U1 Period 4Using Language-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第二册同步导学案配套PPT课件（人教版）

选择性必修第二册 UNIT 1　SCIENCE　AND　SCIENTISTS Period 4　Using Language 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 细读文本 落实要素 单元写作 能力提升 细读文本 落实要素 Part 1　教材原文助读 THE FATHER OF CHINA'S AEROSPACE① Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China's aerospace science than Qian Xuesen.Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic② and served his homeland with effort，achievement，and devotion③，Qian was an extremely well-respected man. 画线部分中包含“否定词＋比较级”结构，该结构表示最高级含义。 过去分词短语described by the...devotion作状语。过去分词短语中who was patriotic...devotion为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词man；with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit”为介宾短语作定语，把定语从句与先行词man分开了。 ①aerospace/'eərəʊspeIs/n.[U]航空航天工业 ②patriotic/ˌpeItri'ɒtIk/adj.爱国的 ③devotion n．[U，sing.]献身，奉献；忠诚；热爱 devotion to...对……的奉献/献身(to后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式) devote vt.致力，专心；献身 devoted adj.挚爱的；忠诚的，全心全意的 be devoted to 专心于，致力于 中国航天之父 也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。钱学森备受人们的尊敬，《钱学森的故事》一书的作者称他为一位具有“伟大科学思想和科学精神”的人，并且他热爱祖国、甘于奉献、成就斐然。 Born in Shanghai in 1911，Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering④. However，after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932，Qian made the decision to switch his major to⑤ aviation⑥ because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force⑦ to protect and defend⑧ the country. ④mechanical engineering n．[U]机械工程学 mechanical/mə'kænIkl/adj.机器的；机械的；发动机的 mechanic/mə'kænIk/n.[C]机械师；机械修理工 ⑤switch...to...转变……成…… ⑥aviation/ˌeIvi'eIʃn/n.[U]航空制造业；航空；飞行 civil/military aviation民用/军用航空 the aviation business 航空业 ⑦air force 空军 ⑧defend/dI'fend/vt.保卫；防守；辩解 钱学森1911年出生于上海，在北京上学，之后进入上海交通大学学习铁道机械工程。然而，1932年“淞沪会战”爆发后，钱学森决定转专业为航空，因为他意识到中国需要强大的空军来保护和捍卫自己。 Qian went to the United States in 1935 to pursue his graduate studies. Over the course of⑨ the 1930s and 1940s，Qian became a pioneer in⑩ American jet⑪ and rocket technology. As a graduate assistant⑫ at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s，Qian helped conduct important research into⑬ rocket propulsion⑭，and in the 1940s，he and several other people founded the Jet Propulsion Laboratory，now one of NASA's leading space-exploration centres. ⑨over the course of 在……期间 course n．[熟词生义][sing.]进展；进程 ⑩a pioneer in...……方面的带头人/先驱/先锋 ⑪jet/dʒet/n.[C]喷气式飞机 ⑫a graduate assistant研究生助理 assistant/ə'sIstənt/n.[C]助手，助理adj.副的，助理的 ⑬conduct research into/on...从事……的研究 ⑭propulsion n．[U]推动力；推进 1935年，钱学森赴美攻读研究生。在20世纪30年代和40年代，钱学森成了美国喷气机和火箭技术的先驱。20世纪30年代，作为加州理工学院的研究生助理，钱学森协助参与了火箭推进领域的重要研究；20世纪40年代，他和其他几人建立了喷气推进实验室，现在这个实验室是美国国家航空航天局主要的太空探索中心之一。 After overcoming some difficulties during his final few years in the US，Qian returned to China in 1955.He received a hero's welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of⑮ not only developing China's rocket science but also its space and missile⑯ programme.At that time，China was poor and its rocket science was undeveloped⑰. No institute or university in China offered rocket science as a major，and there were no talents or experts in this field in China. Nevertheless，Qian did not let that discourage him from taking⑱ on the challenge⑲.When he was asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles？”，his reply was a determined “Why not? We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make.” 句中的not only...but also...连接介词短语in charge of 的两个宾语。 ⑮in charge of主管，掌管 ⑯missile/'mIsaIl/n.[C]导弹 ⑰undeveloped adj.未开发的；不发达的 [反义]developed adj.发达的；高度发展的 ⑱discourage sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事 ⑲take on the challenge接受挑战(＝take up/accept the challenge) take on决定做；同意负责；承担(责任) 在美国的最后几年，钱学森克服了一些困难后，于1955年回到中国。他受到了来自祖国的对待英雄般的欢迎，不仅被任命负责发展中国的火箭科学，还负责中国的航天和导弹计划。当时，中国很贫穷，火箭技术也不发达。中国没有任何学院或大学开设火箭科学专业，也没有这一领域的人才或专家。尽管如此，钱学森并没有因此放弃接受挑战。当他被问及“我们中国人能造出导弹吗？”时，他的回答非常坚决：“为什么不能？别人能做到的事情，我们中国人一样能做到。” Under Qian's leadership⑳，China developed the Dongfeng missiles，followed by the first generation of Long March rockets. In 1970，China successfully launched its first man-made satellite㉑，Dong Fang Hong Ⅰ，from a Long March rocket.Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou spacecraft can also be traced back to㉒ Qian's research，Qian earned the name of㉓ “the father of China's aerospace”． 过去分词短语followed by the first...rockets作伴随状语。 ⑳under one's leadership 在某人的带领下 leadership/'liːdəʃIp/n.[U]领导；领导地位；领导才能 ㉑launch its first man-made satellite发射其第一颗人造卫星 launch vt.发射(导弹、火箭等)；发起 ㉒be traced back to追溯到 [同义]date back to，go back to，date from trace/treIs/vt.追溯；追踪；查出n.[C，U]痕迹；遗迹；踪迹 ㉓earn the name of...赢得……的称号 name n．[熟词生义][usually sing.]名誉；名声；名气 在钱学森的领导下，中国研发了东风导弹，随后是第一代长征火箭。1970年，中国成功地用长征火箭发射了第一颗人造卫星“东方红一号”。神舟飞船背后的许多技术也都可以追溯到钱学森的研究，因此钱学森赢得了“中国航天之父”的称号。 Qian read a lot and was extremely knowledgeable㉔，especially in the area of frontier science research㉕. However，what might have made him such an outstanding㉖ and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things，such as music and drawing. His deep appreciation for㉗ art often gave him inspiration in his scientific research. 句中的what引导主语从句；made him such an outstanding and creative scientist属于“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。 ㉔knowledgeable adj.博学的；有见识的；知识渊博的 ㉕frontier science research前沿科学研究 frontier n．[熟词生义][C，usually pl.](尤指知识的)前沿；(学科或活动的)尖端，边缘 ㉖outstanding/aʊt'stændIŋ/adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的 ㉗deep appreciation for...对……的深入了解 appreciation n．[C，sing.](尤指艺术方面的)鉴定，评价，评估 钱学森博览群书、知识渊博，尤其是前沿科学研究领域。然而，使他成为如此杰出和富有创造力的科学家的原因可能是他对其他事物的浓厚兴趣，比如音乐和绘画。他对艺术的深刻理解常常给他的科学研究带来灵感。 On 31 October 2009，the whole country was saddened㉘ by Qian's death，and people honoured and remembered him in different ways. ㉘sadden vt.使悲伤，使难过 [构词法]后缀-en意为“使；使成为；变得”，常构成动词，由其构成的词还有loosen (使放松)、tighten (使变紧)、weaken (削弱)、worsen (恶化)、deepen (使……变深)等。 2009年10月31日，钱学森去世，举国上下悲痛不已，人们用不同的方式纪念他。 A WORLD OF PURE THOUGHT Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and gifted①scientists in physics. Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchair，unable to move and using a computer to talk. Since he came down with② a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles，his world became one of abstract③ thought. 画线部分中的介宾短语in his wheelchair，形容词短语unable to move及现在分词短语using a computer to talk都作定语，修饰images of him。 ①gifted/'ɡIftId/adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的 ②come down with患(病)；染上(小病) ③abstract/'æbstrækt/adj.抽象的；理论上的 n．[C](文献等的)摘要 /æb'strækt/vt.提取；抽取；分离；写出(书等的)摘要 一个思想纯粹的世界 史蒂芬·霍金是物理学界最著名、最有天赋的科学家之一。大多数人都对他坐在轮椅上，无法移动和使用电脑交谈的画面很熟悉。自从他得了一种使他大部分肌肉失去功能的疾病后，他的世界就变成了一个抽象的思想世界。 Hawking first achieved fame④ when he was still healthy enough to walk，as a graduate student in physics at Cambridge University in 1964. In general，there were two main theories on the origin of the universe. The first was the steady⑤ state theory，which holds that the universe has no beginning or end. The other was the big bang theory，which holds that the universe began at a single point in time and space. The biggest champion⑥ of the steady state concept⑦ was Fred Hoyle，a professor at Cambridge.During the question and answer period after one of Hoyle's lectures，Hawking stood up and pointed out that Hoyle had made a mistake in his maths⑧. Once the maths was corrected，it showed that the big bang theory—and not the steady state theory—was true. Hawking's own work on the big bang theory was soon proven by astronomers⑨ with telescopes⑩. A star was born. 句中的which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the steady state theory。 ④achieve/win fame获得/赢得名声 ⑤steady/'stedi/adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的 steadily adv.稳定地；平稳地 ⑥champion n．[熟词生义][C]拥护者；捍卫者 ⑦concept/'kɒnsept/n.[C]概念；观念 ⑧maths n．[熟词生义][U]运算；计算 ⑨astronomer/ə'strɒnəmə(r)/ n．[C]天文学家 astronomy/ə'strɒnəmi/n.[U]天文学 ⑩telescope/'telIskəʊp/n.[C]望远镜 霍金第一次出名是在1964年，当时他还是剑桥大学物理系的研究生，身体还足够健康，可以行走。一般来说，关于宇宙的起源有两种主要的理论。一种是宇宙恒稳态理论，该理论认为宇宙无始无终。另一种是大爆炸宇宙论，该理论认为宇宙开始于时间和空间的某个单点。剑桥大学教授弗雷德·霍伊尔是宇宙恒稳态理论的最大支持者。在霍伊尔的一次讲座结束后的问答环节中，霍金站了起来，指出霍伊尔在计算中犯了一个错误。一旦该计算问题得到修正，它就能证明大爆炸宇宙论才是正确的，而非宇宙恒稳态理论。霍金本人对大爆炸宇宙论的研究很快就被天文学家用望远镜证实了。一颗恒星诞生了。 So，what made Stephen Hawking a genius？Besides⑪ being brilliant⑫，he was brave，though sometimes careless in what he said or did.He was willing to say what others were afraid to say，and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about. Furthermore⑬，he was quite determined. This had helped him as a scientist，and had helped him even more in his fight against his disease. Above all⑭，Hawking was willing to admit his faults⑮. This odd⑯ combination of characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries. 画线部分though sometimes careless in what he said or did是though引导的让步状语从句的省略，将从句补充完整则是“though he was sometimes careless in what he said or did”。what he said or did是what引导的宾语从句，作介词in的宾语，what在从句中作宾语。 ⑪besides/bI'saIdz/prep.除……之外(还)(相当于apart from) adv.而且；此外 ⑫brilliant/'brIliənt/adj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的 ⑬furthermore/ˌfɜːðə'mɔː(r)/adv.此外；再者(＝moreover) ⑭above all最重要的是；尤其是 ⑮fault/fɔːlt/n.[C]弱点；[C，U]过错 ⑯odd adj.奇怪的；怪异的；反常的 那么，是什么让史蒂芬·霍金成为一个天才的呢？除了聪明以外，他还很勇敢，尽管有时说话或做事都很粗心。他愿意说别人不敢说的话，想别人不敢想的东西。此外，他很坚定。这对他作为一名科学家很有帮助，而且对他与疾病做斗争的帮助更大。最重要的是，霍金愿意承认自己的错误。这些奇怪的特点组合在一起使他成为20世纪和21世纪最伟大的思想家之一。 Part 2　语篇研析 Activity 1　细节把握 1．Why did Qian Xuesen switch his major to aviation? A．Because he liked to be a pilot after graduation. B．Because he felt it his duty to help his homeland. C．Because he wanted to go to Shanghai. D．Because he disliked railway mechanical engineering. 答案：B 2．What made Qian Xuesen so creative and outstanding according to the text? A．His strong interest in art like music and drawing. B．His research in the United States. C．His friends' encouragement. D．His habit of reading a lot. 答案：A 3．What inspired Qian Xuesen's scientific research? A．Reading widely. B．Shenzhou spacecrafts. C．The interest in science. D．His deep appreciation for art. 答案：D 4．How was Hawking's own theory proved correct? A．Fred Hoyle admitted the mistake himself. B．He worked with others to prove it true. C．He pointed out and corrected Fred Hoyle's mistake in maths. D．Hawking was the most famous scientist in physics at the moment. 答案：C 5．What qualities Qian Xuesen and Stephen Hawking had made them famous scientists? _________________________________________________ Patriotic，knowledgeable，determined; gifted，brave. Activity 2　文章架构 1．Read the text quickly and then fill in the blanks. ↓ ↓ THE (1)____________ OF CHINA'S AEROSPACE Qian Xuesen—a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” FATHER ·His aviation ideal ·In the United States for further study ·His aviation ideal ·In the United States for further study ·Returned to his homeland and took on the (2)____________ ·Achieved extraordinary results ·His interest ·Died on 31 October，2009 challenge A WORLD OF PURE THOUGHT ↓ ↓ Stephen Hawking—one of the most famous and (3)____________ scientists in physics gifted Hawking's own work on the big bang theory was proven by astronomers. ↓ His excellent qualities as a (4)____________ genius 2．According to the structure of the two texts，when we write an essay about the scientific spirit，we can learn to use the following outline.(写作模板) Activity 3　增分靓句 Read the two texts and find out the sentences that can be used to introduce a scientist. 1．_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．____________________________________________________ Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China's aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. Qian was an extremely well-respected man. 3．_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The whole country was saddened by Qian's death，and people honoured and remembered him in different ways. Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and gifted scientists in physics. 5．_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________6．_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Besides being brilliant，he was brave，though sometimes careless in what he said or did. This odd combination of characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries. 单元写作 能力提升 Part 1　单元写作任务：介绍一位具有科学家精神的人物   1．人物介绍类文章是高考写作中常见的形式之一，以简单介绍人物的生平为主。这种简短的人物传记的内容主要包括人物生平最基本的信息和最重要的事迹。 基本结构： 第一段：人物的总体介绍(包括出生年月、出生地、国籍、职业、家庭背景等)； 第二段：人物的重要事迹(举例说明)； 第三段：人物及其事迹对社会的贡献或影响以及作者对人物的评价。 2．人物传记的写作特点 此类写作常用第三人称和一般现在时，但在描写人物的出生地和出生日期、教育背景、经历、事迹等时常用一般过去时。写作通常按照时间的先后顺序来写，注意衔接词语的使用。在描写重要事迹时，通常选取典型事件，用以突出人物的个性和品质。 [常用表达] 1．He/She was one of the greatest scientists in the 20th century.他/她是20世纪最伟大的科学家之一。 2．He/She was born in 1911.他/她出生于1911年。 3．He/She studied at a local high school and graduated from Beijing University.他/她曾就读于当地的一所高中，毕业于北京大学。 4．He/She got an award in 1998 for having played an important role in scientific research. 1998年，他/她因在科学研究中发挥了重要作用而获奖。 5．He/She is such a learned/strong-willed person that we all admire/respect him/her.他/她是一个如此博学/意志坚强的人，以至于我们都很钦佩/尊敬他/她。 6．He/She devoted all his/her life to scientific research and his/her scientific findings benefited people all over the world.他/她一生致力于科学研究，而且他/她的科学发现使全世界人民受益。 7．He/She was highly thought of by many people.他/她受到很多人的高度评价。 8．He/She will live in the hearts of us forever.他/她会永远活在我们心中。 9．There is no doubt that he is regarded as one of the most successful scientists in the world. 毫无疑问，他被认为是世界上最成功的科学家之一。 10．Some adjectives to describe the scientific spirit: knowledgeable，gifted，self-sacrificing，determined，brave，energetic，devoted，etc. 你校英文报正在征集主题为“Scientific Spirit”的稿件，请你选取科学家必备精神的一个方面，并结合某一个科学家的具体事例写一篇短文投稿。内容包括： 1．科学精神； 2．举例说明； 3．你的感悟。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Scientific Spirit ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [审题谋篇] 第一步　明确要求 1．确定体裁：本文为____________； 2．确定人称：本文的主要人称应为____________； 3．确定时态：介绍已故人物的时态应以____________为主。 人物介绍 第三人称 一般过去时 第二步　确定段落 本篇文章可以从以下几个方面入手： 第一段：介绍科学精神； 第二段：介绍钱学森的经历、事迹和成就； 第三段：对科学精神的评价。 第三步　核心词汇 1．________________ 科学精神 2．________________ adj.爱国的，有爱国心的 3．________________被认为是 4．_______________________________做出非凡的贡献 5．________________ 放弃 6．________________ 致力于，献身于 7．________________ 科学事业 8．________________n．尊敬 scientific spirit patriotic be regarded as make extraordinary contributions give up devote oneself to scientific career respect 第四步　句式升级 1．Qian Xuesen was regarded as “the father of China's aerospace”．He left America and returned to China when his country needed him.(一般表达) →Qian Xuesen，________________________________________，left America and returned to China when his country needed him.(用过去分词短语作后置定语合并为一句；高级表达) regarded as “the father of China's aerospace” 2．His patriotism made him give up the good conditions abroad and return to his motherland.(一般表达) →________________________________________________________________________________________________(用强调句改写；高级表达) It was his patriotism that made him give up the good conditions abroad and return to his motherland. 3．Patriotism inspires scientists to devote themselves to scientific career.(一般表达) → ______________________________________________________ _______________ (用what引导的表语从句改写；高级表达) Patriotism is what inspires scientists to devote themselves to scientific career. [参考范文] Scientific Spirit When we talk about the scientific spirit，there are many aspects we should evaluate.Personally，the most important spirit is being patriotic.Patriotism is the most natural feeling for a citizen. Qian Xuesen，regarded as “the father of China's aerospace”，left America and returned to China when his country needed him.He helped develop the Chinese aerospace program and make extraordinary contributions.It was his patriotism that made him give up the good conditions abroad and return to his motherland.Because of the love for his country and the great achievements，he has received the respect and admiration from Chinese people. In conclusion，patriotism is what inspires scientists to devote themselves to scientific career. [评分判断] 1．Does the writer explain clearly the personal qualities that make up the scientific spirit? 2．Does the writer give examples from the lives of the scientist to illustrate the points? 3．Does the writer describe the personality of the great scientist? 4．Does the writer use appropriate linking words and phrases to tie the ideas together? 牛顿是世界著名的科学家，关于他的故事有很多，请你根据他煮鸡蛋的故事，以“A Story of Newton”为题写一篇文章，并据此发表一下自己对科学精神的看法。 注意：词数80左右。 [参考范文] A Story of Newton Newton is one of the most outstanding and gifted scientists.So devoted was Newton that he often forgot the little things in his daily life.Once，a servant who cooked for Newton wanted to go out，asking Newton to cook the eggs himself.However，when the servant came back，what he found was that not eggs but a pocket watch was being cooked in the pot. From the story we can learn that to be an outstanding scientist，not only should we be knowledgeable but also we should focus on what we are doing. Part 2　读后续写日积月累 课文经典挖掘品鉴(读后续写之情感、心理描写) 1．As a young doctor，John Snow became frustrated... 2．He was determined to find out why. 3．He was willing to say what others were afraid to say，and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about. $$