UNIT 5 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language（Word教参）-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册（人教版2024）

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language 复习定语从句 Ⅰ.用适当的关系词填空并体会其语法特征。 1．(教材P50)There are various reasons why people compose poetry. 2．(教材P50)One of the simplest kinds of poem is the “list poem”， which contains a list of things, people, ideas, or descriptions that develop a particular theme. 3．(教材P50)List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which/that give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem. 4．(教材P51)Another simple form of poem that/which amateurs can easily write is the cinquain, which is made up of five lines. 5．The boys who had never come across anything like this before started jumping out of the windows. 6．I'm looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her. Ⅱ.根据以上例句填空。 1．句1、3、5、6为 限制性 定语从句。 2．句1、6为关系副词引导的定语从句，在从句中作 状语 。 3．句2、3、4、5为关系代词引导的定语从句，在从句中作 主语或宾语 。 一、关系代词的基本用法 1．关系代词who, whom和whose 关系代词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分 who 人 主语、宾语、表语 whom 人 宾语 whose 人/物 定语 ►Li Ming, who is my cousin, has gradually adjusted to the life in America. 李明是我表弟，他已逐渐适应了美国的生活。(作主语) ►I've become good friends with Li Hua who/whom/that I met in the English speech contest. 我与在英语演讲比赛中结识的李华成了好朋友。(作宾语，可以省略) ►I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise. 我住在一对夫妻隔壁，他们的孩子们总是弄出很大的响声。(作定语) 2．关系代词which和that 关系代词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人/物 主语、宾语、表语 ►I've got a novel (which/that) you may like to read. 我弄到一本你或许想看的小说。(作宾语，可省略) ►Views that/which are entirely new may be hard to accept. 那些全新的观点或许很难被接受。(作主语，不可省略) ►The number of the people who/that come to visit the city each year rises by 15%. 来这座城市游览的人数每年增加15%。(指人，作主语) [即时训练1]——用适当的关系代词填空 (1)(2024·新课标Ⅰ)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing(追溯) the steps along the Silk Route which/that brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. (2)(2024·新课标Ⅱ)Chinese cultural elements commemorating(纪念) Tang Xianzu, who is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia，” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare's hometown. (3)Like many undergraduate biology students, Wang Fang was taught that pandas are a prime example of an umbrella species—a well-known and usually endangered animal whose protection benefits an entire ecosystem. 二、关系副词的基本用法 1．关系副词when, where和why 关系副词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分 when 表示时间的名词 时间状语 where 表示地点的名词 地点状语 why 表示原因的名词(reason) 原因状语 ►We don't know the exact time when the English Evening will be held. 我们不知道英语晚会举行的确切时间。(时间状语) ►There are two parks less than 10 minutes' walk from home where neighbourhood children gather to play. 有两个距离家不到10分钟步行路程的公园，附近的孩子们聚集在那里玩耍。(地点状语) ►I am writing to inform you of the reasons why our school's drama club is popular with us students. 我写信告知你我们学校的戏剧俱乐部受我们学生欢迎的原因。(原因状语) 2．关系副词when, where及why可转换为“介词＋which” when, where可根据先行词、从句的谓语及句意来决定适当的介词，但是关系副词why只可转换为“for＋which”。 ►He will never forget the days when(＝in which) he learned drama. 他永远不会忘记他学习戏剧的那段时光。 ►Unfortunately, some poor men have no house where (＝in which) they can live. 不幸的是，一些穷人没房子住。 3．表示抽象地点的名词(case, situation, condition, atmosphere, activity, job, career, point, stage等)作先行词，且从句中缺少地点状语时，常用关系副词where引导定语从句。 ►The manager is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees enjoy their work.经理正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛，在这种气氛中，员工喜欢他们的工作。 ►Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing.那些成功的失聪舞蹈家认为跳舞是一种视觉比听觉更重要的活动。 [即时训练2]——用适当的关系副词填空 (1)His teacher didn't know the reason why he failed in the spoken contest. (2)Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to have a formal dinner with my kids. (3)It's helpful to put ourselves in a situation where we can see ourselves more clearly. 三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 1．“介词＋关系代词”结构中的关系代词通常用which或whom, 不用that。 ►There comes Tom, for whom I have been waiting an hour or so. 汤姆来了，我等了他大约一个小时。 ►I'll never forget the days on which we studied together. 我永远忘不了我们一起学习的日子。 2．介词不能提前的情况 固定动词短语中的介词一般不能提前。常见的这类动词短语有listen to, look at, depend on, look for, pay attention to, take care of, look after, take part in, make use of, catch up with, get along with, hear of, look forward to等。 ►This must be the key that she is looking for. 这一定是她正在寻找的那把钥匙。 ►This is the baby whom you will look after. 这就是你将要照看的那个婴儿。 ►We often talk about the people and the things that we heard of. 我们经常谈论我们听说的人和事。 3. “不定代词/数词＋介词＋which/whom”引导定语从句说明整体中的部分。 ►The event was organized by two people, both of whom are amateurs. 这次活动是由两人组织的，他们两人是业余爱好者。 ►He bought many apples, all of which were delicious. 他买了很多苹果，都很好吃。 4．“the＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋the＋名词”，可替换成“whose＋名词” 引导。 ►The house the windows of which/of which the windows/whose windows were damaged has now been repaired. 窗户遭破坏的那所房子现在已经修好了。 [即时训练3]——句式升级为定语从句 (1)The man has two daughters, and both of them work as teachers. →The man has two daughters, both of whom work as teachers. (2)The factory produces thousands of computers every year and 50% of them are sold abroad. →The factory produces thousands of computers every year, 50% of which are sold abroad. (3)John studied at this university from 2013 to 2016, and he studied very hard during that time. →John studied at this university from 2013 to 2016, during which time he studied very hard. 四、as, which引导非限制性定语从句 as which 指代 引导从句只能指代整个主句的内容 引导从句既可指代整个主句的内容，也可指代主句的一部分 位置 引导的从句可位于主句之前、之中或之后 引导的从句不能置于主句之前 意义 正如 这，那 功能 连接上下文，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处等 引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句 ►As we all know, a person's words should correspond with his deeds. 我们都知道，一个人应该言行一致。 ►As an old saying goes, “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.” 正如那句老话所说：“只学习，不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变傻。” ►Therefore, this time I will introduce Tang Poetry to you, which is of great help in learning Chinese.因此，这次我将向你介绍唐诗，它将有助于你学习汉语。 [即时训练4]——用as或which填空 (1)(2024·全国甲)Yellowstone was the largest United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, which became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. (2)(2023·全国甲)Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, as Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.” (3)Taking targeted measures to help people lift themselves out of poverty, as has been predicted, is fruitful. 五、that和which引导定语从句的区别 关系代词只用 that 不用 which 的几种情况： 1．当先行词为 all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。 ►You should hand in all that belongs to you.你应该把属于你的所有东西交上来。 2．当先行词被very, both, the only, all, every, no, any, little, much, some等修饰时。 ►The only thing that we can do is give you some advice. 我们唯一能做的就是给你一些建议。 3．当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时。 ►This is the best way that has been used against pollution. 这是被用来对抗污染的最好的方法。 4．当先行词被序数词修饰时。 ►It is the first American movie that I've ever seen.它是我看过的第一部美国电影。 5．当先行词既包括人又包括物时。 ►They will never forget the things and persons that they've seen or heard of during their long journey.他们将永远不会忘记他们在长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。 [即时训练5]——用that或which填空 (1)The Internet has now become the first place that the majority of people turn to for information. (2)Table read is not the only effective practice 　that　 helps students improve their speaking. (3)There is a saying among the archaeological circles in China that/which goes, “A page from a book of the Song Dynasty is worth a tael of gold.” Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The house, the roof of which was destroyed in the terrible fire, has been repaired. 2．The students benefitting most from college are those who are totally engaged in academic life. 3．When travelling, we will enjoy ourselves and learn something from the exploration, which attracts me very much. 4．In China, a teahouse is a place where people gather to enjoy tea, chat and socialise. 5．The air quality in the city, as is shown in the report, has declined over the past two months. 6．It is the third time that she has won the race, which has surprised us all. 7．Patience and determination, without which you can't do the work well, are essential qualities in our life. 8．My neighbour has a son and a daughter, both of whom live in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province. 9．In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of whose purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. 10． As is often the case, some students play computer games so late that they can't finish their homework on time. 11．A guide led us to the strawberry field, where we saw fresh inviting red strawberries. 12．William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from which we can learn without repeating them. Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会更好。 We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better . 2．我积极参加了英语讲座，了解到了英国和美国的文化。 I have actively attended English lectures, from which I have a good knowledge of British and American culture . 3．我们学校下周天将举行主题为“中国传统习俗”的活动。 Our school will hold an activity whose theme is “Chinese Traditional Customs” next Sunday. 4．《今日中国》有着全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。 China Today attracts a worldwide readership, which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. 5．学生们应该参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。 Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth. 6．很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。 Many young people, most of whom were well-educated , headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 1 (教材P52)Blank verse is probably one of the most common and influential forms of English poetry. 无韵诗可能是英国诗歌中最常见和最有影响力的诗歌之一。 blank　adj.空白的；茫然的；无图画(或韵律、装饰)的；没表情的 n．空白；空格 go blank　一片空白 a blank look 一副茫然的表情 fill in/out the blanks 填空 Hearing the news, my mind went blank. 听到这个消息，我的脑子一片空白。 [习作练笔]——补全句子 (1)我努力想他的名字，但我的脑子里完全一片空白。 I am trying to think of his name, but my mind is a complete blank . (2)我们还要再作解释，但是他只是毫无表情地看了我们一眼。 We tried to explain again, but he just gave us a blank look . 2 (教材P53)In these poems the poet Tagore shows a sympathetic understanding of children's feelings.在这些诗中，诗人泰戈尔对孩子们的感受表示同情。 sympathetic　adj.同情的；有同情心的；赞同的 ①be sympathetic to/towards赞同某事；同情某人 ②sympathy　n.同情；赞成 have (no) sympathy for sb(不)同情某人 in sympathy with赞同/支持 with sympathy＝sympathetically同情地 A kind and sympathetic person is frequently referred to as one with a soft heart. 一个善良和富有同情心的人经常被认为是一个心软的人。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)Mrs Meredith was sympathetic (sympathy) to the poor, so she would bring food and medicine to them whenever she had time. (2)Several hundred workers struck in sympathy with their colleagues. (3)We all have great sympathy for the victims of the flood. [习作练笔]——语段填空 (4)杰克很同情可怜的伯纳德，因此，他决定做爆米花来帮助伯纳德摆脱困境。 与此同时，杰克的母亲对他这个绝妙的主意表示赞同。 Jack had sympathy for poor Bernard, and hence, he resolved to make popcorn to help Bernard out of difficulty.Meanwhile, Jack's mother was in sympathy with his brilliant idea. 3 (教材P53)Browning fell in love with her poetry and then they entered into personal correspondence. 布朗宁爱上了她的诗，然后他们开始了私人通信。 correspondence　n．来往信件；通信联系 ①in correspondence with　和……一致；与……有通信联系 ②correspondvi.相一致；符合；相当于；通信 correspond to相当于；符合；类似 correspond with与……通信；与……相一致 His interest in writing came from a long correspondence with a close college friend. 他对写作的兴趣来自于与一位大学密友的长时间通信交往。 [习作练笔]——补全句子/一句多译 (1)我的笔友和我的爱好是类似的，因此我们经常通信，就文学作品交换意见。 My pen-pal's hobbies correspond to mine , and hence, we often correspond with each other to exchange ideas on literary works. (2)只有当你言行一致时，你才能和别人相处得好。 ①Only when what you do is in correspondence with what you say can you get along well with others. ②Only when what you do corresponds with what you say can you get along well with others. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$