U2 Period 3Learning About Language-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第二册同步导学案配套PPT课件（人教版）

选择性必修第二册 UNIT 2　BRIDGING　CULTURES Period 3　Learning About Language—Discover useful structures 单元语法：名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句) 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 核心语法 专项突破 课时作业 巩固提升 课堂检测 素养达标 核心语法 专项突破 [语法体会] 1．Laura says she always feels hungry when she smells it，so I taught her how to cook it，too. 2．The first time that she had to write an essay，her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas，but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought! 3．Xie Lei was confused because she thought she knew less than other people. 4．At first，Xie Lei had no idea what she should say，but what surprised her was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks. 5．What seemed strange before now appears quite normal to her. 我的发现： 1．以上复合句中，句中使用了相当于________作用的从句(即名词性从句)在句中充当成分。 2．名词性从句可在句中作________，如句4中的“what surprised her”和句5中的黑体部分。 名词 主语 3．名词性从句可在句中作________，如句1、句2和句3的黑体部分；引导宾语从句的从属连词________有时可以省略，如句1和句3；在两个并列的宾语从句中，第二个that________省略，如句2。 4．名词性从句可在句中作________，如句4中的“that she found herself...”。 5．名词性从句可在句中作__________，如句4中的“what she should say”。 宾语 that 不可 表语 同位语 [知识精要] 一、概念 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫作名词性从句 (Noun Clauses)。根据它在句中不同的句法功能，名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。本单元主要讲解前三种。 二、连接词 名词性从句的连接词(引导词)包括： (从属)连词 that，whether，if等，在从句中不作成分 连接代词 what，which，who，whom，whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever等，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语 连接副词 when，where，how，why等，在从句中作状语 三、主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句的基本用法 (一)主语从句(在复合句中作主句的主语) 1．连词that，whether引导的主语从句 That the earth goes around the sun is known to us all. 众所周知，地球围着太阳转。 Whether he will succeed remains to be seen. 他是否会成功还有待观察。 [名师点津]　that引导主语从句时不可省略；whether可以引导主语从句，而if不可以。 2．连接代词和连接副词引导的主语从句 连接代词和连接副词引导主语从句时既充当句子成分又有具体意义。 What we lack is not book knowledge but experience from real life. 我们缺乏的不是书本知识，而是来自实际生活的经验。 Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。 Where the English evening party will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行还没有宣布。 3．形式主语it 有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。常用句型如下： (1)It is＋名词(a fact，a pity，a question，no wonder...)＋that从句 (2)It is＋形容词(necessary，strange，important，possible...)＋that从句 (3)It is＋过去分词(said，reported，decided，believed，suggested，ordered...)＋that从句 (4)It＋动词(短语)(seem，happen，turn out，occur to...)＋that从句 It is a pity that you didn't attend the evening party. 你没参加晚会真是遗憾。 It is very important that a student (should) learn English well. 学生学好英语很重要。 It is said that many amateur athletes from all over the city will participate in the match. 据说，来自全市的很多业余选手将会参加这场比赛。 It suddenly occurred to me that I left my mobile phone in the taxi. 我突然想起我把手机忘在出租车上了。 [即学即练1]　完成句子 ①只要我们尽了最大努力，能否赢得比赛并不重要。 ____________________________________ doesn't matter as long as we try our best. ②他在报告中所说的话使我们所有人感到很自在。 ______________ at the presentation made all of us feel at home. ③显而易见，学生们应该为自己的未来做好准备。 ________________ students should get well prepared for their future. Whether we can win the contest or not What he said It is obvious that (二)宾语从句 1．基本用法(引导词) (1)that引导的宾语从句 that引导宾语从句时在从句中不作任何成分，也没有意义，一般可以省略。 I suggest (that) you should participate in this competition, which is really a good opportunity. 我建议你参加这个比赛，这确实是一个好机会。 [名师点津]　动词后跟多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略。 He told me (that) he had to leave and that he would be back soon. 他告诉我他不得不离开并且很快就会回来。 (2)whether与if引导宾语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，但有具体的含义，意为“是否”。一般情况下，whether和if可以互换，但在下列情况下只能用whether而不能用if： ①宾语从句中与or not连用时，只能用whether。 I don't know whether or not the report is true. 我不知道这个报道是不是真的。 ②介词后的宾语从句要用whether。 It depends on whether we have enough time. 这取决于我们是否有充足的时间。 (3)连接代词和连接副词引导宾语从句时既充当句子成分又有具体意义。 She asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class. 她问我谁的书法是班上最好的。 A modern city has been set up in what was once a wasteland. 一座现代化的城市已经在曾是荒地的地方建立起来了。 2．宾语从句的时态 在含有宾语从句的复合句中，当主句谓语是过去时态时(could，would除外)，从句则要用相应的过去时态；但当从句表示的是客观真理、科学原理、自然现象时，则从句仍用现在时态。 The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America. 老师告诉我们汤姆已经离开我们出发去美国了。 The teacher told us that the Yangtze River originates in Qinghai Province. 老师告诉我们，长江发源于青海省。 3．形式宾语it 宾语从句一般放在及物动词或介词之后。但是，在下列情况下，需用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语——宾语从句后置。 (1)find/consider/think/feel/believe/make＋it＋adj./n.＋宾语从句 (2)enjoy/love/like/hate/see to/insist on/depend on/rely on＋it＋宾语从句 I have made it clear that I will not accept this job. 我已经表明我不会接受这份工作。 I hate it when people ask me for money. 我不喜欢别人向我要钱。 [即学即练2]　用适当的连接词填空 ①I believe you have done your best and ____________ things will improve. ②Please let me know ____________ the time is suitable for you or not. ③I quite understand ____________ you feel because I once went through the same experience. that whether how ④We've found ____________ necessary that we stop complaining and take action right now. ⑤How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on ____________ he goes with，whether his friends or relatives. it who/whom (三)表语从句(在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后) (具体用法讲解见UNIT 1) The trouble is that I have lost his address. 问题是我把他的地址弄丢了。 I was very angry.That was because he didn't come. 我很生气，那是因为他没来。(强调原因) He didn't come.That was why I was very angry. 他没来，那就是为什么我很生气。(强调结果) The reason why I was very angry was that he didn't come. 我很生气的原因是他没来。 The question is whether he can make it. 问题是他能否成功。 [即学即练3]　完成句子 ①我很生气的原因是他向我撒谎。 The reason _____________________________________________. ②问题是我们能否说服他戒烟。 The problem is ___________________________________________. why I was very angry was that he told lies to me whether we can persuade him to give up smoking ③好消息是，国画作品展下周末将在我们学校举行。 Good news is_____________________________________________ in our school next weekend. that an exhibition of Chinese painting will be held 四、名词性从句中应注意的几个难点 1．what与that的区别 What we need to do is provide better education for children.我们需要做的就是为孩子们提供更好的教育。 That the students need more knowledge is the key problem.学生需要更多的知识是最关键的问题。 what 充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分 that 不充当任何句子成分 2．whether与if 作“是否”讲时的区别 在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if： ①引导主语从句并在句首时； ②引导表语从句时； ③所引导的从句作介词的宾语时； ④直接与or not连用时； ⑤后接动词不定式时。 Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.(主语从句) 月球上是否有生命是一个有趣的问题。 Everything depends on whether we have enough money.(介词宾语) 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。 Can you tell me whether to go or to stay？(后接动词不定式) 你能否告诉我是去还是留下？ 3．名词性从句的语序 名词性从句必须用陈述语序，而不能使用疑问语序。 In one's own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲。 4．who/whoever、what/whatever等的用法区别 一般说来，what/who等含特指意义，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义，意为“无论什么/无论谁”。 The club will give whoever wins a prize. 俱乐部将给获胜者奖励。 [即学即练4]　用适当的连接词填空 ①____________ did this job well must be rewarded. ②This decision will have an effect on ____________ or not he will succeed. ③I admire him most and I want to ask him ____________ made him an astronaut. Whoever whether what 课堂检测 素养达标 Ⅰ.完成句子 1．他是否胜任这项工作让我们拭目以待。 It remains to be seen ____________________________________． 2．他在会上说的话让在场的每个人都很惊讶。 ______________________________ made everyone present very surprised. whether he will be qualified for the job What he said at the meeting 3．我无法想象这个残疾的男孩是怎样成功到达终点线的。 I can't imagine __________________________________________． 4．这是我父亲教给我的——勇敢地面对困难，抱最好的希望。 This is ______________________________—to face difficulties bravely and hope for the best. how the disabled boy managed to reach the finish line what my father has taught me Ⅱ.阅读下面短文，用适当的连接词填空 It was reported 1.____________ there was an accident at the corner of a street. No one saw 2.____________ happened then. A car ran into a truck but fortunately, nobody got injured.3.____________ is responsible for the accident is still under investigation.The police are uncertain about 4.____________ the driver is to blame. 5.____________ the police should do now is 6.____________ they must find out what led to the accident. They said it was difficult for them to judge because 7.____________ the accident happened is not that what Who whether What that how clear. Perhaps the reason was 8.____________the driver was too sleepy to stop the car in time. The driver didn't admit the fact 9.____________ he was driving too fast at the turning. The police doubted 10.____________ what he said was true and decided to make a further investigation. that that whether 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.判断黑体部分是何种名词性从句 1．When they will start has not been decided yet.____________ 2．I find it important that we should keep calm in danger. ____________ 3．I was deeply moved by what he had done，tears rolling down without control.____________ 主语从句 宾语从句 宾语从句 4．It suddenly occurred to them that they could turn to their father for help.____________ 5．My question is how I adapt to the new environment and overcome the culture shock.____________ 主语从句 表语从句 Ⅱ.用适当的连接词填空 1．The book can be of help to ____________ wants to do the job. 2．My English teacher told me ____________ I need was more practice. 3．The truth is ____________if you want respect, you have to give respect. 4．The question is ____________ will be the successful applicant for the summer job. whoever what that who 5．____________ Mike didn't turn up at the meeting yesterday made the chairman angry. 6．You are saying that everyone should be equal，and this is ____________ I agree. 7．His parents have made it clear ____________ they won't support him in setting up his own company. That where that 8．You are sure to know the result，but that's ____________ everybody has finished their work. 9．As many as five courses are provided，and you are free to choose ____________ suits you best. 10．It is said ____________ the professor has already succeeded in carrying out the experiment. when whichever that Ⅲ.阅读理解 As my plane landed in Pamplona, Spain, I couldn't help thinking, “I'm crazy about going abroad and taking classes in Spanish.” My biggest fear was whether I would be able to communicate with Spanish speakers, and how I would be able to adapt to a culture that is different in so many ways from American culture. I had attended classes in Spanish and talked with native students for over a month but now it got better. When I first started, it was easy to get frustrated when I didn't understand parts of what my professor was saying, or to feel embarrassed when I had to ask someone to repeat themselves many times. However, people often politely corrected me when I made a mistake, and also offered support and words of encouragement. Noticing my own progress through my increased ability to have a conversation has made the frustration dissolve. And it helped me reach my biggest piece of advice to anyone facing the same fear: to force yourself to speak as much as possible. Another challenge I faced was culture shock when I arrived in Spain. As someone used to stores always being open in Seattle, I've had to get used to most stores being closed during afternoon hours and on Sundays. Plans are made much more slowly, and usually at the last minute, which for someone who values organization and certainty as much as I do, was difficult to get used to. The best way I found to deal with the culture shock was to change my views. I've grown to appreciate the Spanish attitude that there is more to life than work. Family and friends are important as well, and having so much time off allows life outside work to be enjoyed. Living abroad is always frightening, especially when the language and culture are completely foreign. There will always be challenges, frustrations, and problems. However, learning to deal with them and appreciate the journey has been one of the most valuable things I've learned while abroad. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者去西班牙学习时所经历的困难和文化冲突。 1．What can be learned about the author before she began her life in Spain? A．She was well-prepared. B．She was concerned about her life there. C．She really looked forward to the new culture. D．She had worked very hard at learning Spanish. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据第一段的“My biggest fear was whether I would be able to communicate with Spanish speakers, and how I would be able to adapt to a culture ...”可知，在作者开始她在西班牙的学习之前她担心她在那里的生活。故选B。 2 3 1 4 2．What does the underlined word “dissolve” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Build up.　　　　　 B．Grow again. C．Disappear slowly. D．Display clearly. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 词义猜测题。根据第二段的“Noticing my own progress through my increased ability to have a conversation”可知，注意到自己通过提高对话能力而取得的进步，作者的挫败感消失了，画线词dissolve的意思是“消失”。故选C。 2 3 1 4 3．What did the author do to deal with the culture shock? A．She tried hard to make friends. B．She lived the way the locals did. C．She made plans in advance carefully. D．She turned her attention to her study. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“The best way I found to deal with the culture shock was to change my views. I've grown to appreciate the Spanish attitude that there is more to life than work. Family and friends are important as well, and having so much time off allows life outside work to be enjoyed.”可知，作者通过和当地人一样生活来应对文化冲击，故选B。 2 3 1 4 4．What does the author's story show? A．Culture shock can be too hard to go through. B．Living abroad isn't as good as people think. C．Living abroad can be challenging but it is worth doing. D.Today's people should learn to accept different cultures. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“There will always be challenges, frustrations, and problems. However, learning to deal with them and ... I've learned while abroad.”可知，作者的故事说明了在国外生活很有挑战性，但值得一试。故选C。 2 3 1 4 Ⅳ. 完形填空 Anna Devolld likes insects. That's because she is 1 about pollinators (传粉者). She worried about these little things that keep our world beautiful and our trees producing food. Her first 2 was creating activities and coloring books for kids to help them understand how 3 pollinators are to our planet. Next, she created Pollinator Packs: plants that 4 bees and other pollinators to your garden. It wasn't long before she was part of community boards 5 the planting of pollinator-friendly plants in communities and roadside corridors (走廊). She now 6 in her local government's environmental department and is a key member. “One out of every three bites of food we take is 7 on pollinators，” Anna tells us. “Butterflies, ladybugs, even bats. 8 ， every one of these creatures is declining at an alarming rate.” Anna's 9 is to increase habitats that attract pollinators. And at the same time we should 10 the next generation about the importance of creating pollinator-friendly 11 ． So, the next time you eat an apple or a delicious peach, think about all the little 12 that make it happen. Then think about Anna and how one teenage girl is 13 happy and productive pollinators. We all can make a 14 . As Anna says, “Find something you are passionate about, no matter how small, and 15 how you can change the world.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Anna Devolld喜欢传粉者的原因和她为传粉者所做出的努力。 2 3 1 4 1．A.certain　　　　　　 B．passionate C．careful D．worried 答案：B certain某些的；passionate热情的；careful小心的；worried担心的。根据上文的“Anna Devolld likes insects.”可知，Anna Devolld喜欢昆虫，因为她对传粉者充满热情。故选B项。 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2．A.sight B．ceremony C．chance D．project 答案：D 根据下文的“creating activities and coloring books”可知，这些活动是她的第一个项目。故选D项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3．A.familiar B．grateful C．vital D．similar 答案：C 根据上文的“She worried about these little things that keep our world beautiful and our trees producing food.”可知，传粉者对我们的星球很重要。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4．A.add B．attract C．relate D．guide 答案：B 根据上文的plants和下文的to your garden可知，植物吸引蜜蜂和其他传粉者到花园。故选B项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5．A.encouraging B．developing C．exchanging D．discovering 答案：A 根据下文的“the planting of pollinator-friendly plants in communities and roadside corridors”可知，在社区和路边走廊种植对传粉者友好的植物，这件事是被鼓励的。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6．A.lives B．studies C．serves D．recycles 答案：C 根据下文的“in her local government's environmental department”可知，她现在在当地政府的环境部门工作。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7．A.dependent B．strict C．impressed D．focused 答案：A 根据上文的“She worried about these little things that keep our world beautiful and our trees producing food.”和“One out of every three bites of food”可知，这些小东西有助于生产食物，故我们每吃三口食物中就有一口依赖于传粉者。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 8．A.Naturally B．Accordingly C．Sadly D．Typically 答案：C 根据下文的“every one of these creatures is declining at an alarming rate”可知，每一种生物都在以惊人的速度减少，这是可悲的。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9．A.solution B．concern C．pattern D．conclusion 答案：A 根据下文的“increase habitats that attract pollinators”可知，增加吸引传粉者的栖息地，这是Anna的解决方案。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10．A.ask B．challenge C．test D．educate 答案：D 根据下文的“the next generation about the importance of creating pollinator-friendly 11 ”可知，让他们知道创造对传粉者友好的空间的重要性，这是对下一代的教育。故选D项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11．A.atmospheres B．spaces C．landscape D．county 答案：B 根据上文的“every one of these creatures is declining at an alarming rate”和“creating pollinator-friendly”可知，每一种生物都在以惊人的速度减少，因此要创造对传粉者友好的空间。故选B项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 12．A.changes B．plants C．missions D．creatures 答案：D 根据下文的that make it happen可知，让它发生的是小生物，即传粉者。故选D项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13．A.making sure of B．getting control of C．calling out for D．turning away with 答案：A 根据上文的“Anna's 9 is to increase habitats that attract pollinators.And at the same time we should 10 the next generation about the importance of creating pollinator-friendly 11 ．”和下文“happy and productive pollinators”可知，Anna努力确保快乐和多产的传粉者。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14．A.decision B．difference C．request D．donation 答案：B 根据下文的“As Anna says，‘Find something you are passionate about, no matter how small, and 15 how you can change the world.’”可知，每个人都可以有所作为。make a difference意为“起(重要)作用，有影响”，故选B项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15．A.describe B．share C．see D．consult 答案：C 根据上文的“We all can make a 14 . As Anna says，‘Find something you are passionate about, no matter how small’”和下文“how you can change the world”可知，每个人都可以采取行动，看看自己如何改变世界。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ⅴ.语法填空 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家第一次在西安的一个西汉墓穴中挖掘出大熊猫的骨骼遗骸。 A complete skeleton (骨架) of an animal, which was later confirmed to be that of a giant panda, was unearthed at 1. end of 2021 in Xi'an. It was the first time in history that giant panda remains had been unearthed from a tomb 2. (date) back to the Western Han Dynasty. 1．考查冠词。at the end of...是固定短语，意为“在……结束时；在……末”。故填the。 答案：the 2．考查非谓语动词。“2. (date) back to the Western Han Dynasty”作后置定语修饰名词tomb，动词短语date back to用非谓语形式，该短语无被动语态，只能用现在分词形式dating back to作后置定语。故填dating。 答案：dating The skeleton had well-developed teeth, and was placed within a neatly 3. (lay) brick structure facing towards the direction of the tomb, with its tail pointing westward. After comparing the skeleton 4. existing giant pandas', researchers discovered that it 5. (actual) belonged to a giant panda. 3．考查非谓语动词。动词lay作定语修饰名词词组brick structure，为非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语brick structure之间是被动关系，用过去分词laid表示被动和完成。故填laid。 答案：laid 4．考查介词。compare...with...是固定搭配，意为“比较……与……”。故填with。 答案：with 5．考查词性转换。空处作状语，用actual的副词形式actually，意为“实际上”。故填actually。 答案：actually The researchers thought this giant panda might have originated from the forests on the northern side of the Qinling Mountains, where the climate was possibly 6. (warm) than today. 6．考查形容词的比较级。根据语境和空后的than today可知，句中有比较关系，用比较级warmer。故填warmer。 答案：warmer Back in 1975, a buried giant panda 7. (discover) near the tomb of Empress Bo. Researchers said that it is not yet possible to conclude that Empress Bo had a special 8. (prefer) for giant pandas. It appeared to be a royal garden feature. 7．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。discover是句中的谓语动词，与主语panda之间是被动关系，句中有时间状语back in 1975，应使用一般过去时态，又因主语是单数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用一般过去时的被动语态且单数形式。故填was discovered。 答案：was discovered 8．考查词性转换。空处作宾语，用名词preference，结合冠词a可知，用单数名词。故填preference。 答案：preference Besides the giant panda, the remains of other rare animals were also found in the tomb，9. reflects the belief in the Han Dynasty that people would live a life in the underworld, similar to that when they 10. (be) alive. 9．考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，句中所述“发现大熊猫和其他稀有动物”这件事情在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which引导该定语从句。故填which。 答案：which $$