UNIT 3 Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures（Word教参）-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册（人教版2024）

Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures 省　略 1．(教材P30)A: Oh, I just love nachos! Mexican corn chips covered in cheese! B: Me, too. 2．(教材P30)A: So it's the food of many different cultures, all in one dish? B: Exactly. 3．A：Will you help me with my English? B：Yes, I'd like to (help you with your English)． 4．He always comes to help me whenever (it is) possible. 5．He spent four hours (in) going over his lessons. [自我感知] 1．句1、2、3、4为 句法 上的省略。 2．句5为 词法 上的省略。 为了避免重复，或为了使句子更简练，在一些句子中常常省去一个或某几个成分，这种语法现象在英语中叫省略。在英语句子中，常见的省略情况有以下几种： 一、并列句中的省略 在由and或but连接的并列句中，常省略一些重复的词或词组。 1．省略共同的主语或宾语。 ►Tom picked up a book on the floor and (Tom) handed it to the teacher. 汤姆在地板上捡起了一本书并把它交给了老师。 2．若主语不同，而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同，则省略后面的系动词、助动词或情态动词。 ►Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework. 杰克肯定一直在踢足球，玛丽肯定一直在做作业。 3．若主语与谓语动词相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。 ►His advice made me happy, but (his advice made) Jim angry. 他的建议使我高兴，却使吉姆生气。 4．若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。 ►He has a knowledge of first aid but his friend doesn't (have a knowledge of first aid)．他具备急救知识，但他朋友不具备。 二、复合句中的省略 1．状语从句的省略 (1)在when, while, if, as if, though, although, as, until, once, whether, unless, whenever等连接的状语从句中，当从句主语跟主句主语相同且从句谓语中含有系动词be或从句的主语为it时，则从句中主语和be动词常被省略。 ►As (it is) scheduled, we participated in several instructive activities. 按照计划安排，我们参加了几个有指导意义的活动。 ►Whenever (it is) possible, they would stop him and ask him the three questions. 只要有可能，他们就让他停下并问他这三个问题。 ►Look out for cars when (you are) crossing the street.过街时要当心车辆。 [提示] 省略句中的谓语动词和主语之间构成主动关系，则使用现在分词；若构成被动关系，则使用过去分词；若谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则使用不定式。 ►When (it is) heated, ice can be turned into water.加热的时候冰可以变成水。 (2)在than, as等引导的比较状语从句中常省略某些成分。 ►They don't use more water than (it is) necessary.他们使用的水没有超出需要量。 ►He runs as fast as Bob (runs)． 他和鲍勃跑得一样快。 2．定语从句中的省略 (1)在限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that, which, whom可省略。 ►The computer (which) I wanted to buy was sold out.我想买的那种电脑卖光了。 (2)在定语从句中way作先行词，且在句中充当方式状语时，可省略引导定语从句的关系代词。 ►I don't like the way (that) he speaks to me.我不喜欢他对我说话的方式。 (3)在以the same…as…或such as引导的某些定语从句中，也可省略与主句相同的部分。 ►I have the same trouble as you (have)． 我和你有同样的困难。 3．宾语从句的省略 (1)及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词that一般可以省略；但如果及物动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。 ►I do believe (that) I am very qualified for this voluntary work because I have a good command of spoken English.我确信我适合这个志愿者工作， 因为我精通英语口语。 ►He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart. 他说这篇课文很重要，我们应该牢记在心。 (2)when, where, how和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。 ►I know that a movie star will come to our city but I don't know when (he will come to our city)． 我知道一个电影明星将要来我们市，但我不知道他什么时候来。 三、其他省略情况 1．动词不定式的省略 (1)当不定式在形容词afraid, anxious, eager, glad, happy, ready, willing等后作状语时，to后的内容常省略。 ►You can't force him to answer the question if he's not ready to (answer the question)． 如果他没准备好回答这个问题，你不能强迫他。 (2)某些使役动词，如make, let, have等和感官动词，如see, watch, notice, observe, hear等后面作宾补的不定式须省略to，但若这些动词用于被动语态，则to不省略。 ►We often hear her sing an English song in the classroom. →She is often heard to sing an English song in the classroom.(被动语态) 我们经常听见她在教室唱英文歌。 (3)并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to。但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时，不能省略to。 ►He likes to swim more than (to) skate. 比起溜冰他更喜欢游泳。 ►He believes it important to study rather than to make friends.(比较)他认为最重要的是学习而不是交朋友。 (4)当不定式在某些动词(短语)后作宾语时，常可省略to后的内容。常见的动词(短语)有agree, afford, expect, forget, hope, manage, pretend, remember, refuse, want, wish, would like等。 ►—Will you go to the cinema with me? ——你愿意和我一起去看电影吗？ —I'd like to (go to the cinema with you)． ——我愿意。 (5)介词but, except(除了) 前有实义动词do的某种形式时，后面的不定式不带to。 ►All he could do was nothing but wait and see.他所能做的只有等着瞧。 (6)当不定式在be going to, be able to, have to, ought to, used to后作复合谓语时，不定式可省略。 ►They didn't visit their parents as much as they ought to (visit their parents)． 他们应该多看望父母，但他们没有。 2．使用so, not等时的省略 为了避免重复前面所说过的内容，替代词so/not替代肯定或否定的名词性从句，与believe, do, expect, fear, guess, hope, say, speak, suppose, think, I'm afraid等连用。so表示赞同前面叙述的事实，not表示不赞同前面叙述的事实。 ►—Has she ever been to London? ——她曾到过伦敦吗？ —I don't think so.(＝I don't think she has ever been to London.) ——我想她没去过。 ►—Will it rain tomorrow? ——明天会下雨吗？ —I hope not.(＝I hope it won't rain tomorrow.) ——我希望不会。 ►—Can you come next week? ——你下星期能来吗？ —I'm afraid not.(＝I'm afraid that I cannot come.) ——恐怕我不能来。 四、情景会话中的省略 语言是丰富多彩的，在实际的会话中省略现象比比皆是。常见的有well done, forget it, sounds like a good idea, why not, if so, what if等。 ►—Dad, I have won first prize in the competition. ——父亲，我在竞赛中获得了一等奖。 —Well done, Mary. ——做得好，玛丽。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．You shouldn't come to the party unless invited (invite)． 2．He succeeded in solving all the problems as expected (expect)． 3．They both fell asleep while watching (watch) TV. 4．Though tired (tire), they went on working in order to finish the task on time. 5．Some diseases are not dangerous at all if treated (treat) in time. 6．(2023·新课标Ⅰ改编)Evaluate your performance and, if needed (need), redefine your role. 7．Generally speaking, when taken (take) according to the instructions, the drug has no side effects. 8．While walking (walk) along the river bank, she was singing a pop song. Ⅱ.句型转换 1．If it is possible, I'm going to visit some homes for the old in the city. → If possible , I'm going to visit some homes for the old in the city. 2．The workers are not to blame because they carried out the plan as they were told. →The workers are not to blame because they carried out the plan as told . 3．Why don't we go to Hainan for our holidays? → Why not go to Hainan for our holidays? 4．The little boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother told him not to play there. →The little boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother told him not to . 5．—Shall we go to the concert this evening? —It's a good idea. →—Shall we go to the concert this evening? — Good idea . 6．After it is heated, the amber can be made into any shape. → After being heated , the amber can be made into any shape. Ⅲ.语法与写作 1．除非邀请你发言，否则你应该在这次会议上保持沉默。 Unless invited to speak , you should remain silent at the conference. 2．亨利通过期末考试的可能性很小，但他仍希望通过。 Henry is less likely to pass the end-of-term exam, but he still hopes to . 3．他们的友谊一旦失去，就无法再挽回。 Once lost , their friendship won't be won back. 4．在那家意大利餐馆里，我很难在菜单上找到合适的食物。 I had great difficulty finding the suitable food on the menu in that Italian restaurant. 5．让我惊讶的是，我儿子的数学作业比预期完成得要好。 To my surprise, my son finished his math homework better than expected . 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$