UNIT 8 Section Ⅲ Grammar（Word教参）-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册（北师大版2024）

Section Ⅲ　Grammar——状态动词和动作动词 观察以下教材原句并思考黑体部分的功能 ①Behrman and Sue looked out the window at the vine and noticed that there was just one remaining leaf. ②And now I must see a fellow downstairs，Behrman.Pneumonia, too. ③The next day, Sue came to Johnsy's bed. ④One leaf remained on the vine, bravely holding on in the wind and rain. ⑤Johnsy's eyes were open, but they weren't watching her.Instead, she stared out the window and counted backwards: “Ten, nine, eight, seven…” [语法感知] 英语中动词可分为两类：动作动词(Activity Verbs)，如 ②③⑤ 和状态动词(State Verbs)，如 ①④ 。 英语中动词可分为两类：动作动词(Activity Verbs)和状态动词(State Verbs)。动作动词描述动作，可用于一般时态和进行时态；状态动词描述状态，一般不用于进行时态。 一、动作动词可分为三类： 1．表示持续动作的动词，如eat, listen, read, run等。 ►She is listening to the radio. 她在听收音机。 2．表示短暂动作的动词，如hit, jump等。 ►She jumped up into the chair. 她跳到椅子上。 ►He was jumping up and down to keep warm. 他上下跳动来取暖。 这类动词一般用在现在时中，表示当时的一次性动作。如果用于进行时态，则表示短暂动作的多次重复。 3．表示转变和位置移动的动词，如arrive, change, come, die, go, leave等。 ►The train leaves at nine. 火车9点开车。(侧重每天) 二、状态动词可分为四类： 1．表示思维活动的动词，如admit, agree, believe, know, mean, realize, remember, think, understand, want等。 ►Both have agreed on the need for the money. 双方都同意需要那笔钱。 ►Paul had to admit that he didn't know where they were. 保罗不得不承认他不知道他们在哪里。 2．表示情感的动词，如care, like, dislike, love, hate, hope等。 ►She cares deeply about environmental issues. 她对环境问题深感忧虑。 ►I hope you will stop advertising your product in such a way that may harm our children. 我希望你们停止用可能伤害我们孩子的方式在你们的产品上做广告。 3．表示拥有和存在的动词，如appear, be, belong, contain, have, include, need, seem, possess, own等。 ►The gallery possesses a number of the artist's early works. 这座画廊藏有这位艺术家的一些早期作品。 ►Each contains five bedrooms, toilet facilities, and a shared kitchen with a fridge and cupboard. 每个都有五间卧室、厕所设施和一个带有冰箱和橱柜的共用厨房。 4．感官动词，如feel, look, smell, sound, taste等。 ►It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology. 它不像在所有技术进步之前那样感觉孤独。 注意：有些状态动词也可以表示动作。在此意义上，这些动词可以用于进行时态。 ►We have a second-hand car.我们有一辆二手车。(have＝possess, a state) ►She is having some tea. 她正在喝茶。(have＝drink, an activity) 三、有些动词可兼作两类动词，但意思不同。 1．动词hold的句子主语是人，作“握住”讲，是个动作动词；句子主语是处所，则作“容纳”讲，是个状态动词。 ►John is holding a ball in his hands. 约翰手里拿着一个球。 ►The bus holds 50 people. 这辆公共汽车能坐50人。 2．动词have，当表示动作的发生或过程时，相当于take, get, receive, eat, drink等词，为动作动词；当表示“拥有”，相当于own, possess等词时，为状态动词，没有进行时态。 ►I was having my coffee quietly then.(drink) 那时我正安静地喝着咖啡。 ►The man has a new car.(own) 这个人有一辆新车。 3．动词consider，作“考虑”讲，为动作动词，后跟名词、动名词作宾语；作“认为”讲，为状态动词，后跟复合宾语、that从句作宾语。 ►We are considering your application.(考虑)我们正在考虑你的申请。 ►I consider (that) you acted very wisely.(认为) 我认为你做得很明智。 4．动词词组apply to中，如果apply作及物动词，是动作动词，意为“应用”；如作不及物动词，则是状态动词，意为“适用于”。 ►They are applying the new theory to practice. 他们正在把这个新理论应用于实践。 ►What I have said doesn't apply to you. 我所说的话对你不适用。 Ⅰ.指出句中黑体词属于哪种动词 1．The girl is putting on a red coat. 动作动词 2．You have beautiful eyes. 状态动词 3．That dictionary belongs to me. 状态动词 4．The old man doesn't hear very well. 状态动词 5．I think it's a great idea. 状态动词 6．I can't read your writing. 动作动词 7．The moment I saw her, I realized something was wrong. 状态动词 8．She considered her options. 动作动词 Ⅱ.使用本单元所学语法知识翻译下面句子 1．他要离开乐队去专心写作。 He is leaving the band to concentrate on his writing. 2．我身上没带那么多钱。 I don't have that much money on me. 3．她正在考虑从事银行业。 She's thinking about a career in banking. 4．我尝了尝服务员端上来的葡萄酒。 I tasted the wine the waiter had served. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$