课时作业7（Word练习）-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版2024）

课时作业(七) (限时：30分钟) 层级一　语用巩固 Ⅰ.品句填词 1．She packed(打包) a small suitcase for the weekend. 2．Landslides have often cut off many villages in remote areas. 3．The fish tank(缸) needs to be cleaned regularly. 4．Welfare payments cease as soon as an individual starts a job. 5．Losing the match was a bitter(痛苦的) disappointment for the team. 6．Employees voted to accept the offer of an eight percent pay rise. 7．It bothers/bothered(使担心) me to think of her alone in that big house. 8．My nose was bleeding and I plugged(把……塞住) it with cotton wool. 9．The old photo was slightly damaged around the edges(边缘)． 10．He recalled(回忆起) that she always came home late on Wednesdays. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．Few people will admit to being racially prejudiced(prejudice)． 2．She made a resolution(resolve) to visit her relatives more often. 3．Our departure(depart) was delayed because of the bad weather. 4．There's a warning(warn) on the cigarette packet that says “Cigarettes cause cancer”． 5．My father never showed much tolerance(tolerate) towards us children. 6．I have many pleasant(please) recollections of the time we spent together. 7．We've received lots of complaints(complain) about the changes from regular listeners to the programme. 8．At sometime in the past, Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence(violent) far beyond the scale of anything known to humans. Ⅲ.单句写作 1．我不敢想这个手术会花多少钱。(dare not) I dare not think how much this operation is going to cost. 2．我们不用急，时间多的是。(don't have to) We don't have to rush because there's plenty of time. 3．你应该对他更好一点。(ought to) You ought to be kinder to him. 4．他本来可以通过考试，但他太粗心了。(could have done) He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 5．当他走进来的时候我正在看足球赛。(be doing…when…) I was watching the football match when he came in. 层级二　素养提升 Ⅳ.阅读 Meet Ben Saunders：adventurer, athlete, motivational speaker.Ben, at the age of 23, was the youngest man to ski solo (单人滑雪) to the North Pole.He dragged a 180-kilogramme sledge over 1,420 miles through the worst Arctic conditions.This year, as well as planning a return to the Arctic.Ben plans to ski solo from the Antarctic coast to the South Pole and back in the autumn, carrying all his supplies on his sledge. Ben Saunders was fired after persuading the firm to support his disorganised first adventure. “Everything that could go wrong did go wrong.We were attacked by a bear.We started running out of food.It was just desperate.And we didn't get to the Pole：we didn't get there, so we had no media interest.No one heard about it; no book deal, and no speaking.I was so unhappy.” “People said it was impossible for me to get to the Pole.I said, ‘No, I can get there，' and I did.Self-belief, I see it as being a bit like a muscle—it's my belief that the more you stretch yourself, the stronger it gets.If you never do anything that's uncomfortable or risky then your self-belief gets weaker.So that's one of the lessons I've figured out along the way.The thing that I've stretched and tested is my self-belief.” “My Antarctic adventure is just practicable and that's what is exciting to me.If I knew it was possible, if I knew I could do it without too much bother, I wouldn't be interested.Why? Personally I'm attracted by the human performance element to it.Not that long ago, running a marathon was seen as the top point of human attempt, and now I wouldn't be that surprised if my mom said she was going to run one next year.” People's horizons are changing. “I'm not particularly gifted, and I'm absolutely average.I've just chosen this one goal to achieve and I've been working hard to realise it.That's it.And that's the thing that attracts me：with enough training and enough determination, enough focus and preparation, how far can we go？And I don't think I've found out yet.” 语篇导读　主题语境：人与自我/做人与做事。本文为记叙文，主要讲述了英国“极地探险勇士”本·桑德斯的探险故事。 1．What do we know about Ben Saunders' first adventure? A．There was no press coverage. B．It was supported by his company. C．It was well planned and organised. D．He actually reached the North Pole. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，在本·桑德斯的第一次北极探险中，由于他们没有到达北极，所以没有媒体的报道，故选A项。 2．According to Ben Saunders, what should you do if you want to stretch your self-belief? A．Often test your confidence. B．Try something adventurous. C．Aim to reach the North Pole. D．Always stretch your muscles. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段第四句可知，本·桑德斯认为如果你从不做任何不舒服或有风险的事情，那么你的自我信念就会变弱，因此，如果想增强自我信念，就需要尝试一些有挑战的事情，故选B项。 3．Why was Ben Saunders excited about his Antarctic adventure? A．Because he liked running a marathon. B．Because he wanted to exercise his body. C．Because he knew it might be achievable. D．Because he was sure he could do it easily. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，令本·桑德斯感到兴奋的是他的南极探险是可行的、可以实现的，故选C项。 4．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．We have to change our views about adventure. B．We can never know our possibilities and energies. C．We should have a reason for going on an adventure. D．We have to be especially talented to have an adventure. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，本·桑德斯认为我们永远不会知道我们能走多远，即我们不会知道我们的潜能和力量，故选B项。 Ⅴ.阅读七选五 Scientists have long predicted that warmer temperatures caused by climate change will have the biggest impact on the world's poorest people.　1　. A study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that in most poor countries, higher temperatures are more than 90 percent likely to have resulted in decreased economic output, compared to a world without global warming.Meanwhile, wealthier nations even potentially benefit from higher temperatures. “We're not arguing that global warming created inequality，” says Noah S．Diffenbaugh, the author of the study and a professor at Stanford University.“But global warming has put a drag on improvement.” 　2　.A 2015 study in the journal Nature projected that the average income in the poorest countries will decline 75 percent by 2,100 compared to a world without warming, 　3　.And a report released from the IPCC, the UN's climate science body, showed that if global temperatures rise more than 1.5℃ by the end of the century, 　4　 including the destruction of entire communities and millions of premature(早产的) deaths. Even before any of that research was published, climate policymakers have tried to address the problem of the poorest countries facing the worst effects of rising temperatures.Early attempts at addressing global warming on the international stage included different expectations for emissions reduction based on each country's level of development.Poorest countries received more leeway(余地，退路) while the richest bore extra responsibility. 　5　.For example, labor productivity decreases with extreme heat, crops produce lower yields(生产量) and cognitive functioning(认知功能) declines.“There are a number of pathways by which temperature affects building blocks of economic activity，” says Diffenbaugh. A．The new study builds on past research B．poor countries will likely face critical challenges C．What's clear is that, for poor countries, the news is all bad D．Actually, higher temperatures affect economic output in a variety of ways E．they will suffer the most, and they are already F．while some of the richest countries could experience gains in income G．New research now indicates that's already happened over the last several decades 语篇导读　主题语境：人与自然/人与环境。本文为议论文，论述了气候变化加剧了全球不平等。 1．答案　G 解析　顺承关系。根据空前一句可知，第一段讲的内容是科学家们预测到了由于气候变化导致的温度升高对世界上最穷的人们的影响是最大的；第二段进一步证明了这个预测，所以空处表示的是：通过研究，这个预测得到了证实，故选G项。 2．答案　A 解析　顺承关系。根据空后A 2015 study…，再结合上文中的new research可知，空处要表示的意思正好和A项中的The new study builds on past research一致，故选A项。 3．答案　F 解析　对比关系。根据第二段可知，研究中要比较的是最穷的和最富裕的国家，空前介绍是最穷国家的情况，可推知，空处要表达的是最富裕国家的情况，故选F项。 4．答案　B 解析　例证关系。根据下文可知，这些都是最穷国家所面临的困难，故选B项。 5．答案　D 解析　总分关系。根据空后的For example可知，空处是主题句，根据后面的例子可以得出结论，温度的升高会影响经济，故选D项。 Ⅵ.完形填空 It's 6：15 a．m.on a school day, and Jocelyn Murzycki has two kids and she needs to get out of the door in an hour.As the sky begins to 　1　, Murzycki doesn't manage a few more minutes of sleep.　2　, she's heading out in the freezing cold on her daily plog—a run to　3　 litter. First, the 　4　 are: a litter grabber and a reusable shopping bag, one side for landfill and the other for 　5　.Covering herself up, Murzycki jogs 　6　 down Main Street, stopping briefly to pick up a plastic cup.She usually needs to stop halfway through her 20-minute run to 　7　 her bag.Within a few hours the street will look littered again.But she isn't　8　 —it just adds fuel to her plogging fire. The word “plogging” comes from plogga, a 　9　 of two Swedish words that mean to pick up and to jog.The activity was 　10　 by Erik Ahlstrom.When he moved to Stockholm, he felt 　11　 at the amount of litter in the streets and began gathering friends to clean up the neighborhood while out for runs.Now Mr Ahlstrom is traveling around the world, publicizing the 　12　 of plogging.In the US, social media and running groups are 　13　 people to get out and plog: the “plogging” tag(标签) alone has more than 40,000 posts. Murzycki has been doing this for a few years even before the trend hit the US.“It is really super 　14　 if you go out every single day and just pick up litter，” she says.But she's figured out how to make it fun by jogging with friends and adding the 　15　 finding a tiny glass bottle adds one push-up(俯卧撑)． 1．A．clear B．snow C．lighten D．darken 2．A.Thus B．Instead C．Nevertheless D．Otherwise 3．A.pay for B．fight for C．account for D．hunt for 4．A.samples B．necessities C．possessions D．types 5．A.sorting B．releasing C．recycling D．donating 6．A.appropriately B．voluntarily C．frequently D．purposefully 7．A.empty B．drop C．pack D．search 8．A.prevented B．accepted C．discovered D．restricted 9．A.collection B．combination C．connection D．comparison 10．A.launched B．challenged C．controlled D．joined 11．A.mad B．hopeless C．amused D．amazed 12．A.rules B．features C．benefits D．policies 13．A.requiring B．broadcasting C．reminding D．inspiring 14．A.depressing B．confusing C．shameful D．noble 15．A.weight B．footprint C．exercise D．training 语篇导读　主题语境：人与自然/环境保护。本文为记叙文，介绍了一种一边慢跑一边捡垃圾的活动——plog。在享受乐趣的同时，也为保护环境尽一份力。 1．答案　C 解析　根据常识，早上的时候天会逐渐变亮(lighten)。 2．答案　B 解析　没有多睡几分钟，故此处指而是(instead)做了另一件事情替代。thus因此；nevertheless然而；otherwise否则。 3．答案　D 解析　根据第4空后面的a litter grabber(垃圾夹具)可知，Murzycki是去街上寻找(hunt for)垃圾、捡垃圾。pay for为……支付；fight for为……战斗；account for是……的原因。 4．答案　B 解析　句意：必要的工具(necessities)是一个垃圾夹具和一个可重复利用的购物袋。sample样品；possession拥有物；type类型。 5．答案　C 解析　根据下文可知，购物袋的作用是用来回收(recycle)可利用的垃圾的。sort分类；release释放；donate捐赠。 6．答案　D 解析　根据上下文可知，慢跑不仅仅是跑步，捡垃圾也是目标之一。appropriately合适地；voluntarily自愿地； frequently频繁地；purposefully有目的地，故选D项。 7．答案　A 解析　句意：跑步过程中不断回收垃圾，那么包就会装满，所以她经常需要在20分钟的行程中途，停下来清空(empty)她的包。drop丢掉；pack打包；search搜索。 8．答案　A 解析　根据下句可知，街上又出现的垃圾并没有给她带来阻力(prevent)而是动力。 9．答案　B 解析　“plogging”这个单词来自plogga，这是一个由两个瑞典单词(一个意味着捡起，一个意味着慢跑)结合(combination)在一起形成的。 collection收集；connection连接；comparison比较。 10．答案　A 解析　根据第11空后他开始召集朋友们在外出跑步时清理附近垃圾可知，这项活动是由Erik Ahlstrom发起(launch)的。 11．答案　D 解析　根据语境和下文可知，此处指他对街上垃圾的数量感到震惊(amazed)。mad疯狂的；hopeless无望的；amused逗乐的。 12．答案　C 解析　根据动词publicize(宣传)可知，此处应填积极色彩的词，故此处指向人们宣传这个活动的好处(benefit)。 13．答案　D 解析　句意：在美国，社交媒体和跑步团体正在鼓励(inspire)人们走出去并且参与捡垃圾的活动。 14．答案　A 解析　根据下文to make it fun可知，此处应表相反意义，故此处指如果你每天都去到外面并且只是捡垃圾，这真的是太令人沮丧了(depressing)。 15．答案　C 解析　句意：但是她想出了如何通过与朋友们一起慢跑和增加锻炼(exercise)来获得乐趣，每找到一个小玻璃瓶就增加一个俯卧撑。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$