U1 Period 4 Discovering Useful Structures-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语必修第三册同步导学案配套PPT课件（人教版）

必修第三册 UNIT 1　FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS Period 4　Discovering Useful Structures 单元语法：The -ing form (1) as the attribute and the predicative [动词-ing 形式(1)作定语和表语] 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 核心语法 专项突破 课时作业 巩固提升 课堂检测 素养达标 核心语法 专项突破 [语法体会] 诵读下列句子并写出加黑部分所作的句子成分 1．(教材原文)Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones.____________ 2．(教材原文)During the Mid-Autumn Festival in China，families gather to admire the shining moon and enjoy delicious mooncakes.____________ 定语 定语 3．The most important thing is getting there in time.____________ 4．The film is encouraging，so I think it is worth watching._______ 表语 表语 [知识精要] 一、动词-ing形式作定语 动词-ing形式作定语时，单个的词常放在被修饰词之前，短语常放在被修饰词之后。 1．作定语表示被修饰词的某种功能或用途的动词-ing形式是动名词，相当于由for构成的介词短语。 a reading room＝a room for reading 阅览室 running shoes＝shoes for running 跑鞋 a working method＝a method for working 一种工作方法 a washing machine＝a machine for washing 一台洗衣机 2．现在分词作定语时，它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，表示所修饰词正在进行的动作，相当于一个定语从句。 The boy playing football on the playground is my younger brother. ＝The boy that/who is playing football on the playground is my younger brother. 在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的弟弟。 [特别提醒]　动词-ing形式、过去分词和动词不定式作定语的区别：动词-ing形式表示正在进行或习惯性的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成意义；动词不定式表示动作尚未发生。 The problem being discussed at the meeting is very important.(表示动作正在进行)会上正在讨论的问题非常重要。 The problem discussed at the meeting is very important.(表示动作已经完成)会上讨论过的问题非常重要。 The problem to be discussed at the meeting is very important.(表示动作将要发生)会上将要讨论的问题非常重要。 二、动词-ing形式作表语 作表语的动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。 1．现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等。作表语的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing等，这类分词有“令人……的”的含义，常修饰物。 The argument is very convincing.这个论点很令人信服。 Your speech is very interesting and encouraging.你的演讲很有趣而且很鼓舞人。 2．动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般用来说明主语的内容。 Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. ＝Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job. 她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。 [特别提醒]　(1)动词-ing形式(短语)与动词不定式(短语)作表语的区别： ①动词-ing形式(短语)作表语表示抽象的、一般性的动作。 Her hobby is collecting stamps.她的爱好是集邮。 ②动词不定式(短语)作表语表示一次具体的动作或将要发生的事。 His wish is to build a learning club for the kids.他的愿望是为孩子们成立一个学习俱乐部。 (2)感觉类及物动词的动词-ing形式与过去分词作表语的区别： 英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其动词-ing形式表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词表示被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情等。 I was deeply moved by his moving words.我被他那动人的话语深深地打动了。 The news of his death was surprising and we were all surprised.他去世的消息令人吃惊，我们都感到很惊讶。 课堂检测 素养达标 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Going into a hospital can be very ____________ (frighten) for a child. 2．He often carefully watches the doctors in the ____________ (operate) room. 3．The play _______________ (produce) next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. frightening operating to be produced 4．Recently a survey ____________ (compare) prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused a heated debate among citizens. 5．The professor ____________ (give) us a speech about writing now is from Peking University. 6．The result of the football match is really ________________ (disappoint). comparing giving disappointing 7．The teacher's explanation of the problem was so ____________ (confuse) that most of us couldn't understand. 8．The teacher's words were ____________ and all of us felt ____________．(encourage) confusing encouraging encouraged Ⅱ.完成句子 1．现如今，天空中有比以前任何时候都多的飞机，这些飞机能搭载更多的人。 Today there are more airplanes _______________________________ _____________ in the skies. 2．现在正在设计中的体育场将是我们城市最大的体育场。 The stadium ___________________ now will be the biggest one in our city. carrying more people than ever before being designed 3．至于你上封信问及我的学习和生活，我想和你分享一下我的近况。 As for your last letter ________________________________，I'd like to share with you how I'm getting along. 4．游泳池从早上8点到下午5点对公众开放。 ____________________________ to the public from 8 a．m.to5 p．m. asking about my study and life The swimming pool is open 5．学生在学校的主要任务是向老师学习知识。 The main task of students at school is __________________________ their teachers. learning knowledge from 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每小题1分，共6分) 1．The stadium ____________ (build) at present is intended for the coming sports meeting. 2．The flowers ____________ (smell) sweet in the botanical garden attract the visitors to enjoy the beauty of nature. 3．A woman asked the primary school in her neighborhood to accept her six-year-old son, who had a __________ (hear) disability. being built smelling hearing 4．The airport ________________ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 5．My job is ____________ (clean) the house three times a week. 6．The teaching and living conditions in this village were more ____________ (challenge) than he had thought. to be completed cleaning challenging Ⅱ.阅读理解 A I met a beautiful soul yesterday.I went to work with my computer to a local cafe so that I could have dinner there.It was raining a bit this time and also I was among people.Sometimes when you work from home all day this is in itself a treat.And the magic of connection sometimes happens—a smile, someone offering you the newspaper, a short conversation with the staff, a peace dove flying past and lots of possibilities for love and kindness. Well, magic did happen.I heard a man who was speaking with difficulty and very loud.I noticed he could not speak so clearly and he had some kind of impairment (损伤).As often happened, people looked at him or avoided doing so—and then—as if embarrassed or afraid—looked down.In these cases, I try to do the opposite.I imagined a person in these circumstances would want to feel included. So I decided to deliberately look at him and smile.It was an instant! He looked at me, smiled and immediately said hello.With a combination of spoken and body language he asked if he could approach me.I agreed.He introduced me to his friend who taught sign language online and explained that they were both deaf, after which he even told me about his wife and how he loved teaching.I apologized for not knowing sign language and hoped I'd learnt.We still managed to have a beautiful conversation which made us all very happy.I'm sure we'll meet again to experience the magic of being with others. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在咖啡馆里，作者的体贴和善解人意产生了奇迹般的效果，让作者与一位有交流障碍的人有了一段美好的交谈的故事。 1．Why did the author go to the cafe yesterday? A．To find someone beautiful. B．To work and eat something. C．To ask for the latest newspaper. D．To have a short talk with others. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I went to work with my computer to a local cafe so that I could have dinner there.”可知，作者去咖啡馆工作和吃饭。 2 3 1 4 2．How did the author react to the man with speaking difficulty? A．He pretended not to see him. B．He had a joke with him. C．He looked and smiled at him. D．He laughed at him like others. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“So I decided to deliberately look at him and smile.”可知，作者看着对方并对他微笑。 2 3 1 4 3．What's the most important to a disabled person? A．Being treated in a normal way. B．Accepting help from people around. C．Avoiding the embarrassments in life. D．Having a friend in the same situation. 答案：A 2 3 1 4 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In these cases, I try to do the opposite.I imagined a person in these circumstances would want to feel included.”可推知，作者认为对于那些有某方面障碍的人来说，让他们像正常人一样融入生活才是最重要的。 2 3 1 4 4．What could be the best title for the text? A．A Special Cafe B．A Broken Heart C．Power of Sign Language D．Magic at the Cafe 答案：D 2 3 1 4 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段最后一句以及最后一段中的“I'm sure we'll meet again to experience the magic of being with others.”可知，本文讲述了作者的一个微笑善举如同产生魔力一般，让作者与一位有交流障碍的人有了一段美好的交谈的故事，因此，D项最适合作为文章标题。 2 3 1 4 B The winter solstice (冬至) is an important solar term in the traditional Chinese calendar. It generally occurs between December 21st and 23rd.According to the traditional Chinese calendar, one year is divided into twenty-four solar terms. On this day, in the Northern Hemisphere the period of daytime is the shortest of the year and the period of night is the longest. In Northern China there is a custom of eating dumplings during winter solstice. The tradition of eating dumplings during winter solstice has its origin in early times. It is said that dumplings were invented by Zhang Zhongjing, a well-known doctor from the Eastern Han Dynasty. One winter, he noticed that many people's ears were frozen, which made him sad. In order to prevent and cure the freezing injury caused by the cold, he asked his followers to boil mutton, chilies and other ingredients with medicinal properties in a pot for fending off cold. After these were boiled, they ladled (舀取) the mutton and other ingredients out of the pot, cut them into pieces, and then wrapped them with dough skins in the shape of ears. Afterwards, they put these into pots to boil again. On the day of the winter solstice, the people whose ears were frozen were sent to eat the dumplings. People who ate them felt warm from head to toe and had their cold injury healed. Thereafter, every winter solstice people ate dumplings. Then there became a saying that if you eat dumplings during the winter solstice, then you won't freeze your ears off. Afterwards, Zhang Zhongjing died on the day of the winter solstice. In order to honour him, every year on the day of the winter solstice every household makes dumplings. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了北方地区在冬至吃饺子这一习俗的由来。 5．Which of the following could be the best title for the text? A．The Custom of Eating Dumplings During the Winter Solstice B．The Inventor of Dumplings C．The Importance of Eating Dumplings D．The Origin of the Winter Solstice 答案：A 6 7 5 8 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了在冬至那天吃饺子的习俗的由来。 6 5 7 8 6．What can be inferred from the text? A．The winter solstice is the most important among twenty-four solar terms. B．Australia in the Southern Hemisphere has the longest period of daytime on the winter solstice. C．If people don't eat dumplings, they will have their ears frozen off. D．China has the longest period of daytime on the winter solstice. 答案：B 6 5 7 8 6 5 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可知，在冬至这一天，北半球白天最短，因而南半球白天最长。澳大利亚位于南半球，在冬至这一天白天时间最长。 7 8 6 5 7．What does the underlined phrase “fending off” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Putting off.　　　 B．Putting out. C．Keeping up. D．Keeping out of. 答案：D 7 8 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段第二句可知，画线短语意为“抵挡”。 6 5 7 8 8．According to the text, why do people make dumplings every winter solstice? A．They want to honour Zhang Zhongjing, who invented dumplings to cure people's freezing injury. B．They want to celebrate the important solar term in the traditional Chinese calendar. 6 5 7 8 C．Dumplings boiled with mutton, chilies and other ingredients with medicinal properties taste delicious. D．They can feel warm from head to toe and have their freezing injury healed. 答案：A 6 5 7 8 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Afterwards, Zhang Zhongjing died on the day of the winter solstice. In order to honour him, every year on the day of the winter solstice every household makes dumplings.”可知，人们在冬至这一天包饺子是为了纪念张仲景。 6 5 7 8 Ⅲ.完形填空 I used to turn down my friends' invitations to swim.For me，being seen 1 in a swimsuit was impossible because I was shy.Even in 2 clothes，I felt everyone was thinking how fat I was and silently 3 me. It was a little easier when I was around people I 4 ．My friend，Dirk，had a 5 in his backyard and he sometimes invited me to swim there.However，one hot summer day，my heart 6 as I arrived.His slim sister，Casey，was there. “ 7 and get changed，” Dirk called out.“We're ready.” “I'm not feeling 8 today，” I said. Dirk explained to his sister，“She doesn't want to be in front of you in her swimsuit.” “Are you serious？” Casey said as she walked over to me.“Doing what you really 9 makes you beautiful.Now get changed and let's go.” It hit me that I'd been 10 my favorite activity because I was 11 of the way others would look at me. Some weeks later，it still took 12 to go to public swimming pools.But I 13 swimming there every few days and before I knew it，I was swimming almost daily.Months after my brief 14 with Dirk's kind and wise sister， 15 ，I overcame this problem. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者因为肥胖而不敢在公共场合穿泳衣，但在朋友的妹妹的鼓励下，作者逐渐克服了羞怯的故事。 2 3 1 4 1．A.in public　　　　 B．in danger C．in doubt D．in person 答案：A 解析：根据下文的“I felt everyone was thinking how fat I was and silently 3 me”可知，作者不敢在公共场合穿泳衣。 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2．A.strange B．expensive C．beautiful D．regular 答案：D 解析：根据上一句中的in a swimsuit及空前的even可知，作者十分害羞，即使穿普通衣服出现在公共场合也会感到不自在。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3．A.admiring B．judging C．suspecting D．warning 答案：B 解析：根据空前的“I felt everyone was thinking how fat I was”可知，作者总觉得大家都在评判她。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4．A.respected B．appreciated C．helped D．trusted 答案：D 解析：根据空后的“My friend，Dirk”可知，对作者来说，在信任的人面前穿泳衣游泳会相对容易一些。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5．A.pool B．tree C．pet D．table 答案：A 解析：根据空后的“he sometimes invited me to swim there”可知，Dirk家的后院有游泳池。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6．A.stopped B．opened C．sank D．ached 答案：C 解析：根据下文的“Dirk explained to his sister，‘She doesn't want to be in front of you in her swimsuit.'”可知，作者看到有陌生人在，故而心里一沉，开始感到不自在。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7．A.Go away B．Hurry up C．Cheer up D．Get ahead 答案：B 解析：根据下文的“We're ready.”可知，作者的朋友及其妹妹已经准备就绪，故此处是在催促作者快点换衣服。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 8．A.bored B．tired C．busy D．well 答案：D 解析：根据下文的“Dirk explained to his sister，‘She doesn't want to be in front of you in her swimsuit.'”可知，作者以不舒服为借口拒绝游泳。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9．A.need B．mean C．love D．dare 答案：C 解析：根据下文的my favorite activity可知，Casey说做自己喜欢的事情会使人变得漂亮。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10．A.avoiding B．seeking C．developing D．learning 答案：A 解析：根据文章第一段可知，作者常常因为害羞而不去游泳。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11．A.fond B．sure C．afraid D．guilty 答案：C 解析：联系上文可知，作者不去游泳是因为担心别人看她的方式。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 12．A.time B．courage C．money D．energy 答案：B 解析：根据空前的still可知，作者受到朋友的妹妹的鼓励后，仍然没有克服内心的恐惧，所以当她再去公共泳池游泳时还是需要勇气的。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13．A.risked B．kept C．missed D．considered 答案：B 解析：根据空后的“...before I knew it，I was swimming almost daily.”可知，尽管仍然害羞，但作者坚持在公共泳池游泳。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14．A.conflict B．discussion C．argument D．conversation 答案：D 解析：联系上文可知，此处指作者与朋友的妹妹的对话。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15．A.especially B．accidentally C．gradually D．suddenly 答案：C 解析：根据上文的“Some weeks later”及“Months after”可知，作者逐渐克服了自己的羞怯。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ⅳ.语法填空 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇新闻报道。第一届达尔文国际龙舟节于周日开幕，促进了澳大利亚和中国城市之间的体育和文化交流。 Darwin, Australia—The first Darwin International Dragon Boat Festival opened on Sunday, promoting sports and 1. (culture) exchanges between Australian and Chinese cities. 1．答案：cultural 解析：考查词性转换。形容词修饰名词，空处作定语，修饰名词exchanges，所以空处用形容词cultural。 Three teams from Australia and two teams from China's Guangzhou and Qingdao, respectively (分别), participated in the 200-meter dragon boat race 2. was held at Darwin Waterfront. 3. team from Guangzhou, the capital of China's Guangdong Province, won the race after several rounds of 4. (compete). 2．答案：that/which 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处及其后的内容为定语从句，先行词为race，空处在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词that或which。 3．答案：The 解析：考查冠词。根据上文“Three teams from Australia and two teams from China's Guangzhou and Qingdao”及下文“team from Guangzhou”可知，此处特指来自广州的队伍，所以用定冠词the，处于句首，首字母应大写。 4．答案：competitions 解析：考查名词单复数。根据句中“several rounds of ”可知，此处用名词复数competitions，作宾语。 Kon Vatskalis, mayor of Darwin, told Xinhua that the dragon boat race, a traditional event in China，5. (become) very popular in Darwin in recent years. “We've got a big thriving (蓬勃发展的) Chinese community that contributes a lot 6. our territory (地区). They brought with them the traditions and the customs，7. of course, the dragon boat is one of the customs. So we have had the races many times，” he said. John Holland, chair of the Australian Dragon Boat Federation, told Xinhua that the sport was greatly loved in the country. “It's an outdoor water sport, and 8. (interesting), it's very popular with women. We have more women than men as members，” he said. 5．答案：has become 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句中that引导宾语从句，空处为从句的谓语，结合句中“in recent years”可知，此处的时态用现在完成时；从句主语“the dragon boat race”为第三人称单数，助动词用has。 6．答案：to 解析：考查固定搭配。contribute to“对……作出贡献”，为固定搭配，to为介词。 7．答案：and 解析：考查连词。分析句子可知，空处前后的内容为并列关系，所以此处用并列连词and。 8．答案：interestingly 解析：考查词性转换。分析句子可知，空处在句中作状语修饰后面的句子，所以用副词interestingly。 While addressing the opening ceremony on Sunday, the Chinese Ambassador to Australia said with the Dragon Boat Festival 9.________ (approach), the event would enable more Darwin people and tourists 10. (appreciate) the elegance of Chinese culture. 9．答案：approaching 解析：考查with复合结构。分析句子可知，此处使用了with复合结构：with＋宾语＋宾语补足语，动词approach与名词短语the Dragon Boat Festival为逻辑上的主谓关系，所以此处用现在分词approaching。 10．答案：to appreciate 解析：考查非谓语动词。enable sb. to do sth.“使某人能够做某事”，不定式为宾语补足语，所以此处用不定式to appreciate。 $$