精品解析：北京市大峪中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题

第二部分：知识运用 第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分) 第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 17-year-old Norwood was driving three friends home in St. Petersburg, Florida, on February 20. As they reached a crossroads, a black car ___1___ them. Their car sailed into someone’s yard and crashed into a tree. As smoke rose from the car, a bystander shouted, “It’s about to blow up! Get out!” The ___2___ had caved in Norwood’s driver’s side door, jamming it shut. ___3___, but otherwise OK, she climbed out through the window. Along with two of her friends, who’d also managed to ___4___ themselves, Norwood ran for her life. But halfway down the street, she realized that her best friend, Simmons, wasn’t with them. Norwood ran ___5___ and found Simmons in the back seat, unconscious. She threw open the back door and pulled her friend out, avoiding the broken glass as best as she could. She ___6___ Simmons to safety and laid her on the ground. “I checked her pulse (脉搏), and put my head against her chest. No sign of life,” Norwood told CNN, “That’s when I started CPR. Fortunately, I ___7___ my CPR certificate yesterday.” She started pumping Simmons’s chest and breathing into her friend’s mouth in hopes of filling her lungs with the kiss of life. No ___8___. And then, after the 30 compressions (按压) and two rescue breaths, Simmons regained consciousness. The CPR had ___9___! Soon, paramedics (急救人员) arrived and rushed Simmons to the hospital, where she heard how her best friend had saved her life. “I wasn’t ____10____,” Simmons said. “She will always help any way she can.” 1. A. stopped B. hit C. guided D. passed 2. A. impact B. symbol C. weight D. gravity 3 A. Relaxed B. Shaken C. Amazed D. Embarrassed 4. A. free B. defeat C. meet D. protect 5. A. back B. around C. forward D. outside 6. A. pushed B. rolled C. drove D. dragged 7. A. lost B. tested C. earned D. provided 8. A. trouble B. response C. preparation D. exception 9. A. begun B. finished C. failed D. worked 10. A. calm B. upset C. surprised D. nervous 第三部分：阅读理解(共两节，40分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，共30分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Paragliding is a kind of flying, but instead of the wing being made of metal, wood or plastic, it is made of nylon or polyester. The wing is attached to a harness by lines where a pilot sits, similar to a parachute. Is it safe? Paragliding, is as safe as sailing and deep-sea diving. The big advantage is that it’s probably the slowest form of aviation, so if you do crash, you'll hit the ground quite gently! It’s a very relaxing sport as you're mostly sitting down. Yet, you’ll probably experience pain in some muscles you didn’t know you had while learning, but many of those will be due to the walk up the training hill to launch. Where do I learn? There are lots of schools, mainly based inland by appropriate hills or mountains, and there are also schools on the coast near spectacular cliffs. These are very attractive, though the prospect of landing in the sea seems to discourage beginners! It takes seven days to get your basic license; then you’re free to fly independently at sites across the country. What do I need? Pilots normally wear warm clothes in case they get very high up, and a helmet in case they stumble on landing. In terms of gear, schools supply basic training, canopies, harnesses, etc. However, you'll probably want to buy your own more sophisticated equipment, which you’ll be able to choose much better once you’ve tried some out on your course. Who can do it? There’s no upper age limit provided your instructor judges you capable, but the youngest is 14. Anybody with good eyesight and good balance is a potential paraglider pilot. Flying a paraglider is a great sport. We hope to see you in the air with us this season! 11. Which would be the best heading for Paragraph 1? A. What is paragliding? B. Who invented paragliding? C. How is paragliding special? D. Why is paragliding popular? 12. According to the passage, paragliding is____________ . A. exciting but tiring B. safe and relaxing C. attractive but expensive D. fast and challenging 13. What can we know from the passage? A. Fit people of any age can take up paragliding. B. Most paragliding schools are situated by the sea. C. Pilots need to buy basic equipment on their training course. D. Learners can fly on their own after at least a week’s training. B When a Houston dad found out his eight-year-old son was being bullied (欺负), he didn’t get mad at the classmate who teased him. Instead, he talked with the so-called bully and realized that the boy was struggling, too. Aubrey Fontenot’s son, Jordan, told him a boy named Tamarion was teasing him. Fontenot decided to sit down with his son and Tamarion to understand what was going on, and something unexpected happened. Tamarion told Fontenot he was being teased at school, too. “I asked, ‘By who? You are big. You are huge. Who is teasing you?’” the father said. “He said, ‘Just all the other kids, man. They are making fun of me.” Fontenot learned that Tamarion was getting teased for his clothes and shoes—his clothes and shoes were old and dirty. Fontenot then spoke to the boy’s mother. “She kind of confirmed it,” Fontenot said. “And she said, ‘That’s the kind of situation.’” He felt sympathetic to the young boy and wanted to help. So he asked Tamarion’s mom if he could take her son to do some shopping. Fontenot posted videos of their trip to the mall on social media and they went viral. Tamarion eventually smiled, and then the two were laughing and singing together on their shopping trip. Just as if he were taking his own son to do some shopping, Fontenot got Tamarion new clothes and shoes, and shared words of wisdom with him. Then, the dad united the two boys. He said it was awkward at first—just a day earlier, they didn’t get along well at school. But the two classmates started playing sports games together and soon became friends. It was not just about the clothes and shoes. Tamarion gained a friend in Jordan, and a mentor in his dad. Fontenot said he was also bullied when he was a child, so he knew it was important to listen to Tamarion’s story. He chose kindness instead of anger and brought the two boys together. “I wouldn’t say that was the goal, but that was the reward,” Fontenot said. 14. What was Fontenot’s attitude toward his son’s being bullied? A. Amazed and embarrassed. B. Angry and impatient. C. Calm and sensible. D. Sad and discouraged. 15. Why does the author say “something unexpected happened” in the second paragraph? A. Fontenot liked Tamarion instantly. B. Tamarion bullied Jordan out of kindness. C. Tamarion was also a victim of bullying. D. Fontenot and Tamarion’s mother used to be friends. 16. What did Fontenot do to solve the problem of bullying? A. He turned to the school for help. B. He asked Tamarion’s mother to settle the problem. C. He ordered his son never to play with Tamarion again. D. He made the two boys united and join together. 17. What can we know from the text? A Jordan’s being bullied arose from his clothes and shoes. B. Jordan and Tamarion got along well in the beginning. C. Tamarion’s mother paid little attention to Tamarion. D. Fontenot communicated with Tamarion’s mother to know about him. C Removing gender bias Tailors worked out long ago that men and women have different shapes. Yet this message has failed to enter many other areas of design. Car seat belts, for example, which date back to the 1880s, are often still more suitable for men, who tend to sit farther back than women when driving. And today the most forward-looking tech companies on Earth are still placing old-school bias (偏见，成见) into new products. Consider smart phones. Most are too big to fit comfortably into the average woman’s hand, as are many video-game controllers. An obvious part of the explanation for their design problem is that men control most of its companies — male-run firms receive 82% of venture-capital (VC) funding. Male bosses may be unaware of the problems women face. They may not flag up obvious areas of concern, or ask the right questions when doing their research for a new product design. And once an idea gets the preen light, it will then be handled by product-design and, engineering teams, three-quarters of whose members are men. These teams often use data to make decisions, but mixing all users together means they may fail to spot trends based on sex differences. Dependence on historical data, and the lack of data on underrepresented groups, can also create bias in algorithms (算法). Next comes testing. Naturally’, designers test original models on their intended customers, but they may not get feedback from a broad enough group of people. There is also the risk of confirmation bias — designers may listen to what they want to hear, and ignore negative reactions from some groups of users. Tech’s design bias needs fixing for moral, safety and business reasons. The ethical importance is obvious: it is wrong that women have to make do with a “one-size-fits-men” world, as Caroline Criado Perez, a writer, puts it. As for safety, regulators can tackle that by banning things that are dangerous to women — including seat belts — because they are not designed properly. But there is also a powerful business case for avoiding design bias, because huge opportunities are being missed. Women are 50% of the population, and make 70 — 80% of the world’s consumer-spending decisions. Change is coming. The first voice-recognition systems struggled to understand female voices, but most now manage just fine. “Femtech” start-up companies, which focus on women’s health and well-being, may raise MYM 1 billion by the end of this year. VC funds and tech firms are hiring more women. Ensuring that products are designed for everyone would lead to happier and safer customers. For the companies that get it right, that means higher profits. What is holding them back? 18. Why are car seat belts often designed with a bias towards men? A. Because men tend to sit farther back in cars compared to women. B. Because car seat belts have not undergone significant changes since their invention. C. Because tech companies are incorporating biases into their new car seat belt designs. D. Because tailors have a deeper understanding of body shapes than car seat belt designers. 19. What is discussed in Paragraphs 2 and 3? A. Why tech’s design bias needs to be fixed. B. How gender bias is affecting tech companies. C. Where gender bias in product design is rooted. D. Who is to blame for gender bias in tech companies. 20. We can learn from the passage that . A. tech companies are unwilling to change B. design bias may result in missed opportunities C. male workers benefit more in engineering teams D. tech companies are poor at making user-friendly products 21. How does the author feel about the future of bias-free product design? A. Uncertain. B. Sceptical. C. Negative. D. Positive. D It is rapidly emerging as one of the most important technological, and increasingly ideological, divides of our times: should powerful generative artificial intelligence systems be open or closed? Supporters say they broaden access to the technology, stimulate innovation and improve reliability by encouraging outside scrutiny. Far cheaper to develop and deploy, smaller open models also inject competition into a field dominated by big US companies such as Google. Microsoft and OpenAI that have invested billions developing massive, closed and closely controlled generative Al systems. But detractors argue open models risk lifting the lid on a Pandora’s box of troubles. Bad actors can exploit them to spread personalised disinformation, while terrorists might use them to manufacture cyber or bio weapons. “The danger of open source is that it enables more crazies to do crazy things, “Geoffrey Hinton, one of the pioneers of modern AI, has warned. The history of OpenAI, which developed the popular ChatGPT chatbot, is itself instructive. As its name suggests, the research company was founded in 2015 with a commitment to develop the technology as openly as possible. But it later abandoned that approach for both competitive and safety reasons. Once OpenAI realised that its generative AI models were going to be “unbelievably potent”, it made little sense to open source them, Ilya Sutskever, OpenAI’s chief scientist said. Supporters of open models hit back, ridiculing the idea that open generative AI models enable people to access information they could not otherwise find from the internet or a rogue scientist. They also highlight the competitive self-interest of the big tech companies in shouting about the dangers of open models, whose intention is to establish their own market dominance strongly. But there is an ideological dimension to this debate, too. Yann LeCun, chief scientist of Meta, has likened the arguments for controlling the technology to medieval obscurantism (蒙昧主义): the belief that only a self-selecting priesthood of experts is wise enough to handle knowledge. In the future, all our interactions with the vast digital repository of human knowledge will be mediated through Al systems. We should not want a handful of Silicon Valley companies to control that access. Just as the internet flourished by resisting attempts to enclose it, so AI will thrive by remaining open, LeCun argues. Wendy Hall, royal professor of computer science at Southampton university, says we do not want to live in a world where only the big companies run generative Al. Nor do we want to allow users to do anything they like with open models. “We have to find some compromise,” she suggests. We should certainly resist the tyranny (暴政) of the binary (二进制) when it comes to thinking about AI models. Both open and closed models have their benefits and flaws. As the capabilities of these models evolve, we will constantly have to tweak the weightings between competition and control. 22. What does the underlined word “potent” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A. Accessible. B. Powerful. C. Significant. D. Unnoticeable. 23. What can we learn from this passage? A. It needs billions of dollars to develop and deploy open-source models. B. The field of generative AI systems is dominated by big companies. C. Only self-selecting experts can handle open models wisely. D. Users can do anything they like with open models at this moment. 24. Regarding Wendy Hall’s suggestions, the author is ______. A. sympathetic B. puzzled C. unconcerned D. opposed 25. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. How to Keep the Lid on the Pandora’s Box of Open AI B. Divides on Open AI: technology and ideology C. Where does the Debate on Open AI End D. Pros and Cons of Open AI 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Learn to Be Accountable How does it feel when you admit that you have done something wrong? Taking responsibility for your actions not only feels good, it teaches you to trust yourself and strengthens friendships. What does being accountable mean? It can be easy to blame (责怪) others or make excuses for mistakes, but being accountable means accepting that you are responsible for what you say and do. ____26____ You could say the bus was late, but being accountable means apologising and accepting that it was your responsibility to get there on time. However, being accountable doesn’t mean taking the blame for things you can’t change. You’re only accountable for things that you can control. ____27____ According to research, understanding you have control over your own actions makes you feel more positive and hopeful about the future. ____28____ For example, I remember a time I got the sofa dirty. I was going to lie about it because when my mum saw she got cross. But after I told her the truth, I wasn’t in as much trouble as I thought. Being accountable is also an opportunity to fix your mistakes and learn from them, and this helps you to trust yourself more too. How can you be accountable? ____29____ One way of doing this is by drawing a circle of control to help you work this out. As well as being responsible for what you can change, try accepting the things you can’t. We can’t always control what happens to us. ____30____ We can still choose our attitude. Finally, being accountable means taking responsibility when things go right, too, so remember to celebrate and feel good about yourself when this happens. A. What makes you accountable? B How is being accountable good for you? C. But we do have a say in how we respond to it. D Start by understanding what is in and out of your control. E. Taking responsibility can also make others trust you more. F. Imagine arranging to meet a friend and then turning up late. G. This can increase your happiness and help you achieve more. 第二卷 I.选词填空(共7小题;每小题2分，共14分) 用方框中单词或短语的适当形式完成下列句子，每个单词只能用一次。 complain, passion, handle, comfort, sense, innovate, fortunate 31. Most customers were satisfied because their needs and problems ___________ 32. He was very ___________ about his disability and thought everyone was staring at him. 33. People living in this community ___________ because traffic in the area has increased and there are not enough parking places. 34. When my family were busily preparing dinner, my brother was sitting ___________ in the sofa. 35. My first painting sold for $50, a small ___________ then for an art student. 36 He was one of the most creative and ___________ engineers of his generation. 37. He’s ___________ about the need to protect the environment. II.语法填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分) 在未给提示词的空白处填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 38. He told me that he ___________ (make) several friends since he worked in the new company.(所给词的适当形式填空) 39. Don’t mind ___________ (make) grammar mistakes when you are communicating with foreigners. (所给词的适当形式填空) 40. ___________ (know) basic first aid techniques will help you respond quickly in emergencies. (所给词的适当形式填空) 41. I ___________ (walk) in the street when suddenly Jim stopped to me. (所给词的适当形式填空) 42. The little baby was always throwing small things away around his house, ___________ made his parents crazy. (用适当的词填空) 43. Jason Harley used to live in a huge house ___________ six bedrooms. (用适当的词填空) 44. We traveled together as far as New York, ___________ we say goodbye to each other. (用适当的词填空) 45. Our hometown, Mentougou, is a small peaceful place ___________ (locate) in the southwest of Beijing. (所给词的适当形式填空) 46. In order to protect the environment, we should use more public transportation instead of ___________ (take) car journeys. (所给词的适当形式填空) 47. The church, ___________ roof was damaged in the terrible fire, has been repaired. (用适当的词填空) III.完成句子(共5小题;第1-4题每题2分，第5题3分，共11分) 根据括号中所给提示完成下列句子。 48. 他一生都在从事杂交水稻研究。(devote...to) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 49. 每天睡前的阅读是我一天中最愉快的事。(doing做主语)(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 50. 如果学生能接触到好的资源，他们更可能达成自己的目标。(have access to)(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 51. 这些运动旨在减少学生的压力。(aim to)(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 52. 一点额外的努力能让你与其他人与众不同。(set sb apart)(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ VI.书面表达(共20分) 53. 假设你是李华，你校要举办“英语读者剧场”活动，请你给你校外籍教师Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他来做评委。内容包括： 1.活动内容（朗读并表演文学作品）； 2.活动时间和地点； 3.表达希望。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 提示词：读者剧场Reader's Theater 文学作品literary works Dear Jim, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第二部分：知识运用 第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分) 第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 17-year-old Norwood was driving three friends home in St. Petersburg, Florida, on February 20. As they reached a crossroads, a black car ___1___ them. Their car sailed into someone’s yard and crashed into a tree. As smoke rose from the car, a bystander shouted, “It’s about to blow up! Get out!” The ___2___ had caved in Norwood’s driver’s side door, jamming it shut. ___3___, but otherwise OK, she climbed out through the window. Along with two of her friends, who’d also managed to ___4___ themselves, Norwood ran for her life. But halfway down the street, she realized that her best friend, Simmons, wasn’t with them. Norwood ran ___5___ and found Simmons in the back seat, unconscious. She threw open the back door and pulled her friend out, avoiding the broken glass as best as she could. She ___6___ Simmons to safety and laid her on the ground. “I checked her pulse (脉搏), and put my head against her chest. No sign of life,” Norwood told CNN, “That’s when I started CPR. Fortunately, I ___7___ my CPR certificate yesterday.” She started pumping Simmons’s chest and breathing into her friend’s mouth in hopes of filling her lungs with the kiss of life. No ___8___. And then, after the 30 compressions (按压) and two rescue breaths, Simmons regained consciousness. The CPR had ___9___! Soon, paramedics (急救人员) arrived and rushed Simmons to the hospital, where she heard how her best friend had saved her life. “I wasn’t ____10____,” Simmons said. “She will always help any way she can.” 1. A. stopped B. hit C. guided D. passed 2. A. impact B. symbol C. weight D. gravity 3. A. Relaxed B. Shaken C. Amazed D. Embarrassed 4. A. free B. defeat C. meet D. protect 5. A. back B. around C. forward D. outside 6. A. pushed B. rolled C. drove D. dragged 7. A. lost B. tested C. earned D. provided 8. A. trouble B. response C. preparation D. exception 9. A. begun B. finished C. failed D. worked 10. A. calm B. upset C. surprised D. nervous 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了在一场车祸后Norwood如何镇定自若利用所学的急救知识勇敢援救朋友Simmons的故事。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她们到达一个十字路口时，一辆黑色的汽车撞上了他们。A. stopped停止；B. hit撞击；C. guided指导；D. passed通过。根据下文“Their car sailed into someone’s yard and crashed into a tree.”可知，一辆车撞上了他们，致使她们的车驶进另一个院子，撞到了树上。故选B。 2题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：句意：碰撞使得Norwood驾驶员这侧的车门塌陷，将门卡住了。 A. impact碰撞；B. symbol象征；C. weight重量；D. gravity重力。根据上文“As they reached a crossroads, a black car ___1___ them. Their car sailed into someone’s yard and crashed into a tree.”可知，Norwood的车遭受了撞击，驾驶员这侧的门塌陷被卡住了。故选A。 【3题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：恐惧的然而在别的方面还是可以的，她从窗户爬了出去。A. Relaxed放松的；B. Shaken恐惧的；C. Amazed惊奇的；D. Embarrassed尴尬的。根据上文“As smoke rose from the car, a bystander shouted,‘It’s about to blow up! Get out!’”可知，汽车遭到撞击，即将爆炸，因此推断Norwood是恐惧的。故选B。 【4题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Norwood和她的两个朋友，也设法自己逃了出来，一起逃命。A. free使摆脱；使自由；B. defeat打败；C. meet遇见；D. protect保护。根据上文“Along with two of her friends”和下文“Norwood ran for her life”可知，Norwood和这两个朋友一起逃命，说明朋友也成功自救。who引导定语从句，指代two of her friends，此处说的是朋友成功自救。free oneself“解脱；使自己自由”符合语境。故选A。 【5题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：她跑回去发现Simmons在后座上，昏迷不醒。A. back向后；B. around在周围；C. forward向前；D. outside在外边。根据上文“she realized that her best friend, Simmons, wasn’t with them”和下文“found Simmons in the back seat, unconscious”可知，Norwood发现Simmons没有和她们一起逃生，于是跑回去发现了后座上昏迷的Simmons。故选A。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她把Simmons拽到安全的地方，然后把她放在地上。A. pushed推动；B. rolled滚动；C. drove开车；D. dragged拖拽。根据下文“laid her on the ground”可知，Norwood把Simmons从车里拽了出来。故选D。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，我昨天获得了心肺复苏术证书。A. lost失去；B. tested测验；C. earned赢得；获得；D. provided提供。根据上文“That’s when I started CPR.”以及Fortunately可知，Norwood开始给Simmons做心肺复苏，幸运的是，昨天她获得了心肺复苏术证书，可以实施心肺复苏。故选C。 【8题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有回应。A. trouble麻烦；B. response回复；C. preparation准备；D. exception例外。根据上文“She started pumping Simmons’s chest and breathing into her friend’s mouth in hopes of filling her lungs with the kiss of life.( 她开始按压她朋友的胸膛，往朋友的嘴里吹气，希望能用生命的吻填满她的肺。)”和下文“then, after the 30 compressions (按压) and two rescue breaths, Simmons regained consciousness.( 然后，经过30次按压和两次急救呼吸后，Simmons恢复了意识)”可知，开始做心肺复苏时，Simmons没有回应，又经过努力按压和两次急救呼吸后，她才恢复意识。故选B。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：心肺复苏术起作用了。A. begun开始；B. finished完成；C. failed失败；D. worked起作用。根据上文“Simmons regained consciousness”可知，Simmons恢复了意识，说明心肺复苏术起作用了。故选D。 【10题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我并不感到惊讶，”Simmons说“她总是会尽力帮助。” A. calm镇静的；B. upset不安的；C. surprised惊奇的； D. nervous紧张的。根据下文“She will always help any way she can.”可知，Simmons对于Norwood会挽救她的生命，因此她知道她总是会尽力提供帮助。故选C。 第三部分：阅读理解(共两节，40分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，共30分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Paragliding is a kind of flying, but instead of the wing being made of metal, wood or plastic, it is made of nylon or polyester. The wing is attached to a harness by lines where a pilot sits, similar to a parachute. Is it safe? Paragliding, is as safe as sailing and deep-sea diving. The big advantage is that it’s probably the slowest form of aviation, so if you do crash, you'll hit the ground quite gently! It’s a very relaxing sport as you're mostly sitting down. Yet, you’ll probably experience pain in some muscles you didn’t know you had while learning, but many of those will be due to the walk up the training hill to launch. Where do I learn? There are lots of schools mainly based inland by appropriate hills or mountains, and there are also schools on the coast near spectacular cliffs. These are very attractive, though the prospect of landing in the sea seems to discourage beginners! It takes seven days to get your basic license; then you’re free to fly independently at sites across the country. What do I need? Pilots normally wear warm clothes in case they get very high up, and a helmet in case they stumble on landing. In terms of gear, schools supply basic training, canopies, harnesses, etc. However, you'll probably want to buy your own more sophisticated equipment, which you’ll be able to choose much better once you’ve tried some out on your course. Who can do it? There’s no upper age limit provided your instructor judges you capable, but the youngest is 14. Anybody with good eyesight and good balance is a potential paraglider pilot. Flying a paraglider is a great sport. We hope to see you in the air with us this season! 11. Which would be the best heading for Paragraph 1? A. What is paragliding? B. Who invented paragliding? C. How is paragliding special? D. Why is paragliding popular? 12. According to the passage, paragliding is____________ . A. exciting but tiring B. safe and relaxing C. attractive but expensive D. fast and challenging 13. What can we know from the passage? A. Fit people of any age can take up paragliding. B. Most paragliding schools are situated by the sea. C. Pilots need to buy basic equipment on their training course. D. Learners can fly on their own after at least a week’s training. 【答案】11. A 12. B 13. D 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇应用文。文章介绍了什么是滑翔伞及学习滑翔伞的一些信息。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Paragliding is a kind of flying, but instead of the wing being made of metal, wood or plastic, it is made of nylon or polyester.The wing is attached to a harness by lines where a pilot sits, similar to a parachute.(滑翔伞是一种飞行，但它的机翼不是由金属、木材或塑料制成的，而是由尼龙或聚酯制成的。机翼通过绳索连接到安全带上，飞行员坐在那里，类似于降落伞)”可知，本段主要描述了什么是滑翔伞。故选A项。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据Is it safe?内容“Paragliding, is as safe as sailing and deep-sea diving.(滑翔伞，就像航海和深海潜水一样安全)”及“It’s a very relaxing sport as you’re mostly sitting down.(这是一项非常放松的运动，因为你大部分时间都是坐着的)”可知，滑翔伞是一项安全放松的运动。故选B项。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据Where do I learn?内容“It takes seven days to get your basic license; then you’re free to fly independently at sites across the country.(获得基本驾照需要7天时间；然后你就可以在全国各地独立飞行了)”可知，经过至少一周的训练，学习者可以独立飞行。故选D项。 B When a Houston dad found out his eight-year-old son was being bullied (欺负), he didn’t get mad at the classmate who teased him. Instead, he talked with the so-called bully and realized that the boy was struggling, too. Aubrey Fontenot’s son, Jordan, told him a boy named Tamarion was teasing him. Fontenot decided to sit down with his son and Tamarion to understand what was going on, and something unexpected happened. Tamarion told Fontenot he was being teased at school, too. “I asked, ‘By who? You are big. You are huge. Who is teasing you?’” the father said. “He said, ‘Just all the other kids, man. They are making fun of me.” Fontenot learned that Tamarion was getting teased for his clothes and shoes—his clothes and shoes were old and dirty. Fontenot then spoke to the boy’s mother. “She kind of confirmed it,” Fontenot said. “And she said, ‘That’s the kind of situation.’” He felt sympathetic to the young boy and wanted to help. So he asked Tamarion’s mom if he could take her son to do some shopping. Fontenot posted videos of their trip to the mall on social media and they went viral. Tamarion eventually smiled, and then the two were laughing and singing together on their shopping trip. Just as if he were taking his own son to do some shopping, Fontenot got Tamarion new clothes and shoes, and shared words of wisdom with him. Then, the dad united the two boys. He said it was awkward at first—just a day earlier, they didn’t get along well at school. But the two classmates started playing sports games together and soon became friends. It was not just about the clothes and shoes. Tamarion gained a friend in Jordan, and a mentor in his dad. Fontenot said he was also bullied when he was a child, so he knew it was important to listen to Tamarion’s story. He chose kindness instead of anger and brought the two boys together. “I wouldn’t say that was the goal, but that was the reward,” Fontenot said. 14. What was Fontenot’s attitude toward his son’s being bullied? A. Amazed and embarrassed. B. Angry and impatient. C. Calm and sensible. D. Sad and discouraged. 15. Why does the author say “something unexpected happened” in the second paragraph? A. Fontenot liked Tamarion instantly. B. Tamarion bullied Jordan out of kindness. C. Tamarion was also a victim of bullying. D. Fontenot and Tamarion’s mother used to be friends. 16. What did Fontenot do to solve the problem of bullying? A. He turned to the school for help. B. He asked Tamarion’s mother to settle the problem. C. He ordered his son never to play with Tamarion again. D. He made the two boys united and join together. 17. What can we know from the text? A. Jordan’s being bullied arose from his clothes and shoes. B. Jordan and Tamarion got along well in the beginning. C. Tamarion’s mother paid little attention to Tamarion. D. Fontenot communicated with Tamarion’s mother to know about him. 【答案】14. C 15. C 16. D 17. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位父亲对于孩子在学校受到欺负时如何处理这种情况。该孩子的父亲了解到欺负他儿子的学生也受到别人欺负时，该父亲表示同情，并为这个孩子买了衣服和鞋子，最后这两个孩子成了朋友。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“When a Houston dad found out his eight-year-old son was being bullied, he didn’t get mad at the classmate who teased him. Instead, he talked with the so-called bully and realized that the boy was struggling, too.(当休斯敦的一位父亲发现他八岁的儿子被欺负时，他没有对取笑他的同学生气。相反，他与所谓的恶霸交谈，意识到男孩也在挣扎。)”可知，Fontenot对于Jordan在学校被欺负这件事的态度是冷静和理智的。故选C项。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Tamarion told Fontenot he was being teased at school, too.(Tamarion告诉Fontenot，他在学校也被取笑。)”可知，作者提到了意料之外的情况，是为了说明Tamarion在学校也是被欺负的受害者。故选C项。 【16题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段“Then, the dad united the two boys. He said it was awkward at first- just a day earlier, they didn’t get along well at school. But the two classmates started playing sports games together and soon became friends.(然后，父亲把两个男孩联合起来。他说刚开始的时候很尴尬，就在前一天，他们在学校相处得不好。但两个同学开始一起玩体育游戏，很快就成了朋友。)”以及最后一段“He chose kindness instead of anger and brought the two boys together.(他选择了善良而不是愤怒，把两个男孩带到了一起。)”可知，Fontenot通过让这两个孩子联合在一起解决了这个问题。故选D项。 【17题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Fontenot then spoke to the boy’s mother. “She kind of confirmed it,” Fontenot said. “And she said, ‘That’s the kind of situation.’”(Fontenot 随后与男孩的母亲交谈。“她有点证实了这一点，”丰特诺说。她说，‘就是这种情况。’”)”可知，Fontenot通过和Tamarion母亲的交流了解了该孩子的一些情况。故选D项。 C Removing gender bias Tailors worked out long ago that men and women have different shapes. Yet this message has failed to enter many other areas of design. Car seat belts, for example, which date back to the 1880s, are often still more suitable for men, who tend to sit farther back than women when driving. And today the most forward-looking tech companies on Earth are still placing old-school bias (偏见，成见) into new products. Consider smart phones. Most are too big to fit comfortably into the average woman’s hand, as are many video-game controllers. An obvious part of the explanation for their design problem is that men control most of its companies — male-run firms receive 82% of venture-capital (VC) funding. Male bosses may be unaware of the problems women face. They may not flag up obvious areas of concern, or ask the right questions when doing their research for a new product design. And once an idea gets the preen light, it will then be handled by product-design and, engineering teams, three-quarters of whose members are men. These teams often use data to make decisions, but mixing all users together means they may fail to spot trends based on sex differences. Dependence on historical data, and the lack of data on underrepresented groups, can also create bias in algorithms (算法). Next comes testing. Naturally’, designers test original models on their intended customers, but they may not get feedback from a broad enough group of people. There is also the risk of confirmation bias — designers may listen to what they want to hear, and ignore negative reactions from some groups of users. Tech’s design bias needs fixing for moral, safety and business reasons. The ethical importance is obvious: it is wrong that women have to make do with a “one-size-fits-men” world, as Caroline Criado Perez, a writer, puts it. As for safety, regulators can tackle that by banning things that are dangerous to women — including seat belts — because they are not designed properly. But there is also a powerful business case for avoiding design bias, because huge opportunities are being missed. Women are 50% of the population, and make 70 — 80% of the world’s consumer-spending decisions. Change is coming. The first voice-recognition systems struggled to understand female voices but most now manage just fine. “Femtech” start-up companies, which focus on women’s health and well-being, may raise MYM 1 billion by the end of this year. VC funds and tech firms are hiring more women. Ensuring that products are designed for everyone would lead to happier and safer customers. For the companies that get it right, that means higher profits. What is holding them back? 18. Why are car seat belts often designed with a bias towards men? A. Because men tend to sit farther back in cars compared to women. B. Because car seat belts have not undergone significant changes since their invention. C. Because tech companies are incorporating biases into their new car seat belt designs. D. Because tailors have a deeper understanding of body shapes than car seat belt designers. 19. What is discussed in Paragraphs 2 and 3? A. Why tech’s design bias needs to be fixed. B. How gender bias is affecting tech companies. C. Where gender bias in product design is rooted. D. Who is to blame for gender bias in tech companies. 20. We can learn from the passage that . A. tech companies are unwilling to change B. design bias may result in missed opportunities C. male workers benefit more in engineering teams D. tech companies are poor at making user-friendly products 21. How does the author feel about the future of bias-free product design? A. Uncertain. B. Sceptical. C. Negative. D. Positive. 【答案】18. A 19. C 20. B 21. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要论述了科技产品设计中存在的性别偏见问题及改变趋势。 【18题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第一段中“Car seat belts, for example, which date back to the 1880s, are often still more suitable for men, who tend to sit farther back than women when driving. (例如，汽车安全带可以追溯到19世纪80年代，现在仍然更适合男性，因为男性在开车时往往比女性坐得更靠后。)”可知，汽车安全带通常是为男性设计的偏见是因为男性在车里坐得比女性更靠后。故选A。 【19题详解】 主旨大意题。由文章第二段中“An obvious part of the explanation for their design problem is that men control most of its companies — male-run firms receive 82% of venture-capital (VC) funding. (其设计问题的一个明显原因是，男性控制了大部分公司——男性经营的公司获得了82%的风险投资资金。)”以及第三段中“Next comes testing. Naturally’, designers test original models on their intended customers, but they may not get feedback from a broad enough group of people. (接下来是测试。当然，设计师会在目标客户身上测试原始模型，但他们可能无法从足够广泛的人群中获得反馈。)”可知，第二、三段主要讨论了产品设计中的性别偏见根源。故选C。 【20题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第五段“But there is also a powerful business case for avoiding design bias, because huge opportunities are being missed. Women are 50% of the population, and make 70 — 80% of the world’s consumer-spending decisions. (但避免设计偏见也有一个强有力的商业理由，因为巨大的机会正在被错过。女性占人口的50%，她们做出了世界上70-80%的消费支出决定。)”可知，设计偏见可能导致错失良机。故选B。 【21题详解】 推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“Change is coming. The first voice-recognition systems struggled to understand female voices, but most now manage just fine. “Femtech” start-up companies, which focus on women’s health and well-being, may raise MYM 1 billion by the end of this year. VC funds and tech firms are hiring more women. (变革正在到来。第一批语音识别系统在理解女性声音方面遇到了困难，但现在大多数都能很好地识别了。“女性科技”初创公司专注于女性健康和福祉，可能在今年年底前筹集到10亿MYM。风险投资基金和科技公司正在雇佣更多的女性。)”可知，作者对无偏见产品设计的未来持积极态度。故选D。 D It is rapidly emerging as one of the most important technological, and increasingly ideological, divides of our times: should powerful generative artificial intelligence systems be open or closed? Supporters say they broaden access to the technology, stimulate innovation and improve reliability by encouraging outside scrutiny. Far cheaper to develop and deploy, smaller open models also inject competition into a field dominated by big US companies such as Google. Microsoft and OpenAI that have invested billions developing massive, closed and closely controlled generative Al systems. But detractors argue open models risk lifting the lid on a Pandora’s box of troubles. Bad actors can exploit them to spread personalised disinformation, while terrorists might use them to manufacture cyber or bio weapons. “The danger of open source is that it enables more crazies to do crazy things, “Geoffrey Hinton, one of the pioneers of modern AI, has warned. The history of OpenAI, which developed the popular ChatGPT chatbot, is itself instructive. As its name suggests, the research company was founded in 2015 with a commitment to develop the technology as openly as possible. But it later abandoned that approach for both competitive and safety reasons. Once OpenAI realised that its generative AI models were going to be “unbelievably potent”, it made little sense to open source them, Ilya Sutskever, OpenAI’s chief scientist said. Supporters of open models hit back, ridiculing the idea that open generative AI models enable people to access information they could not otherwise find from the internet or a rogue scientist. They also highlight the competitive self-interest of the big tech companies in shouting about the dangers of open models, whose intention is to establish their own market dominance strongly. But there is an ideological dimension to this debate, too. Yann LeCun, chief scientist of Meta, has likened the arguments for controlling the technology to medieval obscurantism (蒙昧主义): the belief that only a self-selecting priesthood of experts is wise enough to handle knowledge. In the future, all our interactions with the vast digital repository of human knowledge will be mediated through Al systems. We should not want a handful of Silicon Valley companies to control that access. Just as the internet flourished by resisting attempts to enclose it, so AI will thrive by remaining open, LeCun argues. Wendy Hall, royal professor of computer science at Southampton university, says we do not want to live in a world where only the big companies run generative Al. Nor do we want to allow users to do anything they like with open models. “We have to find some compromise,” she suggests. We should certainly resist the tyranny (暴政) of the binary (二进制) when it comes to thinking about AI models. Both open and closed models have their benefits and flaws. As the capabilities of these models evolve, we will constantly have to tweak the weightings between competition and control. 22. What does the underlined word “potent” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A. Accessible. B. Powerful. C. Significant. D. Unnoticeable. 23. What can we learn from this passage? A. It needs billions of dollars to develop and deploy open-source models. B. The field of generative AI systems is dominated by big companies. C. Only self-selecting experts can handle open models wisely. D. Users can do anything they like with open models at this moment. 24. Regarding Wendy Hall’s suggestions, the author is ______. A. sympathetic B. puzzled C. unconcerned D. opposed 25. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. How to Keep the Lid on the Pandora’s Box of Open AI B. Divides on Open AI: technology and ideology C. Where does the Debate on Open AI End D. Pros and Cons of Open AI 【答案】22. B 23. B 24. A 25. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕“生成式人工智能系统应该是开放的还是封闭的”这一论题展开，分析了开放和封闭两种观点的支持者和反对者的论据，以及这一争论背后的技术、安全和意识形态等方面的考量。 【22题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线单词上一段““The danger of open source is that it enables more crazies to do crazy things, “Geoffrey Hinton, one of the pioneers of modern AI, has warned. (现代人工智能的先驱之一Geoffrey Hinton警告称：“开源的危险在于，它让更多的疯子能够做疯狂的事情。”)”可推测，OpenAI意识到其生成式人工智能模型功能很强大。选项A“Accessible (可进入的)”；选项B“Powerful (强大的)”；选项C“Significant (重要的)”；选项D“Unnoticeable (未被注意的)”。故选B。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Far cheaper to develop and deploy, smaller open models also inject competition into a field dominated by big US companies such as Google. Microsoft and OpenAI that have invested billions developing massive, closed and closely controlled generative Al systems. (更小的开放式模型的开发和部署成本要低得多，也为谷歌(Google)等美国大公司主导的领域注入了竞争。微软和OpenAI已经投入数十亿美元开发大规模、封闭和严格控制的生成人工智能系统。)”可推测出，生成式AI系统领域主要由大公司主导。故选B。 【24题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Wendy Hall, royal professor of computer science at Southampton university, says we do not want to live in a world where only the big companies run generative Al. Nor do we want to allow users to do anything they like with open models. “We have to find some compromise,” she suggests. (南安普顿大学计算机科学皇家教授Wendy Hall表示，我们不希望生活在一个只有大公司运行生成式人工智能的世界里，也不希望允许用户用开放模型做任何他们喜欢的事情。“我们必须找到一些妥协”，她建议道。)”以及最后一段“We should certainly resist the tyranny (暴政) of the binary (二进制) when it comes to thinking about AI models. Both open and closed models have their benefits and flaws. As the capabilities of these models evolve, we will constantly have to tweak the weightings between competition and control. (在考虑人工智能模型时，我们当然应该抵制二进制的暴政。开放和封闭模式都有各自的优点和缺点。随着这些模型功能的发展，我们将不断调整竞争和控制之间的权重。)”可推测，作者对于Wendy Hall的建议表示了理解和同情。Wendy Hall认为，尽管开放模型可能带来风险，但我们应该努力解决这些问题，而不是简单地封闭这些系统。作者通过引用Wendy Hall的观点，表达了对她这一立场的理解和支持，认为她提出的观点是合理和有见地的。故选A。 【25题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“It is rapidly emerging as one of the most important technological, and increasingly ideological, divides of our times: should powerful generative artificial intelligence systems be open or closed? (它正迅速成为我们这个时代最重要的技术和意识形态分歧之一：强大的生成式人工智能系统应该是开放的还是封闭的？)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要探讨了关于生成式人工智能系统（Open AI）是否应该开放或封闭的争论。选项A“How to Keep the Lid on the Pandora’s Box of Open AI(如何为开放AI的潘多拉魔盒盖上盖子)”恰如其分地抓住了这篇文章的本质，它讨论了在人工智能模型的发展中，需要在开放性和控制力之间取得平衡。它将人工智能的潜力比作潘多拉的盒子，强调了其好处和风险的双重性质。这个标题表明，有必要仔细管理这个“盒子”上的“盖子”，以确保人工智能的潜力得到利用，同时减轻其潜在的危害。故选A。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Learn to Be Accountable How does it feel when you admit that you have done something wrong? Taking responsibility for your actions not only feels good, it teaches you to trust yourself and strengthens friendships. What does being accountable mean? It can be easy to blame (责怪) others or make excuses for mistakes, but being accountable means accepting that you are responsible for what you say and do. ____26____ You could say the bus was late, but being accountable means apologising and accepting that it was your responsibility to get there on time. However, being accountable doesn’t mean taking the blame for things you can’t change. You’re only accountable for things that you can control. ____27____ According to research, understanding you have control over your own actions makes you feel more positive and hopeful about the future. ____28____ For example, I remember a time I got the sofa dirty. I was going to lie about it because when my mum saw she got cross. But after I told her the truth, I wasn’t in as much trouble as I thought. Being accountable is also an opportunity to fix your mistakes and learn from them, and this helps you to trust yourself more too. How can you be accountable? ____29____ One way of doing this is by drawing a circle of control to help you work this out. As well as being responsible for what you can change, try accepting the things you can’t. We can’t always control what happens to us. ____30____ We can still choose our attitude. Finally, being accountable means taking responsibility when things go right, too, so remember to celebrate and feel good about yourself when this happens. A. What makes you accountable? B. How is being accountable good for you? C. But we do have a say in how we respond to it. D. Start by understanding what is in and out of your control. E. Taking responsibility can also make others trust you more. F. Imagine arranging to meet a friend and then turning up late. G. This can increase your happiness and help you achieve more. 【答案】26. F 27. B 28. E 29. D 30. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者通过自己的一些事例讨论做一个负责的人这个话题，其带来的好处以及怎么才能做一个负责的人。 【26题详解】 上文“It can be easy to blame (责怪) others or make excuses for mistakes, but being accountable means accepting that you are responsible for what you say and do. (责备他人或为错误找借口是很容易，但承担责任意味着承认自己对自己的言行负责。)”指出做一个承担责任，有责任的人意味着承认自己对自己的言行负责。下文“You could say the bus was late, but being accountable means apologising and accepting that it was your responsibility to get there on time. (你可以说公共汽车晚点了，但要负起责任就意味着要道歉并接受准时到达是你的责任。)”则举例说明，把迟到不归咎于汽车而是归咎于自己是一个有责任的人应该做的。选项F“Imagine arranging to meet a friend and then turning up late.(想象一下，安排与朋友见面，然后迟到。)”也和下文一样通过“迟到”这个例子解释说明负责人意味着什么，与前后文联系密切。故选F项。 【27题详解】 下文“According to research, understanding you have control over your own actions makes you feel more positive and hopeful about the future. (根据研究，了解到自己可以掌控自己的行为，会让你对未来感到更加积极和充满希望。)”以及“Being accountable is also an opportunity to fix your mistakes and learn from them, and this helps you to trust yourself more too.( 负责任也是一个纠正错误并从中吸取教训的机会，这也有助于你更加信任自己。)”指出掌控自己的行为，即对自己的行为负责有好处，能让自己更加积极，充满希望，也有助于你更加信任自己。这说明这一段正好回答了选项B“How is being accountable good for you? (做一个负责的人对你有什么好处？)”提出的问题，因此选项B提出的这一问题可以作为第二段的小标题。故选B项。 【28题详解】 下文“But after I told her the truth, I wasn’t in as much trouble as I thought.(但在我告诉她真相后，我并没有像我想象的那样陷入麻烦。)”举例说明因为自己主动承担责任反而没有被妈妈责罚，这是负责任带给作者的好处。选项E“Taking responsibility can also make others trust you more.( 承担责任也能让别人更加信任你。)指出负责带来的第二个好处，然后下文通过举例进一步解释这个好处，前后过渡自然。故选E项。 【29题详解】 上文这一段的小标题“How can you be accountable?(如何成为负责的人？)”表明这一段旨在给读者提出建议，具体说明如何才能成为负责的人。下文“One way of doing this is by drawing a circle of control to help you work this out.(方法之一是画一个控制圈来帮助你解决这个问题。)”指出了如何成为负责的人一个方法。选项D“Start by understanding what is in and out of your control.(首先要了解什么是你所能控制的，什么是你无法控制的。)”提出建议，告诉读者该怎么做才能成为负责的人，这既回答了小标题提出的问题，也作为介绍，引出了下文。故选D项。 【30题详解】 上文“We can’t always control what happens to us.(我们不能总是控制发生在我们身上事情。)”指出有一些事情我们不能控制。下文“We can still choose our attitude. (我们仍然可以选择自己的态度。)”选项C“But we do have a say in how we respond to it.(但我们确实对如何应对它有发言权。)”则通过but“但是”提出转折，转而指出我们可以做的是什么事，这与上文转折，与下文递进，符合语境。故选C项。 第二卷 I.选词填空(共7小题;每小题2分，共14分) 用方框中单词或短语的适当形式完成下列句子，每个单词只能用一次。 complain, passion, handle, comfort, sense, innovate, fortunate 31. Most customers were satisfied because their needs and problems ___________ 32. He was very ___________ about his disability and thought everyone was staring at him. 33. People living in this community ___________ because traffic in the area has increased and there are not enough parking places. 34. When my family were busily preparing dinner, my brother was sitting ___________ in the sofa. 35. My first painting sold for $50, a small ___________ then for an art student. 36. He was one of the most creative and ___________ engineers of his generation. 37. He’s ___________ about the need to protect the environment. 【答案】31. were handled 32. sensitive 33. are complaining 34. comfortably 35. fortune 36. innovative 37. passionate 【解析】 【31题详解】 考查动词。句意：大多数客户都很满意，因为他们的需求和问题都得到了解决。根据“Most customers were satisfied”以及句意“解决”可知应用动词handle，与主语构成被动关系，根据上文were可知为一般过去时的被动语态，主语为their needs and problems，谓语用复数。故填were handled。 【32题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他对自己的残疾很敏感，觉得每个人都在盯着他看。根据“thought everyone was staring at him”以及句意“敏感”可知应用形容词sensitive，作表语。故填sensitive。 【33题详解】 考查动词。句意：住在这个社区的人都在抱怨，因为这个地区的交通增加了，而且没有足够的停车位。根据“because traffic in the area has increased and there are not enough parking places”以及句意“抱怨”可知应用动词complain，表示正在发生用现在进行时，主语为People，谓语用复数。故填are complaining。 【34题详解】 考查副词。句意：当我的家人正忙着准备晚餐时，我哥哥舒服地坐在沙发上。根据“in the sofa”以及句意“舒服地”可知应用副词comfortably，修饰动词sit。故填comfortably。 【35题详解】 考查名词。句意：我的第一幅画卖了50美元，这在当时对一个学艺术的学生来说是一笔不小的财富。根据“My first painting sold for $50”以及句意“财富”可知应用名词fortune。故填fortune。 【36题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他是他那一代最具创造力和创新精神的工程师之一。根据“He was one of the most creative”以及句意“创新”可知应用形容词innovative，修饰名词engineers。故填innovative。 【37题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他对保护环境的必要性充满热情。根据“about the need to protect the environment”以及句意“充满热情”可知应用形容词passionate，作表语。故填passionate。 II.语法填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分) 在未给提示词的空白处填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 38. He told me that he ___________ (make) several friends since he worked in the new company.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had made 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：他告诉我自从他在新公司工作以来，他交了几个朋友。根据后文 since he worked in the new company可知用现在完成时，此处主句told可知为一般过去时，从句应用相对应的过去时态，用过去完成时。故填had made。 39. Don’t mind ___________ (make) grammar mistakes when you are communicating with foreigners. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】making 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当你与外国人交流时，不要介意犯语法错误。make mistakes“犯错误”。mind doing sth.是固定用法，表示“介意做某事”，所以此处应用make的动名词形式making，作宾语。故填making。 40. ___________ (know) basic first aid techniques will help you respond quickly in emergencies. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Knowing 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：了解基本的急救技术将帮助你在紧急情况下迅速做出反应。本句谓语为will help，此处为非谓语动词，“_______ (know) basic first aid techniques”在句中作主语，应用know“了解”的动名词形式knowing，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Knowing。 41. I ___________ (walk) in the street when suddenly Jim stopped to me. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was walking 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：我正在街上走着，这时吉姆突然拦住了我。walk“走”。此处是固定句型be doing...when...“正在做某事，这时……”，表示一个动作正在进行时，突然发生了另一个动作，由stopped可知，句子描述过去的事情，因此主句用过去进行时，主语是I，be动词用was。故填was walking。 42. The little baby was always throwing small things away around his house, ___________ made his parents crazy. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这个小婴儿总是把他家里的小东西扔得到处都是，这让他的父母很抓狂。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 43. Jason Harley used to live in a huge house ___________ six bedrooms. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】with 【解析】 【详解】考查介词。句意：杰森·哈雷过去住在一座有六间卧室的大房子里。此处表示“带有六间卧室的房子”，应用介词with表示“具有，带有”。故填with。 44. We traveled together as far as New York, ___________ we say goodbye to each other. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们一起旅行到了纽约，在那里我们彼此道别。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是New York，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 45. Our hometown, Mentougou, is a small peaceful place ___________ (locate) in the southwest of Beijing. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】located 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们的家乡门头沟是位于北京西南部的一个宁静的小地方。此处locate与place构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填located。 46. In order to protect the environment, we should use more public transportation instead of ___________ (take) car journeys. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】taking 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了保护环境，我们应该更多地使用公共交通，而不是开车出行。本句中谓语为should use，本空为非谓语动词，作instead of的宾语，要用take“乘坐，搭乘”的动名词形式taking。故填taking。 47. The church, ___________ roof was damaged in the terrible fire, has been repaired. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那座教堂，其屋顶在那场可怕的火灾中受损，已经被修复了。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是The church，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作定语，修饰roof，表示所属关系，应用关系代词whose 引导。故填whose。 III.完成句子(共5小题;第1-4题每题2分，第5题3分，共11分) 根据括号中所给提示完成下列句子。 48. 他一生都在从事杂交水稻研究。(devote...to) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】He is/has been devoted to hybrid rice research all his life. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和固定短语。表示“他”用he，作主语；表示“致力于……，献身于……”be devoted to，表示“致力于，献身于”，to是介词， 本句陈述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，be动词用is；或者可以理解为从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，时态用现在完成时，助动词用has。表示“杂交水稻研究”用hybrid rice research，作宾语。表示 “他一生”用all his life。故翻译为：He is/has been devoted to hybrid rice research all his life. 49. 每天睡前的阅读是我一天中最愉快的事。(doing做主语)(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Reading before going to bed every day is the most enjoyable part of my day./Reading before going to bed every day is the happiest thing during the day. 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词、时态。表示“阅读”用read；表示“去睡觉”用go to bed，用动名词，作介词before“在……以前”的宾语，用动名词短语Reading before going to bed every day“每天睡前的阅读”作主语。表示“是”用be，句子描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，be动词用is。表示“我一天中最愉快的部分”用the most enjoyable part of my day或the happiest thing during the day，作表语。故翻译为：Reading before going to bed every day is the most enjoyable part of my day./Reading before going to bed every day is the happiest thing during the day. 50. 如果学生能接触到好的资源，他们更可能达成自己的目标。(have access to)(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】If students have access to good resources, they are more likely to achieve their goals. 【解析】 【详解】考查条件状语从句和固定短语。表示“如果学生能接触到好的资源”用if引导的条件状语从句，从句中表示 “学生”用students，作主语，表示“能接触到，可以使用”用have access to，是固定短语，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语为复数，谓语用have；表示“好的资源”用good resources，作宾语。主句中：用they作主语，指代前面从句中的students； 表示“更可能做某事”用be more likely to do sth.，主语为they，be动词用are；表示“达成他们的目标”用achieve their goals，位于不定式符号to后，用动词原形。故翻译为：If students have access to good resources, they are more likely to achieve their goals. 51. 这些运动旨在减少学生的压力。(aim to)(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】These campaigns/sports aim to reduce students’ pressure. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和固定短语、动词不定式。表示“这些运动”用these campaigns/sports，作主语；表示“旨在，目的是，打算”用固定短语aim to do sth.，句子描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语these为复数，谓语用动词原形。表示“减少学生的压力”用reduce students’ pressure，用不定式，作aim的宾语。故翻译为：These campaigns/sports aim to reduce students’ pressure. 52. 一点额外的努力能让你与其他人与众不同。(set sb apart)(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】A little extra effort can set you apart from others. 【解析】 【详解】考查情态动词和固定短语。表示“一点额外的努力”应用a little extra effort，作主语；表示“使与众不同”短语为set sb apart from，can“能够”，后跟动词原形；表示“其他人”用others。故翻译为A little extra effort can set you apart from others. VI.书面表达(共20分) 53. 假设你是李华，你校要举办“英语读者剧场”活动，请你给你校外籍教师Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他来做评委。内容包括： 1.活动内容（朗读并表演文学作品）； 2.活动时间和地点； 3.表达希望。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 提示词：读者剧场Reader's Theater 文学作品literary works Dear Jim, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, I’m Li Hua, a students of yours. I'm writing to inform you that an activity named Reader's Theater will be held in the lecture hall next Friday and we would like to invite you to be one of the judges of the activity. The activity is intended to arouse students' enthusiasm to learn English, and it will cover a wide range of activities. At the beginning, a mini lecture related to the Reader's Theater will be arranged, after which there will be various fantastic literary works reading and performing given by students. Finally, the judges will give their points and opinions about the students’ performance. We will greatly appreciate it if you could accept our invitation. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生校外籍教师Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他来做本校要举办的“英语读者剧场”的活动评委。 【详解】1.词汇积累 通知：announce →inform 首先：at first→ at the beginning 各种各样的：all kinds of →various 回复：answer→ reply 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Finally, the judges will give their points and opinions about the students’ performance. 拓展句：Finally, the judges will give their points and opinions that are about the students’ performance. 【点睛】 【高分句型1】A t the beginning, a mini lecture related to the Reader's Theater will be arranged, after which there will be various fantastic literary works reading and performing given by students.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】 We will greatly appreciate it if you could accept our invitation.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$