我们班的每个学生都能与外国朋友融洽相处。 harmony n．融洽，和睦；和谐，协调 27．moderate adj.适度的；中等的；温和的 vi.& vt.缓和；使适中 Watching TV is not necessarily toxic, but is something that has to be done in moderation. 看电视不一定是有害的，但必须适度。 moderation n．适度；合理 28．submit vt.& vi.提交；呈递；屈服 submissive adj.服从的；顺从的；恭顺的 submission n．提交(物)；呈递(书)；屈服 Remember to submit your application for the job and send your submission to the email address provided. 记得提交你的工作申请，并将你的提交材料发送到提供的电子邮件地址。 She has a submissive personality and often shows a submissive attitude towards others. 她有一种顺从的性格，经常对他人表现出顺从的态度。 29．annual adj.每年的；一年的 n．年刊；年鉴 The new tax has sliced annual bonuses by 30 percent. 由于征收新税，年度红利减少了30%。 annually adv.年度地 30．tropical adj.热带的；来自热带的 The warm climate favours many types of tropical plants. 温暖的气候对多种热带植物生长有利。 31．chaos n．混乱；杂乱；紊乱 He went tearing around the house again spreading chaos and destruction in his path. 他在屋子里到处乱闯，所到之处，一片混乱和破坏。 32．on behalf of代表(代替)某人 On behalf of everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back home. 我代表在场的每一个人，希望你归途愉悦。 33．nuclear adj.原子能的；核能的；原子核的 How to get rid of nuclear waste needs further research. 如何处理核废料有待进一步研究。 34．sensitive adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的 sensible adj.明智的；合理的；可觉察到的 sense n．感官；意义；意识 vt.感觉到，察觉到 This issue is very sensitive and should be handled with care. 这个问题非常敏感，应该谨慎处理。 She made a sensible decision to quit her job. 她做出了一个明智的决定，辞去了工作。 I have a sense that he's not being honest with us. 我感觉他没有对我们说实话。 35．jungle n．(热带)丛林；密林 The plane crashed in an area of dense jungle.There were no survivors. 飞机坠落在一个丛林茂密的地区，无人生还。 36．along with和……一起 She stressed the environmental threat caused by fishing lines，along with plastic pollution. 她强调了钓鱼线和塑料污染所造成的环境威胁。 37．have an impact on对……有影响 This will potentially have an impact on many sectors, from healthcare to agriculture. 这会对从医疗到农业等诸多领域产生潜在影响。 38．refer to指的是 When he delivered his speech on how to release the great pressure, he didn't refer to his notes. 当他发表关于如何释放巨大压力的演讲时，他没有参考他的笔记。 39．huge amounts of大量的 The server is designed to store huge amounts of data. 该服务器是为存储大量数据设计的。 40．be trapped in被困在…… I don't want to be trapped in my tiny little world, wasting the precious time. 我不愿陷在这狭小的天地，耗费如此宝贵的时间。 41．take action采取行动 For my part，it's about time that we should take action to deal with traffic problems and all that. 就我而言，是时候我们应该采取行动来解决交通问题了。 42．result in导致 Food allergies can result in an enormous variety of different symptoms. 食物过敏会导致大量不同种类的症状。 43．take responsibility for为……负责任 We are supposed to take responsibility for our own behaviour and shoulder the responsibility of protecting the environment. 我们应该对我们的行为负责，并承担起保护环境的责任。 44．bring about引起，导致 The Internet has brought about great changes in the way we learn. 网络给我们的学习方式带来了巨大的变化。 45．cause damage造成损失；造成损害 Some people worried that the rapid development of tourism might cause damage to the local environment. 有些人担心旅游业的迅速发展可能会破坏当地环境。 46．have an effect on对……有影响 A study suggests that having a pet dog not only raises your spirits but may also have an effect on your eating habits. 一项研究表明，养一只宠物狗不仅能振奋你的精神，还可能影响你的饮食习惯。 默写练习 【限时：20分钟】 Ⅰ.默写重点单词 1．____________ n．图；图表；曲线图 2．____________ n．排放物；散发物；排放 3．____________ vi.& vt.(使)融化；熔化；软化 4．____________ n．海豹 5．____________ vt.& n．排放；释放；发布 graph emission melt seal release 6．____________ n．甲烷；沼气 7．____________ n．碳 8．____________ n．二氧化物 9．____________ n．化石 10．____________ n．燃料；刺激性言行 11．______________ adj.全部的；所有的；详尽的 12．____________ adv.遍及全球地 adj.世界各地的；影响全世界的 methane carbon dioxide fossil fuel comprehensive worldwide 13．____________ n．趋势；趋向；动向 14．____________ vt.& vi.播送；广播；传播 n．广播节目；电视节目 15．____________ n．政策；方针；原则 16．____________ n．足迹；(某物所占的)空间量；面积 17．____________ vt.抓住；夺取；控制 18．____________ n．流域；盆地；盆 19．____________ n．企鹅 trend broadcast policy footprint seize basin penguin 20．____________ vi.& vt.改革；(使)改正；改造 n．改革；变革；改良 21．____________ vt.经历；经受(变化、不快等) 22．____________ vt.使生效；贯彻；执行 23．____________ adj.热带的；来自热带的 24．____________ n．混乱；杂乱；紊乱 25．____________ n．(热带)丛林；密林 reform undergo implement tropical chaos jungle 26．____________ vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死→____________ n．挨饿；饿死 27．____________ n．生态；生态学→____________ adj.生态的→____________ n．生态学家 28．____________ adj.适合居住的→____________ n．栖息地 29．____________ vt.维持；遭受；承受住→____________ adj.可持续的；合理利用的 starve starvation ecology ecological ecologist habitable habitat sustain sustainable 30．____________ adv.频繁地；经常→____________ n．发生的频率，发生率→____________ adj.频繁的，经常的 31．____________ vt.限制；限定；束缚→__________ n．限制规定；限制法规；约束→____________ adj.限制性的 32．____________ adj.和谐的→____________ n．融洽，和睦；和谐，协调 33．____________ adj.适度的；中等的；温和的 vi.& vt.缓和；使适中→____________ n．适度；合理 frequently frequency frequent restrict restriction restrictive harmonious harmony moderate moderation 34．____________ vt.& vi.提交；呈递；屈服→____________ n．提交(物)；呈递(书)；屈服 35．____________ adj.每年的；一年的 n．年刊；年鉴→____________adv.年度地 36．____________ adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的→____________ adj.明智的；合理的；可觉察到的→____________n．感官；意义；意识 vt.感觉到，察觉到 submit submission annual annually sensitive sensible sense Ⅱ.词形变化填空 1．Over three hundred people have died of ____________ (starve) since the beginning of the year. 2．Those findings suggest that caloric ____________ (restrict) could delay ageing and increase longevity in humans, too. 3．It is our government's strategies that maintain the ____________ (sustain) development of society. starvation restriction sustainable 4．It is the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that keep the Earth's climate warm and ____________ (habitat). 5．By this time she was in her nineties and needed help more and more ____________ (frequent). habitable frequently Ⅲ.默写核心短语 1．________________ 和……一起 2．________________ 指的是；提到；参考；涉及 3．________________ 采取行动 4．________________ 导致 5．_____________________ 为……负责任 6．________________ 对……有影响 along with refer to take action result in take responsibility for have an impact on 7．________________ 大量的 8．________________ 陷入困境；被困在…… 9．________________ 造成损失；造成损害 10．________________ 引起；导致 11．________________ 代表/代替某人 huge amounts of be trapped in cause damage bring about on behalf of Ⅳ.选词填空 从核心短语中选择合适的完成下列句子 1．It is time for the government to ____________ to address the issue of climate change. 2．Without doubt, the new policy will ______________ the economy. 3．Nowadays, cycling, ____________ jogging and swimming，is regarded as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. take action have an impact on along with 4．It is wise of the boss to spend _________________ time and money on research and development of his company. 5．A family of 4 is believed to ____________ their collapsed home near the epicenter (震中). huge amounts of be trapped in 词汇精研 1．starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死 (starving adj.挨饿的；即将饿死的 starvation n．饥饿；挨饿；饿死) [教材原文] An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died. 一位研究北极熊多年的专家说，从它尸体的位置看，这只北极熊似乎是饿死的。 (1)starve for渴望……；急需…… starve to death饿死 (2)die of/from starvation饿死，死于饥饿 (1)It is surprising that there are still many people in the world ____________ to death each year; that is，many people die of ____________．(starve) (2)看到你在论坛上说你渴望知识并且想来中国接受大学教育，我迫不及待地表示热烈欢迎。(应用文之回复信) Seeing your words in the forum that ___________________________ ________________________________ for college education, I can't wait to show my warm welcome. starving starvation you starve for knowledge and want to come to China 2．release vt.& n．排放；释放；发布 [教材原文] The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths. 热量以更长的波长释放回太空。 release ...from ...把……从……解脱/释放出来 go on release上映；发行 (1)[一词多义]写出下列句子中release的含义 ① I'm glad to hear that a new movie is to be released at nine this Saturday.____________ ②He was released from prison after serving two years of a five-year sentence.____________ ③It's said that the software is planned for release in April. ____________ 上映 释放 发布 (2)短视频平台可以展示我们的才能，释放我们的压力，从而越来越受到人们的欢迎。(写作话题之数字科技) Short video platforms ____________________________________， and thus they become more and more popular with people. can show our talent and release our pressure 3．restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚 (restriction n．限制规定，限制法规；约束 restricted adj.有限的；受限制的 restrictive adj.限制性的；约束性的) [教材原文] We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce.作为个人，我们也可以通过限制生活方式所产生的二氧化碳排放量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。 (1)restrict...to...把……限制在…… be restricted to限于 restrict sb./oneself to (doing) sth.约束某人(做)某事 (2)without restriction毫无限制 (1)To our disappointment, the new policy is very ____________(restrict) and limits our options. (2)The newly-opened swimming club is open to families in the neighbourhood without ____________ (restrict). restrictive restriction (3)为了保持健康，我尽量限制自己只吃健康的食物。(写作话题之饮食与健康) To keep fit，I'm trying to ________________________________． restrict myself to eating healthy food (4)关于网上学习，我们应该把玩电脑游戏和观看视频的时间限制在30分钟以内。只有严格的限制和自律，我们才能更有效地在网上学习。 As to online learning，_____________________________________ ______________________________________________________．Only ______________________________________ can we learn more efficiently online. we should restrict ourselves to playing computer games and watching videos for within 30 minutes with strict restrictions and self-discipline 4．seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制 [教材原文] It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.抓住每个机会来教育大家了解全球变暖及其原因和影响的知识是我们的责任，因为这是影响地球上所有人的最严重的问题。 (1)seize sb.by the＋身体部位 抓住某人的…… seize a chance/an opportunity抓住机会 (2)seize...by surprise突袭…… be seized with/by被(强烈的情感、愿望等)影响 (1)His unexpected coming seized me ____________surprise and I was rooted to the ground, speechless. (2)你应该抓住机会去参加这个活动，以提高你的整体能力。(应用文之建议信) You should __________________________ to participate in the activity to enhance your overall ability. by seize the chance/opportunity (3)汤姆兴奋地抓住我的胳膊，迅速跑到湖边，跳入湖中玩耍。(读后续写之动作描写) Tom excitedly ____________________________， rushed to the lake quickly and jumped into the water to play. seized me by the arm (4)随着熊的走近，恐慌立刻攫住了我，我一动也不敢动。(读后续写之恐惧表达) With the bear approaching，_________________________________ __________ and I was unable to move an inch. panic seized me/I was seized with/by panic 5.harmonious adj.和谐的 (harmony n．融洽；和谐；协调) in harmony with sb./sth.与某人/某物协调；与某人/某物和谐相处 live/work in harmony融洽地生活/工作 (1)Making friends can help us establish good interpersonal relationships, and build a ____________ (harmony) society. (2)Though students in our dormitory come from different places, we live together ____________ harmony. harmonious in (3)让我们为创造一个绿色和谐的环境共同努力！(应用文之倡议书) Let's make our joint efforts _________________________________ ______________________！ to create a green and harmonious environment 6.submit vt.& vi.提交；呈递；屈服 [submissive adj.服从的，顺从的，恭顺的submission n．提交(物)；呈递(书)；屈服] [教材原文] According to the report submitted by researchers, between 20 and 25 percent of all annual carbon dioxide emissions are caused by the destruction of tropical forests.根据研究人员提交的报告，每年二氧化碳排放量的20%到25%是由对热带雨林的破坏造成的。 submit sth.to sb.提交/呈递某物给某人 submit (oneself) to...顺从；屈服 (1)She is a strong-willed person who never submits herself ____________ failure. (2)Thank you for considering my ____________ (submit), and I look forward to seeing the exhibition come to life through the contributions of fellow students. (3)请在截止日期前向公司提交申请表。(应用文之招聘) Please ________________________________________ before the deadline. to submission submit your application forms to the company 7．sensitive adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的(sensible adj.明智的；合理的；可觉察到的sense n．感官；意义；意识 vt.感觉到，察觉到) [教材原文] Why is nuclear power a sensitive topic? 为什么核能是一个敏感话题？ (1)be sensitive to对……敏感 (2)be sensible of...意识到…… (3)a sense of...……感 make sense有道理；讲得通 make sense of理解 (1)She has a strong sense ____________ justice and her dream is to be a lawyer. (2)She is very sensitive ____________ others' feelings.That's why she is often in low spirits. (3)If you are not ____________ (sense) of the dangers of your position，you will suffer a lot sooner or later. of to sensible (4)把这篇文章读了几次之后，我终于理解了作者的主要观点。 After reading the article several times，________________________ _______________________． I finally made sense of the author's main points 句式剖析 1．There is little/no doubt that...毫无疑问…… [教材原文] There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph).毫无疑问，地球正在变得越来越暖和(见图表)。 (1)此句中“There is little doubt that...”表示“毫无疑问……”，其中that引导同位语从句。 (2)doubt用作名词时，在肯定句中用whether (不可用if)引导同位语从句；在否定句中用that引导同位语从句，如： There is some doubt whether...……有些疑问 There is no doubt that...……是毫无疑问的 (3)doubt用作动词时，在肯定句中后多跟if或whether引导的宾语从句；在否定句或疑问句中后跟that引导的宾语从句，如： I doubt whether/if...我怀疑…… I don't doubt that...我毫不怀疑…… (1)I doubt ____________ he is qualified for the position advertised in the newspaper. (2)No one doubts ____________ computers are playing an increasingly important part in our daily lives. (3)毫无疑问，在我们的共同努力下，我们的星球会变得越来越美丽。(应用文之倡议书) ________________________________________________________ ______________ with us working together. whether/if that There is no/little doubt that our planet will become more and more beautiful 2.介词(短语)引导虚拟语气 [教材原文] Without this process，Earth could not sustain life.没有这个过程，地球就无法维系生命。 (1)本句中without this process表示一个含蓄条件句，主句为与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。 (2)在含蓄虚拟结构中，如果是与现在或将来事实相反的假设，则主句谓语动词用“would/could/might＋do”；如果是与过去事实相反的假设，则主句谓语动词用“would/could/might＋have done”。 (3)含蓄条件句还可以用but for，otherwise，or，but等词或短语来引导。 (1)If it hadn't been for your help, we couldn't have finished the work ahead of time. →__________________________， we couldn't have finished the work ahead of time. But for/Without your help (2)我感谢我的英语老师，如果没有他，我就不可能在英语方面取得这么大的进步。(写作之人物介绍) I thank my English teacher, without whom ____________________ ________________________________. I couldn't have made such great progress in English (3)谢谢你的及时帮助；否则我们现在就会有很大的麻烦了。(应用文之感谢信) Thank you for your timely help；_____________________________ ___________ now. otherwise we would be in great trouble 课堂检测 素养达标 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．This ticket allows you to travel anywhere without ____________ (restrict). 2．There is no doubt ____________ car emissions have become a big problem，especially in cities. 3．Additionally，____________ your help, I would not have been a top student in English. restriction that without 4．I was about to fall off the cliff when my father reached out his strong hand and seized me ____________ the arm. 5．It's normal that everyone starves ____________ success, but only those who work hard can achieve it. 6．I released the hummingbird ____________ the spiders' web and it seemed as if the bird were smiling at me to convey its gratitude to me. by for from Ⅱ.完成句子 1．毫无疑问，应该立即采取行动制止不必要的浪费。 _________________________________________________ to stop unnecessary waste. 2．我们将每个班的学生限定为10人。 We ____________________________ per class to 10. There is no doubt that immediate actions should be taken restrict the number of students 3．得知他被理想的大学录取了，他被幸福攫住了。 Learning that he was admitted into his ideal university, ____________ __________________________． 4．没有你的认可和指导，我就不会写好这篇文章。 __________________________________， I couldn't have written this article. he was seized with/by happiness Without your recognition and guidance 5．我现在压力很大，关于如何释放压力，我渴望得到你的帮助。 I feel greatly stressed and as to how to release stress，______________________． I starve for your help 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．He says there's a golden opportunity for peace which must be ____________． 2．Would you please keep quiet? The weather report is being ____________ and I want to listen. 3．Scientists have forecast that the ice at the poles is beginning to ____________ and it's possible that the sea level could rise. seized broadcast melt 4．In response to the severe traffic pressure, many city authorities have started to ____________ the use of private vehicles. 5．The government has introduced a new energy ____________ (政策) to facilitate the use of renewable resources. 6．These days there is a growing ____________ (趋势) for college students to have difficulties in finding jobs when they graduate. restrict policy trend 7．The new model electric car ____________ (经历，经受) many safety tests before it was released to the public. 8．No matter how ____________ (频繁地) performed, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. underwent frequently Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．Many people faced ____________ (starve) as a result of the drought. 2．Evidence suggests that Mars may have been more ____________ (habitat) in the past. 3．We were delayed at the airport；otherwise, we ______________ (be) here by lunchtime. starvation habitable would have been 4．The number of club members is restricted __________ ten, so it is difficult to be admitted to the club. 5．If everyone can offer a willing hand, our society will become more ____________ (harmony). 6．How to maintain ____________ (sustain) development is a matter of significant importance facing all countries. to harmonious sustainable 7．We should be kind to one another, which is essential to enjoying a ____________ (harmony) life. 8．He is one of the gifted athletes who will take part in the Olympic Games ____________ behalf of our country. harmonious on Ⅲ.完成句子 1．毫无疑问，我们必须对空气污染有足够的重视。 _____________________________________ must be paid to the problem of air pollution. 2．关于如何学好英语，我建议你应该抓住一切机会去练习英语。 With regard to how to learn English well, I suggest that _____________ ____________________________________． There is little/no doubt that enough concern you should seize every opportunity to practise English 3．个人生活中的微小变化可以对整个社区产生影响。 Small changes in an individual's life can _________________________ _______________． have an impact on the whole community Ⅳ.阅读理解 A Seen any unseasonably early daffodils (水仙花) showing their faces yet? UK spring flowers are opening nearly a month earlier than before the mid-1980s, due to climate change. That is the conclusion of a study of nearly 420，000 observations of the first flowering date of 406 plants from a UK citizen science project called Nature's Calendar.It has records dating back to 1753 from gardeners and naturalists, as well as bodies such as the Royal Meteorological Society. Ulf Büntgen at the University of Cambridge and his team found that plants were opening their flowers 26 days earlier on average in the years after 1986.They picked that year as it was the mid-point in the data set—where they had about the same number of observations before and after.The analysis included records of all plants, whatever time of year they flower, but most of them (like the daffodils) bloom in spring.“It is likely that the influence of climate change will be greater for spring-flowering plants, for in spring the usual beginning of warmer temperatures that can cause flowering starts earlier，” says a spokesperson for the Royal Horticultural Society.There was a bigger advance in the dates of the first blooms of smaller plants, with those less than 20 centimeters high flowering an average of 32 days earlier in the years after 1986. In any year, flower opening times are closely connected with the average temperature of the months from January to April.“If it's warmer, it's an earlier beginning.If it's cooler, it's a later one，” says Büntgen.The average maximum temperature across those four months rose by 1.1℃， a conclusion from comparing the period from 1950 to 1986 with the years after 1986. “The change could hurt insects, birds and other wildlife that have evolved to synchronize (同步) with the flowering of certain plants，” says Büntgen. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了由于气候变化，英国的气温升高，导致花儿提早开放。 2 3 1 4 1．What can we know about the study? A．It can date back to 1753. B．It was based on plentiful data. C．It only covered spring flowers. D．It was conducted by naturalists. 答案：B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“That is the conclusion of a study of nearly 420，000 observations of the first flowering date of 406 plants”可知，这项研究是基于大量的数据。故选B项。 2 3 1 4 2．Why did researchers pick the year 1986? A．It was in the middle of the data set. B．It was a memorable year for Ulf Büntgen. C．Flowering was first recorded in 1986. D．Flowers began to bloom earlier in this year. 答案：A 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They picked that year as it was the mid-point in the data set—where they had about the same number of observations before and after.”可知，这一年前后所做的观察数量基本相等，所以选这一年。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 3．What will be discussed in the following paragraph? A．Measures to be taken to stop climate change. B．The influences of flowers' early blooming. C．Creatures' adaptation to climate change. D．The reasons for flowers' early blooming. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The change could hurt insects, birds and other wildlife”可以推测出，接下来文章会讲春花提早开放对于昆虫、鸟类和其他野生动物的影响。故选B项。 2 3 1 4 4．Where can we probably find the text? A．In a guidebook. B．In science fiction. C．In a geography textbook. D．In a science magazine. 答案：D 2 3 1 4 文章出处题。根据第一段的内容以及文章主要内容可以推测出，文章最可能出自科普杂志。故选D项。 2 3 1 4 B Sustainability was a hot topic at the Paris Air Show, the world's largest event for the aviation industry, which faces increasing pressure to reduce the climate-changing greenhouse gases that aircraft emit.Even the massive orders at the show got an emission-reduction perspective: Airlines and producers said the new planes would be more fuel-efficient than the ones they replaced.However, most of those planes will burn conventional kerosene-based jet fuel. Some companies are working on electric-powered aircraft, which are seen as a way to reduce the environmental effects of the aviation industry, providing zero emissions and quieter flights.However, they are still some way off from widespread commercial use.That means sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) has become the industry's best hope of achieving its promise of net zero emissions by 2050.SAF, however, accounts for just 0.1% of all jet fuel.Made from sources like used cooking oil and plant waste, SAF can be mixed with conventional jet fuel but costs much more. With such a limited supply of SAF, critics say airlines are making overly ambitious promises and exaggerating how quickly they can ramp up the use of SAF.The industry even has skeptics: Nearly one-third of aviation sustainability officers in a GE Aerospace survey doubt whether the industry will hit its net zero goal by 2050. Across the Atlantic, a consumer group called BEUC filed a complaint against the European Union's executive arm, accusing 17 airlines of greenwashing.The group says airlines are misleading consumers and breaking rules on commercial practices by encouraging customers to pay extra to help finance the development of SAF and offset future carbon emissions created by flying.In one case, the group's researchers found Air France charging up to 138 euros for the green option. “SAF is indeed the biggest technological potential to decarbonize the aviation sector, but the main problem is that it isn't available.We know that before the end of the next decade—at least—it won't be available in massive quantities，” said Dimitri Vergnc, a senior policy officer at BEUC. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讨论了航空业面临的可持续发展挑战，特别是关于可持续航空燃料(SAF)的使用以及航空业如何减少温室气体排放的问题。 5．What did airlines and producers emphasize at the Paris Air Show? A．Ways of reducing fuel consumption. B．Improvement in planes' safety performance. C．Environmental friendliness of their new planes. D．Efficiency of conventional kerosene-based jet fuel. 答案：C 6 7 5 8 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Sustainability was a hot topic at the Paris Air Show, the world's largest event for the aviation industry...Airlines and producers said the new planes would be more fuel-efficient than the ones they replaced.”可知，航空公司和制造商在巴黎航展上强调了新飞机的环保性。故选C。 6 7 5 8 6．Why does the author mention electric-powered aircraft? A．To stress the necessity of developing SAF. B．To highlight the future of the aviation industry. C．To show efforts made to achieve net zero emissions. D．To explain their advantages over traditional aircraft. 答案：A 6 7 5 8 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Some companies are working on electric-powered aircraft, which are seen as a way to reduce the environmental effects of the aviation industry...However, they are still some way off from widespread commercial use.That means sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) has become the industry's best hope of achieving its promise of net zero emissions by 2050.”可推知，作者提到电动飞机是为了强调可持续航空燃料(SAF)已成为航空业实现2050年净零排放承诺的最大希望。故选A。 6 7 5 8 7．What does the underlined phrase “ramp up” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Stop.　　　　　　 B．Limit. C．Balance. D．Increase. 答案：D 6 7 5 8 词义猜测题。根据画线短语的上一句“With such a limited supply of SAF, critics say airlines are making overly ambitious promises”可推测，航空公司夸大了其增加SAF使用的速度，由此可知，画线短语和“增加”词义相似。故选D。 6 7 5 8 8．Where does the text most probably come from? A．An airline ad. B．A study result. C．A news report. D．A science paper. 答案：C 6 7 5 8 文章出处题。根据文章内容可知，文章主要介绍了巴黎航展上的热点话题，包括航空业面临的减排压力、可持续航空燃料(SAF)的使用情况、电力驱动飞机的潜力以及消费者对航空公司绿色营销行为的质疑。这些内容通常出现在新闻报道中，旨在向公众传达当前社会、经济或科技领域的重要事件和趋势。故选C。 6 7 5 8 Ⅴ.阅读七选五 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在过去的25年里，南极洲40%以上的冰架已经减少，这可能会使更多的陆地冰流入海洋，从而加速海平面上升。文章还介绍了这一现象的产生可能和气候变化有关。 1 2 3 4 More than 40 percent of Antarctica's ice shelves have reduced in the past 25 years, potentially accelerating sea level rise by allowing more land ice to flow into the ocean. 1 They play a critical role in slowing the flow of ice on land into the ocean by essentially acting as a wall and surround nearly the entire coastline of Antarctica.When ice shelves thin or retreat (消退), ice on the land can flow into the ocean more quickly and accelerate sea level rise. 5 1 2 3 4 A．Then it can gain ice from the land and grow again. B．Ice shelves are massive floating sections of ice extending from glaciers on land. C．The east is not as exposed to the warm water like the other side of the continent. D．The thinning of the ice shelves has shown up in the surrounding environment, too. E．Ice shelves, not just the big ones, are steadily losing mass over time with no sign of recovery. 5 1 2 3 4 F．One theory is that the warmer water on the western side could be slowly coming in the region. G．Additionally, climate models predict ice shelves will steadily shrink in a warming world as observed, eventually hitting a tipping point for ice sheet collapse. 答案：B 5 下文“They play a critical role...accelerate sea level rise.”说明了南极冰架的作用。空处引出下文，介绍了什么是南极冰架。B项中的“Ice shelves”是下文they所指代的对象，说明冰架是从陆地冰川延伸出来的巨大漂浮冰块，它们起着重要的作用。故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 Healthy ice shelves naturally retreat and grow over time.An ice shelf is continuously flowing and advancing but will also lose mass through melting or calving, which is when its front breaks off into the ocean. 2 But the large portion of steadily shrinking ice shelves shows this natural cycle is off. 1 2 3 4 5 A．Then it can gain ice from the land and grow again. B．Ice shelves are massive floating sections of ice extending from glaciers on land. C．The east is not as exposed to the warm water like the other side of the continent. D．The thinning of the ice shelves has shown up in the surrounding environment, too. E．Ice shelves, not just the big ones, are steadily losing mass over time with no sign of recovery. 1 2 3 4 5 F．One theory is that the warmer water on the western side could be slowly coming in the region. G．Additionally, climate models predict ice shelves will steadily shrink in a warming world as observed, eventually hitting a tipping point for ice sheet collapse. 答案：A 1 2 3 4 5 上文“Healthy ice shelves naturally retreat and grow over time.An ice shelf is continuously flowing and advancing but will also lose mass through melting or calving, which is when its front breaks off into the ocean.”说明冰架可以自然地消退和增长。空处承接上文，表明冰架会融化或崩解，也会再次生长。A项中的“gain ice from the land and grow again”和上文“naturally retreat and grow over time”相呼应。故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 In West Antarctica, the Getz Ice Shelf experienced some of the biggest ice losses, shedding 1.9 trillion tons of ice over the study period.Most ice shelves in East Antarctica however, increased in volume or stayed the same. 3 The region is protected by a band of cold water at the coast, which helps keep nearby warm water at bay.Even so, the study still showed pockets of shrinking ice shelves, and researchers are still investigating the reasons. 4 1 2 3 4 5 A．Then it can gain ice from the land and grow again. B．Ice shelves are massive floating sections of ice extending from glaciers on land. C．The east is not as exposed to the warm water like the other side of the continent. D．The thinning of the ice shelves has shown up in the surrounding environment, too. E．Ice shelves, not just the big ones, are steadily losing mass over time with no sign of recovery. 1 2 3 4 5 F．One theory is that the warmer water on the western side could be slowly coming in the region. G．Additionally, climate models predict ice shelves will steadily shrink in a warming world as observed, eventually hitting a tipping point for ice sheet collapse. 答案：C 1 2 3 4 5 上文“Most ice shelves in East Antarctica however, increased in volume or stayed the same.”以及下文“The region is protected by a band of cold water at the coast, which helps keep nearby warm water at bay.”说明南极东部大部分冰架的体积都在增加或保持不变是因为附近的温水没有进入。空处承接上文，说明南极东部大部分冰架的体积都在增加或保持不变的原因。C项符合语境。故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 In West Antarctica, the Getz Ice Shelf experienced some of the biggest ice losses, shedding 1.9 trillion tons of ice over the study period.Most ice shelves in East Antarctica however, increased in volume or stayed the same. 3 The region is protected by a band of cold water at the coast, which helps keep nearby warm water at bay.Even so, the study still showed pockets of shrinking ice shelves, and researchers are still investigating the reasons. 4 1 2 3 4 5 A．Then it can gain ice from the land and grow again. B．Ice shelves are massive floating sections of ice extending from glaciers on land. C．The east is not as exposed to the warm water like the other side of the continent. D．The thinning of the ice shelves has shown up in the surrounding environment, too. E．Ice shelves, not just the big ones, are steadily losing mass over time with no sign of recovery. 1 2 3 4 5 F．One theory is that the warmer water on the western side could be slowly coming in the region. G．Additionally, climate models predict ice shelves will steadily shrink in a warming world as observed, eventually hitting a tipping point for ice sheet collapse. 答案：F 1 2 3 4 5 上文“Even so, the study still showed pockets of shrinking ice shelves, and researchers are still investigating the reasons.”说明研究人员在调查该区域冰架缩小的原因。空处承接上文，F项中的“One theory”和上文的“investigating the reasons”相呼应，表明调查的一个原因可能是西区的暖水正慢慢进入该地区。故选F。 1 2 3 4 5 The current ice shelf data set is not long enough for researchers to definitively make climate change connection yet, but it would be a “remarkable coincidence” if the natural variability in ice shelves were just that much larger. 5 But we don't need to hit it before seeing an effect on the planet. 1 2 3 4 5 A．Then it can gain ice from the land and grow again. B．Ice shelves are massive floating sections of ice extending from glaciers on land. C．The east is not as exposed to the warm water like the other side of the continent. D．The thinning of the ice shelves has shown up in the surrounding environment, too. E．Ice shelves, not just the big ones, are steadily losing mass over time with no sign of recovery. 1 2 3 4 5 F．One theory is that the warmer water on the western side could be slowly coming in the region. G．Additionally, climate models predict ice shelves will steadily shrink in a warming world as observed, eventually hitting a tipping point for ice sheet collapse. 答案：G 1 2 3 4 5 上文“The current ice shelf data set...if the natural variability in ice shelves were just that much larger.”说明虽然数据还不足以明确地将冰架减少和气候变化联系起来，但是因为冰架的变化非常大，所以还是推测和气候变化有关。空处进一步表明这一观点。G项中的Additionally和上文是递进关系，表明人类也在气候模型的帮助下推测出气候变暖让冰架不断减少，最终会达到冰盖崩塌的临界点。G项符合语境。故选G。 1 2 3 4 5 $$