U5 Period 5 Lesson 2 & Lesson 3—Language Points-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第二册同步导学案配套PPT课件（北师大版）

选择性必修 第二册 UNIT 5　EDUCATION Period 5　Lesson 2 & Lesson 3—Language Points 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 课时作业 巩固提升 课堂检测 素养达标 词汇识记 1.objective n.目的，目标 adj.客观的 with the objective of目标是 Your account of the whole event should be not only vivid but also objective. 你对整个事件的描述不仅要生动还要客观。 A sports meeting will be held in our school with the objective of promoting our awareness of physical well-being. 我们学校将举行一次运动会，目的是提高我们的身体健康意识。 2.pursue vt.追求 pursuit n.追求，寻找；追赶 In the process of pursuing the truth，not only should you possess sharp insight，but also you should have the critical spirit. 在追求真理的过程中，你不仅要拥有敏锐的洞察力，而且要有批判精神。 Getting your priorities in order is a good way to avoid wasting energy on meaningless pursuits. 分清轻重缓急是避免在无意义的追求上浪费精力的好方法。 3.critical adj.批评的，批判的 critically adv.危急地；严重地 criticise v.批评，指责，批判；评论 criticism n.批判；指责 critic n.批评家；评论家 Some literary critics criticised him for his moral sense.As to these criticisms，the writer held a critical attitude，not accepting all. 一些文学评论家批评他的道德观念。对于这些批评，作者持批判的态度，并不是全部接受。 4.insight n.洞察力；顿悟 This is a book full of profound，original and challenging insights. 这本书充满了深刻、新颖、富有挑战性的见解。 5.educate vt.教育；教导，指导 education n.教育 educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的 educational adj.有教育意义的 educator n.教育工作者；教育家，学者 My grandpa is a respected educator，who attaches great importance to my education.To stimulate my learning enthusiasm and initiative，he always exposes me to some educational speeches and lectures. 我爷爷是一位受人尊敬的教育家，他非常重视我的教育。为了激发我的学习热情和主动性，他总是让我参加一些教育演讲和讲座。 6.contribute vi.& vt.奉献，捐献 contribution n.贡献，捐献 It is urged that we should spare no effort to make contributions to the ocean protection. 人们敦促我们应该不遗余力地为海洋保护做出贡献。 I am convinced that each of us can contribute to the future of the world. 我相信我们每一个人都能够对世界的未来有所贡献。 7.finance n.金融；财政 v.提供资金 financial adj.金融的，财政的 financially adv.财政上，金融上，经济上 She is a core member in a finance company，so you can rely on her to give you some financial assistance when necessary. 她是一家金融公司的核心成员，所以你可以依靠她在必要时为你提供一些经济援助。 8.economics n.经济学 economical adj.经济的，实惠的；节俭的 economic adj.经济(上)的 economy n.经济 I hope you can major in economics in college，and then contribute to our country’s economic development after graduation，which is also the most economical way to pursue your dream. 我希望你能在大学主修经济学，毕业后为我们国家的经济发展做出贡献，这也是追求梦想的最经济的方式。 9.expose vt.使接触；使体验；使暴露；揭露 exposure n.接触；暴露 Generally speaking，there is a direct link between exposure to sun and skin cancer. 一般来说，阳光照射与皮肤癌有直接关系。 Having been exposed to foreign teachers since a young age，I can communicate freely with others in English. 我从小就接触外教，因此我能够用英语和他人自由交流。 10.surrounding adj.四周的，附近的 surround v.包围；围绕 surroundings n.环境 Small towns in South India serve as economic and cultural centres for the surrounding villages. 印度南部的小城镇是周边村庄的经济和文化中心。 Being surrounded with/by a group of enthusiastic people is beneficial to both your physical and mental health. 被一群热情的人包围对你的身心健康都有好处。 Thanks to your company and support，I soon adapted to my new surroundings. 多亏有你的陪伴和支持，我很快就适应了新环境。 11.judgement n.判断力；意见，评价；判决 judge v.判断n.法官，审判员 Judging from his satisfied expression，I am sure he will approve of my proposal. 从他满意的表情来看，我相信他会同意我的建议。 It is time that we evaluated his performance and made some objective judgements. 该是我们评估他的表现并做出一些客观判断的时候了。 12.regardless (of) 不管；不顾 All applicants will be considered regardless of age，sex，religion or nationality. 所有申请者，不论其年龄、性别、宗教信仰或国籍，都将被考虑。 13.behave vi.表现 behavio(u)r n.表现；行为 behave well/badly/poorly表现好/不好 behave oneself举止得体 Every time I went to the library，my grandma would remind me to behave myself. 每次我去图书馆，我奶奶都会提醒我要守规矩。 There is no denying that good surroundings are beneficial to children’s behavio(u)r. 不可否认，良好的环境对孩子的行为是有益的。 14.circumstance n.境况，状况；情况，情形 under/in no circumstances无论如何都不，决不(置于句首，句子用部分倒装) if circumstances permit/allow如果情况允许的话 under/in the circumstances在这种情况下；既然如此 Under/In no circumstances will I give up the objective of founding a company.As a consequence，if circumstances permit/allow，I will take immediate actions to achieve my dream. 我决不放弃创办一家公司的目标。因此，如果情况允许的话，我将立即采取行动去实现我的梦想。 15.conclusion n.结论 in conclusion最后 conclude v.推断出；得出结论 conclude...from...从……中推断出…… I drew the final conclusion based on accurate analysis instead of a personal assumption. 我根据准确的分析而不是个人的假设得出了最后的结论。 This is the moral lesson that I have concluded from your story. 这是我从你的故事中得出的道德教训。 16.definition n.定义，释义 define v.下定义 define...as...把……定义为…… There is no general agreement on a standard definition of “intelligence”. 对“智力”的标准定义意见不统一。 No one knows how to exactly define the concept of being cool. 没有人知道如何准确定义“酷”的概念。 17.respectively adv.各自地 Their sons，Ben and Jonathan，were three and six respectively. 他们的儿子，本和乔纳森，分别是3岁和6岁。 18.responsibility n.责任 responsible adj.有责任的 be responsible for对……负责 responsibly adv.明事理地；认真负责地；可信赖地 irresponsible adj.不负责任的 take responsibility for对……负有责任 All of us need to behave more responsibly for a better future. 为了更美好的未来，我们所有人都需要表现得更负责。 There is no doubt that everyone should be responsible/take responsibility for the ocean protection. 毫无疑问，每个人都应该对海洋保护负责。 19.priority n.优先处理的事；优先权 prior adj.先前的，较早的，在前的；优先的，占先的，较重要的 prior to在……之前，先于…… Prior to graduating，students must take an overall examination. 毕业前，学生必须参加一次全面考试。 20.initiative n.倡议，新方案；主动性，积极性，自发性 He showed little initiative，dealing with all matters strictly by the book. 他缺乏主动性，墨守成规地处理一切事情。 A four-year tea promotion—Tea Road Cooperative Plan—was also issued in accordance with the initiative.(2022·全国乙卷，语法填空) 根据该倡议，还发布了为期四年的茶叶推广——茶叶之路合作计划。 21.autonomous adj.自主的；自治的 Owing to the efforts of all its citizens，this African country has become independent and autonomous. 由于所有公民的努力，这个非洲国家已经独立自主了。 22.brilliant adj.聪颖的，才华横溢的 She could have been a brilliant pianist if she’d put her mind to it. 如果她用心的话，她本可以成为一名杰出的钢琴家。 23.demonstrate vt.展示；说明 demonstration n.游行示威；示范，演示；证明 To further explain this abstract concept，you’d better use a vivid example to demonstrate it. 为了进一步解释这个抽象概念，你最好用一个生动的例子来演示它。 24.assess vt.评价 assessment n.评估，评价 A shortage of experience caused us to assess what had happened in an incorrect way. 缺乏经验导致我们以错误的方式评估发生了什么。 My assessments were based on the assumption that house prices would remain steady. 我的评估是基于房价将保持稳定的假设。 25.obvious adj.显然的，明显的；易理解的 There are obvious differences between customs in western countries and those in China. 西方国家的习俗和中国的习俗有着明显的区别。 26.rank n.等级 ranking n.排名 rank first/second/...排名第一/第二/…… Don’t care too much about the ranking as long as you have tried your best. 只要你尽力了，就不要太在意排名。 Having worked hard for months，he finally ranked first in the final examination. 经过几个月的努力，他终于在期末考试中名列第一。 27.inefficient adj.效率低的 efficient adj.高效的 efficiency n.效率 To some charity volunteers，sometimes it is hard to discriminate between real and pretended cases of poverty，which makes their work inefficient. 对一些慈善志愿者来说，有时候很难辨别真实的和虚假的贫困案例，这使得他们的工作效率低下。 We must take some measures to stimulate learning motivation and promote learning efficiency. 我们必须采取一些措施来激发学习动机，提高学习效率。 28.worthy adj.有价值的；值得尊敬的 worth adj.值得的，具有……价值的 n.价格，价值 worthwhile adj.重要的，有益的，值得做的 It is worthwhile to take the expert’s advice into consideration. 考虑专家的建议是值得的。 29.primitive adj.原始的 To our astonishment，the facilities on the campsite were very primitive. 令我们惊讶的是，营地的设施非常简陋。 30.approve vt.赞成；赞许；批准 approval n.赞成；批准 disapproval n.不赞成；不批准 We would be grateful if you could give approval to our proposal. 如果您能批准我们的提议，我们将不胜感激。 31.urge vt.强烈要求；敦促 urgent adj.紧急的 urgency n.紧迫；急迫 The current circumstances urged us to shoulder the responsibility immediately. 目前的情况促使我们立即承担起责任。 I am exceptionally sorry for having you waiting for so long，but I had an urgent meeting to attend to just now. 我非常抱歉让你等了这么长时间，但是我刚才有一个紧急会议要参加。 32.prison n.监狱 put sb.in prison把某人关进监狱 A once respected civil servant was accused of committing a severe crime and put in prison. 一位曾经受人尊敬的公务员被指控犯有重罪并被关进监狱。 33.abandon vt.放弃；抛弃 In each episode of the programme，he is abandoned in a wild area and has to find his way out. 在每一期节目中，他都被抛弃在荒野中，必须自己找到出去的路。 34.assumption n.假定，假设 assume v.假定，假设 On the assumption that/Assuming that I am chosen to be chairman of the Student Union，I will organize more colorful after-class activities to enrich our school life. 假如我被选为学生会主席，我将组织更多丰富多彩的课外活动以丰富我们的学校生活。 I made an assumption that the injured dog was abandoned by its former owner. 我猜想这只受伤的狗是被它以前的主人遗弃的。 35.wisdom n.智慧 wise adj.明智的 wisely adv.明智地 Cultural relics represent the wisdom of our ancestors，so we must spare no effort to protect them. 文化遗产代表着我们祖先的智慧，因此我们必须不遗余力地保护它们。 It’s wise of you to set out early for your destination. 你早点出发去目的地是明智的。 If you plan ahead and use your time wisely，the application process can be very easy. 如果你提前计划，合理利用时间，申请过程是很容易的。 36.owe vt.有……是由于；把……归功于 owe sb.sth.=owe sth.to sb.欠某人某物；把……归功于…… owing to由于 I owe you an apology/owe an apology to you because I can’t accompany you to the library at the appointed time. 非常抱歉我不能在约定好的时间陪你去图书馆了。 It is announced that owing to bad weather，the next flight will be cancelled. 据通知，由于天气恶劣，下一轮航班将被取消。 37.conventional adj.守旧的；传统的 No one knows why he holds a conventional attitude towards the initiative. 没有人知道他为什么对这项倡议持保守态度。 38.vital adj.极其重要的，必不可少的 More and more people are aware that it is vital that we should learn to live in harmony with nature. 越来越多的人意识到我们应学会与自然和谐相处是至关重要的。 39.beneficial adj.有利的，有帮助的 benefit v.对……有益n.益处 You must study hard for the benefit of your own/for your own benefit. 为了你自己的利益你必须努力学习。 40.entitle vt.名为……；使有权利 entitle sb.to sth.使享有权利；使符合资格 I came across an English classic entitled The Call of the Wilderness，which was full of wisdom. 我偶然发现了一本名为《荒野的呼唤》的英国名著，这本书充满了智慧。 41.imply vt.意味着…… implication n.含意；可能的影响 In his speech，he implied that not all judgements were based on objective truths. 他在演讲中暗示，并非所有的判断都基于客观事实。 42.routine n.惯例，常规；例行公事；一套动作 This is an easy routine，designed for anyone who is unused to exercise. 这是一套简单的动作，是为不常锻炼的人设计的。 The summer days wore on and life returned to its boring routine. 夏天的时光已经流逝，生活又恢复了昔日的无聊。 43.arrange vt.排列，布置 arrangement n.安排；排列，布置 Welcome to our school and we have arranged for Mr.Li to meet you at the airport. 欢迎来我们学校，我们已安排李先生到机场接您。 We would appreciate it a lot if you could tell us your routine，so that we can make appropriate arrangements in advance. 如果您能告诉我们您的日常安排，我们将非常感激，这样我们可以提前做出适当的安排。 默写练习 【限时：15分钟】 Ⅰ.默写重点单词 1. __________ vt.追求 2. __________ n.洞察力；顿悟 3. __________ n.判断力；意见，评价；判决 4. ____________ n.境况，状况；情况，情形 5. ____________ adv.各自地 pursue insight judgement circumstance respectively 6. __________ n.优先处理的事；优先权 7. __________ n.主动性 8. ____________ adj.自主的；自治的 9. __________ adj.聪颖的，才华横溢的 10. __________ n.等级 11. __________ n.惯例，常规；例行公事 12. ____________ adj.效率低的 priority initiative autonomous brilliant rank routine inefficient 13. __________ adj.有价值的；值得尊敬的 14. __________ adj.原始的 15. __________ vt.放弃；抛弃 16. ______________ adj.守旧的；传统的 17. __________ adj.极其重要的，必不可少的 18. __________ vt.名为……；使有权利 19. __________ vt.意味着…… worthy primitive abandon conventional vital entitle imply 20. _____________ adj.四周的，附近的→__________ v.包围；围绕→_____________ n.环境 21. _____________ n.责任→____________ adj.有责任的→_____________ adj.不负责任的 22. __________ vt.评价→__________ n.评估，评价 23. __________ vt.赞成；赞许；批准→__________ n.赞成；批准→ __________ n.不赞成；不批准 surrounding surround surroundings responsibility responsible irresponsible assess assessment approve approval disapproval 24. __________ adj.批评的，批判的→ __________ adv.危急地； 严重地→__________ adv.无鉴别力地；不加批评地→__________ v.批评，指责，批判；评论→__________ n.批判；指责 25. __________ vt.强烈要求；敦促→__________ adj.紧急的→__________ n.紧迫；急迫 26. ____________ n.假定，假设→__________ v.假定，假设 critical critically uncritically criticise criticism urge urgent urgency assumption assume 27. __________ n.智慧→__________ adj.明智的→__________ adv.明智地 28. __________ adj.有利的，有帮助的→__________ v.对……有益 n.益处 29. __________ vt.约束，限制→__________ n.约束，限制→__________ adj.受限的，受约束的 30. __________ vt.排列，布置→____________ n.安排；排列，布置 wisdom wise wisely beneficial benefit restrict restriction restricted arrange arrangement Ⅱ.词形变化填空 1.Young as he is，he has a strong sense of _______________ (responsible). 2.It is reported that three workers were __________ (critical) injured in an accident. 3.The philosopher turned on the light and examined his ______________ (surrounding). responsibility critically surroundings 4.Obviously，Morrison shows her _____________ (approval) towards the two extreme approaches. 5.Your __________ (assess) should not be based on your casual assumption，which is not objective. disapproval assessment Ⅲ.默写核心短语 1. _____________________ 为……负责任  2. ______________ 赞成  3. ________________ 督促某人做某事  4. _______________ 把……关进监狱  5. ___________ 对……至关重要  6. ___________ 代替……；而不是  7. _____________ 提出  take responsibility for approve of urge sb.to do sth. put...in prison be vital to instead of put forward 8. ________________ 换句话说  9. ______________________________ 对……有好处  10. ___________________ 假设，猜想  11. __________ 由于  12. _________________ 使某人享有……的权利/资格  13. _____________________ 安排某人去做某事  14. __________ 一系列  15. __________ 而不是  16. __________ 结果  in other words be beneficial to/be of benefit to make an assumption owing to entitle sb.to sth. arrange for sb.to do sth. a range of rather than as a result Ⅳ.选词填空 从核心短语中选择合适的完成下列句子 1.Now that you have ______________ my idea，I will introduce it to you in detail.  2.Not everyone was in favor of the suggestion he _____________ at the meeting.  3.He was involved in a bank robbery and _______________ at last.  approved of put forward was put in prison 4.Who do you think should ______________________ the accident yesterday?  5.There is a saying that you are what you eat；______________，a good diet is important for good health.  6. __________ his illness，Peter couldn’t keep up with the rest of the class and got badly behind.  take responsibility for in other words Owing to [教材原文] Obviously，certain kinds of knowledge are necessary not only to pursue certain careers but also to contribute to the world.显然，某些知识不仅是追求某些职业所必需的，也是对世界做出贡献所必需的。 词汇精研 1.contribute vi.& vt.奉献，捐献；投稿；有助于，促成 (1)contribute...to...把……捐献给……；为(报纸等)撰稿 contribute to贡献；有助于；投稿给；导致；捐款 (2)contribution n.贡献 make a contribution/contributions to (doing) sth.对(做)某事做出贡献 (3)contributor n.贡献者；投稿者；捐赠者 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译 ①Everyone is willing to contribute food and clothes __________ the homeless people. ②From this story，I am firmly convinced of the importance of honesty，which will contribute to __________ (build) a warm and harmonious society. ③Failure can make a positive ____________ (contribute) to your life once you learn to use it. to building contribution ④那天晚上，我下定决心要继续在农场干活，为家里做点贡献。 →That night，I made up my mind that I would continue the work on the farm and _______________ my family’s household.(contribute)  →That night，I made up my mind that I would continue the work on the farm and ________________________________ my family’s household.(contribution)  contribute to make a contribution/contributions to [巧学助记] The contributor contributed a lot of money to the project； that is to say，his contribution was great.这位捐助者为这个项目捐献了很多钱；也就是说，他的贡献是巨大的。 [名师点津]　contribute to和make a contribution/contributions to中的to都是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。 [教材原文] ...we need to be able to read，so that we are able to communicate and expose ourselves to new things.……我们需要能够阅读，这样我们就能够交流，让自己接触到新的事物。 2.expose vt.使接触；使体验；使暴露；揭露 (1)expose...to...使……暴露于/面临/遭受…… (be) exposed to...暴露于……；处于可能受到伤害的境地 expose sth.to sb.向某人揭发某事 expose sb.to sth.使某人接触到某物；使某人面临/遭受某事 (2)exposure n.暴露；揭露 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/句式升级 ①The newspaper exposed his secret __________ the public. ②Travelling abroad exposes children __________ different languages and cultures. ③After only a short __________ (expose) to sunlight，his face began to turn red. to to exposure ④Being exposed to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin. →_______________________________________ will be harmful to your skin.(动名词短语作主语)  ⑤Ever since childhood，I have been exposed to English，so I have a good command of English. →_____________________________________________，I have a good command of English.(分词短语作状语)  Exposing yourself to the sunlight for too long Having been exposed to English ever since childhood [教材原文] Besides，education provides another deeper kind of knowledge，which lets us understand how the surrounding world works.此外，教育提供了另一种更深层次的知识，让我们了解周围的世界是如何运作的。 3.surrounding adj.四周的，附近的 (1)surroundings n.环境；周围的事物 (2)surround vt.环绕，围绕；(使)包围 surround...with...用……环绕/包围…… be surrounded by/with...被……包围/环绕 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/句式升级 ①It took me a few weeks to get used to my new _______________ (surround). ②Last Sunday our class organized a trip to the Daming Lake Park，which is surrounded __________ tall trees. ③Because this forest is surrounded by the clear water，it can provide visitors with a wonderful chance to see endangered birds in the wild. →_________________________，this forest can provide visitors with a wonderful chance to see endangered birds in the wild.(过去分词短语作状语)  surroundings with/by Surrounded by the clear water [巧学助记] When you feel ready，create your own zone of comfort surrounded in a warm white light which protects your surroundings yet accepted by others.当你感觉准备好了，在温暖的白光中创造你自己的舒适区，保护你周围的环境，同时也为他人所接受。 [教材原文] It makes people behave with integrity，regardless of background and circumstances.它使人们行为正直，无论背景和环境如何。 4.behave v.表现；表现得体，有礼貌 (1)behave well/badly表现良好/行为不端 behave oneself 守规矩；表现得体 (2)well-behaved adj.表现好的 badly-behaved adj.表现差的 (3)behaviour n.举止，行为 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I think all of us should mind our __________ (behave) in public places. ②Behave __________ (you)； don’t make a fool of yourself. ③培养儿童用餐时举止得体是很困难的。 It’s hard to train children to ______________ at the table.  ④事实上，这意味着一个孩子在感到愤怒时表现不好。 In fact，it means that a kid ______________ when feeling angry.  behaviour yourself behave well behaves badly [教材原文] It makes people behave with integrity， regardless of background and circumstances.它使人们行为正直，无论背景和环境如何。 5.circumstance n.境况，状况；情形，情况(常用复数形式circumstances) under/in no circumstances无论如何都不(位于句首时句子要部分倒装) under/in the circumstances在这种情况下，既然这样 in any circumstance(s)在任何情况下 [即学即练]——完成句子/同义句转换 ①如果你收到它，不论在任何环境下都不要打开它，并立即删除它。 If you receive it，______________________ do not open it and delete it immediately.  in any circumstance(s) ②在这种情况下，他觉得无法接受这项工作。 _________________________，he felt unable to accept the job.  ③He isn’t a reliable man.You shouldn’t lend him any money at all. →He isn’t a reliable man. ________________________________ lend him any money.  In/Under the circumstances In/Under no circumstances should you [名师点津]　表示“决不”且与under/in no circumstances用法类似的词组还有in no case，at no time，by no means，in no way，on no account，on no condition等。 [教材原文] In conclusion，education is important not only because it facilitates individual development，but also promotes social and national development.总之，教育很重要，因为它不仅促进个人发展，而且可以促进社会和国家的发展。 6.conclusion n.结论；结束 (1)come to/arrive at/reach/draw a conclusion得出结论 bring...to a conclusion使……结束 in conclusion最后，总之 (2)conclude v.推断出；结束 conclude that结论是 conclude...with...以……结束…… (3)conclusive adj.结论性的，不容置疑的，确凿的 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It took the jury a long time to reach the __________ (conclude) that she was guilty. ②__________ conclusion，I’d like to say how much I’ve enjoyed staying here. ③我们将以这首国歌结束这场音乐会。 We will ________________________ the national anthem.  ④我断定，他不是这项工作的合适人选。 I’ve ________________________________________ that he’s not the right person for the job.  conclusion In conclude the concert with come to/arrived at/drawn/reached a conclusion [巧学助记] The researcher concluded his research with the conclusion that he drew from his work.研究人员用他从工作中得出的结论总结了他的研究。 [教材原文] Well，I believe it is the students’ responsibility to take the initiative to become autonomous learners.嗯，我认为主动成为自主学习者是学生的责任。 7.responsibility n.责任；义务 (1)It is one’s responsibility to do sth.做某事是某人的责任 take responsibility for为……负责 (2)responsible adj.有责任的，应负责任的 be responsible for sth.对某事负责任；是某事的原因 be responsible to sb.向某人负责 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译 ①The pilot of the plane should be responsible __________ the passengers’ safety. ②If you serve your community，you will grow up to be a good citizen with a strong sense of ______________ (responsible). for responsibility ③当我们成为青少年的时候，我们注意到我们应该对我们在社会中的行为负责。 →The moment we become teenagers，we notice that we should _____________________ our behaviour in society.(responsible)  →The moment we become teenagers，we notice that we should ____________________ our behaviour in society.(responsibility)  be responsible for take responsibility for [教材原文] ...but the worthy search for knowledge.……而是探索有价值的知识。 8.worthy adj.有价值的；值得尊敬的 (1)sth.be worthy to be done/of being done 某事值得被做 be worthy of 值得……的 (2)worthless adj.无价值的，没用处的 (3)worth adj.值……钱的n.价值 be worth (doing) sth.值得(做)某事 (4)worthwhile adj.值得(做)的 it be worthwhile doing/to do sth.做某事是值得的 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译 ①A number of the report’s findings are worthy __________ note. ②Sometimes we suppose that it is worthwhile_________________ __________ (experience) a little unnecessary danger.  ③这篇文章值得仔细研究。 →__________________________________(be worthy of)  →_________________________________________(be worthy of being done)  of experiencing/to experience The article is worthy of careful study. The article is worthy of being studied carefully. →______________________________________(be worthy to be done)  →__________________________________(worth)  →_______________________________________________ (worthwhile)  The article is worthy to be studied carefully. The article is worth studying carefully. It’s worthwhile studying/to study the article carefully. [巧学助记] It is worthwhile to travel to Beijing，because many places of interest are well worth visiting.The Great Wall is particularly worthy of being visited.去北京旅游是值得的，因为许多名胜古迹都值得一游。长城特别值得一游。 [名师点津]　(1)表示“很值得做……”，要用be well worth doing...。 (2)worth一般只作表语；而worthy和worthwhile既可作表语又可作定语。 [教材原文] At first，people approved of his studies and urged him to continue，but later when he proved Aristotle wrong，they grew angry and put him in prison.起初人们认可他的研究成果，催促他继续研究，但是当他证实亚里士多德有错时，他们生气了，并把他送进了监狱。 9.approve vt.赞成；赞许；批准 (1)approve of赞成；赞许 approve of (sb./sb.’s) doing...赞同/支持(某人)做…… approve sth.批准某事 (2)approval n.同意；批准 meet with sb.’s approval得到某人的批准 win/earn sb.’s approval取得某人的同意/赞成 give approval to...批准…… [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I would appreciate it if my application could get your __________ (approve). ②I approve of your __________ (try) to make some money，but please don’t neglect your studies. ③最近做的一项调查显示，并非所有的父母都赞成孩子们参加周末课程。 A survey done recently shows that ____________________________ __________________________________________________.  approval trying not all parents approve of their children/children’s taking part in the weekend classes ④如果您能批准我的申请，我将不胜感激。 ____________________________________________________________________ ⑤让我失望的是，我的新计划没有得到我老板的批准。 What made me disappointed was that my new plan failed to _____________________________.  [名师点津]　要表达“赞成某人做某事”，不可直译成approve sb.to do sth.或在其后跟that从句，可用approve of sb.’s doing sth.表达。 I would appreciate it if you could give your approval to my application.  meet with my boss’s approval [教材原文] At first，people approved of his studies and urged him to continue，but later when he proved Aristotle wrong，they grew angry and put him in prison.起初人们认可他的研究成果，催促他继续研究，但是当他证实亚里士多德有错时，他们生气了，并把他送进了监狱。 10.urge vt.强烈要求；敦促，力劝n.强烈的欲望，冲动 (1)urge sb.to do/into doing sth.强烈要求某人做某事 urge sth.on/upon sb.向某人强调某事 urge that sb.(should) do sth.极力主张某人(应该)做某事 It is urged that...(should) do sth.坚决要求…… (2)have an urge to do sth.渴望做某事 (3)urgent adj.紧急的，紧迫的 urgency n.紧急；紧急的事 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译 ①The government urged the citizens __________ (recycle) the garbage to create a clean environment.  ②It’s urged that every effort __________________ (make) to bring down the prices.  ③The people in the earthquake-stricken area are in __________ (urge) need of food，medicine and shelters. to recycle (should) be made urgent ④Mr.Turner had an urge __________ (open) a shop of his own.  ⑤Urged __________ by the crowd，the Italian team scored two more goals. ⑥随着考试的来临，老师敦促我们努力学习。 →Our teacher _____________________ with the exam drawing near.(urge sb.to do sth.)  →Our teacher ____________________________ with the exam drawing near.(urge sb.into doing sth.)  →Our teacher ______________________________ with the exam drawing near.(urge that)  to open on urges us to study hard urges us into studying hard urges that we (should) study hard [名师点津]　urge后跟that从句时或在句型It is urged that...中，that从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。 [教材原文] People make the assumption that if someone important and respected says that something is right，then it must be so.如果一个重要的、受人尊敬的人说某件事是对的，那么人们就会认为这件事一定是对的。 11.assumption n.假定，假设 (1)make an assumption认为，假定，做出假设 on the assumption that...假定……，假设…… (2)assume vt.假定，假设；认为 assume...to be...认为……是…… assume (that)...认为…… It is (generally) assumed that...人们(普遍)认为…… (3)assuming conj.假定，假设 assuming (that)...假定…… [即学即练]——单句语法填空/句式升级 ①A lot of people make the __________ (assume) that poverty only exists in the third world. ②We must assume him __________ (be) innocent until he is proved guilty.  ③We are working __________ the assumption that everyone invited will turn up. assumption to be on ④People assume that what they do has little effect on the environment. →___________________________________________________________________(用it作形式主语)  [巧学助记] They assumed that there would be a substitute for the Earth but the assumption seemed impossible.他们假设会有一个地球的替代品，但这个假设似乎是不可能的。 It is assumed that what people do has little effect on the environment. [名师点津]　在英语中，有些看上去是现在分词或过去分词的词，实际上却常用作介词或连词。与assuming类似的词有： ·considering prep.& conj.鉴于，考虑到 ·given prep.鉴于，考虑到 ·supposing conj.假设，假如 ·provided/providing conj.假如，如果 [教材原文] These men knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for； more vital to a man，and more beneficial to mankind，some might say，than all the money in the world.这些伟人懂得，知识和对世界的认识才是值得追求的；正如一些人所言，和全世界的金钱相比，这些对个人而言更重要，对全人类而言更有益。 12.beneficial adj.有利的，有帮助的 (1)be beneficial to对……有益 (2)benefit vi.得益于 vt.使受益 n.好处 benefit from从……中受益 be of benefit to对……有益处 for the benefit of为了……的利益 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①As we all know，books are the source of knowledge，_________ which I benefit a lot. ②In fact，music education is __________ (benefit) and important for all students. ③毫无疑问，一个和谐的家庭对孩子的个人发展是有益的。 There is no doubt that ______________________________________ ______________________________________.  from beneficial a harmonious family is beneficial/of benefit to/benefits a child’s personal development ④许多忠实的士兵为了祖国的利益而牺牲了他们的生命。 Many faithful soldiers lost their lives ________________ their motherland.  ⑤很明显，做眼保健操对我们的眼睛有益，也就是说，我们的眼睛可以从做眼保健操中受益。 It’s obvious that doing eye exercises _______________，and that’s to say，our eyes can _______________________________.  for the benefit of benefits our eyes benefit from/by doing eye exercises [教材原文] ...people like Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)，who proved the idea that “the Earth is not the centre of the universe”，were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence.……像伽利略·伽利莱(1564-1642)那样证明了“地球不是宇宙的中心”的人，往往会被教会惩罚，也没有人会为他们辩护。 句式剖析 1.with复合结构 “with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”构成的复合结构作状语时，表示原因、条件、方式等。主要结构如下： with＋宾语＋ [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①With her eyes __________ (fix) on the work attentively，she didn’t know what was happening outside. ②He felt more uneasy with the whole class __________ (stare) at him. ③With so many essays __________ (write)，he won’t have time to go shopping tomorrow.  fixed staring to write ④那个只穿了一件衬衫的孩子冷得直发抖。 The child _____________________ was trembling with cold.  ⑤随着互联网的快速发展，网上投票越来越受欢迎。 ___________________________________，online voting has been gaining popularity.  with only a shirt on With the rapid development of the Internet [教材原文] It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these primitive ideas as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle (384-322 BCE).人们愿意相信伟大的哲学家亚里士多德(公元前384-公元前322)提出的那些陈旧的观点，这一点并不奇怪。 2.it作形式主语 在“It is＋adj.＋that...”句型中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。用于该句型的常见形容词有necessary，strange，clear，possible，natural，important，likely，obvious等。it作形式主语的其他常见句型： (1)It＋be＋过去分词＋that... 常见的过去分词有said，reported，believed，supposed，ordered，known，suggested等。 (2)It＋不及物动词(短语)＋that... 常见的不及物动词(短语)有seem，appear，happen，turn out，occur to等。 (3)It＋be＋名词短语＋that... 常见的名词短语有a pity，a fact，a wonder，a surprise，no wonder等。 [即学即练]——完成句子 ①幸运的是，她有一个好老师，这位老师激发了她学习英语的兴趣。 _______________________________________ who has stimulated her interest in learning English.  ②遗憾的是，他因为健康状况不佳而退出了比赛。 _______________________________________ on account of poor health.  It is fortunate that she has a good teacher It is a pity that he dropped out of the game ③据报道，我们市组织的比赛下周将在我们学校举行。 _________________ the match organized by our city will be held in our school the next week.  ④似乎一个人越有学问，他通常就越谦虚。 ___________________ the more learned a man is，the more modest he usually becomes.  It is reported that It seems/appears that 课堂检测 素养达标 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.In brief，my hometown is a place which is __________ of being visited. 2.The earliest people were hunters and gatherers who made __________ stone tools. 3.Parliament today __________ the policy，but it has not yet become law. 4.She repeatedly __________ her son not to tell anyone about it. worthy primitive approved urged 5.The storm got worse and worse.Finally，I had to __________ the car and continue on foot. 6.The famous player has been one of the most __________ basketball players in the last decade. 7.The main __________ (目的) of this meeting is to give more information on our plans. 8.Everyone has a desire for success，but not everyone has the courage and determination to __________ (追求) it. abandon respected objective pursue 9.One of the primary benefits of reading books is its ability to develop your __________ (批判的) thinking skills. 10.It was __________ (明显的) that much of what they recorded was far from the truth. 11.His __________ (分析) of urban use of agricultural land has been proved essentially correct. 12.An ____________ (假设) for driverless cars was introduced earlier this year. critical obvious analysis assumption 13.He had acquired much __________ (智慧) during his long life. 14.Lifts have replaced ______________ (传统的) stairs in shopping centres，offices and apartment blocks. 15.It is without doubt that the tourist industry is of __________ (极其重要的) importance to the national economy. 16.Using computers has a __________ (有利的) effect on children’s learning. wisdom conventional vital beneficial Ⅱ.选词填空 in conclusion，to start with，under no circumstances，have an urge to (do)，be based on 1. _______________，I’d like to thank you for all you have done for me.  2.The theory that he puts forward _____________ a series of former assumptions.  In conclusion is based on 3.As the competition approached，she _______________ give up and escape.  4. _______________________ will I abandon my dream to be a qualified football player.  5. _______________，we have no spare money to afford the travel，and secondly，we are too busy.  had an urge to Under no circumstances To start with Ⅲ.完成句子 1.她的头发会变成灰白色让她有点担心。 _____________________ her hair was going to turn grey.  2.早先的报道暗示周日可能会召开一次会议。 ____________________________ a meeting would take place on Sunday.  3.随着考试的临近，复习一下你的课堂笔记是个不错的主意。 ____________________________，it is a good idea to review your class notes.  It worried her a bit that Earlier reports suggested that With the exam approaching 4.她最终成了一名优秀的作家，这并不奇怪。 ______________________ she finally turned out to be an excellent writer.  5.因为他是一名裁缝，他知道怎样处理这块布料。 _______________，he knows how to deal with the cloth.  6.你长大了，可以自己坐火车旅行了。 You’re ____________________________ by yourself.  It is not surprising that As he is a tailor old enough to travel on the train 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.His research is for the betterment of __________ (人类). 2.Trust is a __________ (极其重要的) component in any relationship. 3.He __________ (把……归功于) his success to hard work. 4.His face was deep in __________ (阴影)，turned away from her. 5.I’d put her in the top __________ (等级) of modern novelists. mankind vital owes shadow rank 6.A media circus surrounded the __________ (皇家的) couple wherever they went. royal 7.It’s taken a long time to break out of my own _____________ (传统的) training. 8.The Victorians regarded the railways as bringing progress and __________ (文明). conventional civilisation Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1.The old man is so clever that we all admire him for his __________ (wise). 2.British English differs __________ (obvious) from American English in pronunciation and spelling. 3.Not until I found all the evidence did I make a __________ (judge) about his behavior. 4.Provided that _____________ (circumstance) permit，we shall hold the lecture beneficial to the students next week. wisdom obviously judgement circumstances 5.There is no denying that everyone should make ______________ (contribute) to protecting the environment. 6.He who devotes most of his time to volunteering is worthy of _____________ (praise).  7.She would never do anything that was not approved __________ by her parents. 8.People from different cultural backgrounds are different in the way they behave __________ (they). contributions being praised of themselves Ⅲ.完成句子 1.随着科技的快速发展，有越来越多的因素有助于我们的学习。(with复合结构；contribute to) ___________________________________，there are more and more factors ____________________________________.  2.首先，学生们对学习有兴趣并成为自主学习者是必要的。 First of all，_____________________________________________ __________ and become autonomous learners.  With the rapid development of technology that contribute to/contributing to our study it is necessary that students should have interest in learning 3.其次，学生们应该让自己接触到各种各样的学习技能和策略。 Besides，_________________________________ a range of learning skills and strategies.  4.此外，父母应该尽力创造良好的环境，这将有益于孩子们的学习。 Furthermore，parents should try their best to create good surroundings，________________________________________.  students should expose themselves to which will be beneficial to their children’s study 5.总之，为了获得知识，所有的努力都是值得付出的。 In conclusion，in order to gain knowledge，___________________ ______________________.  all the efforts are worthy of being made Ⅳ.阅读理解 　　When I was in high school，I had clear ideas about what I wanted to be.I wanted to be a wife and mother.No one seemed to think that my goals were lofty enough.They all advised me to aim high，except for my English teacher.She told me that she trusted my judgement and that she knew all would work out for me in the end. Well，life was good to me as I achieved my goals.I attended college while waiting for my love to come back home from serving in the navy.We got married and two years later，we started our family. Being a mother was so wonderful.It was all I’d ever dreamed of. When the day came for all our little darlings to go to school，I began to think about what to do next time.My next goal，I decided，should be to become a teacher.I was so excited!How many people could get the chance to be exactly what they want and then do it again and fulfill a new dream? However，things changed.My husband had an accident.He was left unable to work，and we were left with lots of problems. Fortunately，not long after that I was awarded a non-traditional student scholarship. I wanted to send a thank-you note to the company that funded the scholarship.To my surprise，the big scholarship had been funded by the very same teacher who 20 years earlier had encouraged me to do what I knew was right in my heart!Even after all those years，there she was helping me to realize my second dream. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。在英语老师的鼓励下，作者实现了自己的目标。而她在实现第二个人生目标的过程中，也得到了这位老师的资助。 1.The underlined word “lofty” in paragraph 1 probably means ________.  A.proud　　　　　　　　 B.high C.fashionable D.realistic 答案：B　 2 3 1 4 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的下一句“They all advised me to aim high...”可知，其他人都建议作者把目标定得高些，由此推断，lofty在此与high意思相同。 2 3 1 4 2.From paragraph 2，we learn that the author ________.  A.served in the navy B.failed to go to college C.became a wife and mother D.regretted getting married 答案：C　 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句及倒数第二、第三句可知，作者实现了为人妻和为人母的目标。 3.After her husband’s accident，the author________.  A.became an English teacher in a school B.was out of work and had to stay at home C.set up a company to fund students in need D.got a scholarship from her former English teacher 答案：D　 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，作者得到了一笔奖学金；根据第五段第二句可知，这份奖学金是由作者以前的英语老师提供的。故选D。 2 3 1 4 4.The author writes the text mainly to ________.  A.persuade us to be determined in life B.express her thanks for her husband’s love C.remind us to pay more attention to our family D.show her appreciation for the support of a teacher 答案：D　 2 3 1 4 写作意图题。作者在实现两次人生目标的过程中都受到了英语老师的鼓励，由此推断，作者写这篇文章主要是想表达对这位老师的感激之情。 2 3 1 4 Ⅴ.语法填空 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章从几个方面说明了终身学习的重要性。 　　When you graduate from high school or university，is learning finished? The answer 1.____________ (be) no.In many countries，people continue learning all 2.____________ (they) lives.Why is lifelong learning important? How can it help you? Lifelong learning can be useful in many ways.People 3.____________want to change jobs often return to study at a university.Some jobs require workers to keep learning new ways 4.____________ (do) things.For example，5.____________ (doctor) must always learn about new illnesses and treatments.  1.答案：is　 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：答案是否定的。由全文语境可知，本文说明了终身学习的重要性，时态是一般现在时，主语the answer是单数，根据主谓一致原则，谓语也用单数形式。 2.答案：their　 考查代词。句意：在许多国家，人们在他们的一生中都在学习。此处用形容词性物主代词their修饰名词lives，指代主语people。 3.答案：who/that　 考查定语从句的引导词。句意：想换工作的人经常回到大学学习。此处是定语从句，先行词是people，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that。 4.答案：to do　 考查非谓语动词。句意：有些工作要求工作者不断学习新的做事方法。此处用动词不定式(to do)作名词短语new ways的后置定语。 5.答案：doctors　 考查名词的单复数。句意：例如，医生必须经常了解新的疾病和治疗方法。此处泛指“医生”，doctor是可数名词，故用名词复数表示泛指。 　　Lifelong learning can prepare people for unexpected changes，such as losing your job and having to depend 6.____________ new skills to find work.By continuing to learn，you’ll more 7.____________ (easy) take advantage of new job opportunities.Lifelong learning can help people stay 8.____________ (health) and independent.Many older people also feel that lifelong learning helps them stay close to young people.Lots of older people are now learning how 9.____________ (use) computers.  6.答案：on/upon　 考查固定搭配。句意：终身学习可以让人们做好应对意外变化的准备，比如失业和不得不依靠新技能找到工作。固定搭配depend on/upon...意为“依靠……”。 7.答案：easily　 考查词性转换。句意：通过继续学习，你将更容易利用新的工作机会。此处用副词easily (容易地)作状语，修饰动词短语take advantage of。 8.答案：healthy　 考查词性转换。句意：终身学习可以帮助人们保持健康和独立。stay相当于系动词be，此处用形容词healthy (健康的)与形容词independent一起作并列表语，stay healthy (保持健康)。 9.答案：to use　 考查非谓语动词。句意：许多老年人现在正在学习如何使用电脑。此处用“疑问词＋to do”结构作动词learning的宾语。 　　“I want to remain active...for my own health，” said Mr. Salinas，10.____________ 91-year-old man taking computer classes. “I see my computer learning as part of an active life and something that I can share with my family.”  10.答案：a　 考查冠词。句意：Salinas说，“我想保持活跃……为了我自己的健康”，他是一位正在上电脑课的91岁老人。 此处泛指“一位”91岁老人，91-year-old的发音以辅音音素开头，故应用不定冠词a。 $$