U5 Period 4 Lesson 3 Race to the Pole-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语必修第二册同步导学案配套PPT课件（北师大版）

必修第二册 UNIT 5　HUMANS AND NATURE Period 4　Lesson 3　Race to the Pole—Reading Comprehension 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 课时作业 巩固提升 Part 1　教材原文助读   Race to the Pole On 1 June，1910，Captain Robert Falcon Scott left London to begin his journey to Antarctica①.While he was on the way② to Antarctica，he received a message from the Norwegian③ explorer④ Roald Amundsen which said he was going south，too.Then the race to the South Pole began! ①Antarctica n．南极洲 ②on the way在途中 ③Norwegian adj.挪威的 n．挪威人 ④explorer /Ik'splɔːrə/n.探险者；勘察者 奔向极地的赛跑 1910年6月1日，罗伯特·福尔肯·斯科特上校离开伦敦开始了他的南极洲之旅。在去南极洲的途中，他收到了来自挪威探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森的信息，说他也在向南极进发。然后，这场奔向南极的比赛就开始了！ During the polar summer of 1910-1911，both teams organised food bases in preparation⑤ for their journeys⑥ the next year.Then came the total darkness of the polar winter. Scott and Amundsen waited anxiously⑦ for spring. 本句是由then置于句首引起的完全倒装结构。 ⑤preparation /ˌprepə'reIʃn/n.准备，预备 in preparation for...为……做准备(介词短语) make preparations for...为……做准备(动词短语) ⑥journey n．旅行，旅程 ⑦anxiously adv.焦急地 在1910-1911年的极地夏天，两队人为下一年的探险做了食物储备。接着漆黑的极地冬夜来临了。斯科特和阿蒙森都迫不及待地等待着春天的到来。 Amundsen was the first to leave on 8 September，1911.He had teams of dogs pulling⑧ the sledges⑨ and all his men were on skis.Because of this，he made rapid progress⑩.Scott left on 1 November and soon had problems.First，his two sledges broke down⑪ and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with⑫ the snow and the cold.After a while，Scott and his men had to push⑬ the sledges themselves. ⑧have sb.doing sth.使某人一直做某事 ⑨sledge /sledʒ/n.雪橇 ⑩make progress稳步前进，取得进展 ⑪break down出故障；停止运转 break up分解；驱散 ⑫have difficulties with sth.在某事上有困难 ⑬push v．推 1911年9月8日，阿蒙森第一个出发了。他有几队狗拉雪橇，所有人都配有滑雪板。由于这种情况，他进展很快。斯科特11月1日出发，不久就遇到了麻烦。先是他的两辆雪橇坏了，后来马匹开始在大雪和严寒的天气下出现严重问题。不久，斯科特不得不和队员们一起推雪橇了。 Amundsen reached⑭ the Pole on 14 December，1911 and put a Norwegian flag there.Then he prepared for⑮ the return journey.Amundsen and his team arrived safely back to their starting base on 25 January，1912，ten days ahead of their planned schedule. ⑭reach vt.到达 ⑮prepare for为……做准备 be prepared for为……做好准备 阿蒙森于1911年12月14日到达南极极点，并在那儿插上了挪威国旗。然后他准备返回。阿蒙森和他的队员在1912年1月25日安全回到他们的出发基地，比他们计划的时间提前了10天。 Scott finally arrived at the Pole with four team members on 17 January，1912.They were shocked⑯ when they saw the Norwegian flag.Scott wrote in his diary： “Well，we have now lost the goal⑰ of our ambition⑱ and must face⑲ 800 miles of hard pushing—and goodbye to most of our dreams.” 该句中when引导的是时间状语从句。 ⑯shock v．震惊，惊骇 be shocked by/at被……震惊 ⑰goal n．目的，目标 ⑱ambition /æm'bIʃən/n.雄心，抱负；追求，夙愿 ⑲face v．面对；面向 be faced with面临 斯科特和四名队员最终于1912年1月17日到达了南极极点。当他们看到挪威国旗时，他们感到很震惊。斯科特在日记里写道： “噢，现在我们已经失去了雄伟的目标，并且还要面对800英里的艰难跋涉——与我们大部分梦想要说再见了。” The return journey was one of the worst⑳ in the history of exploration.The men were soon very tired and were running out of㉑ food.The weather conditions were terrible.Scott started to realise their hopeless㉒ situation： “We are very cheerful㉓，but what each man feels in his heart I can only guess.Putting on our shoes in the morning is getting slower and slower㉔.” 本句中what引导宾语从句，作动词guess的宾语，正常语序应该是“I can only guess what each man feels in his heart”。 ⑳worst (bad/badly的最高级) adj.最坏的，最糟糕的 ㉑run out of用完，耗尽 ㉒hopeless adj.没有希望的 hopeful adj.有希望的 ㉓cheerful/'tʃIəfəl/ adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的 ㉔slower and slower越来越慢 回程是探险史上最糟糕的旅程之一。队员们很快就精疲力竭，食物也快吃完了。天气条件异常恶劣。斯科特开始意识到他们所处的绝望的境地： “我们都很高兴，但我只能猜测每个人内心的感受。早上我们穿鞋的动作变得越来越慢了。” However，on their way back they found time to look for rocks.They carried twenty kilos of rocks all the way㉕ with them.Later，these rocks proved㉖ that at one time㉗ in the distant㉘ past，the continent of Antarctica was covered by㉙ plants. ㉕all the way一路上；自始至终 ㉖prove /pruːv/vt.证明；证实 ㉗at one time曾经，一度 at a time每次 ㉘distant /'dIstənt/adj.遥远的；久远的 distance n．距离；远方 ㉙be covered by被……覆盖 然而，在返程途中，他们抽出时间采集了岩石。一路上他们携带着20千克的岩石。后来，通过这些石块可以证实，在遥远的过去，南极洲曾经被植被覆盖。 Then disaster㉚ came.Edgar Evans had a terrible disease and died after a bad fall.The next to go was Captain Oates，who was having great difficulty㉛ walking.Scott recorded his death： “He said，‘I am just going outside and may be some time.’．..We knew that poor Oates was walking to his death，but though we tried to stop him，we knew that it was the act of a brave man and an English gentleman.We all hope to meet the end with a similar㉜ spirit㉝，and certainly the end is not far.” 本句中关系代词who引导定语从句，修饰Captain Oates。 本句含有though引导的让步状语从句。 ㉚disaster n．灾难 ㉛have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难 ㉜similar adj.类似的，相似的 ㉝spirit n．精神，心灵；心态 紧接着，灾难来了。埃德加·埃文斯病重，重重地跌倒后死去。接下来离开的是奥茨上校，他行走艰难。斯科特记录了他的死亡： “他说：‘我只是出去走走，可能要走上一会儿。’……我们都知道可怜的奥茨在走向死亡，尽管我们试图阻拦他，但我们都知道这是勇敢者的举动，是英国绅士的行为。我们都希望以同样的精神来面对死亡，而且大家都知道，死亡正在逼近。” Scott and two of his team members carried on㉞ and got within㉟ eleven miles of one of their food bases.But then a terrible storm started and they could not leave their tent.Scott spent some of his last hours writing㊱.He wrote a letter full of sadness㊲ to his wife Kathleen： “I could tell you lots and lots about this journey.What stories you would have for the boy...but what a price㊳ to pay.” ㉞carry on继续 ㉟within prep.在……之内，在……内部 ㊱spend time (in) doing sth.花时间做某事 ㊲sadness n．悲伤 ㊳price n．价格，价钱；代价 斯科特上校和两名队员继续向前，到达距离他们的一个食品储备处不足11英里的地方。但是接着一场可怕的暴风雪降临了，他们无法离开他们的帐篷。斯科特用最后的时间写下了一些东西。他给妻子凯瑟琳写了一封充满悲伤的信： 　　“我可以告诉你很多很多关于这次探险的事情。你可以把这些故事讲给儿子听……但是为了这一切，我们付出多大的代价啊。” Scott's diary also told the story of their end： “We are getting weaker and weaker㊴ and the end can't be far.It seems a pity㊵，but I do not think I can write more.” ㊴weaker and weaker越来越虚弱 ㊵pity n．同情；可惜，遗憾 斯科特的日记也讲述了他们生命的结束： “我们越来越虚弱，离生命结束不远了。很遗憾，我想写也写不下去了。” The news of Scott's death shocked the world.Even Amundsen was moved by Scott's death saying “Captain Scott left a record，for honesty，for sincerity，for bravery，for everything that makes a man”．Scott had failed㊶ to win the race to the Pole，but the great courage shown by Scott and his men made them heroes. ㊶fail v．失败；不及格 斯科特逝世的消息震惊了全世界。甚至阿蒙森被斯科特的逝世所感动，说：“斯科特上校留下了一个记录，为了诚实、真诚、勇敢，为了成就一个男人的一切。”尽管输掉了奔向极地的比赛，但斯科特和他的伙伴们所表现出的非凡勇气足以使他们成为英雄。 Part 2　语篇研析 1．Match the main ideas with the paragraphs. Para.1-5　　 A．Difficulties on the way. Para.6-10　 B．Scott's death and influence. Para.11　　　　 C．Describe the process to the Pole. 答案：Para.1-5 C；Para.6-10 A；Para.11 B 2．What's the text mainly about? A．Amundsen reached the South Pole successfully. B．The way to the South Pole can be too hard. C．The lesson from Captain Scott. D．A story of the race to the South Pole. 答案：D Activity 1　细节把握 1．How long did it take Amundsen and his team to get to the South Pole? A．More than two months.　 B．Less than one month. C．More than three months. D．Less than two months. 答案：C 2．What was the attitude of Scott when he saw the Norwegian flag? A．Sad. B．Calm. C．Excited. D．Shocked. 答案：D 3．Here are all difficulties that Scott and his team came across during their journey EXCEPT ． A．there was something wrong with their sledges B．their food was running out C．they lost some of their team members D．they were blocked by many rocks D 4．What may lead to the death of Scott? A．Starvation. B．Being too tired. C．A terrible storm. D．Low spirits. 答案：A Activity 2　深层理解 1．What is the type of the text? A．Narration. B．Argumentative Essay. C．Expository Writing. D．Practical Writing. 答案：A 2．What is the author's attitude to Scott? A．Admirable. B．Pitiful. C．Objective. D．Disapproving. 答案：A 3．What does Scott mean by writing “but what a price to pay”？ A．He spent much money on the journey. B．He is optimistic about the journey. C．Scott felt hopeless and he thought he would die. D．He should not have taken the journey. 答案：C 4．How is the text developed? A．By analyzing causes. B．By following time order. C．By making arguments. D．By making comparisons. 答案：B On 1 June，1910，Captain Scott began his journey 1.________ Antarctica.At the same time，the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen was also going south.During the polar summer of 1910-1911，both teams organised food bases in 2.____________ (prepare) for their journeys the next year.Amundsen reached the Pole first.Then he prepared for the return journey.Scott 3.___________ (final) arrived at the Pole.They 4._______________ (shock) when they saw the to preparation finally were shocked Norwegian flag.Scott wrote in his diary：“Well，we have now lost the goal of our ambition and must face 800 miles of hard pushing—and goodbye to most of our 5.__________ (dream).” The return journey was one of the worst in the history of exploration.The weather conditions were terrible.Scott realised their 6.__________ (hope) situation：“We are very cheerful，7._______ what each man feels in his heart I can only guess...”．Then a terrible storm started and they could not leave their tent.Scott spent some of his last hours 8.____________ (write).He wrote a letter full dreams hopeless but writing of sadness to his wife.The news of Scott's death shocked 9.____________ world.He had failed to win the race to the Pole，but the extraordinary courage 10.____________ (show) by Captain Scott and his men made them heroes. the shown 1．While he was on the way to Antarctica，he received a message from the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen which said he was going south，too. [句式分析]　此句是____________，while 引导的是____________；which引导的是____________，修饰先行词 ____________。 [自主翻译]　 ___________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 主从复合句 时间状语从句 定语从句 a message 在去南极洲的途中，他收到了来自挪威探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森的信息，说他也在向南极进发。 2．The next to go was Captain Oates，who was having great difficulty walking. [句式分析]　此句是____________，who引导_______________，修饰先行词Captain Oates。 此外，动词不定式to go作the next的____________。 [自主翻译]　 ___________________________________________ 主从复合句 非限制性定语从句 定语 接下来离开的是奥茨上校，他行走艰难。 3．We knew that poor Oates was walking to his death，but though we tried to stop him，we knew that it was the act of a brave man and an English gentleman. [句式分析]　本句中but引导表示转折关系的____________，且每一个分句均含有连接词that引导的____________。 [自主翻译]　 ___________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 并列句 宾语从句 我们都知道可怜的奥茨在走向死亡，尽管我们试图阻拦他，但我们都知道这是勇敢者的举动，是英国绅士的行为。 4．Scott had failed to win the race to the Pole，but the great courage shown by Scott and his men made them heroes. [句式分析]　本句整体上是but引导的表示转折关系的____________，其中第二个分句中shown by Scott and his men是_______________作定语，修饰名词courage。 [自主翻译]　 ___________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 并列句 过去分词短语 尽管输掉了奔向极地的比赛，但斯科特和他的伙伴们所表现出的非凡勇气足以使他们成为英雄。 课时作业 巩固提升 阅读理解 A It was a typical summer day in my small town, with the sun shining and the sky clear.I was sitting on my porch, enjoying the peaceful view of the rolling hills and the calm lake, when suddenly a strong wind blew in from the west.The peaceful sky turned dark as a storm approached. I went inside, grabbing my raincoat and heading to the barn to secure the animals.The cows were nervous, sensing the approaching storm.I quickly tied them up and ran back to the house, just as the rain started to pour down.The wind was howling and the rain was pounding against the windows.Lightning and thunder followed, making the atmosphere even more electric.I sat by the window, watching the raging storm and praying that everything would be okay. After what seemed like hours, but was only a few minutes, the storm passed.The clouds moved away, revealing a bright and sunny sky.I walked outside, taking in the fresh air and surveying the damage.The trees were bent over and some branches had been blown off.Our vegetable garden was flooded, but other than that, everything seemed to be fine.I breathed a sigh of relief as I realized that no serious damage had been done. That evening, as I sat by the fireplace with a cup of hot coffee, I reflected on the experience.It reminded me that nature can be both powerful and unpredictable, but that we must persevere and adapt to whatever it throws at us.The next morning, as I watched the sun rise over the now-calm landscape, I felt a sense of pride knowing that my family and I had weathered the storm together. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了他和他的家人经受住了一场突如其来的风暴，并从中吸取了教训。 2 3 1 4 1．How is the text organized? A．Problem and solution.　　　 B．Cause and effect. C．In time order. D．By comparison. 答案：C 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“The peaceful sky turned dark as a storm approached.”以及文章第三段中的“After what seemed like hours, but was only a few minutes, the storm passed.”和第四段“That evening，as I sat by the fireplace...I reflected on the experience.”可知，文章是以时间顺序来组织的。故选C。 2 3 1 4 2．How did the author feel after the storm passed? A．Angry. B．Relieved. C．Scared. D．Sad. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“Our vegetable garden was flooded, but other than that, everything seemed to be fine.I breathed a sigh of relief as I realized that no serious damage had been done.”可知，暴风雨过去后，作者感到如释重负。故选B。 2 3 1 4 3．What does the underlined word “weathered” mean in the last paragraph? A．Enjoyed.　　　　　　　 B．Survived. C．Forecasted. D．Changed. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段中的“I felt a sense of pride (我感到一种自豪)”以及画线词后the storm可知，作者和家人一起在暴风雨中幸存下来，作者感到很自豪。故选B。 2 3 1 4 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．The author explains how to prepare for and cope with a storm. B．The author describes how a storm ruined his day and his garden. C．The author compares and contrasts the different weather conditions in his town. D．The author recounts how he and his family withstood a sudden storm and learned a lesson from it. 答案：D 2 3 1 4 主旨大意题。根据上下文可知，文章主要讲述了作者和家人如何经受住一场突如其来的风暴，并从中吸取教训的故事。故选D。 2 3 1 4 B What is the most shocking about the heatwave affecting the Pacific Northwest is not that it has hit a usually mild area, nor that so many long-standing temperature records are being broken.It is that those records are being broken by such large margins (幅度).In Portland, Oregon, temperature reached 46.6℃(116°F)—making it one of several cities in the region where former records have been beaten by a full 5℃(9°F).At the same time, heatwaves are also hitting central Europe and even Siberia. Heatwaves may become headlines, but less attention is paid to them.In 2018 about 300，000 people over the age of 65 died as a result of extreme heat, mainly in India, a 54% increase since 2000, according to a report in the Lancet, a medical journal.The report also shows that, unlike storms and floods, heat does not lead to dramatic before-and-after pictures or widespread damage to belongings.It is a silent killer.As many as 70，000 people died due to a heatwave in Europe in 2003. Heat also kills by worsening health conditions such as heart problems, so not all the deaths it causes may be directly attributed (归因) to it.Climate change will make heatwaves more common and more extreme.Even if greenhouse gas emissions (排放) are cut to zero by the middle of this century, temperatures will go on rising for decades.So other measures are needed to protect people against extreme heat. Governments can set up early warning systems to alarm health workers, shut down schools and stop outdoor activities.They can provide the public with forecasts of coming heatwaves, explanations of the dangers and detailed advice on what to do.Improved facilities can also help.This includes providing shaded areas, water parks and “misting stations” to help people cool down, and get to air-conditioned “cooling centers” where they can find shelter and sleep if necessary. The world is, undoubtedly, facing a big health challenge right now.There is no excuse for ignoring heatwaves and their effects. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了极端高温天气带来的影响，并就如何应对极端高温天气提出了建议。 5 6 7 8 5．What shocks us most about the heatwave in the Pacific Northwest? A．It has stricken a usually mild area. B．It hits central Europe except Siberia. C．Many temperature records are being broken. D．Many temperature records are being broken by large margins. 答案：D 细节理解题。由文中第一段第一、二句可知，最令人震惊的是许多温度记录正在被大幅度打破，故选D项。 5 6 7 8 6．What can we learn from the report in the Lancet? A．People have paid much attention to heatwaves. B．Heat doesn't cause widespread damage to belongings. C．The damage of heat is as obvious as storms and floods. D．About 300，000 middle-aged people died from extreme heat. 答案：B 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。由文中第二段第三句可知，高温不会对物品造成大面积损坏，故选B项。 5 6 7 8 7．What can governments do to protect people against heatwaves? A．Provide some cool places. B．Build nursing homes. C．Organize outdoor activities. D．Shelter the homeless. 答案：A 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。由文中第四段中的“Improved facilities can also help.This includes providing shaded areas, water parks and ‘misting stations’ to help people cool down, and get to air-conditioned ‘cooling centers’ where they can find shelter and sleep if necessary.”可知，政府可以为人们提供降温设施和场地，故选A项。 5 6 7 8 8．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Improving Public Facilities B．Taking Heatwaves Seriously C．Preventing Natural Disasters D．Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions 答案：B 5 6 7 8 标题归纳题。通读全文并结合最后一段“The world is, undoubtedly, facing a big health challenge right now.There is no excuse for ignoring heatwaves and their effects.”可知，本文介绍了极端高温天气带来的影响并呼吁人们重视热浪问题，所以“重视热浪”是文章最佳标题，故选B项。 5 6 7 8 $$