U1 Period 1Reading and Thinking-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第二册同步导学案配套PPT课件（人教版）

选择性必修第二册 UNIT 1　SCIENCE　AND　SCIENTISTS 【单元话题词汇】 Period 1　Reading and Thinking—Reading Comprehension 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 必备知识 自主探究 课时作业 巩固提升 必备知识 自主探究 Part 1　读前策略 【词汇攻略】 1．动词＋-ion/-tion→名词 infect vt.使感染；传染→infection n．感染；传染 intervene vi 干预，介入→intervention n．介入；出面；干涉 2．词根记忆：前缀trans-高频词汇 transform vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变；transplant 移植； translate翻译； transmit 传送，传播等 3．联想记忆： 由decrease所想到的 (1)表示“增加”：rise，increase，go up (2)表示“减少”：fall，drop，decline，go down 【读文策略】 问问题 针对文章提出与之相关的问题是深入理解文章的一种方法。提问可以帮助读者理解文章的内容。它还可以帮助读者更深入地思考文章的主题和了解文章的结构。 Part 2　教材原文助读 JOHN SNOW DEFEATS① “KING CHOLERA②” [时态释疑]本篇文章的标题JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”使用了一般现在时表明这个客观事实，不容置疑。 Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome.This illness causes severe③ diarrhoea，dehydration，and even death.In the early 19th century，when an outbreak of④ cholera hit Europe，millions of people died from the disease.As a young doctor，John Snow became frustrated⑤ because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.In time⑥， he rose⑦ to become a famous doctor，and even attended to⑧ Queen Victoria when she gave birth⑨.However，he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all⑩.   ①defeat vt.击败，战胜(＝beat)；使失败；阻挠；挫败 n．[C，U]失败；战败 a narrow/heavy defeat惜败/惨败 ②cholera/'kɒlərə/n.[U]霍乱 ③severe/sI'vIə(r)/adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的 ④an outbreak of...……的爆发 outbreak n．[C]爆发，突然发生 [构词法]outbreak是由“副词＋动词”构成的合成名词，构成方式类似的词还有overthrow (推翻)，output (产量)，downfall (垮台)，income (收入)等。 ⑤frustrated/frʌ'streItId/adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的 ⑥in time经过一段时间之后，迟早；及时 ⑦rise vi.[熟词生义]变得更加成功(或重要、强大等) ⑧attend to照顾，护理 ⑨give birth生孩子 ⑩once and for all最终地；彻底地 约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王” 在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。这种疾病会导致严重的腹泻、脱水，甚至死亡。19世纪初，欧洲发生霍乱，数百万人死于这种疾病。作为一名年轻的医生，约翰·斯诺变得很沮丧，因为没人知道如何防治霍乱。后来，他成了名医，甚至在维多利亚女王分娩时还照料她。但他从未放弃彻底消灭霍乱的愿望。 In general⑪，doctors in those days had two contradictory⑫ theories to explain how cholera spread.One theory was that bad air caused the disease.The other was that cholera was caused by an infection⑬ from germs⑭ in food or water.Snow subscribed to⑮ the second theory.It was correct，but he still needed proof⑯. Consequently⑰， when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854，Snow began to investigate.He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why. 这是一个复合句，that in two...ten days为宾语从句，该从句中的“so...that...”引导结果状语从句。 ⑪in general总的说来；从总体上看(＝as a whole)；通常，大体上(＝usually/mainly) ⑫contradictory/ˌkɒntrə'dIktəri/adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的 contradict vt.反驳；相矛盾 contradiction n．[C，U]不一致，矛盾 in contradiction to与……相反(或截然不同) ⑬infection/In'fekʃn/n.[U]感染；传染；[C]传染病 infect/In'fekt/vt.使感染；传染 infectious adj.传染性的，感染的(尤指通过呼吸) ⑭germ/dʒɜːm/n.[C，usually pl.]微生物；细菌；病菌 ⑮subscribe to同意；赞同 subscribe/səb'skraIb/vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费) ⑯proof/pruːf/n.[U，C]证明；证据；检验 ⑰consequently adv.因此；所以(相当于as a result或therefore) 总的来说，当时的医生对霍乱的传播的解释有两种相互矛盾的理论。一种理论是这种疾病是由糟糕的空气导致的。另一种理论是霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的。斯诺赞同第二种理论。这是对的，但他仍然需要证据。因此，1854年伦敦发生霍乱后，斯诺开始调查。他发现，在两条特定的街道上，霍乱疫情非常严重，10天内就有500多人死亡。他下定决心要找出原因。 Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived.There were multiple⑱ deaths⑲ near the water pump⑳ in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16，37，38，and 40).However，some households㉑(such as 20 and 21 Broad Street，and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths.These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.They had been given free beer，and so had not drunk the water from the pump.Snow suspected㉒that the water pump was to blame㉓.What is more，in another part of London，a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. As a result of this evidence，John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs.Accordingly㉔，he had the handle㉕of the pump removed so that it could not be used.Through this intervention㉖，the disease was stopped in its tracks. 画线部分中的where和who都引导定语从句，分别修饰先行词places和those。 It seems/seemed that...表示“似乎……，看起来……”；had it delivered...every day是“have sth.done”结构，该结构可表示“请/派别人做某事”。 so that在此引导目的状语从句。 ⑱multiple/'mʌltIpl/adj.数量多的；多种多样的 ⑲death在此为抽象名词具体化，表示“死亡者”，为可数名词，a death表示“一名死亡者”。 ⑳pump/pʌmp/n.[C]抽水机；泵；打气筒 water pump水泵 ㉑household/'haʊshəʊld/n.[C] 一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人 adj.家用的，家务的；家喻户晓的 ㉒suspect/sə'spekt/vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 /'sʌspekt/n.[C]犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 ㉓blame/bleIm/vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责n.[U]责备；指责 be to blame该受责备(不定式to blame用主动形式表示被动意义) ㉔accordingly adv.因此，所以；照着，相应地 ㉕handle/'hændl/n.[C]把手；拉手；柄vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等) ㉖intervention/ˌIntə'venʃn/n.介入；出面；干涉 intervene vi.出面，介入；干扰 斯诺首先在地图上标出了所有死者曾经居住过的确切位置。许多死亡病例是在宽街水泵附近(尤其是16号、37号、38号和40号房屋)。然而，一些房屋(如宽街20号和21号、剑桥街8号和9号)却没有人死亡。这些人在剑桥街7号的酒吧工作。他们得到了免费的啤酒，所以没有饮用水泵里的水。斯诺怀疑是水泵的问题。更重要的是，在伦敦的另一个地方，一位妇女和她的女儿从宽街搬走后也因霍乱而死。这个妇女似乎非常喜欢(饮用)水泵里的水，因此她每天都让人送水到她家。基于这些证据，约翰·斯诺可以宣布水泵中的水携带了霍乱病菌。因此，他让人把水泵的手柄拆除了，这样水泵就不能用了。通过这种干预，霍乱才中断了。 The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.Moreover，Snow was later able to show a link㉗ between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw㉘ waste.The people who drank this water were much more likely to get㉙ cholera than those who drank pure㉚ or boiled water. ㉗link/lIŋk/n.[C]联系，纽带vt.把……连接起来；相关联 ㉘raw/rɔː/adj.未经处理的；生的；未煮的；原始的 ㉙be likely to do sth.很可能做某事 be unlikely to do sth.不大可能做某事 ㉚pure/pjʊə(r)/adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的 purity n．[U]纯洁；纯净；纯粹 事实上，宽街水泵里的水已被废物污染了。此外，斯诺后来还发现了其他霍乱病例与伦敦的不同供水公司之间的联系。一些公司出售泰晤士河的水，而河水被未经处理的废物污染了。喝这种水的人比喝纯净水或白开水的人更易得霍乱。 Through Snow's tireless efforts㉛，water companies began to sell clean water，and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease㉜.However，cholera is still a problem.Each year，millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it.Fortunately，we now know how to prevent cholera，thanks to㉝ the work of John Snow.Moreover㉞，in his use of maps and statistics㉟，Snow transformed㊱ the way scientists study diseases.For this reason，Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology. ㉛tireless efforts孜孜不倦的努力 tireless adj.不知疲倦的；孜孜不倦的 ㉜substantial decrease大量减少 substantial/səb'stænʃl/adj大量的；价值巨大的；重大的 decrease/'diːkriːs/n.[C，U]减少；降低；减少量 /dI'kriːs/vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低 ㉝thanks to由于；幸亏 ㉞moreover adv.而且，此外 ㉟statistic/stə'tIstIk/n.[pl.-s]统计数字；统计资料；统计学 ㊱transform/træns'fɔːm/vt.使改观；使改变形态vi.改变；转变 transform sb./sth.(from...) into...把某人/某物(从……)变成…… transformation n．[C，U]变化；转变；改革；改观 通过斯诺的不懈努力，供水公司开始销售清洁饮用水，世界各地的霍乱威胁也大幅度减少。然而，霍乱仍然是一个问题。每年，世界各地有数百万人感染霍乱，许多人因霍乱丧生。幸运的是，多亏了约翰·斯诺的努力，我们现在知道如何预防霍乱。此外，斯诺对地图和统计数据的使用也改变了科学家们研究疾病的方式。因此，斯诺被认为是现代流行病学之父。 Part 3　语篇研析 1．What is the main idea of the text? The text is mainly about John Snow and he defeats ． how King Cholera 2．Read the whole text quickly and match the main idea with each paragraph. Para.1　　A．Snow began his study by marking on a map. Para.2 B.John Snow decided to prove the second theory. Para.3 C．Snow's contributions. Para.4 D．John Snow desired to defeat cholera. Para.5 E．The truth of the infection of cholera. 答案：Para.1：D　Para.2：B　Para.3：A　Para.4：E　Para.5：C 1．Which of the following theories did John Snow believe? A．A cloud of dangerous gas would float around until it found its victims. B．People absorbed cholera germs into their bodies with their meals. C．People got infected with cholera because of polluted air. D．People suffered from cholera because they were not clean. 答案：B 2．What was the key help for John Snow's discovery? A．The government. B．The woman who had moved away from Broad Street. C．The water company. D．The map made by himself. 答案：D 3．What caused the outbreak of cholera in London? A．Bad air. B．Polluted air. C．Water infected by raw waste. D．Water polluted by the air. 答案：C 4．How was “King Cholera” defeated? A．By people's healthy diets. B．By people's not polluting the river again. C．By people's delivering the water from other places. D．By people's stopping drinking the polluted water. 答案：D 5．Find the sentence expressing sadness. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ As a young doctor，John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. 6．Find the sentences showing determination. (1)___________________________________________________________ (2)______________________________ However，he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all. He was determined to find out why. 7．Find the sentence that can be used to introduce a person. ____________________________________________________________________________________ For this reason，Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology. Cholera once was one of the most feared 1.____________ (disease) in the world .In the early 19th century，when 2.__________ outbreak of cholera hit Europe，millions of people died from the disease.Seeing this，John Snow，a young doctor，became 3.____________ (frustrate) and was determined to destroy cholera once and for all. diseases an frustrated There were two theories about cholera at that time.One was that bad air caused the disease and the other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.Snow subscribed 4._____ the second theory.He began to investigate, 5.________ (mark) on a map the exact places where all those who died 6.____________ (live).As a result, he found multiple deaths in one place 7.__________ there were no deaths in another place.8.____________ (eventual)，he found the evidence for the second theory.He succeeded in 9.____________(stop) the spread of the disease. to marking had lived while Eventually stopping Snow made great contributions.Not only did he help people know how to prevent cholera but he also transformed the way of studying diseases.He 10.____________ (consider) the father of modern epidemiology. is considered Ⅰ.词块 1．世界上最可怕的疾病之一 ______________________________________________ 2．死于这种疾病 _____________________ 3．成了一位名医 __________________________ 4．从未放弃做某事的愿望 ________________________ 5．一般来说 ________________ 6．决定查明原因 ____________________________ one of the most feared diseases in the world die from the disease rise to become a famous doctor never lose desire to do sth. in general be determined to find out why 7．每天都让人送水到她家 _________________________________________________ 8．更有可能 ________________ 9．通过他的不懈努力 ________________________ 10．大幅降低 ____________________ have the water delivered to her house every day be more likely to through his tireless efforts a substantial decrease Ⅱ.长难句分析 1．He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. [句式分析]　本句为____________句。 第一个that 引导____________从句，该从句中 in two particular streets 为____________，主语为 ______________________，并且该从句中还含有so ...that 结构，此处的that 引导_____________从句。 主从复合 宾语 地点状语 the cholera outbreak 结果状语 [自主翻译]_______________________________________________　________________________________________________________ 他发现，在两条特定的街道上，霍乱疫情非常严重，10天内就有500多人死亡。 2．Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. [句式分析]　本句为____________句。主句为 Snow began by marking on a map the exact places，where引导____________从句，修饰先行词_____________________，该从句中又含有who引导的______从句，修饰先行词________。 主从复合 定语 the exact places 定语 those [自主翻译]_______________________________________________　________________________________________________________ 斯诺首先在地图上标出了所有死者曾经居住过的确切位置。 3．It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. [句式分析]　It seemed that...意为“似乎……，看起来……”，so...that...引导___________从句；had it delivered为“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语(过去分词)”结构，意为“让某事被做”。 结果状语 [自主翻译]_______________________________________________　________________________________________________________ 这个妇女似乎非常喜欢(饮用)水泵里的水，因此她每天都让人送水到她家。 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Born in Potsdam (in the Kingdom of Prussia) in 1821，Helmholtz was one of the 19th century's most knowledgeable scientists，whose name turns up in the histories of multiple scientific fields and specialties.As a youngster，he had an interest in physics，but that seemed a financially unwise career choice.He went to medical school and studied physiology instead，because he was drawn to others who promoted the point that physiology should be based on the principles of chemistry and physics，not the “vital forces” that had been popularly emphasized previously. After earning his medical degree，Helmholtz served as an army surgeon before becoming professor of physiology at the University of Königsberg.During that time，he composed a groundbreaking paper on the conservation of energy，which made him a good reputation in science community.His main argument is that all science can be reduced to mechanics.It is emphasized that Newtonian mechanics and Lagrangian mechanics are mathematically equivalent (相等的)，so a force can be measured by the Laplace method in terms of the energy transferred by the force or the work done by the force.All of this energy is conserved.While at Königsberg，he studied the nervous system，optics (光学) and acoustics (声学)，especially with regard to the physiology of the senses.Then he moved on to the University of Bonn as professor of anatomy (解剖学) and physiology. After some time at the University of Heidelberg，where he became interested in philosophy，in 1871 he was awarded the chair of physics at the University of Berlin.At last he could focus on physics，emphasizing the importance of the principle of least action for explaining physical phenomena.He also explored the branches of Maxwell's new theory.By this time，he was recognized as one of Germany's premier scientists，until his death in 1894. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Helmholtz作为一名多才多艺的科学家的生平事迹。 2 3 1 4 1．Why did Helmholtz choose to study physiology? A．He was attracted by a different viewpoint. B．He made the choice for economic difficulty. C．He would like to make himself have more skills. D．He preferred physiology to chemistry and physics. 答案：A 细节理解题。根据第一段的“He went to medical school and studied physiology instead，because he was drawn to others who promoted the point that physiology should be based on the principles of chemistry and physics，not the ‘vital forces’ that had been popularly emphasized previously.”可知，Helmholtz选择生理学专业的原因是他被不同于以前的观点所吸引。故选A。 2 3 1 4 2．What made Helmholtz popular among scientists? A．His degree in medical science. B．His talent in chemistry and physics. C．His achievements as an army surgeon. D．His paper on the conservation of energy. 答案：D 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据第二段的“During that time，he composed a groundbreaking paper on the conservation of energy，which made him a good reputation in science community.”可知，Helmholtz关于能量守恒的论文使他在科学界很受欢迎。故选D。 2 3 1 4 3．What can be inferred about Helmholtz from the last paragraph? A．He proved Maxwell's new theory. B．He was a famous philosopher. C．He devoted his rest life to physical research. D．He was a physical professor at Königsberg. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“After some time at the University of Heidelberg，where he became interested in philosophy，in 1871 he was awarded the chair of physics at the University of Berlin.At last he could focus on physics，emphasizing the importance of the principle of least action for explaining physical phenomena.”可推知，Helmholtz把他的余生献给了物理研究。故选C。 2 3 1 4 4．Which words can best describe Helmholtz? A．Energetic and caring. B．All-round and determined. C．Humorous and courageous. D．Knowledgeable and brave. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。根据第二段的“After earning his medical degree，Helmholtz served as an army surgeon before becoming professor of physiology at the University of Königsberg.”可知，Helmholtz是全能的，即all-round；根据最后一段的“At last he could focus on physics，emphasizing the importance of the principle of least action for explaining physical phenomena.”可知，他是有决心的，即determined。故选B。 2 3 1 4 B Chemicals taken from sawdust (锯屑) and water can knock out more than 99 percent of some disease-causing microbes (微生物).That makes the sawdust mix a potential alternative to current microbe-killing chemicals. Many disinfectants (消毒剂) used today can harm the environment.They form poisonous by-products when they get washed.Some potentially greener disinfectants exist.They rely on a chemical called “phenol (苯酚)”．But these cleaners can be costly and take a lot of energy to make. Shicheng Zhang went searching for a better option.He's an environmental engineer at Fudan University in Shanghai，China.Wood contains many molecules (分子) that look like phenol.So Zhang wondered if microbe-killing chemicals could be obtained from sawdust through a low-cost and low-energy process. He and his fellow researchers cooked mixtures of water and sawdust for one hour.They heated this sawdust soup under pressure，and then filtered it.Later，they tested how well the liquid killed off microbes.This liquid wiped out E．coli bacteria—microbes that can cause food poisoning.The liquid also killed anthrax bacteria.These microbes cause dangerous infections.What's more，the disinfectant stopped flu viruses from being infectious. The researchers also added different amounts of water to the sawdust soup.That let them test how concentrated it had to be to knock out microbes.Depending on its concentration，the mix could kill more than 99 percent of the microbes. Looking at killed microbes under a microscope revealed some of the ways the sawdust mix kills.The disinfectant damaged the microbes' cell walls.It also may have messed with the microbes' proteins and DNA. Zhang and his fellow researchers didn't stop at a sawdust disinfectant.They made disinfectants from other plant materials，too.Some of these started as bamboo powder.Others were made using rice plant.Plant materials that are richer in molecules that release phenol-like compounds are best at killing microbes.One example is corn straw. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国复旦大学张教授及其团队从锯屑水中提取消毒剂的一项研究。 5 6 7 8 5．What may be an advantage of Zhang's sawdust disinfectant over existing ones? A．Being safer and more effective. B．Being environment-friendly and less expensive. C．Being less expensive and having more lasting effect. D．Being more effective and having more lasting effect. 答案：B 细节理解题。根据第二段和第三段的内容可知，与现有的消毒剂相比，张的木屑消毒剂既环保又便宜。故选B。 5 6 7 8 6．What gave Zhang the idea of the sawdust disinfectant? A．The absence of microbes in sawdust. B．The phenol-like molecules in wood. C．The existence of a greener disinfectant. D．The possibility of being food poisoned. 答案：B 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Wood contains many molecules that look like phenol.So Zhang wondered if microbe-killing chemicals could be obtained from sawdust through a low-cost and low-energy process.(木材含有许多看起来像苯酚的分子。因此，张想知道是否可以通过低成本、低能耗的方法从锯末中获得杀死微生物的化学物质)”可知，木材中的苯酚分子让张产生了木屑消毒剂的想法。故选B。 5 6 7 8 7．How was Zhang's research further carried out? A．By analyzing data from previous studies. B．By identifying the ways different disinfectants kill. C．By improving the process of dealing with by-products. D．By comparing the effects of different concentrations of the mix. 答案：D 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据第五段的内容可知，张的研究通过比较不同浓度混合物的效果进一步开展。故选D。 5 6 7 8 8．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．A Public Drive Aims to Greener Disinfectants B．A Chinese University Grows Microbe-killing Plants C．A Disinfectant Made from Sawdust Knocks out Microbes D．A Chinese Team Made Breakthroughs in Disease Research 答案：C 5 6 7 8 标题归纳题。根据第三段“Shicheng Zhang went searching for a better option...through a low-cost and low-energy process.”并结合文章主要介绍了中国复旦大学张教授及其团队从锯屑水中提取消毒剂的一项研究可知，C项“由锯末制成的消毒剂可以消灭微生物”最适合作文章标题。故选C。 5 6 7 8 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家研究发现的分心的原因以及如何集中注意力。 When you were at school，were you ever told to stop daydreaming and concentrate? It was easy for your mind to wander if you weren't interested in what you were learning or if you had better things to think about. 1 However，understanding how to do it，and knowing what is distracting you can help. 1 2 3 4 5 A．But distraction isn't all bad. B．Staying focused can still be a challenge in adult life. C．Therefore，keeping yourself busy might be one answer. D．Your ability to concentrate well affects how effective you are. E．Another possible cure for a short attention span is brain training. F．One obvious solution is to get rid of distracting noises or use “white noise”． G．Some people procrastinate because they worry that they won't be able to complete tasks perfectly. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 根据下文“However，understanding how to do it，and knowing what is distracting you can help.”可知，此处与下文形成转折关系，说明保持专注是有一定困难或挑战的。由此可知，B项能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 Scientists have looked at what makes us procrastinate (拖延) and found a number of ways to help us stay focused. 2 Research by Science Focus magazine found silence is best for concentration，or a gentle background hum and coffee shop noise is great! It also found turning off reminders on your phone，or switching it off altogether，removes a major distraction and helps us focus on the task at hand. 1 2 3 4 5 A．But distraction isn't all bad. B．Staying focused can still be a challenge in adult life. C．Therefore，keeping yourself busy might be one answer. D．Your ability to concentrate well affects how effective you are. E．Another possible cure for a short attention span is brain training. F．One obvious solution is to get rid of distracting noises or use “white noise”． G．Some people procrastinate because they worry that they won't be able to complete tasks perfectly. 答案：F 1 2 3 4 5 根据下文“Research by Science Focus magazine found silence is best for concentration，or a gentle background hum and coffee shop noise is great! ”可知，此处讲的是安静或一些有益的噪声有利于集中注意力。由此可知，F项能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选F。 1 2 3 4 5 3 Psychologists and neuroscientists are increasingly interested in our ability to focus and have looked at what we can change inside our heads to make us concentrate.An article for BBC Future by Caroline Williams says that “Attention Researcher Nilli Lavie of University College London has found that making a task more visually demanding takes up more processing power and leaves the brain nothing left to process distractions.” 4 1 2 3 4 5 A．But distraction isn't all bad. B．Staying focused can still be a challenge in adult life. C．Therefore，keeping yourself busy might be one answer. D．Your ability to concentrate well affects how effective you are. E．Another possible cure for a short attention span is brain training. F．One obvious solution is to get rid of distracting noises or use “white noise”． G．Some people procrastinate because they worry that they won't be able to complete tasks perfectly. 答案：E 1 2 3 4 5 根据下文“Psychologists and neuroscientists are increasingly interested in our ability to focus and have looked at what we can change inside our heads to make us concentrate.”可知，科学家们发现可以通过改变大脑内部的什么来使我们集中注意力，空处为主旨句，应对本段进行概括，所以空处应该介绍另外一种有助于保持注意力的方法。E项指出另外一种方法是进行大脑训练，概括本段内容，符合上下文语境。故选E。 1 2 3 4 5 3 Psychologists and neuroscientists are increasingly interested in our ability to focus and have looked at what we can change inside our heads to make us concentrate.An article for BBC Future by Caroline Williams says that “Attention Researcher Nilli Lavie of University College London has found that making a task more visually demanding takes up more processing power and leaves the brain nothing left to process distractions.” 4 1 2 3 4 5 A．But distraction isn't all bad. B．Staying focused can still be a challenge in adult life. C．Therefore，keeping yourself busy might be one answer. D．Your ability to concentrate well affects how effective you are. E．Another possible cure for a short attention span is brain training. F．One obvious solution is to get rid of distracting noises or use “white noise”． G．Some people procrastinate because they worry that they won't be able to complete tasks perfectly. 答案：C 1 2 3 4 5 根据上文“An article for BBC Future by Caroline Williams says that ‘Attention Researcher Nilli Lavie of University College London has found that making a task more visually demanding takes up more processing power and leaves the brain nothing left to process distractions.’”可知，此处讲的是让自己忙起来，大脑就无法处理分心的事情了。由此可知，C项能够衔接上文，符合语境。故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 There are more practical tips toward keeping your mind focused.These include making a list or timetable of the tasks you have to do，finding a workspace where you're not tempted to do other things，or chewing some gum! It's possible the movement in your mouth occupies parts of the brain that might otherwise get distracted. 5 “If we were always so focused that we never got distracted，we'd miss potential changes，such as threats，in our environment.Distraction is vital for survival，” according to Science Focus magazine. 1 2 3 4 5 A．But distraction isn't all bad. B．Staying focused can still be a challenge in adult life. C．Therefore，keeping yourself busy might be one answer. D．Your ability to concentrate well affects how effective you are. E．Another possible cure for a short attention span is brain training. F．One obvious solution is to get rid of distracting noises or use “white noise”． G．Some people procrastinate because they worry that they won't be able to complete tasks perfectly. 答案：A 1 2 3 4 5 $$