U2 Period 3 Learning About Language-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第三册同步导学案配套PPT课件（人教版）

选择性必修第三册 UNIT 2　HEALTHY　LIFESTYLE Period 3　Learning About Language—Discover useful structures 单元语法：Infinitives as the subject (动词不定式作主语) 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 核心语法 专项突破 课时作业 巩固提升 课堂检测 素养达标 核心语法 专项突破 [语法体会] 诵读下列例句并感知黑体部分的共性 (1)To change bad habits is never easy，even with many attempts. (2)To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager's life is essential. (3)However，during this period，it can be easy for some of them to form bad habits. 我的发现： 1．以上三句中黑体部分的动词不定式都作 。 2．第三句中的it作 主语，真正的主语是动词不定式。 主语 形式 [知识精要] 一、动词不定式作主语的基本用法 1．动词不定式作主语，表示某一次具体的、特定的或有待实现的动作。 To finish the work in a week is impossible.(表示将来) 要在一周内完成这项工作是不可能的。 [注意]　(1)表示单一概念的动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness one can seek. 爱与被爱是一个人所能寻找的最大的幸福。 (2)动词不定式的被动形式是to be done。 To be appointed as monitor of his class by his headteacher made him excited. 被班主任任命为班里的班长使他很兴奋。 2．it作形式主语，真正的主语(动词不定式)后置，常用于下列句式中： (1)It＋be＋名词(a pity/a shame/a pleasure/one's duty/an honour/...)＋to do sth. It is our duty to try our best to deal with these problems.尽力处理这些问题是我们的责任。 (2) It takes sb.＋ some time ＋to do sth. How long did it take you to finish the work? 完成这项工作花费了你多长时间？ (3)It be＋形容词＋for sb.＋to do sth. It is hard for him to finish the work in three days. 对他来说，在三天内完成这项工作很难。 [注意]　强调动作特征的形容词，如easy，difficult，hard，important，possible，wise等，常用于此句型。为了强调动词不定式动作的执行者，常在动词不定式前加for sb.。 (4)It be＋形容词＋of sb.＋to do sth. “It is kind of you to help others，” the teacher says. 老师说：“你帮助其他人，真是太善良了。” [注意]　表示心理品质或性格特征的形容词，如kind，nice，stupid，clever，foolish，polite，impolite，silly，selfish，considerate等，常用于此句型，动作的逻辑主语与这些形容词可以构成主系表结构，因此这样的句式也可转化为“sb.＋be＋形容词＋动词不定式”。 3．“疑问词＋动词不定式短语”作主语 When and where to hold the meeting is still unknown. 在何时何地举行会议仍不清楚。 To be honest, how to get there on time is my great concern. 说实话，如何按时到达那里是我最担心的问题。1 二、动词不定式与动名词作主语的区别 1. 不定式作主语 往往表示具体的或一次性的动作 动名词作主语 表示一般或抽象的行为动作 To teach you the uses of the infinitives is my job today.(表示具体行为) 教你们动词不定式的用法是我今天的工作。 Teaching is my job.(表示抽象行为) 教学是我的工作。 2．下列句型中常用动名词作主语。 在“It is＋no use/no good/useless/a waste of time...”句型中常用动词-ing形式作真正的主语。 It is no use waiting here doing nothing. 无所事事地在这里等待是没有用的。 课堂检测 素养达标 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．____________ (lie) on the beach in summer can make you relaxed. 2．It is no good ____________ (wait) here for a long time. 3．It is necessary for us ____________ (master) some basic living skills. 4．It's a great honour ____________ (invite) to your birthday party. Lying waiting to master to be invited 5．It's very nice ____________ you to get me two tickets for the World Cup. 6．Whether ____________ (hold) a party this weekend hasn't been known yet. 7．____________ (climb) the mountain road was hard work but to go down the hills was great fun. 8．It will take a nutrition specialist an hour ____________ (make) a balanced diet for you. of to hold To climb to make Ⅱ.用动词不定式作主语完成下面短文 1．________________________ (英语说得流利) is my dream. However, I am aware that it is difficult 2.______________________ (流利地说英语).So I asked my English teacher for help.She gave me some advice.First of all，it is necessary for me 3.________________ ___________________ (尽可能多地说英语).Besides, it is very important 4._____________________________ (练习正确的发音).All in all，it is possible for me 5.______________________ (擅长英语口语) if I'm hard－working enough. To be fluent in English to speak English fluently to speak English as much as possible to practice correct pronunciation to be good at oral English 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.完成句子 1．我很荣幸与你们分享我对如何更有效地上网课的看法。(it作形式主语) ________________________________________________ on how to take online courses more effectively. 2．被一所重点大学录取是我一直追求的目标。 ________________________________ is the goal I have been pursuing. It is a great honour for me to share with you my opinions To be admitted to/into a key university 3．他真粗心，竟然打碎了那个贵重的杯子。 It was careless of him ____________________________________. 4．哭没有用，只有努力才能改变你现在糟糕的处境。 __________________， and it is hard work that can change your present terrible situation. to have broken the valuable cup It is no use crying 5．已经决定什么时候举行水果采摘活动了。(疑问词＋to do) ____________________________________ has been decided. 6．读完这本书要花费你两个小时。 It will take you two hours ____________________________． When to hold the fruit-picking activity to finish reading the book Ⅱ.阅读理解 A study following nearly 30，000 older adults for more than 10 years has found six key healthy lifestyle factors can significantly reduce memory loss and those adults engaging in between four and six of the healthy lifestyle behaviors could dramatically reduce their risks of developing dementia (痴呆), even when carrying genes that increase their risks of Alzheimer's disease. “Six healthy lifestyle aspects were assessed: a healthy diet, regular physical exercise, active social contact, active cognitive (认知的) activity, never smoking, and never drinking alcohol，” the researchers explained in the new study.Participants were classified (分类) into the favorable group if they had four to six healthy lifestyle factors, into the average group for two to three factors, and into the unfavorable group for zero to one factor. The study found that people with four to six healthy habits had a much slower loss of memory than those with fewer healthy habits.People with these good habits were also much less likely to get dementia than those with one or no healthy habits.Those who had two or three good habits were 30% less likely to get dementia. The study didn't figure out which of the six healthy habits was the best for stopping dementia or which combination was the best.However, the information did show that eating healthily seemed to help prevent memory loss the most, with brain exercise and regular physical exercise also very helpful. About 20% of the people in the study had a gene that makes Alzheimer's disease more likely.Even so, having several good health habits helped slow down memory loss.This shows that changing how we live can really help. Even though each healthy habit helped in a different way, overall, the study found that people with more good health habits had much less memory loss than those with fewer good habits.This suggests that the choices we make in how we live can help protect our memory.The study adds to the evidence that we might be able to change our risk of memory loss. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项长期的研究结果发现了健康的生活方式对老年人记忆力减退和痴呆风险的影响。 1．What were the groups categorized based on? A．The participants' age. B．What hobbies the participants got rid of. C．The healthy lifestyles the participants had. D．What the participants' attitudes to factors were. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，分类的依据是参与者的健康的生活方式。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 2．What can we infer from paragraph 3? A．The favorable group was happier than the other two. B．More healthy lifestyles were of more benefit to health. C．Healthy habits had little impact on memory or dementia. D．People with a healthy diet wouldn't suffer a loss of memory. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The study found that people with four to six healthy habits had a much slower loss of memory than those with fewer healthy habits.People with these good habits were also much less likely to get dementia than those with one or no healthy habits.(研究发现，拥有四到六个健康习惯的人比那些没有健康习惯的人记忆力衰退的速度要慢得多。拥有这些好习惯的人也比那些只有一个或没有健康习惯的人更不容易患痴呆症)”可知，更健康的生活方式对健康更有益。故选B项。 2 3 1 4 3．Which plays the second greatest role in reducing memory loss? A．A healthy diet. B．Active social contact. C．Active cognitive activities. D．Never drinking alcohol. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“However, the information did show that eating healthily seemed to help prevent memory loss the most, with brain exercise and regular physical exercise also very helpful.”可知，在减少记忆丧失方面起着第二重要的作用是大脑锻炼和定期体育锻炼，也就是积极的认知活动。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Healthy Lifestyles Slow Memory Loss B．A Study Makes a Great Breakthrough C．A Healthy Diet Is the Best Lifestyle D．Old Adults Suffer from Health Problems 答案：A 2 3 1 4 标题归纳题。根据第一段的内容以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了健康的生活方式对老年人记忆力减退和痴呆风险的影响，故选A项。 2 3 1 4 Ⅲ.完形填空 Caring 17-year-old Lauren Schroeder was inspired to help bring healthy food to needy families in her community.When she was just 14, she volunteered at a local 1 to help fill boxes for people in need with canned and packaged food.She felt something was missing: fresh vegetables.“I thought it would be great to 2 that，” Lauren told the Washington Post about her motivation to grow and 3 homegrown produce. This 4 teen then told her parents of her desire to start a garden on their family farm.Initially, while proud of her daughter's 5 ， Lauren's mother, Katie, admitted to some 6 ， wondering how much work this would mean. Coming from a farming family, Lauren had some 7 with agriculture, but she had never tried growing 8 at scale (规模).She 9 plants online, checking the instructions on how to take care of each crop.She then secured a 10 from the National FFA Organization, which supports 11 education, to cover seeds (种子) and gardening supplies. And importantly, Lauren didn't 12 from hard work.During Iowa's hot and dry summers, she had to 13 her crops for around three hours daily.She also 14 checked for harmful insects, and bent down to pick her green bean crop, the most challenging vegetable to harvest in her opinion. With assistance from her family, Lauren has donated more than 7，000 pounds of homegrown produce in the past two years.She has also won the 15 of her community. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个17岁的女孩Lauren Schroeder是如何受到启发并决定帮助她所在社区的需要帮助的家庭获得健康食品的故事。 2 3 1 4 1．A.factory　　　　　　　 B．school C．shelter D．shop 答案：C 根据上文的“she volunteered”以及空后的“help fill boxes for people in need with canned and packaged food”可推测，Lauren是在当地收容所做志愿者。故选C。 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2．A.examine B．tolerate C．discover D．change 答案：D 根据上文“She felt something was missing: fresh vegetables.”可知，Lauren觉得食品中缺少蔬菜。而根据本段首句“Caring 17-year-old Lauren Schroeder was inspired to help bring healthy food to needy families in her community.”可知，她想改变这一状况。故选D。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3．A.donate B．promote C．purchase D．process 答案：A 根据最后一段“With assistance from her family, Lauren has donated more than 7，000 pounds of homegrown produce in the past two years.”可知，Lauren种植蔬菜的目的是捐赠给当地有需要的人家。故选A。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4．A.honey-mouthed B．kind-hearted C．good-mannered D．open-minded 答案：B 根据上文“Caring 17-year-old Lauren Schroeder was inspired to help bring healthy food to needy families in her community.”以及“Lauren told the Washington Post about her motivation to grow and 3 homegrown produce.”可知，Lauren是个热心肠的、善良的女孩。故选B。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5．A.reputation B．hobby C．vision D．agenda 答案：C 根据上文“This 4 teen then told her parents of her desire to start a garden on their family farm.”可知，Lauren将自己的想法告知了父母。由此可知，她的妈妈是为女儿的想法感到骄傲。故选C。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6．A.mistakes B．truths C．regrets D．concerns 答案：D 根据空后的“wondering how much work this would mean”可知，Katie对女儿的想法也感到担心，因为她不知道这意味着要做多少工作。故选D。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7．A.familiarity B．difficulty C．doubt D．patience 答案：A 根据空前的“Coming from a farming family”可知，Lauren来自农民家庭。由此可知，她对农业还是有点熟悉的。故选A。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 8．A.fruits B．vegetables C．grains D．trees 答案：B 根据上文可知，Lauren对农业有所了解；而根据下文内容可知，她还得去网上寻求帮助，查看如何照顾农作物。由此可判断，Lauren并未大规模种植过蔬菜。故选B。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9．A.mentioned B．shared C．ranked D．researched 答案：D 根据空后的“checking the instructions on how to take care of each crop”可推测，她是在网上研究如何种植农作物。故选D。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10．A.title B．place C．fund D．plan 答案：C 根据下文的“to cover seeds and gardening supplies”可知，她从该组织获得资金，用来购买种子和园艺用品。故选C。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11．A.agricultural B．cultural C．environmental D．special 答案：A 根据上文的“the National FFA Organization”以及空后的“to cover seeds and gardening supplies”可知，该组织支持农业教育。故选A。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 12．A.fall off B．set apart C．shy away D．go back 答案：C 根据下文内容“During Iowa's hot and dry summers，...the most challenging vegetable to harvest in her opinion.”可知，Lauren凡事都亲力亲为，由此可知，她从未回避艰苦的工作。故选C。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13．A.gather B．water C．observe D．plant 答案：B 根据空前的“During Iowa's hot and dry summers”以及常识可知，在炎热干燥的夏季，她需要给庄稼浇水。故选B。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14．A.frequently B．impatiently C．occasionally D．leisurely 答案：A 根据下文的“the most challenging vegetable to harvest in her opinion”可知，这项工作最具有挑战性。由此可知，她需要频繁地检查有害昆虫，采摘绿豆作物。故选A。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15．A.interest B．admiration C．welfare D．competition 答案：B 根据空前的“With assistance from her family, Lauren has donated more than 7，000 pounds of homegrown produce in the past two years.”以及全文内容可知，她的善举应该是赢得了社区人们的钦佩。故选B。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ⅳ.语法填空 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了豆腐起源于中国，然后又传到日本等东亚国家。豆腐在全球流行起来却花了较长一段时间，现在豆腐以一种现代的方式被世人所食用。 Legend has it that tofu was discovered by a health-conscious Chinese prince named Liu An more than 2，000 years ago when he 1. (make) an elixir (灵丹妙药). He realized that soy milk left in certain conditions coagulated (凝固) and developed a pudding-like substance and that was the beginning of tofu. 1．考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。结合句意可知，刘安在制药的过程中发明了豆腐，表示动作正在进行中，用过去进行时；make与he之间是主动关系；主语是第三人称单数，系动词用was，故填was making。 答案：was making It's 2. (universal) believed that monks visiting China brought tofu to neighbouring countries like Japan. 2．考查词性转换。修饰谓语动词应用副词，故填universally。 答案：universally 3． East Asia has been eating tofu for more than 1，000 years，it took a lot longer for it to catch on globally.Benjamin Franklin，one of the United State's founding fathers，wrote a letter 4. some soybeans attached while he was in London，praising it as a“Chinese cheese”in 1770.The letter was one of the earliest documents on record 5. mentioned tofu in the West. Li Shizeng, 6. enthusiast of tofu，is often credited with making tofu a more widely accepted food outside of Asia.It's said that he was the first sent by the Chinese government to attend a French military school. He ended up 7. ________ (study) at the agricultural school in Montargis and was 8.____________ (passion)about promoting tofu in France. 3．考查连词。根据句意可知，此处表示“尽管东亚人吃豆腐已有 1 000多年了，但它在全球流行起来却花了更长的时间”，故填While或Although或Though。 答案：While/Although/Though 4．考查介词。分析句子结构并根据句意可知，此处考查with复合结构，表示Franklin在伦敦时写了一封信，信上附着一些黄豆，故填with。 答案：with 5．考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句且在从句中作主语，先行词指物，且因为先行词有形容词最高级修饰，故空处只能填关系代词that。 答案：that 6．考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，此处表示泛指，又因enthusiast的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。 答案：an 7．考查非谓语动词。end up doing为固定搭配，意为“以……而告终”，此处指他最终在Montargis的农业学校学习。 答案：studying 8．考查词性转换。根据句意可知，此处表示他热衷于在法国推销豆腐，故填passionate。 答案：passionate Nowadays, tofu 9. (serve) in a modern way.In many fine dining restaurants，the tasting menu is designed around its textures.The dishes and ingredients change according to the seasons.For example，in one of the restaurants，the current menu starts with the texture“silken”， 10. (represent) by tofu. 9．考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语nowadays并结合句意可知，此处陈述的是现在的情况，应用一般现在时；句子的主语tofu与serve之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；因为主语tofu为不可数名词，谓语动词应用单数形式，故填is served。 答案：is served 10．考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作非谓语，represent与the texture “silken”之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故填过去分词represented。 答案：represented $$