UNIT 2 SectionⅣListeningandTalkingReadingforWriting（Word教参）-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册（人教版2024）

Section Ⅳ　Listening and Talking & Reading for Writing 教材助读4 THE STONE IN THE ROAD Once upon a time<1> there was a king who often thought, “Nothing good can come to a nation ①whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems.” One day, he had an idea. ①whose people only complain…是定语从句，修饰a nation。 Early one morning，the king disguised<2> himself and went to a local village. He placed a large stone in the middle of the main street and hid gold coins under the stone. Then he hid behind a huge maple<3> tree and watched. The first person down the street was a milkman with his cart<4>. He crashed into<5> the stone, ②spilling<6> the milk everywhere. “What fool put this stone here？” he shouted.He picked himself up<7> and angrily went away. ②spilling the milk everywhere是现在分词短语作结果状语。 After a while, a group of women came along, ③each balancing a pot of water on her head. One woman tripped over<8> the stone and her water pot went crashing to the ground. She picked herself up and limped<9> away in tears<10>. Neither she nor<11> her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road. ③此处为独立主格结构，each是逻辑主语，相当于each of whom balanced a pot of water on her head. The king watched all day as many people complained about the stone, but he found nobody making an attempt<12> to move it. The king was in despair<13>. “Is there no one in this village ④who feels any responsibility<14> to keep their neighbours from<15> harm<16>？” ④此处是定语从句，修饰先行词no one。其中to keep their neighbours from harm是不定式短语作后置定语，修饰responsibility。 Just then, the king saw a young girl coming<17> along. She was the daughter of a local farmer. She had been working all day and was very tired. But when she saw the stone, she said to herself<18>， “This stone is a danger to<19> anyone ⑤who comes down the street after dark. I'll move it out of the way.” ⑤此处是定语从句，修饰anyone, anyone who可以用whoever替换。 The girl pushed the stone with all her might<20>. After a great deal of<21> effort，she finally succeeded in moving<22> it to the side of the street. Imagine her surprise when she saw the gold coins ⑥where the stone had been! ⑥where the stone had been是地点状语从句。 Just then, the king stepped out<23> from behind the tree. “Oh sir，” the girl said, “does this gold belong to<24> you？⑦If not<25>，we surely must find the owner, for he will certainly miss it.” ⑦此处为if省略句，for为并列连词，连接两个并列句，for“因为”，表示原因。 The king said, “My dear, the gold is mine. I put it in the road and moved the stone over it. ⑧Now the gold is yours, because you are the only person who has learnt the lesson<26> I wanted to teach my people.” ⑧此处because引导原因状语从句；who引导定语从句，修饰the only person，且从句中I wanted to…作定语修饰the lesson。 <1>once upon a time从前 <2>disguise vt.装扮；假扮；掩盖n.伪装；化装用具 <3>maple n．枫树；槭树 <4>cart n．手推车；运货马车 <5>crash into撞上 <6>spill vt.& vi.(spilt/spilled，spilt/spilled)(使)洒出；(使)溢出 <7>pick oneself up(跌倒后)站起来 <8>trip over被……绊倒 <9>limp vi.跛行；一瘸一拐地走 <10>tear n．眼泪；泪水 in tears流着泪；含着泪 <11>neither…nor…既不……也不…… <12>make an attempt to do sth尝试做某事 <13>despair n．绝望vi.绝望；感到无望 ※in despair处于绝望中 <14>responsibility n．责任 <15>keep…from阻止……免受…… <16>harm n．& vt.伤害；损害 <17>see sb doing看到某人正在做某事 <18>say to oneself自言自语 <19>a danger to对……的危险 <20>might n．力量；威力 <21>a great deal (of)大量 <22>succeed in doing sth成功地做成某事 <23>step out走出 <24>belong to属于(to是介词) <25>if not如果不是这样的话；不然，否则 <26>lesson n．经验；教训[熟词生义] 路上的石头 从前有一个国王，他常想：“一个国家的人民只会抱怨，指望别人来解决他们的问题，这样的国家是不会有好结果的。”一天，他有了一个主意。 一天清晨，国王乔装打扮去了当地的一个村庄。他在大街中间放了一块大石头，并把一些金币藏在石头下面。然后他躲在一棵巨大的枫树后面看着。 沿街走来的第一个人是一个推着手推车的送奶工。他撞在石头上，牛奶洒得到处都是。“哪个傻瓜把这块石头放在这里？”他喊道。他站起来，生气地走开了。 过了一会儿，来了一群妇女，每人头上顶着一壶水。一位妇女被石头绊倒了，她的水壶哗啦一声掉在地上。她站起来，一瘸一拐地哭着走了。她和她的朋友们都没想过把石头从道路上移开。 国王整天看着许多人抱怨石头，但他发现没有人试图移动它。国王绝望了，“难道这个村子里没有人觉得有责任保护他们的邻居不受伤害吗？” 就在那时，国王看见一个年轻的女孩走过来。她是当地一个农民的女儿。她工作了一整天，已经非常疲劳。但当她看到那块石头时，她对自己说：“这块石头对天黑后沿街走来的人来说是危险的。我要把它移开。” 那女孩用尽全力推那块石头。经过很大的努力，她终于成功地把它搬到了街道的一边。想象一下当她看到金币在曾经有石头的地方时的惊讶！ 就在这时，国王从树后走了出来。“哦，先生，”女孩说，“这些金币是你的吗？如果不是，我们一定要找到失主，因为他一定是弄丢了。” 国王说：“亲爱的，这些金币是我的。我把它放在路上，并把石头移在了上面。现在这些金币是你的了，因为你是唯一一个懂得我想教给我的人民的道理的人。” Ⅰ.文本整体理解：提取语篇关键要素 What does the fable tell us? It tells us not to complain about the problems we meet, but to solve them positively. Ⅱ.文本细节理解：探寻语篇细节信息 1．What can you infer from the fable? A．The king regretted for what he had done. B．The girl and the king found the owner of the coins. C．The girl wasn't surprised about the coins. D．The king achieved his goal at last. 答案　D 2．What's the RIGHT order of the fable? ①The king placed a stone in the road. ②A group of women passed it. ③A girl saw and moved away the stone. ④A milkman crashed into the stone. A．①②③④　　　　 B．①④②③ C．①②④③ D．④①②③ 答案　B Ⅲ.课文语法填空 There once lived a king with the belief that 1. a nation whose people only expect others to solve their problems wouldn't have a bright future. Early one morning, the 2. disguised (disguise) king went to a village. He placed a large stone in the middle of the main street 3. and hid gold coins under the stone. After that, he hid behind a tree, watching what would happen. The first person down the street tripped over the stone and 4. angrily (angry) went away. Although several 5. passers-by (passer-by) crashed into the stone, none of them stopped 6. to move (move) the stone out of the way. Instead, they complained and left the stone where it was. Just as the king was in despair, a young girl came. Though 7. tired (tire) out, she managed to move it to the side of the road because she thought the stone was a danger to anyone 8. coming (come) down the street. To her surprise, she saw the gold coins where the stone 9. had been placed (place). At that time, the king stepped out 10. from behind the tree and told the girl everything and asked her to keep the coins, for she was worth the award. 1 (教材P20)She picked herself up and limped away in tears. 她站起来，含着泪一瘸一拐地走了。 in tears　流着泪；含着泪 ①burst into tears＝burst out crying　突然哭起来 ②be moved to tears 感动得流泪 hold back one's tears 强忍住眼泪 be close to tears 快要哭了 tears of joy 喜悦的泪水 The girl was moved to tears when she heard that she had been admitted to Peking University. 那个女孩听说她被北京大学录取了，感动得流下了眼泪。 [习作练笔]——补全句子 (1)听到数学考试不及格的消息，这个女孩含泪离开了教室。 Hearing the news that she failed the maths exam, the girl left the classroom in tears . (2)他突然哭了起来，这使我很震惊。 He burst into tears/burst out crying , making me very shocked. (3)那个小女孩的故事是如此悲伤，我几乎忍不住流下了眼泪。 The story of the little girl was so sad that I could hardly hold back my tears . 2 (教材P20)Is there no one in this village who feels any responsibility to keep their neighbours from harm？难道这个村子里就没有人觉得有责任保护他们的邻居免受伤害吗？ harm　n.& vt.伤害；损害 ①do harm to sb/sth＝do sb/sth harm对某人/某物有害 There is no harm in doing sth. 做某事无害。 ②harmful adj.有害的 be harmful to＝do harm to 对……有害 ③harmless adj.无害的 There is no harm in making progress on study. 在学习上取得进步没有任何坏处。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)Reading in the sun does harm to your eyes. (2)If dealt with properly, the waste will not be harmful (harm) to the environment. (3)The new painting has a smell of paints, but it is harmless (harm) to people. [习作练笔]——一句多译 (4)众所周知，吸烟有害健康。 ①As is known to all, smoking does harm to health. ②It is known to us that smoking is harmful to health. 3 (教材P20)After a great deal of effort, she finally succeeded in moving it to the side of the street.经过很大的努力，她终于成功地把它搬到了道路的一边。 a great deal (of)　大量…… ①a great deal “大量”，起名词作用，在句中可以作主语、宾语等； ②a great deal “非常，很”，在句中作状语，可修饰动词或形容词、副词比较级； ③a great deal of后跟不可数名词。 As a matter of fact, I learned a great deal from her. 事实上，我从她身上学到了很多。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)After taking some medicine, the patient felt a great deal better (good)． (2)A great deal of work has been done (do) to improve people's living standard in the past few years. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (3)人们已对保护环境投入很多精力。 A great deal of attention has been paid to protecting the environment. 4 (教材P20)Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road. 她和她的朋友都没想过把石头从路上移开。 句型：neither…nor…既不……也不…… neither…nor…既不……也不……，连接句中两个相同的句子成分。连接主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近一致原则”。遵循“就近一致原则”的其他并列连词： either…or…　不是……就是…… not only…but also… 不仅……而且…… not…but… 不是……而是…… Neither he nor his parents have visited his grandparents so far this month. 他和父母这个月至今为止都没去看望他的祖父母。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)Neither I nor he knows (know) what happened to the old man before. (2)As far as I'm concerned, it is not you but I am (be) responsible for the accident. (3)Either you or one of your students is (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (4)这部电影既没有可爱的角色，也没有美妙的歌曲。 The film has neither cute characters nor wonderful songs . 写作任务——Share your opinions about a moral story 本单元的写作任务是写一篇故事评论。写作时首先了解故事的内涵，对故事进行由表及里的分析，正确解读作者的观点，以批判的眼光看待故事中的人物和逻辑关系；然后联系生活实际，谈论现实生活中相似的状况或情景，客观审视自我和他人面对问题及障碍时的言行，合理组织语言，表达自己的感悟和看法。 跟课文学写作范式 (一)课文范式提炼 (二)写作要点指津 在写故事评论时要注意： 1．不要写成读后感，直接对作品进行分析，不要加入个人的感性评论或抒情，也就是说，分析要理性。 2．简要叙述故事梗概后，在发表个人观点时，要给出原因，以使评论更具有客观性。 跟课文学亮点表达 阅读文章第一部分(Para.1)，习得以下素养 ★学亮点表达 第一段第一句中的Once upon a time是常用的故事开头语，然后作者用One day开始叙述故事。 阅读文章第二部分(Paras.2～5)，习得以下素养 ★学亮点表达 本部分多处使用了现在分词短语：spilling the milk everywhere, each balancing a pot of water on her head, crashing to the ground, making an attempt to move it，使得句子形象、生动，故事的情景历历在目，突显出作者较强的语言功底。 [微写作1]——补全句子 (1)失败了很多次后，他依然没有灰心。 Having failed many times, he didn't still lose heart. (2)看那些正躺在沙滩上的人。 Look at the people lying on the beach . (3)那个小男孩走上楼去，后面拖拽着他的玩具熊。 The little boy went upstairs trailing his teddy bear behind him . ★学逻辑衔接 第二部分主要是按照时间顺序展开的，并运用Early one morning, Then, After a while, all day等时间副词使句子之间层次清晰、衔接紧密、语意连贯。 阅读文章第三部分(Paras.6～9)，习得以下素养 ★学亮点表达 第三部分第八段第三句使用了If not省略句。运用省略结构既可以避免重复表达，又可以使得语言更加精练，突显表达效果。 [微写作2]——补全句子 (1)请认真阅读这篇文章，如果有错请改正。 Please go through the passage carefully and correct the mistakes if any . (2)他可能忙，如果是这样，我以后再来拜访。他如果不忙，我现在可以见他吗？ He may be busy. If so , I'll call later. If not , can I see him now? (一)引述材料常用句型 1．After reading this story, I understand that we teenagers should find and make good use of our advantages, stopping about the shortcomings all the time.读了这个故事之后，我明白了我们青少年应该发现和利用我们的优势，不要总是抱怨自己的缺点。 2．I was deeply impressed with the film's theme which is about protecting the earth. 我对那部主题为保护地球的电影印象深刻。 (二)分析材料常用句型 1．The tells us that one good turn deserves another.这则寓言告诉我们，善有善报。 2．As a matter of fact, the fable mirrors that different attitudes may bring about different results. 事实上，这个寓言反映了不同的态度可能会带来不同的结果。 3．So we should stay positive and value what we have instead of complaining too much. 所以我们应该保持积极的态度，珍惜我们所拥有的，而不是抱怨太多。 4．This story indicates that those not blindly listening to other's criticism or praise are more likely to obtain what they are pursuing. 这个故事表明，那些不盲目听别人批评或赞扬的人更有可能获得他们所追求的东西。 5．So whatever you encounter, accept it willingly and use it to the fullest.所以无论你遇到什么，欣然接受并充分利用它。 (三)总结全文常用句型 1．Whenever I have the ability to help others, I should always lend a hand.每当我有能力帮助别人的时候，我应该总是伸出援助之手。 2．As an old saying goes, means power. 俗话说，团结就是力量。 3．I strongly hope you can have a try and the film will never disappoint you！我强烈希望你看看这部电影，它绝不会让你失望！ 【写作要求】 假定你是李华，请你给学校英语校报写一篇关于《孔融让梨》的英文评论，包括以下内容： 1．故事梗概； 2．内容分析； 3．个人观点。 注意：1．词数80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 【四步成文】 第一步：审题谋篇 第二步：由词扩句 1．《孔融让梨》是一个关于美德的故事。 “Kong Rong Gives up the Biggest Pear” is a story of virtue . 2．孔融四岁时，就能按长幼次序分梨了。 When Kong Rong was four years old, he could divide the pears according to the order of age . 3．每个人都分到了自己应得的一份，唯独给自己的那份是最少的。 Everyone got his share , but the one given to himself was the least . 4．他说尊重长辈是生活的原则。 He said respect for the elderly is the principle of life . 5．作者希望我们要尊重长辈，懂得如何尊重，不要自私。 The author wishes us to respect the elderly , to know how to respect and not to be selfish . 6．故事短小精悍，思路清晰，达到了教育世人的目的。 The story is short, the thread is clear and it serves its purpose of educating the world well . 7．我非常喜欢这个故事，所以我想把它推荐给读者。 I like this story very much, so I would like to recommend it to the readers . 第三步：词汇/句式升级 用so…that…升级第二步中的句7。 I like this story so much that I would like to recommend it to the readers. 第四步：连句成篇 One possible version： “Kong Rong Gives up the Biggest Pear” is a story of virtue.When Kong Rong was four years old, he could divide the pears according to the order of age.Everyone gets his share, but the one given to himself is the least.He said respect for the elderly is the principle of life. The author wishes us to respect the elderly, to know how to respect and not to be selfish.The story is short, the thread is clear and it serves its purpose of educating the world well. I like this story so much that I would like to recommend it to the readers. 假定你是李华，请你给学校英语校报写一篇关于《守株待兔》的英文评论。内容包括： 1．故事梗概； 2．内容分析； 3．个人观点。 注意：词数80左右。 One possible version： “Waiting for a rabbit” is a fable about a farmer in ancient times who accidentally got a hare killed on a tree stump.From then on, he dropped his hoe and waited beside the stump all day long.The purpose of the author is to tell us：only through their own labor can people gain something.Or they will eventually get nothing, leaving a lifetime of regret.The story is short, the thread is clear, and it fully serves the author's purpose of warning the world.I like this story as a reminder that I can't do things by accident.I would like to recommend this story to readers. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$