课时作业8（Word练习）-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册（北师大版2024）

课时作业(八) (限时：40分钟) 层级一　语用巩固 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1． Evidently (evident), it has nothing to do with social background. 2．The company locked out the workers, and then the rest of the work force went on strike. 3． Construction (construct) on the bridge has really slowed the traffic. 4．This was my big chance and I grabbed (grab) it with both hands. 5．Anne was intelligent and capable of passing her exams with ease. 6．I remember loving to go there, just wander around and look at all the toys. 7． Continuous (continue) exposure to sound above 80 decibels could be harmful. 8．There is great public concern about some of the chemicals used in food preservation (preserve)． 9．Winter is a good time to plant trees, but make sure the ground is not frozen (freeze)． 10．I looked around in desperation (desperate), waiting to catch the eye of someone who could get me out and save me. Ⅱ.选词填空 fill…with, depend on, nothing like, flash upon, at a glance, as well as, in desperation, wake up 1．She woke up and stretched lazily. 2． In desperation , he returned home and knocked at the door. 3．In these rural areas, people depended/depend on each other for survival. 4．He could tell at a glance what was wrong. 5．At last, a sudden recollection seemed to flash upon him. 6．A successful graduation ceremony shall fill students with pride and hope. 7．I had nothing like enough time to answer all the questions. 8．As she rightly pointed out, the illness can affect adults as well as children. Ⅲ.单句写作 1．He behaved as if nothing had happened . 他表现得若无其事。 2． Her work done , she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。 3．It was so beautiful that I will never forget. 它是如此美丽，我将永远不会忘记。 4．He had a deep voice, which set him apart from others in our small town. 他有一副低沉的嗓音，这使他在我们这个小镇上与众不同。 5．She kept waving to her husband and daughter until they were out of sight. 她一直向丈夫和女儿挥手，直到看不见他们。 6．As I began to eat, I looked around at the other tables and saw another girl sitting alone . 当我开始吃的时候，我环顾了一下其他的桌子，看到另一个女孩独自坐在那里。 层级二　素养提升 Ⅳ.阅读 The Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore, completed in 1436, is the most important landmark in Florence, Italy, and the fourth largest church in the world. The most famous part of the church is the dome(穹顶)．It was created by the genius of the Renaissance(文艺复兴), Filippo Brunelleschi, who showed a great mastery of technical knowledge.Interestingly, Brunelleschi had been a trained goldsmith(金匠) and had never built anything in his life before building the masterpiece.This may sound crazy, but in many ways we look at the relation between Brunelleschi and the church, it seemed that he was “the chosen one” to complete the construction. When he was born in 1377, the church had been under construction for 80 years with no solution to the dome-shaped roof.The building of the church had grown so larger and grander than the original plans that no one had any idea how it would or could be done.In 1418 a public competition was announced for the construction of the dome.Of course, there was the possibility of building the dome with a wooden structure to support it, but that would end up being costly requiring over 400 trees, lots of manpower and time.When Brunelleschi entered the competition, he was the only one with an idea that did not use wood, which caught the attention of the judges. Brunelleschi did many mathematical calculations and invented a lot of new tools and machines for the project, which was started two years after he won the competition.He finished the dome in only sixteen years, which was shockingly fast back in his time. Always known as a secretive person, Brunelleschi didn't leave a single building plan, drawing, or even a letter behind on how he managed to come up with such an amazing design.For years, the structure was a huge mystery about how the dome was built. 语篇导读　主题语境：人与社会/历史、社会与文化。本文为记叙文，主要讲述了天才Filippo Brunelleschi建造了圣玛丽亚·德尔·菲奥里大教堂的圆顶的故事。 1．Why did the church remain unfinished for a long time? A．It was waiting for the chosen one for the task. B．It went too far away from the original plan. C．The wood, labor and time were not enough. D．The tools and machines had not been invented. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段前两句可知，教堂这么长时间没有完工是因为它比原计划更大，故选B项。 2．Why did Brunelleschi get the judges' attention? A．He was a trained goldsmith. B．He had a gift for invention. C．He raised a different design. D．He was good at calculation. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第三句可知，Brunelleschi引起了评委的注意是因为他提出了一个不同的设计，故选C项。 3．In which year was the dome completed? A．1418.　　　　　 B．1420. C．1434. D．1436. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，圆顶是在1436年建成的，故选D项。 4．What does the underlined word “secretive” mean in the last paragraph? A．Not outgoing in personality. B．Creative in imagination. C．Not afraid when making decisions. D．Energetic when working. 答案　A 解析　词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，Brunelleschi没有留下任何建筑平面图、图纸，甚至没有留下一封信来说明他是如何想出如此惊人的设计的，说明他性格不外向，不与外界交流。所以画线词意为“性格不外向”，故选A项。 Ⅴ.完形填空 Shikumen Residence Typical Shikumen Residence is regarded as the most representative house style of Shanghai.This sort of residence combines the 　1　 styles of southern China and western countries. These residences can date back to the 1870s, when the Taiping Rebellion against the 　2　 of the Qing Dynasty broke out.Due to the warfare, the businessmen, ministers and wealthy people moved to the concession(租界) for protection.As a result, many foreign 　3　 businessmen had many residences built to earn money. Construction Features of Shikumen Residence Shikumen Residence is usually a two-floor building constructed with bricks and wood.As the residences are usually linked, a lane naturally comes into being.Two copper door-knockers 　4　 in the whole lane when they are struck. 　5　 the stone gate, you enter a patio(天井)．Right in front of the patio, there is a living room where the hosts meet or treat their 　6　.Passing through the living room, another patio appears. Under the influence of western architecture, the doors and outside walls were gradually 　7　 with the arc-shaped or rectangular carvings and paintings.So, from the outside, the block of residences looks like western-style townhouses.　8　, the lintel(过梁) was usually constructed with Chinese traditional bricks and black tiles. 　9　 of Shikumen Residence It's said that before the 1950s, these residences 　10　 60% of all the Shanghai dwellings and sheltered 60% of the local population.　11　 these, they were popular because of their good locations and convenient transportation.As time passed by, they gradually 　12　 with the pace of the reconstruction of the old areas.Later, when some influential architects put forward that these residences should be 　13　 as a symbol of the typical Shanghai culture, great attention started to be paid to them. Shikumen Culture The appearance of these residences broke through the Chinese traditional lifestyle, under which a large 　14　 family lived in a big courtyard.The new smaller-sized courtyard came into being to lay a foundation for the later Lane Culture.This local culture had a great influence on Shanghai's politics, economy, literature, arts and lifestyle.For example, the literature 　15　 of “Ting Zi Jian” was born at the same time.Later, the scholars continued to create many masterpieces. 1．A．living B．furniture C．variety D．architecture 2．A．domination B．ruling C．betrayal D．imposition 3．A．jewelry B．property C．weapon D．panel 4．A．awaken B．alarm C．echo D．explode 5．A．Living through B．Filtering through C．Getting through D．Stepping through 6．A．food B．guests C．diseases D．culture 7．A．glued B．decorated C．provided D．replaced 8．A．However B．Likewise C．Therefore D．Thus 9．A．Struggle B．Popularity C．Development D．Conservation 10．A．took for B．accounted for C．occupied for D．cared for 11．A．Due to B．In spite of C．Other than D．Apart from 12．A．turned out B．died out C．wiped out D．broke out 13．A．dismissed B．referred C．preserved D．overseen 14．A．single-parent B．extended C．nuclear D．DINK 15．A．school B．prize C．lifestyle D．slogan 语篇导读　主题语境：人与社会/建筑。本文为说明文，介绍了典型的石库门住宅——字面意思是“石仓门”，被认为是上海最具代表性的住宅风格。 1．答案　D 解析　这种住宅结合了中国南方和西方国家的建筑(architecture)风格。 2．答案　A 解析　这些住宅可以追溯到19世纪70年代，当时反对清朝统治(domination)的太平天国运动爆发了。ruling裁决；betrayal背叛；imposition实施。 3．答案　B 解析　因此，许多外国房地产(property)商建造了许多住宅来赚钱。jewelry珠宝；weapon武器；panel仪表盘。 4．答案　C 解析　两个铜制的门环敲门声在整个小巷里回响(echo)。awaken唤醒；alarm报警；explode爆炸。 5．答案　D 解析　穿过石门，你进入一个天井。live through度过；filter through过滤；get through通过，度过；step through逐步通过，故选D项。 6．答案　B 解析　在露台的正前方，有一个客厅，主人在这里接待或招待客人(guest)。 7．答案　B 解析　在西方建筑的影响下，门和外墙逐渐装饰成(decorate)弧形或长方形的雕刻和绘画。glue用胶水粘住；provide提供；replace替代。 8．答案　A 解析　然而(however)，门楣通常是用中国传统的砖和黑瓦建造的。likewise同样地；therefore因此；thus因此。 9．答案　C 解析　该段主要讲的是石库门住宅的发展(development)。struggle斗争；popularity受欢迎程度；conservation保护。 10．答案　B 解析　据说，在20世纪50年代之前，这些住宅占(account for)上海全部住宅的60%，容纳了当地60%的人口。take for误认为；care for关心。 11．答案　D 解析　除此之外(apart from)，它们还因为地理位置好、交通方便而广受欢迎。due to由于；in spite of尽管，虽然；other than除了……。 12．答案　B 解析　随着时间的推移，它们随着旧区重建的步伐逐渐消失(die out)。turn out出现；wipe out消灭；break out爆发。 13．答案　C 解析　后来，当一些有影响力的建筑师提出这些住宅应该作为典型的上海文化的象征而被保存(preserve)下来时，它们开始受到极大的关注。dismiss消除；refer参考；oversee监督。 14．答案　B 解析　这些住宅的出现打破了中国传统的生活方式，在这种生活方式下，大家庭住在一个大院子里。single-parent单亲的；extended扩展了的；nuclear核心的；DINK丁克，故选B项。 15．答案　A 解析　例如，“亭子间”的文学流派(school)就在同一时期诞生。 Ⅵ.语法填空 Chinese writer Hai Ya's The Space-Time Painter won the Hugo Award (雨果奖) for Best Novelette at the 81st World Science Fiction Convention, 1.____________ (hold) in the southwestern Chinese city of Chengdu.He became 2. third Chinese writer to win a Hugo Award after Liu Cixin in 2015 and Hao Jingfang in 2016. The Space-Time Painter 3. (publish) in 2022.It was inspired by the life experience of the 4. (talent) Chinese painter Wang Ximeng during the Northern Song period (960～1127), 5. created the 12-meter-long landscape painting One Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains. It tells a story about the political power struggle of the time combined 6. ____________ diverse elements such as Chinese traditional culture, history and science fiction.“Our culture and traditions are 7. (close) connected with our lives，” said Hai, noting that Chinese sci-fi writers are becoming more confident in showcasing native culture and narratives.“I'm very happy that this work has received 8. (recognize), and as for my personally most satisfying work, it will always be the next one，” said the award winner. 9． (comment) on the Chinese winners of the Hugo Awards, sci-fi writer Han Song wrote on Sina Weibo that it shows that a new force of Chinese sci-fi 10. (rise), and sci-fi has become a name card and a language for China to communicate with the world. 语篇导读　主题语境：人与社会/历史、社会与文化。本文为说明文，介绍了中国作家海漄凭小说《时空画师》成为了中国第三位获得雨果奖的科幻小说家。 1．答案　held　 解析　考查非谓语动词。句意：中国作家海漄的《时空画师》在中国西南部城市成都举行的第81届世界科幻大会上获得了雨果奖最佳短中篇小说奖。句中有谓语won，前后无连词，此处应为非谓语动词作后置定语；动词hold与the 81st World Science Fiction Convention是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词。 2．答案　the　 解析　考查冠词。句意：他成为继2015年的刘慈欣和2016年的郝景芳之后，第三位获得雨果奖的中国作家。根据空后序数词third可知，空处应为定冠词the。 3．答案　was published　 解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。空处作谓语。The Space-Time Painter与publish之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，结合in 2022可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态；主语为单数，故填was published。 4．答案　talented　 解析　考查词性转换。句意：它的灵感来自北宋时期(960～1127)才华横溢的中国画家王希孟的生平经历，他创作了12米长的山水画《千里江山图》。空处应为形容词talented作定语修饰名词Chinese painter。 5．答案　who　 解析　考查引导词。句意参见上题解析。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Wang Ximeng，指人，空处代替先行词在句中作主语，故填who。 6．答案　with　 解析　考查介词。句意：它结合了中国传统文化、历史、科幻小说等多种元素，讲述了一个关于当时政治权力斗争的故事。combine with结合，为固定搭配。 7．答案　closely　 解析　考查词性转换。句意：海认为 ，我们的文化和传统与我们的生活息息相关，并指出中国科幻作家在展示本土文化和故事方面越来越有信心。空处应为副词作状语修饰connected。 8．答案　recognition　 解析　考查词性转换。句意：“我很高兴这部作品得到了认可，至于我个人最满意的作品，它将永远是下一部，”获奖者说。空处应为名词作宾语。 9．答案　Commenting　 解析　考查非谓语动词。句意：科幻作家韩松在新浪微博上评论雨果奖的中国获奖者时表示，这说明中国科幻的一股新生力量正在崛起，科幻已经成为中国与世界交流的名片和语言。动词comment和句子的主语sci-fi writer Han Song之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，空处应为现在分词作状语，句首单词首字母大写。 10．答案　has risen　 解析　考查时态和主谓一致。句意参见上题解析。根据空后的and和has become可知，空处为并列的谓语部分，应用现在完成时；主语为a new force of Chinese sci-fi，故填has risen。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$