U4 Period 5 Lesson 2 & Lesson 3—Language Points-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语必修第二册同步导学案配套PPT课件（北师大版）

必修第二册 UNIT 4 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Period 5　Lesson 2 & Lesson 3—Language Points 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 课堂检测 素养达标 课时作业 巩固提升 词汇识记 1．accommodation n．住处 The training center will provide accommodations and one flat can accommodate up to 8 trainees. 培训中心将提供住宿，一套公寓最多可容纳8名学员。 accommodate vt.为……提供住处；容纳 2．subscribe vi.订阅，订购 I strongly suggest that my son should subscribe to this English newspaper. 我强烈建议我儿子订阅这份英文报纸。 subscribe to订阅；捐款；同意，赞成 subscription n．订阅，订购；捐赠 I subscribe to his idea that people should subscribe to a charity. 我赞同他的观点，即人们应该向慈善机构捐款。 Although this library was open to everyone, all readers had to pay a membership or subscription fee in order to borrow books. 虽然这座图书馆对所有人开放，但所有读者都必须支付会员费或订阅费才能借书。 3．powerful adj.效能高的；强有力的；强壮的 power n．电力供应；能量；力量 powerless adj.无能力的 The more knowledge you master, the more powerful you will be and after all, knowledge is power. 你掌握的知识越多，你就会越强大。毕竟，知识就是力量。 I knew nothing about wind power, and as a result, I was powerless to aid you. 我对风能一无所知，因此，我无力帮助你。 4．latest adj.最新的；最近的 late adj.晚的；迟的 later adv.后来；以后 adj.后来的 latter adj.后者的；后半期的 lately adv.近来；最近 As far as I am concerned，the outcome of the latest research is quite satisfactory. 在我看来，最新研究的成果是相当令人满意的。 Even if I was in a safe place a few minutes later, I still felt terrified and my heart was pounding wildly. 即使几分钟后我在一个安全的地方，我仍然感到害怕，我的心在狂跳。 The former offers more convenience while the latter offers a cleaner, quieter and often friendlier place to live in. 前者提供了更多的便利，而后者提供了一个更干净、更安静通常也更友好的居住环境。 Having suffered from cancer lately, the businessman still committed himself to the charity. 尽管近来被癌症折磨着，这位商人仍然致力于慈善事业。 5．reality n．现实；真实 real adj.真实的；真正的 realistic adj.现实的；实事求是的 realize vt.实现；意识到 We must come up with creative solutions to narrow the gap between our dream and the reality. 我们必须想出创造性的解决方案来缩小我们的梦想和现实之间的差距。 It's no use getting too self-confident. We have to be realistic about our chances of winning the match. 过于自信是没有用的。我们必须实事求是地估计我们赢得比赛的可能性。 At that moment I realized the true meaning of the old saying—No pains, no gains. 在那时我意识到那句老话的真正含义——一分耕耘，一分收获。 6．account n．账户；账目；描述；解释 vt.认为是，视为 account for解释；(数量上、比例上)占 take... into account考虑…… accountant n．会计；会计师 Could you account for your rude behavior that night? 你能解释一下你那天晚上的粗鲁行为吗？ I would appreciate it a lot if you can take my application into account. 如果您能考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。 7．software n．计算机软件 You can find whatever software and hardware in our convenience store. 您可以在我们的便利店找到任何软件和硬件。 8. device n．设备，装置 One of the simplest ways to save energy is switching off your Wi-Fi in your home if you are not using the devices. 节约能源的最简单的方法之一是如果您不使用设备，请关闭家中的Wi-Fi。 mobile device移动设备 What amazed him was that he was the only one not glued to a mobile device. 令他惊讶的是，他是唯一一个没紧盯着移动设备的人。 9. ensure vt.确保，保证 To ensure the success of our experiment, we must take a creative approach. 为了确保我们的实验的成功，我们必须采取创造性的方法。 In my view，without previous experience, I am not sure whether I can get the position. 在我看来，没有以往的经验， 我不确定我能否得到这个职位。 sure adj.确定的，自信的 10．material n．材料；素材 It is advisable that you should collect enough material previous to your writing. 建议你在写作前收集足够的素材。 11．press vt.按 n．报章杂志；报刊 pressure n．压力 the press新闻工作者；新闻界 press sb. to do强迫某人做 Facing so much work pressure, the newly-elected president feels greatly anxious. 面对如此大的工作压力，新当选的总统感到非常焦虑。 Many young graduates are pressed to give up their dreams because of the heavy burden of life. 许多年轻毕业生由于生活的沉重负担被迫放弃自己的梦想。 12．button n．按钮；纽扣 I press the button for the top floor, where all kinds of beautiful buttons are sold. 我按下了顶层的按钮，那里出售各种各样漂亮的纽扣。 13．gender n．性别 Everyone in our company deserves equal right, regardless of age, gender and nationality. 我们公司所有的人，不论年龄、性别和国籍，都应有同等的权利。 14．goods n．商品 More and more people choose to shop in the massive mall as it offers a variety of goods. 越来越多的人选择在这座大型购物中心购物，因为它提供各种各样的商品。 15．favour n．恩惠；善意的行为 Could you do me a favour and pick up Sam from school today? 今天你能帮我个忙去学校接萨姆吗？ I subscribe to a few favourite charities on a regular basis. 我定期向几个中意的慈善机构捐款。 favourite adj.最喜欢的 16．error n．错误；失误 I, rather than he, have made an error because of carelessness and I must make a sincere apology to my teacher. 是我而不是他因为粗心而犯了错误，我必须向老师真诚地道歉。 17．harm vt.& n．伤害，损害 do harm to对……有害 harmful adj.有害的 be harmful to对……有害 harmless adj.无害的 As we all know，a variety of human beings' actions harm the environment. ＝As we all know, a variety of human beings' actions do harm to the environment. ＝As we all know，a variety of human beings' actions are harmful to the environment. 众所周知，人类的多种行为都会危害环境。 It seems that your words are harmless, but in fact, they have a bad effect on my mood. 你的话似乎是无害的，但实际上，它们对我的心情有很坏的影响。 18．argument n．论点；论据 beyond argument无可争论 argue v．争论；辩论 argue with sb.(over/about sth.)(就某事)与某人争(辩)论 argue for/against sth.赞成/反对某事 argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事 There was a heated argument about whether the youth was suitable for the position, and most of people argued for him. 关于这名年轻人是否适合这个职位，有一场激烈的争论，大多数人都支持他。 He argues against smoking, and insists that it is beyond argument that smoking is harmful to health. 他反对吸烟，并坚持认为吸烟有害健康是无可争辩的。 It's no use arguing with him about/over the question, for he won't change his mind. 和他争论这个问题是没有用的，因为他不会改变主意。 It is our task to argue them into leading a low-carbon life. 说服他们过低碳生活是我们的任务。 19．replace vt.取代；接替 replacement n．替换的人(物) replace A with/by B 用B代替 A The athlete promised that he wouldn't leave the team until they found the replacement. 这位运动员承诺，在他们找到接替者之前，他不会离开团队。 It is said that the old building will be torn down and replaced with/by a new gymnasium. 据说这座旧建筑将被拆除，并被一座新体育馆取代。 20. hug n．& vt.拥抱；紧抱 I walked up to my aunt, and hugged her tightly, with tears rolling down my cheeks. 我走到姑姑面前，紧紧地拥抱住她， 眼泪顺着我的脸颊滚落下来。 21．concentrate vi.专注，专心；集中注意力 It is necessary for you to concentrate on your teachers' words and your concentration will certainly enable you to make gradual progress. 聚精会神听你老师的话是有必要的，你的专心必将使你逐渐取得进步。 concentration n．集中；专心 concentrate on集中注意力于 22．rewarding adj.有益的；有意义的 He helped me organize a rewarding activity and he will be rewarded with a bike in reward for his timely assistance. 他帮我组织了一次有意义的活动，我会奖励他一辆自行车，作为他及时协助的回报。 reward n．奖励；回报；报酬 vt.奖励； 给予报酬 be rewarded with得到……的奖赏 in reward for作为对……的奖励 23．addition n．增添；添加 add v．增加；添加 add...to...把……添加到…… additional adj.附加的；额外的；外加的 additionally adv.除此之外，此外(＝in addition) Additionally/In addition, we still have some additional work to do and shall I add your name to the list? 另外，我们还有一些额外的工作要做，我要把你的名字加到名单上吗？ 24．content n．内容；目录 adj.满意的，满足的 As soon as I looked at the contents page of the book, I was attracted to its excellent content and I was so content with it that I bought it right away. 我一看这本书的目录页，就被它精彩的内容吸引住了，我对它很满意，马上就买了下来。 be content with对……满意 25．shallow adj.肤浅的，浅薄的 As far as I can judge, his opinion about the affair is too shallow. 依我看，他对这件事的看法太肤浅了。 26．basis n．基础；基点 on a regular basis定期地；有规律地 on the basis of根据；在……的基础上 base vt.以……为基础/基地 n．基地，大本营；基础；根据 based adj.以(某事)为基础；以……为主 basic adj.基础的；基本的 basically adv.基本上；大体上 Based on our basic requirements, our teacher supplies us with a variety of novels. On the basis of more reading, we will broaden our view sooner or later. 根据我们的基本要求，老师为我们提供了各种各样的小说。在多读书的基础上，我们迟早会开阔我们的视野。 His speech relates to a variety of plants, which are the base of the food chain. 他的演讲涉及各种各样的植物， 植物是食物链的基础。 Basically, the proposal you put forward at the meeting is practical, but it must be carried out on a regular basis. 你在会议上提出的建议大体上是切实可行的，但必须定期执行。 27．percent n．百分比；百分数 95 percent of these diets do not work, so you'd better work out in a fitness club or in the open air to keep slim. 95%的节食方法都不起作用，所以你最好在健身俱乐部或户外锻炼来保持苗条。 28．opinion n．意见；看法；主张 There is no doubt that the media has a powerful influence on public opinion. 毫无疑问，传媒对于公共舆论有很大的影响。 In my opinion，my success comes from hard work and a good learning plan. 在我看来，我的成功源自努力工作和良好的学习计划。 in one's opinion在某人看来 29．focus vi.& vt. 集中(注意力)；调焦 n．焦点；焦距；重点 Obviously，there was something wrong with the focus of my camera, so to make it focus properly, I must repair it. 显然，我的照相机的焦距有问题，所以为了使它正确对焦，我必须修理它。 focus on关注 As a university freshman, I should focus on learning and in addition, my focus is taking an active part in various activities. 作为一名大一新生，我应该专注于学习，除此之外，我的重点是积极参加各种活动。 30．maintain vt.保持；维持 Social media tools let us see what our friends are up to and maintain friendships. 社交媒体工具让我们看到朋友们在做什么，并让我们维持友谊。 31．smartphone n．智能手机 The moment I got my new smartphone, I installed a series of practical apps. 我拿到新智能手机后立刻安装了一系列实用的应用程序。 32．tablet n．平板电脑；药片；碑，牌 With his tablet connected to free Wi-Fi, he occupied himself surfing the Internet for some necessary materials. 他的平板电脑连上了免费Wi-Fi，他忙着上网寻找一些必要的资料。 Take one tablet every four hours according to the instructions and you will be better. 按照说明书每四小时服一片药，你会好些的。 33．limiting adj.局限的，限制性的 limit n．& vt.限制 limited adj.有限的；受限制的 limitless adj.无限的 The wrong choice of job might limit your chances of success. 错误的工作选择可能会限制你成功的机会。 Life is limited but serving the people is limitless, so we should devote our life to serving the people. 生命是有限的，但是为人民服务是无限的，所以我们应该将生命投入为人民服务中。 34．brief adj.简洁的，简明的 briefly adv. 简略地，短暂地 in brief＝to be brief简而言之 In brief/ To be brief, we should attach great significance to environmental protection. 简而言之，我们应该重视环境保护。 If you like, I will briefly introduce the outline of the science fiction story to you. 如果你愿意，我将向你简要介绍一下这个科幻故事的梗概。 35．emoji n．表情符号 Emojis, or emoticons, are the picture-like characters that are integral in many people's social networking communications. 表情符号是许多人在社交网络上交流时不可或缺的图形化文字。 36．authority n．权威人士；专家；当局；官方 The local authorities began to use the social media to spread environmental awareness and encourage greater use of clean energy. 当地官方开始利用社交媒体传播环境意识，鼓励更多地使用清洁能源。 37．profile n．人物简介；传略 I have some difficulty writing my personal profile, so I am writing to turn to you for assistance. 我在写个人简介方面有些困难，所以我写信寻求您的帮助。 38．location n．位置；地点 I can certainly tell you the location of the library, which is located in the west of the campus. 我当然可以告诉你图书馆的位置，它位于校园的西边。 locate vt.把……安置在；确定……的位置 located adj.位于；坐落于…… 39．optional adj.可选择的；非强制的 As a senior student, I think our extra periods should be used to take optional subjects. 作为一名高中生， 我认为我们多余的课时应该被用来学习选修课程。 40．imaginary adj.想象的，虚构的 imagination n．想象(力)；想象的事物 imagine v．想象；设想 imagined adj.想象的 A boundary is a real or imagined line that marks the limits or edges of something and separates it from other things or places. 边界是一条真实的或想象的线，它标志着某事物的界限或边缘，并将其与其他事物或地方分隔开。 The equator is an imaginary line around the middle of the earth. 赤道是一条假想的环绕地球中部的线。 41．fantasy n．幻想作品；幻想 I strongly advise that you read the fantastic story which is actually a magical mix of fantasy and reality. 我极力建议你读这则奇幻故事，它实际上是幻想和现实的神奇结合。 fantastic adj.极好的；富于想象的 42．series n．系列 Smartphone users have used a series of symbols to show how they feel. 智能手机用户使用了一系列的符号来表达他们的感受。 a series of一连串的，一系列的 43．author n．作者，作家 He is my favourite author and I have read most of his works. 他是我最喜欢的作家，我已经读了他的大部分作品。 44．amazing adj.了不起的；惊人的 amazed adj.惊奇的；惊喜的 amaze vt.使惊奇 amazement n．惊讶；惊喜 To our amazement，he has made extremely amazing progress，which also amazes his parents. 令我们惊讶的是，他取得了惊人的进步，这也让他的父母感到惊奇。 45．privacy n．隐私 One of the most important things in being a good neighbour is to respect a person's privacy. 要做一名好邻居，最重要的事情之一就是尊重他人的隐私。 46．policy n．政策，方针 The government has put forward some plans that include changes in foreign policy and economic reforms. 政府提出了包括外交政策变化和经济改革在内的一些计划。 47．digitise vt.把……转变成数字形式，使……数字化 The World Digital Library is the latest project to digitise culture. 世界数字图书馆是最新的一个将文化数字化的项目。 48．sailor n．水手，海员 The sailing expert is patiently teaching new sailors how to sail on the oceans. 这位航海专家正耐心地教新水手如何在海上航行。 sailing n．乘船航行 sail v．航行；起航 49．accessible adj.易懂的；易得到的 The facilities have been adapted to give access to wheelchair users; that is, they are accessible to the disabled. 这些设施已经改造过以方便轮椅使用者进入，也就是说，残疾人也能够进来。 be accessible to对……可接近/可进入 access n．路径；(使用的)机会，权利 have access to能够到达或进入某个地方 50．wristband n．腕带 The phone watch looks like a wristband worn on the hand. 电话手表看起来就像戴在手上的腕带。 51．enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事 A balanced diet as well as regular exercise enables you to keep a good figure. 均衡的饮食和规律的锻炼能使你保持良好的身材。 52．be careful about当心，注意 Although it is convenient for us to use public Wi-Fi, we must be careful about our own privacy. 虽然使用公共Wi-Fi很方便，但我们必须注意自己的隐私。 53．point out指出，指明 I should point out that none of these paintings is original. 我应当指出，这些画中没有一幅是真迹。 54．compared to/with与……相比 Generally speaking, women have a weaker sense of direction compared with/to men. 通常说来，与男性相比，女性的方向感要更弱一些。 默写练习 【限时：20分钟】 Ⅰ.默写重点单词 1．____________ n．账户 2．____________ n．计算机软件 3．____________ n．设置，装置 4．_______________ n．材料；素材 5．____________ vt.确认；证实 account software device material confirm 6．____________ n．货物，商品 7．____________ n．错误；失误 8．____________ vt.取代；接替 9．____________ adj.满意的，满足的 n．内容，目录 10．____________ adj.肤浅的，浅薄的 11．____________ n．观点；看法；主张；意见 12．____________ vi.& vt.集中(注意力)；给予某物关注 n．焦点 13．____________ vt.保持；维持 goods error replace content shallow opinion focus maintain 14．____________ adj.简洁的，简明的 15．____________ n．作者，作家 16．____________ n．位置；地点 17．________________ n．住处；住宿；工作场所→____________ vt.为……提供住宿；容纳 18．____________ vi.订阅，订购→____________ n．订阅；订购；捐赠 brief author location accommodation accommodate subscribe subscription 19．____________ adj.效能高的；强有力的；强壮的→____________ n．能力；力量；权力 20．____________ adj.最新的；最近的→____________ adj.晚的；迟到的 21．____________ n．现实；真实→____________ adj.真实的；真正的→____________ vt.实现；意识到 22．____________ vt.确保，保证→____________ adj.确定的 23．____________ vt.按→____________ n．压力 powerful power latest late reality real realize ensure sure press pressure 24．____________ n．恩惠；善意的行为→____________ adj.最喜欢的 25．____________ vi.& vt.递送；传送；分娩→____________ n．递送；配送；分娩 26．____________ vt.& n．伤害，损害→__________ adj.有害的→____________ adj.无害的 27．____________ n．论点；论据→____________ v．争论；辩论 favour favourite deliver delivery harm harmful harmless argument argue 28．____________ vi.专注，专心；集中注意力→____________ n．专注；集中 29．____________ adj.有益的；有意义的→____________ v．报答；回报 30．____________ n．基础；基点→____________ n．基地；基础 v．以……为基础→____________ adj.基础的；基本的 31．____________ adj.局限的，限制性的→____________ vt.& n．限制→____________ adj.有限的 concentrate concentration rewarding reward basis base basic limiting limit limited 32．____________ adj.惊人的；了不起的→____________ adj.惊讶的→____________ v．使惊讶→____________ n．惊讶 33．____________ adj.易懂的；易得到的→____________ n．途径；方法 v．进入；到达 amazing amazed amaze amazement accessible access Ⅱ.词形变化填空 1．At that time，she was living in a rented ________________ (accommodate) near where Kelly lived. 2．Please ____________ (sure) all the windows are closed.The storm is coming. 3．Have you ever felt the ____________ (press) with the college entrance examination approaching? accommodation ensure pressure 4．To our amazement，her ____________ (late) film work is really a hit. 5．Cities have a ____________ (power) attraction for young people，which accounts for why they crowd into cities. 6．Now that we've heard all the ____________ (argue) for and against the proposal，shall we vote on it? 7．This big library is ____________ (access) to each student in our school. latest powerful arguments accessible 8．The most ____________ (amaze) thing about nature is its infinite variety. 9．We are doing our best with the ____________ (limit) resources available. 10．The job provides no vacations and little money，but the happiness and satisfaction I feel is __________ (reward) enough. amazing limited rewarding Ⅲ.默写核心短语 1．________________ 订购，订阅；赞成 2．_______________________________ 帮某人忙 3．________________ (数量上、比例上)占；解释 4．________________ 发表演讲 5．________________ 简称，缩写 6．________________ 等等；诸如此类 7．________________ 按……所说，根据 subscribe to do sb.a favour/do a favour for sb. account for deliver a speech for short and so on according to 8．________________ 从事于…… 9．________________ 建立；创建 10．________________ 坚持；等一等 11．________________ 想出；理解；弄明白 12．________________ 在某方面帮助某人 13．_______________________ 对……有害 14．________________ 关心 15．________________ 除此之外，另外 work on set up hold on figure out assist sb.with... do harm to/be harmful to be concerned with in addition 16．_________________________ 关注；集中精力于 17．________________ 简而言之 18．________________ 一系列的 19．________________ 可接近的，容易获得的 20．________________ 与……相比 21．___________________ 与……保持联系 22．________________ 有……的共同点 concentrate on/focus on in brief a series of be accessible to compared to/with... stay in touch with... have...in common Ⅳ.选词填空 从核心短语中选择合适的完成下列句子 1．Our headmaster ________________ which was very inspiring last night. 2．________________ the study，the majority of white-collar workers have sleeping problems. 3．It took them about a month to ________________ how to start the equipment. delivered a speech According to figure out 4．All the people present ________________ the solution to that tough problem. 5．Can you ___________________________________ by correcting mistakes in my essay and polishing it? 6．In brief，smoking ________________________ your health both physically and mentally. 7．It encourages people to focus on what we ________________，rather than what divides us. subscribed to do me a favour/do a favour for me is harmful to/does harm to have in common 8．I was at a disadvantage ________________ the younger members of the team. 9．With the development of IT，it is more convenient for us to ________________ others. 10．I can't _______________________ my work with all that noise going on. compared to/with stay in touch with concentrate on/focus on 词汇精研 1.accommodation n．住宿；膳宿；住处 [教材原文] to book accommodation 预订住处 (1)make accommodations for为……提供食宿 (2)accommodate vt. 容纳；为……提供食宿 accommodate (oneself) to使(自己)适应 accommodate...with...向……提供…… [即学即练]——单句语法填空/词汇升级 ①Wherever he goes, he readily accommodates himself ____________ the changed conditions. ②When you go to a strange country, you will have to accommodate____________ (you) to the new ways of life living. ③During my one-week stay there, he accommodated me ____________ the use of his car. to yourself with ④________________ (accommodate) was difficult to find in the host city during the Olympic Games. ⑤We should adapt ourselves to the changing situation. →We should ____________________________ the changing situation. Accommodation accommodate ourselves to 2.subscribe vi.订阅，订购；预订；认购；定期捐助 [教材原文] to subscribe to newspapers and magazines 订阅报纸和杂志 (1)subscribe to 订阅；同意；定期捐助 subscribe to a magazine 订阅杂志 subscribe to a view 赞同某一观点 subscribe to a theory赞同某一理论 (2)subscription n．(报刊等的)订阅费，订购款，订阅，订购；(向慈善机构的)定期捐款；(俱乐部的)会员费；(服务的)用户费；会员费(或服务费)的交纳 (3)subscriber n．订阅者；定期捐助者；捐献者 a subscriber to...……的订阅者 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①You can become a member by paying the yearly __________ (subscribe). ②尽管有一些缺点，我仍然赞成他们的计划。 In spite of some shortcomings, _____________________________． subscription I still subscribe to their plan [名师点津]　subscribe to中的to为介词，其后跟名词、代词或者动名词。 3.powerful adj.效能高的；强有力的；强壮的 [教材原文] to become powerful变得强大 (1)power n．能力；权力 in power 当权 come to/into power 开始掌权；上台 beyond one's power 超出某人的能力 within one's power在某人的能力范围之内 (2)powerless adj.无力的 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It seems obvious that these have made humankind the most ____________ (power) animal on earth. ②It is apparently ____________ my power to finish the challenging task in two hours. ③After he came ____________ power，the President delivered a series of wonderful speeches. powerful beyond to/into ④(读后续写之心理描写)只有在那个时候，他才觉得一切都超出了他的能力范围，他对此无能为力。 Only at that time ________________________________________ and he was unable to do anything about it. did he feel that everything was beyond his power　 4.account n．账户；账目；描述 v．认为是；视为 [教材原文] ...but I can't figure out how to set up an account. ……但是我不知道如何建立一个账户。 (1)open/close an account开立/结清账户 give an account of叙述；说明 on account of＝because of＝owing to因为 on no account＝in no way＝by no means决不 take sth.into account/consideration把……考虑在内(＝take account of sth.) (2)account for (数量上、比例上)占；解释，说明 [即学即练]——完成句子/同义句转换/句式升级 ① (应用文写作之申请信)如果您能考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。 I'd appreciate it _________________________________________ _______________________． ②然而，选择阅读英语书籍和访问英语学习网站的学生只占18%和12%。 However, those choosing reading English books and visiting English learning websites __________________ 18%and 12%. if you could take my application into account/consideration only account for ③When developing our economy，we must take environmental protection into account. →When developing our economy，we must ____________________ environmental protection. →When developing our economy，we must ____________ environmental protection _____________________． take account of take into consideration ④The teacher warned that we should on no account cheat in examinations. →The teacher warned that _________________________________ __________________．(倒装句) on no account should we cheat in examinations 5.favour n．帮助，恩惠；善意的行为；赞同，支持 v．有助于；有利于 [教材原文] Can you do me a favour and find out what's going on？你能帮我个忙，看看发生了什么事吗？ (1)in favour of赞同；支持 in sb.'s favour有利于某人 do sb.a favour＝do a favour for sb.帮某人一个忙 ask sb.a favour＝ask a favour of sb.请求某人帮忙 (2)favour doing sth.喜欢做某事 (3)favourite adj.最喜爱的 n．特别喜爱的人(或事物) [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Elsewhere，people favour ____________ (shake) hands，bowing from the waist，or nodding the head when they meet someone else. ②Jack managed to figure out 16 of Steve's ____________ (favour) and most personal songs. shaking favourite ③(应用文写作之求助信)你能帮我审阅一下草稿并做出必要的修改吗？ ______________________________________ to review the draft script and make necessary changes? Could you do me a favour/do a favour for me ④(议论文写作之正反论点)有些人反对这一论点，而另一些人则赞成。 Some people are against the argument _________________________ _____________________________． while others are in favour of it 6.harm vt.& n．伤害，损害 [教材原文] The Internet Harms Friendships网络伤害友谊 (1)do/cause harm to...对……造成伤害 do sb.harm＝do harm to sb.伤害某人；对某人有害 mean no harm 没有恶意 there is no harm in (sb.'s) doing sth.(某人)做某事没害处 (2)harmful adj.有害的，导致损害的 be harmful to...对……有害 (3)harmless adj.无害的 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译 ①We have to admit no cigarette is completely ____________ (harm). ②After all，there is no harm ____________ listening to others' opinions. ③Fruit juice can be ____________ (harm) to children's teeth. harmless in harmful ④众所周知，长时间盯着屏幕对视力有很大的危害。 →As we all know，staring at the screen for long ______________________ the eyesight.(harm n．) →As we all know，staring at the screen for long ____________________ the eyesight.(harmful) →As we all know，staring at the screen for long____________________．(harm v．) does great harm to is harmful to harms the eyesight 7.argument n．论点；论据；争论；争辩 [教材原文] Argument 1论点1 (1)have an argument with...about/over...就……和……争论 beyond argument 无可争辩 (2)argue v．争论；论证；证明 argue with sb.about/over sth.与某人争论某事 argue for/against (doing) sth.据理支持/反对(做)某事 argue sb.into/out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事 argue that...提出理由说明；主张…… [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子　 ①His strong ____________ (argue) persuaded me to accept his conclusions. ②He argued loudly ____________ his father ____________ which type of smartphone to buy，trying to argue his father into ____________ (follow) his recommendation. arguments with about/over following ③Some people argue ____________ exploring space and think it a waste of money. ④如图所示，大约65%的学生支持网上学习。 As is shown in the chart，__________________________________ ______________________． against about 65 percent of the students argue for studying online 8.replace vt.取代；接替 [教材原文] Firstly，talking online is no replacement for face-to-face contact—images really cannot replace a real-life smile or hug.首先，在网上聊天并不能替代面对面的接触——图像真的无法取代现实生活中的微笑或拥抱。 (1)replace A with/by B　用B代替A (2)replacement n．[U]替换；更换；[C]替代者，替代的人或物 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译 ①More and more families replace bicycles ____________ private cars, which，in turn，results in air pollution. ②We had a woman patient who was recovering from a knee ____________ (replace) operation. with/by replacement ③人们普遍认为计算机不能完全代替老师。 →It is widely recognized that ________________________________ ________________．(replace) →It is widely recognized that ________________________________ _______________________．(take the place of) →It is widely recognized that ________________________________ __________________________________．(in place of) computers can't replace teachers completely computers can't take the place of teachers completely computers can't be in place of teachers completely 9.concentrate v．(使)集中(于某处)vi.专注，专心；集中(思想、注意力等) [教材原文] According to a parenting expert，Denise Daniels，communicating through a screen makes it more difficult for children to concentrate or show kindness to others.根据育儿专家丹尼斯·丹尼尔斯的说法，通过屏幕进行交流会让孩子们更难集中注意力或向他人表达善意。 (1)concentrate on (doing) sth.聚精会神于(做)某事 concentrate one's attention/energy/...on (doing)...集中某人的注意力/精力……于(做)…… (2)concentration n．专心；集中；浓度；含量 concentrated adj.集中的，全神贯注的 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/句式升级 ①Driving requires ____________ (concentrate).Speaking on the phone takes a driver's attention from the road. ②He made a ____________ (concentrate) effort to finish the work on time. concentration concentrated ③Because he concentrated his attention on playing network games，he didn't notice the kitchen was on fire. →________________________________ playing network games，he didn't notice the kitchen was on fire.(with复合结构) →____________________________ playing network games，he didn't notice the kitchen was on fire.(现在分词短语作状语) With his attention concentrated on Concentrating his attention on 10.rewarding adj.有益的；有意义的 [教材原文] For example, instead of having proper conversations with their friends, some people are only concerned with their online popularity—How many “likes” did I get? How many followers do I have？—though we know that the number of “likes” or followers cannot compare to having long-term and rewarding friendships.例如，一些人不再和朋友好好地交谈了，他们只关心自己网上的人气——我得了多少个“赞”？我有多少粉丝？——尽管我们知道“赞”或粉丝的数量无法与拥有长期且有益的友谊相比。 (1)reward v．奖励；奖赏；给以报酬 reward sb.for (doing) sth.因(做)某事而奖赏/酬谢某人 reward sb.with sth.用某物奖赏/回报某人 (2)reward n．奖励；回报；报酬 in reward for为奖赏……；为报答…… as a reward for作为对……的奖赏/回报 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen, they would be rewarded ____________ seven drops of water or juice. ②When asked for his views about his teaching job，Philip said he found it very challenging but ____________ (reward). ③The worker was rewarded ____________ solving a technical difficulty creatively. with rewarding for ④(应用文写作之感谢信)我很乐意带你游玩北京，以报答你的慷慨相助。 I'm more than willing to show you around Beijing _______________ ______________________________________． in reward for/as a reward for your generous help 11.content n．内容；(pl.)目录；容量v.使满意，使满足adj.满意的 [教材原文] In addition，a lot of the content posted on social media is shallow or trivial.此外，社交媒体上发布的很多内容都是肤浅或琐碎的。 (1)be/feel content with...对……满足/满意 be content to do sth.乐于做某事 (2)content oneself with...满足于…… (3)contentment n．满意；满足 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译　 ①My parents are content ____________ (live) in the country，where the air is fresh and clean. ②Fire has caused severe damage to the____________ (content) of the building. to live contents ③我们不应该使自己只满足于课本知识。 →We shouldn't __________________________ learned from the books.(content adj.) →We shouldn't ____________________________________ learned from the books.(content vt.) be content with the knowledge content ourselves with the knowledge 12.basis n．基础；基点 [教材原文] Friendships are built on the basis of trust，and with online communication you can never be 100 percent sure that the people you are chatting to are being honest about who they are.友谊是建立在信任的基础上的，通过在线交流，你绝不能百分之百地确定与你交谈的人是否以诚相待。 (1)on the basis of 根据，按照 on a daily basis按每天的标准 (2)base vt.以……为根据 n. 底部；基础 base...on/upon...以……为基础 be based on/upon以……为根据(基础) at the base of 在……的底部 (3)basic adj.基础的 basically adv. 基本上，根本地 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/句式升级 ①If you want to learn English well, you should read English ____________ a daily basis. ②We cannot believe that some teenagers are short of some ____________ (base) living skills. ③____________ (basic), the article can be summarised in three sentences. on basic Basically ④Because this film is based on a true story, it can deeply touch the audience. →__________________________， this film can deeply touch the audience.(分词短语作状语) Based on a true story 13.focus on/upon 集中于；关注 [教材原文] In my opinion，friends should focus more on face-to-face communication，and less on online communication.在我看来，朋友应该更多地关注面对面的交流，而不是在线交流。 (1)focus one's attention/eyes/mind on/upon...集中某人的注意力/心思于…… (2)focus n．焦点 the focus of attention 关注的焦点 out of focus模糊的，未对准的 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I am so tired that I can't focus ____________ anything today. ②The instant I spoke out my opinion，I became the focus ____________ the whole class. ③____________ (focus) his attention on the experiment，he didn't catch what I was saying. on/upon of Focusing ④那么多眼睛盯着我，我的脸涨得通红，我开始结结巴巴地进行我的演讲。(with复合结构) ____________________________________，I blushed and began to stumble over my speech. With so many eyes focused on/upon me [名师点津]　表示“集中注意力于……，致力于……”的常用短语还有： ①be devoted to　②be buried in　③be bent on　④concentrate...on... 句式剖析 1.while的用法 [教材原文] While the Internet can bring people closer together，it can also harm friendships.虽然互联网可以使人们更紧密地团结在一起，但它也可能损害友谊。 (1)while引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然；尽管”，常放于句首。 (2)while引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”。 (3)while用作并列连词，意为“然而”，表示对比。 (4)while用作名词时，意为“一段时间，一会儿”。 [即学即练]——写出下列句子中while的汉语意思/完成句子 ①While walking in the street，I came across one of my former teachers.____________ ②While online shopping has changed our life，not all of its effects have been positive.____________ ③Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for a while，exercising or doing something you enjoy.____________ 当……的时候 尽管 一会儿 ④Robert held the view that the Internet did harm to friendships while Cathy thought that it was beneficial to friendships.____________ ⑤虽然在线学习有很多优点，但如果不正确利用，它会对人们造成伤害。 _______________________________________，it will do harm to people if not used properly. 然而 While studying online has many advantages 2.make it＋adj./n.＋(for sb.) to do sth. [教材原文] ...communicating through a screen makes it more difficult for children to concentrate or show kindness to others.……通过屏幕进行交流会让孩子们更难集中注意力或向他人表达善意。 (1)本句中使用了make it＋adj./n.＋(for sb.) to do sth.结构，其中it 是形式宾语，more difficult 是宾语补足语， 真正的宾语是不定式复合结构 for children to concentrate or show kindness to others。 (2)当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或宾语从句时，往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面，而用it作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语前。常用的动词有make，think，believe，find，consider，feel等。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The author's brief introduction made____________ possible for us to learn about the contents of the book. ②Have you made it clear ____________ you don't subscribe to his opinion? ③I'd like ____________ if you could accept our sincere invitation to attend the upcoming graduation celebration. it that it ④ You are selfish by taking ____________ for granted that your parents must do everything for you. ⑤(应用文写作之申请信)我从5岁起就开始学习英语，这让我可以流利地与他人用英语交流成为可能。 I have been learning English since I was 5，____________________ _____________________________________________________． it which makes it possible for me to communicate with others fluently in English [名师点津]　类似句型还有： ①like/dislike/hate/love/enjoy/owe＋it＋when/if从句　②take it for granted that...认为……理所当然　③see to it that...确保……　 ④depend on it that...指望…… 3.强调句型 [教材原文] It is these skills that enable us to develop lifelong friendships.正是这些技能使我们能够发展终生的友谊。 (1)本句为强调句句型，其结构为it is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...，被强调部分为these skills。 (2)强调句型的常用形式： ①陈述句形式：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他． ②一般疑问形式：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who...? ③特殊疑问形式：特殊疑问词＋is/was it that...? ④not until的强调句式：It is/was not until...that... [即学即练]——完成句子/句型转换 ①正是那位作家对他说的一番话鼓励了他投身于写作。 ____________________________ encouraged him to be devoted to writing. ②是这个人把这些东西送到我们社区的吗？ ______________________ delivered these goods to our community? It was that writer's words that Was it this guy who ③你是在哪里下载这个软件的？ ________________________ you downloaded the software? ④He didn't realize how his father loved him until this accident happened. →____________________________________ he realized how his father loved him.(强调句) Where was it that It was not until this accident happened that 课堂检测 素养达标 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．The book Eyewitness Travel Guides lists a good number of budget ______________ (住宿) and also provides important details. 2．Our English teacher ____________ (订阅) to the English Weekly for us every term. 3．The video cameras are linked to a ____________ (强有力的) computer. accommodations subscribes powerful 4．Hungary provides the ____________ (最新的) examples. 5．To many people，technology means computers，hand-held ____________ (装置)，or vehicles that travel to distant planets. 6．While the sun's rays can age and ____________ our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D． 7．Teachers will never be ____________ by computers in the classroom. latest devices harm replaced 8．I can't ____________ with all that noise going on. 9．Travelling along the old Silk Road is an interesting and ____________ experience. 10．Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions.Questions about subject ____________ are generally welcomed. concentrate rewarding content Ⅱ.选词填空 1．Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.They ________________ football, basketball and baseball. 2．________________ getting down to a new task as I had expected, he examined the previous work again. account for, instead of，stay in touch with，focus on, on the basis of, in my opinion, be concerned with, in addition focused on Instead of 3．The driver admitted that he ____________________ the accident. 4．This garden has the best collection of native plants.________________， it contains numerous trees and flowers from overseas. 5．He found it convenient to____________________ his friends through the Internet though they stayed separate from each other. was concerned with In addition stay in touch with 6．The experiments were designed ______________ our previous results. 7．It is said that body language ________________ 55 percent of a first impression while what you say just 7 percent. 8．________________，there is nothing more interesting than climbing up to Mount Tai. on the basis of　 accounts for In my opinion Ⅲ.完成句子 1．我真诚地希望你将考虑我的建议。 I sincerely hope that you will ________________________________ ________________________________________． 2．食物精美且与众不同，但更重要的是为我们提供的友情。(what引导主语从句) The food was wonderful and different, but _____________________ _________________ was the friendship offered us. take my suggestions into account/consideration what was even more important 3．此外，由于我曾经做过兼职英语导游，我知道如何与外国人交流。 _______________________________________________________________，I know how to communicate with foreigners. 4．这是跟他们保持联系的最好的方式了。 It's the best way ________________________________． In addition, as I have ever worked as a part-time English tour guide to keep in touch with them 5．无论什么时候我们看到有人往海里扔垃圾，我们都应该阻止他们。 ______________________________________ garbage into oceans, we should stop them. Whenever we see someone throwing　 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Wilson often goes beyond to ____________ (保证) the welfare and safety of the students. 2．A committee of teachers will evaluate ____________ (材料) and give opinions. 3．But Steve ____________ (按) on，playing for the first time in his life for a stranger. ensure materials pressed 4．They're doing you this big ____________ (恩惠) by allowing you to stay. 5．I need to have a second test to ____________ (确认) the diagnosis. 6．Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent __________ (基础). 7．Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' ____________ (意见) unless he wants their support. favour confirm basis opinion 8．The company has ____________ (保持) trade contacts with India since 1980. 9．I don't want to keep you long, so let me be ____________ (简明的). 10．When my mother saw my creations, she told me how ____________ (创造性的) my designs were. maintained brief creative Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．The foreign students are content with their _______________ (accommodate) equipped with modern conveniences. 2．The new type of computer is so ____________ (power) that it can work automatically as programmed. 3．You can look through the ____________ (late) news happening around the world on your mobile phone. accommodation powerful latest 4．Life is not fair, but despite that difficult ____________ (real)，you must keep striving through the pain and tears. 5．It was meant to win ____________ (favourite) with you. 6．I thought anything abstract left too much room for ____________ (argue). 7．Hans hasn't got an award in marathons，but finishing a long run is a very ____________ (reward) experience. reality favour argument rewarding 8．In addition ____________ a diet，she pursues various exercises on TV. 9．Both the Winter and the Summer Olympics are held every four years on a regular ____________ (base). 10．With his eyes ____________ (focus) on the blackboard，he didn't know it began raining outside. to basis focused Ⅲ.完成句子 1．虽然我理解你说的话，但是我不能同意你的看法。 ________________________________， I can't agree with you. 2．但是花太多时间上网是不健康的，而且会让你很难把注意力集中在生活中的其他事情上。(make 复合宾语) But spending too much time online is unhealthy and ____________________________________ other things in life. While I understand what you say makes it very difficult for you to focus on 3．每逢暑假，我哥哥总是到处旅游而不是待在家里。(instead of) Every summer vacation，my brother always travels everywhere __________________________． 4．昨天是李华帮助了我。(强调句型) ______________________ helped me yesterday. 5．无论你在哪里工作，你都能找到时间学习。(no matter＋疑问词) ________________________， you can always find time to study. instead of staying at home It was Li Hua that/who No matter where you work Ⅳ.阅读理解 When you are a kid, gaining a best friend forever can happen in a single play date.But when you grow up to be an adult, making and maintaining friendships gets harder.So how much quality time (优质时光) do you need before that stranger becomes your friend? A new study recently found that, on average, it takes about 50 hours with someone before you consider them a casual (感情不深的) friend, about 90 hours before you become real friends, and about 200 hours to become close friends. The study's author Jeffrey Hall, a communications professor, invited adults who are eager to make friends to take part in two experiments—people who had just moved to a new city in the past six months and college freshmen.He asked them to rate and track the degree of closeness and time spent together with a new person.“Results suggest that the chance of changing from casual friend to real friend is greater than 50% after around 80-100 hours together，” said Hall. The study found that the amount of time spent talking together, or the fact that you spent time at school or work with them, was unrelated to friendship closeness.“It is really easy to spend a lot of time with people as they are routinely in the same place at the same time as you，” Hall said.“However, my study shows you can have workmates you spend hundreds and hundreds of hours with and still not develop a friendship.” You do not need to become best friends with your workmates to develop meaningful relationships with them.But for those of us hoping to change from “girl who I eat lunch at work with” to “friend I can depend on”， Hall suggests that you need to take the relationship out of the workplace for it to become a friendship.The participants who did activities outside of work with someone, such as being invited to have lunch in their home, were more likely to develop deeper relationships with them. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是科学告诉我们一个成年人需要多长时间才能交到一个新朋友，并且建议要想发展成为朋友需要将这种关系带出工作场所。 2 3 1 4 1．What is the new study mainly about? A．Ways of making friends in a new environment. B．Why people need to make different friends. C．Different levels of friendship. D．How long it takes to develop a friendship. 答案：D 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“A new study recently found that, on average, it takes about 50 hours with someone before you consider them a casual friend, about 90 hours before you become real friends, and about 200 hours to become close friends.”可知，研究发现，与一个人在一起50小时会成为普通朋友，相处90小时会成为真正朋友，200小时后会成为亲密朋友；再根据第二段内容可知，在这项新研究中要求参与者评估和跟踪与一个陌生人在一起的亲密程度和花费的时间，由此可知，该项新研究主要是研究发展一段友谊需要多长时间。故选D项。 2 3 1 4 2．What do we know about the participants in the study? A．They knew each other before. B．They had difficulty in making new friends. C．They were in great need of friends. D．They started their new life in the same city. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The study's author Jeffrey Hall, a communications professor, invited adults who are eager to make friends to take part in two experiments—people who had just moved to a new city in the past six months and college freshmen.”可知，研究者邀请渴望交朋友的成年人参加了两个实验，由此可知，这项研究的参与者都是希望交朋友的人。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 3．What does the underlined word “routinely” probably mean in paragraph 3? A．Usually.　　　　　　 B．Actively. C．Seldom. D．Confidently. 答案：A 2 3 1 4 词义猜测题。根据第三段画线词前的内容可知，花很多时间与别人在一起很容易，画线单词所在的句子与此处为因果关系。由此可以推断，作为学生或者同事，在一起很容易的原因是人们经常同时出现在同一个场所，所以，画线单词的意思与“经常”意义相近。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 4．Which can help people build deeper relationships with workmates according to Hall? A．Joining the same work team. B．Having lunch at work with them. C．Inviting them to your home after work. D．Sharing work experience with each other. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The participants who did activities outside of work with someone, such as being invited to have lunch in their home, were more likely to develop deeper relationships with them.”可知，在工作之外与他人一起参加活动的参与者更有可能与他们建立更深的关系，由此可知，下班之后，邀请同事到你的家里有助于和他们建立更深的关系。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 Ⅴ.语法填空 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章中作者讲述了自己从与朋友Tim的相处中，领悟到的一个好朋友的基本品质。 Tim and I talked a lot about his problems today, and I'm so glad that I could help my best friend.It also left me thinking about what it really means to be a “good friend”．In my opinion, the following 1._________ (quality) form the basis of a friendship. 1．考查名词的单复数。句意：在我看来，下列品质构成了友谊的基础。句子陈述事实，应用一般现在时；空格处作主语，再由谓语动词form可知，主语是复数，应用名词复数形式。故填qualities。 答案：qualities A good friend needs to be 2. (support).I can see that Tim is having trouble 3. (balance) his project and his schoolwork, and I can see that both are important to him.I must respect and support the choices he makes.I should also encourage him to take action to get over these difficulties. 2．考查词性转换。句意：好朋友应该支持你。此处作表语，应用形容词supportive“支持的”。故填supportive。 答案：supportive 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：我能看出Tim在平衡他的项目和功课方面有困难，我能看出两者对他都很重要。固定搭配have trouble doing sth.“做某事有困难”，应用v.-ing形式。故填balancing。 答案：balancing A good friend also needs to be selfless.Tim is someone 4. I should try my best to help, even if it means more work for me.When he's struggling 5. his schoolwork, I should do all I can 6. (help) him become a more efficient learner.It'll take up some of my spare time, 7. this friendship is worth my extra time and efforts.I'm sure that Tim would do 8. same for me. 4．考查定语从句。句意：Tim是我应该尽力帮助的人，即使这对我来说意味着更多的工作。此处是限制性定语从句，先行词是someone，指人，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词whom或that或who引导。故填whom或that或who。 答案：whom/that/who 5．考查介词。句意：当他在努力学习时，我应该尽我所能帮助他成为一个更有效率的学习者。struggle with为固定搭配，意为“与……努力应对”。故填with。 答案：with 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：当他在努力学习时，我应该尽我所能帮助他成为一个更有效率的学习者。此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to help。 答案：to help 7．考查连词。句意：这会占用我一些业余时间，但这份友谊值得我付出额外的时间和努力。前后句存在转折关系，应用转折连词but。故填but。 答案：but 8．考查冠词。句意：我相信Tim也会为我做同样的事。根据句意“同样的”可知，此处使用固定搭配the same。故填the。 答案：the To me, a good friend brings out the best in a person.And I think Tim is the one who brings out the best in me.Through our conversation today, I know that our friendship will grow 9. (strong) than ever.I'll always value these qualities of a good friend and try to measure myself by these standards as our friendship 10. (develop). 9．考查形容词比较级。句意：通过我们今天的谈话，我知道我们的友谊将比以往任何时候都更加牢固。根据下文than ever可知，此处应用形容词比较级stronger，表示“更牢固的”。故填stronger。 答案：stronger 10．考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意：随着友谊的发展，我将永远珍视好朋友的这些品质，并试着用这些标准来衡量自己。主句使用一般将来时，时间状语从句中使用一般时态表示将来，主语是抽象名词，不可数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填develops。 答案：develops $$