(精讲册)03 第一讲 动词和动词短语（课件PPT）-【练客中考】2025年甘肃中考英语提优方案（冀教版）

英语 冀教版 2025甘肃 精讲册 1 第一讲 动词和动词短语 （兰州：6年20考；省卷：6年20考） 2 1 思维导图串考点 2 核心考点精讲练 3 01 思维导图串考点 4 返回目录 5 02 核心考点精讲练 6 动词的五种基本形式 基本形式 变化规则 示例 动词原形 词典中一般给出的形式 do， learn， run， play 第三人称 单数形式 一般在动词后直接加-s run→runs, think→thinks 以 ch, sh, s, o, x结尾 的动词后加-es teach→teaches, wash→washes, go→goes, pass→passes, mix→mixes 以辅音字母加y结尾的动 词,先将y变成i再加-es study→studies, carry→carries 不规则变化 be→is， have→has 返回目录 7 基本形式 变化规则 示例 动词的- ing形式 一般在动词后直接加- ing read→reading, cook→cooking 以不发音的字母e结尾的 动词,去掉e,再加-ing live→living, write→writing 以重读闭音节结尾的动 词,且末尾只有一个辅音 字母,双写该辅音字母后 再加-ing sit→sitting, begin→beginning 返回目录 8 基本形式 变化规则 示例 动词的- ing形式 少数几个以ie结尾的动 词要变ie为y,再加-ing （初中共3个） die→dying， lie→lying， tie→tying 过去式和 过去分词 一般在动词后直接加-ed work→worked, play→played 以字母e结尾的动词,直 接加-d invite→invited, promise→promised 返回目录 9 基本形式 变化规则 示例 过去式和 过去分词 以重读闭音节结尾的动 词,且末尾只有一个辅音 字母,双写该辅音字母后 再加-ed stop→stopped, plan→planned shop→shopped 以辅音字母加y结尾的动 词,先将y变为i,再加-ed carry→carried, study→studied 注：动词的过去式、过去分词的不规则变化形式详见《30天课标词汇攻关》 P46“附录三 不规则动词表” 返回目录 10 命题点 1 动词的分类及词义辨析（兰州：6年14考；省卷：6年11考） 考向 1 实义动词 类别 含义 示例 例句 及物 动词 本身意义不完整，需要 接宾语才能使其意思完 整 如：love，need， ask，want，have等 Jane usually plays the piano on Saturday. 不及 物动 词 不及物动词自身意思完 整，无须接宾语 如：happen， come，run，work 等 Nobody knows what will happen next. 返回目录 11 考向 2 助动词（省卷：2021Ⅲ.3） 助动词本身没有意义，不能单独作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓 语，表示时态、语态、语气等。 助动词 句法功能 例句 be动词 （am, is, are, was, were） 构成现在进行时 My grandpa is watering flowers in the garden. 构成过去进行时 I was doing my homework when my father came back. 构成被动语态 The window is broken by a naughty boy. 返回目录 12 助动词 句法功能 例句 do/does/did 构成疑问句、否 定句 Do you want to have a trip to Shanghai Disneyland？ 返回目录 助动词 句法功能 例句 do/does/did 用于倒装句 Lucy didn't listen to the radio yesterday. Neither did Jim. 构成否定祈使句 Don't park here! 代替主要动词 He can dance as well as he did before. have/has/ha d 构成完成时 I've already finished my homework. will/shall/w ould 构成将来时 Will you come to his birthday party tomorrow？ 返回目录 14 考向 3 系动词（兰州：2023.34） 系动词本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须和表语构成系表 结构来说明主语的身份、性质、状态。具体分类如下： 类别 例词 例句 表示状态的系动词 be My father is a teacher. 表示持续的系动词 keep， remain， lie， stay, stand My grandparents take exercise every morning to keep healthy. 感官系动词 （兰州：2023.34） look， sound， feel， smell， taste The new cloth feels smooth and soft. 返回目录 15 类别 例词 例句 表示状态变化的系 动词 become， get， turn， go， grow In spring， trees begin to turn green. 返回目录 考向 4 情态动词 词义不完整，不能单独作谓语，后接动词原形一起构成谓语，大多无 人称和数的变化。详见本书P94第二讲 情态动词。 考向 5 实义动词词义辨析（兰州:6年13考;省卷:6年10考） 实义动词词义辨析主要是通过上下文考查其在语境中的含义。 解答语境辨析类试题时，首先要确定每个动词的含义，然后分析语境， 找出关键词或前后存在的逻辑关系，确定正确答案。因此考生在平时的学 习过程中，需要重点积累并掌握实义动词的含义及用法。 返回目录 17 命题点 2 动词短语（兰州：6年6考；省卷：6年9考） 考向 1 同一介词/副词型（兰州：2022.8） ◆about短语 bring about引起 care about关心 hear about听说 know/learn about了解 talk about谈论 think about考虑 worry about担心 ◆at短语 arrive at到达 knock at敲 laugh at嘲笑 point at指向 shout at… 对……大喊 throw at… 朝……扔 返回目录 18 ◆away短语 blow away吹走 die away逐渐消失 pass away去世 run away逃跑 take away带走 throw away扔掉 walk away走开 ◆back短语 bring back使回想起来；恢复 come back返回；复苏 look back at回顾 put back放回原处；推迟；妨碍 talk back顶嘴 返回目录 19 ◆down短语 break down使破碎；分解 calm down冷静下来 cut down砍倒；削减 get down下车；使沮丧 go down下降;日落 look down俯视；蔑视 sit down坐下 slow down减速 write down写下;记下 返回目录 20 ◆for短语 ask for请求 care for照料；关心 leave for动身去 pay for 付费；付出代价 search for搜寻 stand for代表 wait for等待 ◆from短语 hear from收到……的来信 learn from向……学习，从……中吸取教训 stay away from与……保持距离 返回目录 21 ◆in短语 arrive in抵达，到达 believe in 相信；信任 check in登记；报到 fill in填写；填充 hand in上交；提交 join in 参加；加入 take part in参加 take pride in感到自豪 返回目录 22 ◆off短语 break off突然停止 burn off烧掉 cut off切断 fall off跌落；下降 look off使某人感到不舒服或不愉快 pay off偿清（欠款等） see off送别 set off出发 show off炫耀 返回目录 23 ◆on短语 carry on继续 depend on依赖，依靠 fall on（节日、生日等）适逢；落到 hold on紧握住；等待；坚持；等一等 live on以……为生 move on向前 pass on传递;传承 work on从事 返回目录 24 ◆out短语 act out表演出来；付诸行动 blow out吹灭 break out爆发 bring out使显现 find out发现 get out泄露；逃脱 go out外出 hand out分发 run out用完，耗尽 take out取出；扣除 try out试验 turn out倒出；关掉；结果是 walk out走出去 work out计算出;解决 point out指出 返回目录 25 ◆to短语 add to增加；增添 belong to属于 get to到达，抵达 look forward to期待；盼望 lead to导致；通向 point to指向 pay attention to注意 stick to坚持 used to曾经……；过去…… 返回目录 26 ◆up短语 bring up抚养成人；提及；呕吐 call up打电话给（某人）；征召 clean up打扫干净 cut up切碎 fix up修理 go up上涨；上升 grow up长大 pick up捡起 set up建立 stay up熬夜 show up出现；揭露 wake up醒来 walk up走上；沿着 返回目录 27 ◆with短语 agree with同意 deal with处理 catch up with赶上 share…with与……分享 part with与……分开 play with与……玩耍，玩…… talk with与……交谈 返回目录 28 考向 2 同一动词型（兰州：6年3考；省卷：6年5考） ◆come短语 come across（偶然）遇见 come along取得进展；到来 come down减少；发生 come from出生于；来自 come in进来；到达现场 come into进入 返回目录 29 come on加油 come out出版；发表；出现 come over顺便来访 come round拜访（某人的家）；改变方向 come true实现 come up with提出（主意、计划、回答等）；想出 返回目录 30 ◆get短语 get into进入；参与 get off离开；下车 get on上车 get over克服；恢复 get to到达 get together相聚 get away from…远离…… get ready for…为……做准备 get on/along （well） with…与……和睦相处 get up起床;起来 返回目录 31 ◆give短语 give away捐赠 give back归还 give in屈服，让步 give off发出（光、热等） give out散发；分发 give up放弃 ◆go短语 go away离开 go back返回 go by（时间）流逝 go off爆炸；（闹铃）响 go on继续 go over复习；仔细检查 go through通过；经历 go with伴随 返回目录 32 ◆keep短语 keep off使……不接近 keep on继续 keep out阻止进入 keep away from远离 keep in touch保持联系 keep up with并驾齐驱 返回目录 33 ◆look短语 look after照顾；照看 look around环顾四周 look at看 look for寻找 look out留神；当心 look over仔细检查 look through浏览 look up查阅 返回目录 34 ◆make短语 make mistakes犯错误 make sure确保 make up编造；组成；化妆 make a living谋生 make a decision/make decisions做决定 make friends with…和……交朋友 返回目录 35 ◆put短语 put away收起，放好 put down放下；记下 put forward提出；推荐 put off推迟 put on穿上；上演；增加（体重） put out熄灭；推迟或取消（比赛、活动等） put up搭建;张贴 put up with容忍 put sth. to good use好好利用某物 put…into把……放进 返回目录 36 ◆take短语 take care of照顾，照料 take down降低；拆除；写下 take in吸收；领会 take off 脱下（衣服）；（飞机等）起飞 take on呈现 take turns轮流做某事（省卷：2021Ⅲ.1） take up（尤指为消遣）学着做；开始做 ◆turn短语 turn around转身；使好转 turn down调低；拒绝 turn off关掉 turn on打开 turn to转向；求助于 turn up调高；出现 turn over翻转 返回目录 37 考向 3 混合型（兰州：6年2考；省卷：6年4考） 混合辨析，即选项通常设置为不同动词+不同介/副词，需要学生熟记 动词短语。 注：更多动词短语详见《30天课标词汇攻关》P37~40“常见短语分类 速记——动词短语” 返回目录 38 Ⅰ.语法与情景对话 1.（2024省卷II.10）My grandpa decided to ___ smoking for his health. A.give away B.give out C.give back D.give up 2.（2020兰州34）—Mom, what are you cooking in the kitchen? It ___delicious. —I'm preparing a hot pot dinner. A.tastes B.smells C.sounds D.feels √ √ 返回目录 39 3.（2023省卷Ⅱ. 9）I ___ at 6 a.m., so I can leave for school at 7 a.m. A.get up B.put up C.take after D.get on 4.（2022省卷Ⅱ.6）Let's ___ the chicken and make some soup. A.look at B.cut up C.put off D.knock against 5.（2020兰州37）It is not always necessary to ___ new words in the dictionary while reading. A.look up B.look at C.look for D.look around √ √ √ 返回目录 40 6.（2019兰州30）—Can I help you, Sir？ —Yes, please. I am ___ a blue T-shirt. A.looking up B.looking for C.looking after D.looking through 7.（2019省卷Ⅱ.8）Don't forget to ___ the lights when they are not in use! A.turn over B.turn off C.turn up D.turn on 8.Some traditional Chinese stories still___ lively today. A.taste B.sound C.smell D.feel √ √ √ 返回目录 41 9.I enjoy listening to crosstalk because it always ___ me great joy. A.brings B.carries C.catches D.stops 10.—How long have you ___ this book？ —Since last week. You know I am crazy about spacecraft. A.lent B.borrowed C.kept D.bought 11.We are supposed to ___ calm when the unexpected things come. A.refuse B.remain C.require D.review 12.In China， we usually ___ a gift with both hands and open it later. A.expect B.accept C.cover D.imagine √ √ √ √ 返回目录 42 Ⅱ.完成句子 13.（2024省卷Ⅷ.2）神舟十七号航天员乘组于2024年5月1日平安抵京。 The Shenzhou-17 astronaut crew _______________ __________ Beijing safely on May 1st, 2024. arrived/（got） in/（to） 14.（2023省卷Ⅷ.4）元宵节在农历正月十五。 The Lantern Festival _______ ____ the 15th day of the first lunar month. is/falls on 15.（2023省卷Ⅷ.1）我们将一起努力实现梦想。 We'll work together to make our dreams ______ _____. come true 返回目录 43 16.（2022省卷Ⅷ.1）他过去特别安静。 He ______ be really quiet. used 17.（2021省卷Ⅷ.2）成功最终属于努力的人们。 Success ________ ___ the hard-working people in the end. belongs to 18.（2020兰州97）与家人分享快乐是一件好事。 It is good to ______ your happiness your family. share 19.（2019兰州96）当我长大后，我想成为一名工程师。 I want to be an engineer when I ______ ____. grow up to with 返回目录 44 20.（2019兰州97）青少年应该学习如何照顾自己。 Teenagers should learn how to _____ _____ of themselves. take care 21.（2019兰州98）首先将胡萝卜切碎，然后放入搅拌机内。 First cut up the carrot, and then it _____ the blender. into 22.（2019兰州99）如果你在外面逗留得太晚，你的父母亲会为你担心。 If you stay out too late, your parents will _______ _______ you. worry about 23.（2019兰州100）许多次我都想放弃，但我奋力坚持了下来。 Many times I thought about _______ ____， but I fought on. giving up put 返回目录 45 24.科学家们正在调查更多关于火星的信息。 Scientists are __________ ____ more information about Mars. searching for 25.科林已经指出了单独游泳的危险性。 Colin has already ________ _____ the dangers of swimming alone. pointed out 26.成功要靠团队合作，所以我们必须互相信任。 Our success _________ ____ teamwork, so we must believe in each other. depends on 27.李明熬夜看巴黎奥运会开幕式，所以他觉得有点儿累。 Li Ming _______ ____ late to watch the opening ceremony of the Paris Olympic Games, so he felt a little tired. stayed up 返回目录 46 Ⅲ.完形填空 The most important life lesson Monica has learned from running is to run at her own speed. Last year， Monica's school held a charity marathon to . .28. . money for some poor students in need. It was so meaningful that almost all students wanted to . .29. . it. So . .30. . Monica. 28. A.start B.raise C.spend D.waste 29. A.join in B.look after C.look for D.take care 30. A.do B.does C.did D.done √ √ √ 返回目录 47 At the beginning of the marathon， all the other runners ran faster than her，which made Monica nervous. Though she tried her best to catch up with them， she still . .31. .! She even wanted to give up running, but she . .32. . she couldn't! This was running for love! 31. A.fell behind B.stood up C.went away D.came out 32. A.sang B.knew C.wrote D.drank √ √ 返回目录 48 Suddenly， she . .33. . a loud voice， “Run at your own best speed!” She lifted her head and found it . .34. . her father. “Run at my own best speed，” Monica thought for a while. Then she started running again. This time， she . .35. . no attention to other runners. Over time， Monica ran more easily and more quickly. After about two hours， Monica finally . .36. . the marathon， and even won second place! 33. A.bought B.taught C.came D.heard √ 34. A.went away B.made up C.gave out D.came from 35. A.had B.draw C.paid D.ran 36. A.completed B.organized C.introduced D.researched √ √ √ 返回目录 49 What a great result! Monica's father waited at the finishing line and gave her a big hug， and they . .37. . happily together. Other people's speed isn't the speed you should run at. Just run at your own speed! 37. A.learned B.laughed C.watched D.answered √ 温馨提示 请完成《课后提升练》P47习题 返回目录 50 51 $$