U4 Period 4 Discovering Useful Structures-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语必修第三册同步导学案配套PPT课件（人教版）

必修第三册 UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION Period 4　Discovering Useful Structures 单元语法：Infinitives (1) as the attribute and the adverbial [不定式(1)作定语和状语] 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 核心语法 专项突破 课时作业 巩固提升 课堂检测 素养达标 核心语法 专项突破 [语法体会] 诵读下列句子并写出加黑部分所作的句子成分 1．(教材原文)...Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space._______________________ 2．(教材原文)However，while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire to explore the universe did not die.__________________________ 不定式作定语 不定式作定语 [知识精要] 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和单复数的变化，动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等，但不能作谓语。 一、不定式的结构 基本结构：to＋动词原形，有时不定式符号to可以省略。 否定形式：not to＋动词原形。 不定式有时态和语态变化，通常有下表中的几种形式(以do为例)： 形式 主动 被动 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 进行式 to be doing — 完成进行式 to have been doing — 二、不定式作定语和状语 1．不定式作定语 (1)不定式作定语常表示将来的动作。 Are you going to attend their wedding to be held next month？你去参加他们下个月举行的婚礼吗？ (2)不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。 He has no pen to write with.他没有钢笔写字。 (3)不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no，all，any等限定的中心词，且与中心词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。 He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。 (4)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way等。 The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。 2．不定式作状语 (1)作目的状语 不定式作目的状语意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果强调目的性，不定式前也可加in order或so as，但so as to不能用于句首。 To pass the College Entrance Examination，we must work hard.为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。 (2)作结果状语 不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果。 Tom took a taxi to the airport，only to find his plane high up in the sky.汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。 (3)作原因状语 形容词或过去分词作表语时，后可接不定式作原因状语，用以说明产生这种情绪的原因或所表示的情况，常用于“主语(人)＋系动词＋形容词/过去分词＋to do”结构中。常用于这类结构中的形容词和过去分词有sorry，surprised，disappointed，excited，glad，happy，anxious，delighted，pleased，foolish等。 We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.令我们感到吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。 [名师点津]　还有一类形容词如easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，heavy，good，important，impossible, dangerous等，表示主语的特征或性质，后面也常用不定式作状语，不定式和句子主语之间存在动宾关系，但常用主动形式表示被动意义。 The morning air is so fresh to breathe that he gets up early every day.早上的空气呼吸起来很清新，因此他每天都起得很早。 课堂检测 素养达标 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．With a lot of work ____________ (do)，she wasn't allowed to leave her office. 2．Jennifer Mauer became the first in her large family ____________(earn) a doctor's degree. 3．The woman examined the bag carefully, only ____________ (find) that it contained some papers. to do to earn to find 4．____________ (promote) students' sense of social responsibility, moral education and some related activities should be strengthened. 5．Carol was happy that she had the chance ________________ (experience) the life in the city. 6．We're never going to have enough time _____________ (explore) everything! 7．I am honored ____________ (deliver) a speech at the opening ceremony on behalf of our school. To promote to experience to explore to deliver 8．The book is said ___________________________ (translate) into four languages so far. 9．The question _______________ (discuss) tomorrow is about the pollution. 10．There are still lots of problems ________________ (deal) with. to have been translated to be discussed to be dealt/to deal Ⅱ.完成句子 1．杰西有了一个可以玩的新玩具。 Jessie got a new toy _________________________________. 2．他是做这项工作的唯一人选。 He is the only person _____________________________. to play with to do the job 3．为了帮助学生学好汉语，我们学校已决定向你们的汉语班捐赠一些图书。 ________________________________________， our school has decided to donate some books to your Chinese class. 4．他急急忙忙赶到售票处，却被告知票已经被卖光了。 He hurried to the ticket office，______________________________ _______________________________________. To help the students to learn Chinese better only to be told no ticket was available/all the tickets had been sold out 5．为了吓走凶猛的狼，他用尽全力把自行车扔向它。 ________________________________，he threw his bike toward it with all his strength. 6．得知你被北京大学录取了，我非常高兴。 I'm more than delighted _____________________________________ __________________________________． To frighten the fierce wolf away to learn that you have been admitted to Peking University 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每小题1分，共10分) 1．____________ (win) the competition, the competitors have to practice hard day and night. 2．Many buildings in our school need repairing, but the one ________________ (repair) first is the library. 3．The old man sitting in front of the television was happy ____________ (watch) anything that happened to be on. To win to be repaired to watch 4．Thanks to your encouragement, I finally got the courage ____________ (face) the challenge. 5．To tell the truth, she was the most suitable woman ____________ (take) the job. 6．After school we went to the reading room to do some reading, only ____________ (tell) that it was being decorated. 7．My friend told me he had a lot of reading tasks ____________ (complete) before the end of the term. to face to take to be told to complete 8．There are five pairs ____________ (choose) from, but I'm at a loss which to buy. 9．I am to join in the reading competition ____________ (hold) next month. 10．As a matter of fact, they were very surprised _________________ (inform) of the news. to choose to be held to be informed Ⅱ.阅读理解 Born to an adventure loving mom and a National Geographic's photographer dad, Alison Teal was already exploring the world as a baby. The family traveled the globe staying not at five-star hotels but in a six-foot-wide tent. From cold mountaintops to hot jungles, they completely involved themselves in local nature and culture. Between journeys, they would return home to a quiet and faraway part of the Big Island of Hawaii, where they built a solar-powered oceanfront rest center. The front yard was the ocean, and Alison's friends were dolphins. She would dive into the water and release seaweed. A dolphin would catch it on its nose or fin and throw it to the next player. Over the years, the dolphins grew to trust Alison. They looked for her and came close to her in the water. After graduating from university, she continued her world travels. Her adventurous childhood and life skills landed her a spot in the reality show Naked and Afraid, in which she and her partner had to live on an unwelcoming island for 21 days. Alison's deep knowledge of how to live in a wilderness saved the pair, but what shocked her was the amount of trash washed up on the shore. “After that, I couldn't ignore our plastic problem. I shifted my focus and started to protect our greatest resource, the ocean，” says Alison. Swimming in familiar waters back home, she also found her dolphin friends were no longer tossing (抛) seaweed to each other, but plastic. “That was distressing，” she says. Her book，Alison's Adventures: Your Passport to the World, is filled with travel tales and environmental lessons. She also offers free adventure films to go along with each chapter on the Internet. Alison believes all of us can make changes to protect the Earth and, in turn, those we love. “Whether you're a lawyer, a gardener, an artist, a teacher or a surfer, we can all help in our own ways，” she says. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Alison Teal探索世界的故事以及她的环保理念。 1．What can we learn about Alison's early life? A．She led a lifestyle close to nature. B．She failed to get on well with her parents. C．She often felt lonely at her faraway home. D．She trained dolphins for an oceanfront rest center. 答案：A 2 3 1 4 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The family traveled the globe...involved themselves in local nature and culture.”可知，Alison早期的生活方式接近自然。 2 3 1 4 2．What is mentioned about Naked and Afraid? A．It was directed by Alison. B．It was designed to protect the ocean. C．Alison showed good survival skills in it. D．Alison fell in love with writing books in it. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Her adventurous childhood...an unwelcoming island for 21 days.”可知，Alison在节目中展现了良好的生存技能。 2 3 1 4 3．What does the underlined word “distressing” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Upsetting.　　　　　 B．Peaceful. C．Powerful. D．Unchangeable. 答案：A 2 3 1 4 解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“Swimming in familiar waters back home...but plastic.”可推知，海洋污染严重，这种情况是令人悲伤的，画线词distressing的意思是“使烦恼的”，和upsetting的意思相近。 2 3 1 4 4．What message does Alison most probably want to convey in her book? A．People should make better use of social media. B．It is helpful to take some adventurous travels in life. C．Everyone should do their part in environmental protection. D．One has to make suitable changes to achieve a successful career. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可推知，Alison最想在她的书中传达的是每个人都应该为环境保护尽自己的一份力。 2 3 1 4 Ⅲ.完形填空 I've always been attracted by scars (疤痕). I find it 1 when people are ashamed of the scars they have on their bodies. To me, scars 2 a light on who a person truly is. I was born in the year 2000. My parents 3 before I was born that I'd be a sick man because I was diagnosed with a variety of medical issues while still in the womb (子宫). Then days after I was born, I had my first surgery, 4 my first of many scars. I 5 myself to be quite different because my experiences are rare and very few people have the same scar as I do.It is 6 ，like me. Then, after several more months of going in and out of the hospital, I received my biggest and most meaningful scar from the six-hour open-heart surgery. This one 7 all the way down my chest. Typically, the heart is a symbol of 8 ， so I view this scar as representative of my ability to be a strong-willed person. Today, I am 9 healthy. Although I still go to the hospital for yearly check-ups, my heart condition does not cut off my abilities in any way. I'm able to take part in any physical activity that I 10 without worry. I love my scars. I 11 them as badges (徽章) of courage and survival. They are conversation starters. I often feel annoyed when people 12 their scars and I wonder why they would want to 13 their best stories. I wonder why they call their survival an 14 . If you have a scar, big or small, be 15 of it. It's part of who you are. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者多次手术后留下疤痕，但是他把这些疤痕看作骄傲。 2 3 1 4 1．A.painful B．funny C．amazing D．boring 答案：B 解析：根据文章首句“I've always been attracted by scars.”可知，当人们为自己身上的疤痕感到羞耻时，作者觉得很有趣(funny)。 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2．A.shine B．leave C．give D．show 答案：A 解析：根据空后的“a light on who a person truly is”和文章末句“It's part of who you are.”可知，作者认为疤痕是一个人独有的，它们照亮(shine)了一个人的真面目。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3．A.understood B．judged C．knew D．agreed 答案：C 解析：根据空后的“before I was born that I'd be a sick man because I was diagnosed with a variety of medical issues while still in the womb”可知，作者在子宫里的时候就被诊断患有各种疾病，所以作者的父母在作者出生前就知道(knew)作者会生病。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4．A.adopting B．missing C．losing D．gaining 答案：D 解析：根据空前的“Then days after I was born, I had my first surgery”可知，作者做了第一次手术，所以留下(gaining)了疤痕。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5．A.consider B．predict C．pretend D．present 答案：A 解析：根据空后的“because my experiences are rare”可知，作者认为(consider)自己是与众不同的。consider ... to be是固定搭配，意为“认为……是……”。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6．A.pretty B．formal C．original D．ordinary 答案：C 解析：根据上一句中的“I 5 myself to be quite different”和空后的“like me”可知，作者认为自己的疤痕很独特(original)。original意为“独创的，有独创性的”，符合语境。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7．A.runs B．divides C．sits D．fights 答案：A 解析：根据空后的“all the way down my chest”可知，疤痕一直延伸(runs)到胸口。此处run意为“延伸”，符合语境。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 8．A.generosity B．doubt C．love D．regret 答案：C 解析：根据空前的“Typically, the heart is a symbol of”并结合常识可知，心是爱(love)的象征。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9．A.exactly B．completely C．rarely D．hardly 答案：B 解析：根据下文“Although I still go to the hospital for yearly check-ups, my heart condition does not cut off my abilities in any way.”可知，作者如今非常(completely)健康。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10．A.please B．hate C．help D．follow 答案：A 解析：根据空前的“I'm able to take part in any physical activity that I ”可知，此处指参加自己喜欢(please)的体育活动。此处please意为“喜欢”，符合语境。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11．A.invite B．hire C．fix D．wear 答案：D 解析：根据空后的“them as badges of courage and survival”可知，此处指作者将这些疤痕作为勇气和生存的徽章戴在(wear)身上。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 12．A.dream about B．complain about C．bring about D．learn about 答案：B 解析：根据空前的“I often feel annoyed”可知，当人们抱怨(complain about)自己的疤痕时，作者常常感到恼火。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13．A.share B．tell C．record D．hide 答案：D 解析：上文提到人们抱怨自己的疤痕，说明人们不喜欢疤痕，想要把它们隐藏(hide)起来。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14．A.impoliteness B．imperfection C．impatience D．impossibility 答案：B 解析：上文提到人们抱怨自己的疤痕，说明人们不喜欢疤痕，将它们称为瑕疵(imperfection)。imperfection意为“瑕疵；缺点”，符合语境。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15．A.proud B．aware C．careful D．free 答案：A 解析：根据文章末句“It's part of who you are.”和上文描述的作者认为疤痕是独特的可知，作者认为要为自己有疤痕而感到骄傲(proud)。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ⅳ.语法填空 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国科学家第一次使用自主研发的500米口径球面射电望远镜发现并确定了6颗脉冲星。 Located in a natural depression in Guizhou，China's Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope，1. (know) as FAST，has identified six pulsars (脉冲星) after one year of trial operation.It is the first time that Chinese scientists have discovered pulsars using a radio telescope independently developed by Chinese scientists，thus 2. (open) a “new era of Chinese original space discovery”． 1．答案：known 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词has identified，且主语Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope和know是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作定语。 2．答案：opening 解析：考查非谓语动词。本句中已有谓语，设空处为非谓语形式作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，应使用现在分词形式。 It is truly encouraging for China to have achieved such results in just one year.Since the first pulsar 3. (discover)，over 2，700 pulsars have been identified.But almost all of them are 4. the scope of the Milky Way (银河系).Being the world's largest radio telescope，FAST is expected to capture pulsars outside the Galaxy.Apart from the massive size，it also has unmatched accuracy and sensitivity，allowing scientists 5. (find) previously hidden stars.Moreover，FAST is capable of surveying the night sky for multiple 6._____ (science) data at once，7. enables astronomers to jump-start many science goals.Its innovative engineering concept and design pave 8. new road to realize a huge single dish in the most effective way. 3．答案：was discovered 解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。从句中主语the first pulsar是单数形式，它和动词discover之间是动宾关系，且动作发生在过去，指“第一个脉冲星被发现”，用一般过去时的被动语态。 4．答案：in/within 解析：考查介词。此处指几乎所有的脉冲星都在银河系的范围内，表示“在……之内”。 5．答案：to find 解析：考查非谓语动词。allow sb.to do sth.表示“允许某人做某事”。 6．答案：scientific 解析：考查词性转换。此处修饰名词data，应用形容词形式，指“科学的数据”。 7．答案：which 解析：考查定语从句。此处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的整个句子，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。 8．答案：a 解析：考查冠词。句中road是可数名词单数形式，此处指“其创新的工程理念和设计铺设了一条新路”，且road是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。 China's FAST science impact on astronomy will be extraordinary，and has the potential to revolutionize other 9. (area) of the natural science. It 10. (remain) the global leader for the next 10 to 20 years. 9．答案：areas 解析：考查名词单复数。提示词area是可数名词，空前有other修饰，所以空处用复数形式。 10．答案：will remain 解析：考查动词的时态。根据句中的时间状语the next 10 to 20 years可知，用一般将来时，表示它在未来10到20年将保持全球领先地位。 $$