UNIT 3 Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking—Language points 课时测评-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义配套练习（人教版2019）

课时测评10　Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking—Language points (时间：45分钟　满分：63.5分) (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [语境基础练] Ⅰ.根据汉语意思或首字母提示填入单词的适当形式(每小题1分，共10分) 1．The rise in food prices results from the increased use of crops for fuel (燃料)，according to a World Bank report. 2．The president's speech was broadcast (广播) on television and the Internet. 3．The government has promised to clean up industrial emissions (排放物). 4．However，biologists calculate that there are about 20，000－25，000 polar bears worldwide (遍及全球地). 5．The graph (图表) shows how house prices have risen since the 2000s. 6．We all need to look for ways to reduce our carbon footprint (足迹). 7．The snow showed no sign of melting(融化). 8．I'm sure I can seize (抓住) this golden chance to cooperate with him. 9．The chemical plant was closed because large quantities of waste water were released into the Yangtze River by it. 10．There has been a recent trend in the food service industry towards a lower fat content and less salt. Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空(每小题1分，共6分) 1．Starvation (starve) brings biochemical changes in the body. 2．The earliest studies have suggested a link between calorie restriction (restrict) and slowing aging. 3．A large international meeting was held with the aim of promoting sustainable (sustain) development in all countries. 4．The house should be habitable (habitat) by the new year. 5．Host and guests frequently (frequent) raised their glasses during the feast. 6．He has written a fully comprehensive (comprehension)guide to Rome. Ⅲ.完成句子(每小题3分，共15分) 1．阴雨天气持续了几天，破坏了我们的野餐计划。(分词短语作状语) The rainy weather lasted for a couple of days，thus ruining_our_plan_for_a_picnic． 2．毫无疑问，它可以增强人们的健康意识。(doubt) There's_no/little_doubt_that it can enhance people's consciousness of health. 3．这次活动受到了大家的好评，因为它不仅给我们提供了锻炼的机会，而且让我们更有凝聚力。(not only...but also) The activity was highly spoken of，because not_only_did_it_provide_a_chance_for_us_to exercise/it_not_only_provided_a_chance_for_us_to_exercise，but_also_made_us_more_cohesive． 4．我们应该抓住机会努力工作来实现我们的目标。(seize) We should seize_the_chance/opportunity_to_work_hard to achieve our goal. 5．他渴望尝试每个人都在谈论的新过山车。(starve) He__starved__to_try the new roller coaster everyone was talking about. [素能提升练] Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2024·乐清知临中学高二检测) In my everyday life，I am on an ongoing journey to figure out different ways to reduce my carbon footprint on the planet.A carbon footprint is the measure of influence our activities have on the environment，in particular climate change.It is calculated by the amount of greenhouse gas we produce in our daily lives.Fortunately，nowadays it is much easier to make eco­friendly lifestyle choices than，let's say，20 years ago.But one question has been on my mind a lot lately：is it better to buy new eco­friendly products or used traditionally produced goods? After doing some research，I have decided that some things are better new and others are better used.Let me try to explain. A carbon footprint is made up of two parts，the primary footprint and the secondary footprint.The primary footprint is a measure of our direct emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the burning of fuels，including household energy consumption and transportation.The secondary footprint is a measure of the indirect CO2 emissions from the whole lifecycle of products we use—those related to their production and breakdown. Based on this understanding，we have a good deal of control and responsibility over our carbon footprint.Things like dishes，clothes and furniture fall into the “secondary footprint” group，so less is more and we can focus on finding used goods to avoid the added production. However，for the car and the other appliances (设备) that we need we can go with new，energy­saving models.I heard somewhere that electronics and appliances give off 90% of their carbon footprint after they leave the factory.So it seems most reasonable to go for the energy­saving models.The main concern here is the amount of energy that goes into the making of new products and whether or not that extra carbon is worth the_footprint the product will make once it gets to you. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了作者一直致力于践行环保的生活方式、寻找减少碳足迹的方法。 1．What is the text mainly about? A．What appliances to buy to save energy. B．What a carbon footprint means in our life. C．How to identify different carbon footprints. D．How to make eco­friendly lifestyle choices. 答案：D 解析：主旨大意题。文章第一段提到了作者寻求环保的生活方式来减少碳足迹，由此引出碳足迹的概念。第二段中又提到作者在做了一些研究之后得出结论——不同的物品要区别对待。接下来的段落分别举例哪些产品适合用最新的节约版本，哪些适合沿用老产品，由此可知，本文主要讲述了如何选择环保的生活方式，故选D。 2．What do we know about the secondary carbon footprint? A．It is related to our consumption of fuels. B．It is made when we are buying the products. C．It is less harmful than the primary carbon footprint. D．It is counted as ours though not directly made by us. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，第二碳足迹是对于我们所使用产品的整个生命周期(包括产品的生产和分解)的间接二氧化碳排放量的度量，由此可知，第二碳足迹虽然不是由我们直接造成的，但也算作我们的碳足迹的一部分。故选D。 3．Which of the following helps reduce our carbon footprint according to the author? A．Using second­hand textbooks. B．Using old and expensive cars. C．Buying new but cheap clothes. D．Buying new wooden furniture. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Things like dishes ...added production.”可知，像盘子、衣服和家具之类的东西属于“第二碳足迹”，这一类的东西越少越好，所以可以集中精力寻找二手货，以避免增加生产从而降低我们的碳足迹，故排除C、D选项；再根据“However，for the car... go with new，energy­saving models.”可知，车辆还是用新的节能款比较好，可以降低我们的碳足迹，故排除B选项。故选A。 4．The underlined words “the footprint” in the last sentence refer to the CO2 produced in ________． A．using the product B．recycling the product C．making the product D．transporting the product 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“...and whether or not that extra carbon is worth the footprint the product will make once it gets to you.”可知，那些额外的碳(排放)是否值得这个产品在到你手里之后所产生的碳足迹，因此此处“the footprint”指的是在使用产品的时候产生的碳足迹。故选A。 B (2024·河南省濮阳市高二质量检测) Gardeners who use pesticides are contributing to the decline of British songbirds，a study suggests.Scientists have urged people to stop “spraying their gardens with poisons” in order to halt bird decline and adopt instead wildlife­friendly practices.The results of the University of Sussex study，which researchers call the first of its kind，were published in the journal Science of the Total Environment. The experiment，which surveyed 615 gardens in Britain，found 25% fewer house sparrows when glyphosate (草甘膦) was used regularly.This is an ingredient found in commonly used herbicide (除草剂) brands such as Roundup or Gallup.Slug pellets (鼻涕虫杀虫剂) also seemed to have an impact on bird sightings；in gardens where Slug pellets were used，house sparrow numbers were down by almost 40%. Prof.Dave Goulson，of the school of life sciences at the University of Sussex，said，“The UK has 22 million gardens，which collectively could be a fantastic refuge for wildlife，but not if they are overly tidy and sprayed with poisons.We just don't need pesticides in our gardens.Many towns around the world are now pesticide free.We should simply ban the use of these poisons in urban areas，following the example of France.” The Royal Horticultural Society，the UK's leading gardening charity，said the use of pesticides and herbicides should be avoided if possible and they should only be used，if ever，in small and targeted applications. The research also found that those who adopted wildlife­friendly practices such as planting native shrubs and flowers or digging a wildlife pond，saw more birds than those who did not.Cannelle Tassin de Montaigu，a PhD researcher within the school of life sciences and an author of the study，said，“It's encouraging to find that simple measures，such as planting native shrubs and trees and creating a pond，together with avoiding the use of pesticides，really make a measurable difference to the number of birds you will see in your garden.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究发现，使用杀虫剂造成英国鸣禽数量减少。为遏制这一趋势，科学家们向英国的园丁们介绍了一些合适的环保做法。 5．What does the underlined word “halt” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean? A．Stop. B．Attract. C．Note. D．Witness. 答案：A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Gardeners...their gardens with poisons”可知，杀虫剂的使用造成了鸣禽减少，科学家呼吁人们停止使用这些杀虫剂。由此推知，科学家呼吁的目的在于遏制这一趋势，阻止鸣禽数量减少，故halt意为“阻止，制止”，与A项意思相近。故选A项。 6．Why are the statistics mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．To reveal the severe influence of pesticides on birds. B．To compare the effects of two kinds of pesticides. C.To convince readers of the importance of house sparrows. D．To help gardeners choose the proper pesticides. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“The experiment...down by almost 40%.”可知，本段通过列数据说明了两种杀虫剂成分导致英国花园中的鸣禽数量大幅减少。由此推知，列出数据是为了证明第一段中研究者所得到的发现，即杀虫剂严重影响了英国的鸣禽。故选A项。 7．What can be inferred from Prof.Dave Goulson's words? A．The ideal places for wildlife in the UK are extremely tidy gardens. B．The gardens in the UK are so tidy that pesticides are not needed. C．Pesticides should be prohibited from use throughout the UK. D．Some countries like France have made urban areas pesticide free. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中Dave Goulson教授所说的话可推知，像法国这样的一些国家已经禁止城市地区使用杀虫剂。故选D项。 8．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Alternative methods to keep gardens tidy. B．Assistant ways to increase the number of birds. C．Gardeners' attitudes towards the experiment. D．Other researchers' interest in the experiment. 答案：B 解析：段落大意题。根据最后一段内容可知，本段主要介绍了增加鸟类数量的辅助方法。故选B项。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2024·四川省眉山市高二检测) Research shows that with 2℃ of global warming we will have more disasters like droughts，floods，wildfires and storms.Unless we act immediately to reduce greenhouse gas emissions，we won't be able to escape the worst consequences of climate change.This can seem depressing.__1__．Here are some ways you can be part of the climate solution： ·Transform your transport __2__．So many governments across the world are taking action to reduce carbon emissions in transport.You can get a head start.Leave your car at home and walk or cycle whenever possible.If the distances are too great，choose public transport，preferably electric options.If you must drive，offer to carpool with others so that fewer cars are on the road. ·__3__ To reduce your food's carbon footprint，buy local and seasonal foods.You'll be helping small businesses and farms in your area and reducing fossil fuel emissions associated with transport and cold chain storage.Go one step further and try growing your own fruit，vegetables and herbs.__4__． ·Don't waste food One­third of all food produced is either lost or wasted.People waste 1 billion tons of food each year，which accounts for around 8－10 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions.Avoid waste by only buying what you need.Take advantage of every edible (可食用的) part of the foods you buy.Be creative with leftovers，share extras with your friends and neighbours.__5__．It's a best option for managing organic waste while also reducing environmental impacts. A．Grow your own food B．Shop local and buy sustainable C．Transport is a typical example of human activities D．But the good news is that there's a lot we can still do as individuals E．Traffic accounts for around a quarter of all greenhouse gas emissions F.You can plant them in a garden，on a balcony or even on a window sill G．Make compost (堆肥) out of inedible parts and use it to fertilize (使肥沃) your garden 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要提出了一些个人可以减少气候影响的方法和建议。 1．答案：D 解析：根据上文“Research shows...This can seem depressing.”以及下文“Here are some ways you can be part of the climate solution”可知，上文提到了全球气候变暖的后果令人沮丧，下文则提到了解决办法，因此本句为过渡句，与上文构成转折，指出作为个人也可以采取行动减少气候影响。故D选项“但好消息是，作为个人，我们仍然可以做很多事情”符合语境，故选D。 2．答案：E 解析：根据下文“So many governments...so that fewer cars are on the road.”可知，下文提到世界各地的许多政府都在采取行动减少交通运输中的碳排放，因此本句是在说明交通排放温室气体的情况。故E选项“交通排放的温室气体约占温室气体排放总量的四分之一”符合语境，故选E。 3．答案：B 解析：根据下文“To reduce ...buy local and seasonal foods.”可知，本段的主旨是建议购买当地的食物，B选项中local对应下文local。故B选项“在当地购物，购买可持续产品”符合语境，故选B。 4．答案：F 解析：根据上文“Go one step...vegetables and herbs.”可知，上文建议自己尝试种植植物，本句为本段最后一句，故说明种植的地方，F选项中them指代上文fruit，vegetables and herbs。故F选项“你可以把它们种在花园里、阳台上、甚至窗台上”符合语境，故选F。 5．答案：G 解析：根据上文“Take advantage...with your friends and neighbours.”以及下文“It's a best option...reducing environmental impacts.”可知，上文提到了充分利用可食用部分，故本句主要是在就如何处理不可食用的剩菜提出建议，故G选项“把不可食用的部分做成堆肥，用来给花园施肥”符合语境，故选G。 学生用书第81页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$