内容正文:
Unit 3 After-School activities
一、like/love “喜欢”的用法:
like/love doing表示长时间的兴趣爱好,习惯性动作; like/love to do指偶尔或具体的一次性喜好,与将来动作相关。例如:
I like to feed the animals and pick vegetables and fruit.我喜欢喂动物和采摘蔬菜和水果。
I like reading books。我喜欢读书。
基础训练:
1.—Do you like to ________ your bed?
—Yes, I love to ________ chores.
A.do; do B.do; make C.make; do D.make; make
二、afraid 的用法及解析:
结构和用法:be afraid to do sth. 和 be afraid of doing sth.都表达了“不敢做某事”的意思,但细微之处有所不同。
be afraid to do sth.更强调内心的恐惧感,即主语对即将执行的动作感到害怕或不安。
比如:“He was afraid to go out alone at night.”(他害怕晚上独自外出。这表明他对于晚上独自外出感到内心的恐惧和不安。)
再如:“He is afraid to touch the snake.”(他不敢碰那条蛇。这说明他内心深处对蛇感到恐惧。)
“be afraid of”表示“害怕……”,其中“of”是介词,后面可以接名词、代词、动名词(动词的 -ing形式)等。
这种结构侧重于描述对某种事物、情况或人的恐惧,强调害怕的对象。
I'm afraid of dogs.(我害怕狗。)
She is afraid of the dark.(她害怕黑。)
They are afraid of making mistakes.(他们害怕犯错误。)
基础训练:
1.My sister is afraid ________ snakes.
A.at B.in C.of D.on
2.Sally will go to Hangzhou by train because she is afraid ________.
A.to flying B.fly C.of flying D.flying
三、without 的用法:
Without”介词,表示“没有”或“缺乏”某物或某情况时的状态。
● I can't live without water.(没有水我无法生活。)
“without”后面跟的是名词,表示缺少某个物品或条件。
●He couldn't finish the work without helping me.(没有我的帮助,他无法完成工作。)
●They wouldn't have succeeded without trying hard.(没有努力,他们就不会成功。)
这里,“without”后面跟的是动名词(即动词的-ing形式),表示缺少某个动作或行为。
1.He came to school this morning without ________ his bike.
A.ride B.riding C.rides D.rode
2.—Why can’t you trust me? Not everything you heard is true.
—Maybe not. But _________.
A.out of sight, out of mind B.a good book is a good friend
C.doing is better than saying D.there is no smoke without fire
3.Nobody can live without ________ for a long time.
A.clean water B.dirty water C.rain water D.sea water
四、fill的用法及解析:
1.fill in:意思:通常指在某个空间或框架内填入信息或内容,使其完整。
·填写表格或文件上的空白处,如“Please fill in the form.”(请填写表格。)
替代某人的位置或角色,如“Can you fill in for me while I'm away?”(我不在的时候你能替我一下吗?)
2.fill out:意思:更多指将某个表格、问卷或文件等完全填满,或指某人的身材变得丰满或肌肉发达。
完全填写一份表格或问卷,如“Make sure you fill out the application completely.”(确保你完全填写了申请。)
描述人的体型变化,如“He has really filled out since he started working out.”(他开始锻炼后真的变得强壮了。)
基础训练:
1..Fill in this ________ with your personal information.
A.form B.format C.former D.formation
3.Would you mind ________ quiet for a moment? I’m trying ________ a form.
A.keeping; filling out B.to keep; to fill out C.keeping; to fill out D.to keep; filling out
4.Jenny, ________ out the form please. You are allowed to join the sports club.
A.fills B.fill C.will fill D.filled
五、exercise的用法:
1.作名词:★含义:
表示“运动;锻炼”,如跑步、游泳、打球等体育活动,可以是室内或室外的。例如:I do exercise every morning.(我每天早上做运动。)
★也可指“练习”,即为了掌握某种技能或知识而进行的反复实践,如学习语言、乐器等过程中的练习。例如:还能表示“习题;作业”,通常指课堂上布置给学生的练习题目。例如:The teacher gave us some exercises to do after class.(老师给我们留了一些课后作业。)
不可数与可数用法:
★当表示“运动;锻炼”和“练习”的含义时,通常是不可数名词。例如:Regular exercise is good for our healt(经常锻炼对我们的健康有益。)
★当表示“习题;作业”时,是可数名词,可以用复数形式。例如:There are many exercises in this textbook.(这本教科书里有很多习题。)
2.作动词:含义:主要意思是“锻炼;运动”,强调进行体育活动来保持身体健康或改善体质。例如:You should exercise more to keep fit.(你应该多锻炼以保持健康。)
★也有“练习;训练”的意思,常用于学习技能、培养习惯等方面。例如:She exercises her piano skills every day.(她每天练习钢琴技巧。)
★还可以表示“行使(权利、职责等)”,较为正式的用法。例如:He exercises his right to speak at the meeting.(他在会议上行使了发言权。)
及物与不及物用法:
★作为“锻炼;运动”和“练习;训练”的意思时,可以是及物动词,也可以是不及物动词。及物动词用法时,后接宾语,表示锻炼或练习的具体对象。例如:She exercises her dog every day.(她每天遛狗锻炼它。);★不及物动词用法时,不接宾语。例如:My father exercises every morning.(我父亲每天早上锻炼。)
★ 当表示“行使(权利、职责等)”时,为及物动词,必须接宾语。例如:We should exercise our rights.(我们应该行使我们的权利。)
基础训练:
1.The doctor asks him to ________ and ________ to lose weight (体重).
A.eat more; exercise more B.eat less; exercise less C.eat less; exercise more D.eat more; exercise less
2.Tom never does _______ to keep fit. He always does Maths ________ at home.
A.exercises; exercise B.exercises; exercises C.exercise; exercises D.exercise; exercise
3.To keep fit, you should take more ________, such as doing morning ________ and running.
A.exercise; exercise B.exercises; exercises C.exercise; exercises
4.Dear students, ________ useful exercise is very good for our health. And doing some useful English ________ is very good for our study as well.
A./; exercise B.a; exercises C.some; exercises
六、be close to 的用法:
“be close to”表示“接近于;在……附近;与……关系密切”。具体用法:
1.表示空间上的接近:
意为“在……附近”,描述两个物体或地点在空间上的相对位置。
例句:The school is close to my house. (学校离我家很近。)
2.表示时间上的接近:
意为“接近于”,描述某个时间点或事件即将发生。
例句:We are close to finishing the project.(我们即将完成这个项目。)
3.表示关系上的亲密:
意为“与……关系密切”,描述人与人之间的情感联系或友好程度。
例句:She is close to her family.(她和家人关系很亲密。)
基础训练:
1.—Remember ________ the windows when you leave next time.
—But I remember ________ them just now, Mum.
A.closing; to close B.closing; closing C.to close; closing D.to close; to close
2.The new flat is ________ than the old one, but it is ________ to my school .
A.small; closer B.big; farther C.smaller; close D.bigger; far
七、arrive at和arrive in的区别如下:
★arrive:“到达”。使用时无需指出具体地点,主要表示到达的动作。
arrive at:表示“到达某地”,通常用于较小的地点,如学校、机场、车站等。强调到达的具体地点,使用时需指出到达的具体位置。arrive at school/gym/airport
★arrive in:表示“到达某个区域”,通常用于较大的地点,如国家、城市等。
强调到达的较大范围或区域,使用时需指出到达的广泛地区。
arrive in China/Beijing/Shijiazhuang
基础训练:
1.They arrived ________ a small village ________ a cold morning.
A.in;in B.in;on C.at;on D.at;in
2.He arrived ________ Huai’an half an hour ago. So he will arrive ________ home soon.
A.in;at B.in;/ C./; at D.to; in
八、as .....as....用法:
“as...as”表示两个事物在程度、数量、质量等方面的相等或相似。
★·肯定句:as +形容词/副词原级+as
My sister is as tall as me.(我妹妹和我一样高。)
He runs as fast as a rabbit.(他跑得和兔子一样快。)
★否定句:not as/so +形容词/副词原级+ as
This film is not as interesting as that one.(这部电影没有那部有趣。)
She doesn't sing as well as her sister.(她唱得没有她姐姐好。)
注意事项
★“as...as”结构中,形容词或副词需要使用原级形式,不能使用比较级或最高级形式。例如,不能说“as taller as”“as the tallest as”。
在使用“as...as”结构时,要注意前后比较的对象应该是同一范畴的事物,否则会导致逻辑错误。例如,不能说“My bag is as heavy as my desk”(我的包和我桌子一样重),因为包和桌子不属于同一类可比较的事物,这里可能想表达的是“My bag is as heavy as yours”(我的包和你的一样重)。
基础训练:
1.Be more careful! A miss is as ________ as a mile.
A.good B.well C.better D.best
2.Tara works as ________ as Tina.
A.hard B.harder C.hardest
3.The students run to the playground as ________ as they can.
A.quickly B.quick C.loyal D.dangerous
九、about用法:
about:作介词:表示“关于,对于;涉及”。 用于引出与某人、某事相关的主题或内容,常与疑问词连用,构成特殊疑问句。例如:What is he talking about?(他在说什么?)
She knows a lot about Chinese history.(她对中国历史了解很多。)
★可用于询问或陈述某方面的情况、信息等。
例如:Can you tell me something about the new book?(你能给我讲讲这本新书吗?)
He gave us a report about the market research.(他给我们做了一份关于市场调研的报告。)
★表示“在……周围,在……附近”。 指在某一地点或物体的周边区域,强调位置上的接近。例如:
There are some trees about the house.(房子周围有一些树。)
They walked about the lake, enjoying the beautiful scenery.(他们在湖边散步,欣赏美丽的风景。)
★表示“大约,左右”。 用于表示时间、数量、年龄等的大致范围。例如:
I'll be back about five o'clock.(我大约五点钟回来。)
There are about thirty people in the meeting room.(会议室里大约有三十人。)
What/How about...?这是一种常用的表达建议、征求意见或询问情况的结构。例如:How about going for a walk after dinner?(晚饭后去散散步怎么样?)
基础训练:
1.Dad often works for over 12 hours a day. We really ________ his health.
A.sound like B.think of C.worry about D.talk with
2.I believe that happiness ________ love but not money.
A.stands for B.comes from C.takes away D.cares about
3.—May I go to the city library after school?
—OK. But please call me first when you arrive or I will ________ you.
A.be strict with B.be worried about C.be harmful to D.be helpful for
十、would like的用法:
1.基本含义
“would like”的意思是“想要;愿意”,通常用于表达一种比较委婉、礼貌的意愿或请求。
2.用法示例
★后接名词或代词:
I would like a cup of tea.(我想要一杯茶。)这里“a cup of tea”是名词,作为“would like”的宾语。
She would like it very much.(她非常想要它。)这里“it”是代词,同样是“would like”的宾语。
后接动词不定式:
He would like to play basketball with us.(他想要和我们一起打篮球。)这是“would like”后接动词不定式的常见用法,“to play basketball with us”是动词不定式短语作宾语。
They would like to travel around the world.(他们想要周游世界。)
★用于疑问句和否定句中:
Would you like some juice?(你想要一些果汁吗?)这是一般疑问句的形式,将“would”提前到句首。回答时可以用“Yes, I'd like to.”或“No, thanks.”等。
I wouldn't like to go out in such bad weather.(我不想在这么糟糕的天气里出去。)这是否定句形式,在“would”后面加“not”缩写为“wouldn't”。
基础训练:
1.—Would you like a sweet?
—________. We can’t eat snacks in class.
A.OK B.I’d like to C.I wouldn’t D.No, thanks
2.—Would you like to go to the English Corner with me this afternoon?
—_________, but I have to look after my sick sister.
A.I’d love to B.No problem C.No, thanks D.Yes, please
3.Would you like ________ more bread and tea?
A.to B.any C.for D.some
4.—Would you like some coffee?
—________
A.Yes, I do. B.Yes, please. C.Yes, I would. D.No, I would not.
Unit 4 My friends
一、agree的用法:
1.作不及物动词:表示“同意;赞同”,常用于“agree with sb.”结构,意为“同意某人的看法”。
2.作及物动词:
接名词或代词作宾语,表示“同意;接受”。。接动词不定式作宾语,表示“同意做某事”接that从句,表示“同意某观点或事实”。
常见短语. agree with:表示“同意某人的意见或看法”还可表示“(气候、食物等)适合某人”
agree on/upon:表示“就...取得一致意见”agree to:表示“同意(计划、建议、条件等)”。
agree to do sth.:表示“同意做某事” in agreement:表示“意见一致”。
●They agreed on the plan.(他们就计划达成了一致。)
●I agree with you.(我同意你的看法。). She agreed to help me.(她同意帮助我)
1.I play football with my friends on Sundays, but my mother doesn’t agree ________ me.
A.with B.for C.at D.to
2.This morning, Linda agreed ________ to the library with me after school.
A.go B.to go C.going D.went
3.At the meeting, I agreed ________ my cousin ________ his idea.
A.with; with B.to; to C.with; on D.to; with
二、care“关心”的用法:
1.作名词:表示“照顾”、“护理”或“小心”常见搭配:take care of(照顾,照料)、 health care(健康护理)、
child care (儿童护理)等。
2.作动词:表示“关心”、“照顾”或“担忧”常见搭配:care about(关心,关注)、 care for(喜欢,喜爱;照顾)、couldn't care less (毫不在意)、self-care(自我照顾,自我护理)。
3.形容词形式:careful,表示“小心的”、“细心的”常见搭配:be careful(小心)、careful consideration(仔细考虑)。
4.反义词形式:careless,表示“粗心的”、“不小心的”
常见搭配:be careless(粗心)、careless mistake (疏忽的错误)。
1.—What is your neighbour like?
— He loves animals and often ________ the cats.
A.looks up B.takes care C.cares for D.gives away
2.There ________ an educational report tomorrow. We should take it ________.
A.is; careful B.will have; carefully
C.is going to be; serious D.will be; seriously
3.—Why do you recommend Sandy to be a volunteer for the meeting?
—She is ________ to notice small changes around her.
A.too careful B.careful enough C.too careless D.careless enough
4.You can’t be __________ while driving.
A.to careful B.too careless C.too careful D.so carelessly
三、hard的用法:
My friends help me out in hard times. They make me happy. 我的朋友在困难时期帮助我。他们让我开心。
hard是一个多义词,可以用作形容词、副词和名词,具有多种用法和搭配。
1.形容词:●.坚固的、坚硬的:例如,a hard rock(一块硬石头)、hard ice cream(硬冰淇淋)。
●.困难的、难做的:例如,a hard task(一项困难的任务)、hard ecisions(困难的决策)。
●.费力的、艰难的:例如,hard work(艰苦的工作)、hard life(艰难的生活)。
●.冷酷无情的:例如,a hard heart(铁石心肠)、hard of heart(心肠硬)。
2.副词:●.努力地、费劲地:例如,work hard(努力工作)、study hard(认真学习)。
●严重地、猛烈地:例如,hit hard(猛烈撞击)、think hard(认真思考)。
●.仔细地:例如,look hard(仔细看)、listen hard (仔细听)。
hard work:艰苦的工作
hard life:艰难的生活
hard decision:艰难的决定
hard heart: 铁石心肠
hard labor: 强迫苦役
hard of hearing:听力不好
1.—What did you math teacher say?
—She said I was ________.
A.work hard B.work hardly C.hard-working
2.I could _______ understand his words because it’s _______ to follow a quick speaker.
A.hard; hardly B.hard; hard C.hardly; hard D.hardly; hardly
四、make常见的用法及搭配如下:
●.表示“制作、制造”: make a cake:做蛋糕 make a decision:做决定
make a promise:许下承诺
●.表示“使成为、使变为”:make sb/sth +adj.使某人/某物 处于某种状态 make someone happy:使某人快乐
make the bed:整理床铺 make a difference:产生影响
●表示“赚得、获得”: make money:赚钱 make a profit:获利 make progress:取得进步
●表示“安排、准备”: make arrangements:做安排 make preparations:做准备 make a reservation:预订
●与某些名词搭配,构成固定短语:
make a choice:做出选择 make a mistake:犯错误 make a discovery:有所发现
●表示“迫使、使不得不”:make sb do sth 使某人做某事
make someone do something:迫使某人做某事
make it necessary to do something:使做某事成为必要
1.Failing my parents makes me ________ terrible.
A.to feel B.feeling C.feels D.feel
2.Elon Musk’s rocket technology development aims to make space travel more ______ and accessible.
A.possible B.probable C.practical D.available
3.—Do more English exercise, and you will make _______.
—OK, I will. Thanks for your advice.
A.mistakes B.progress C.plans D.suggestions
4.These two skirts are both very pretty. She can’t make a _______.
A.plan B.price C.pair D.choice
五、keep的用法:
1.keep:通常用于表示维持某种状态、持续性的动作或保持某物在一定位置或状态。
例如:Keep the door closed, please.请把门关上。
I try to keep calm in stressful situations.我试着在紧张的情况下保持冷静。
2.keep on:用于表示持续或坚持做某事,强调不间断地进行某个动作。例如:
She kept on talking even when no one was listening.即使没有人在听,她也一直在说。
Despite the setbacks, they kept on working towards their goal.尽管遇到挫折,他们仍然坚持朝着目标努力。
3.短语搭配和例句
keep on doing sth:表示持续进行某个动作。例如:
He kept on working after dark.天黑了他还继续干。
The kids kept on playing even after it started raining.孩子们即使在开始下雨后仍在继续玩耍。
keep on with sth:表示继续进行某个动作。例如:
Let's keep on with our work after an hour's rest. 休息一个小时后,我们继续工作。
1.It’s important to keep ________ in an accident.
A.calm B.angry C.relaxed D.excited
2.To improve his basketball skills, Wang Feng keeps on ________ playing basketball every day.
A.practice B.practices C.practicing D.to practice
3.It’s raining heavily outside, so don’t forget to take an umbrella ________.
A.keeping dry B.will keep dry C.to keep dry D.keeps dry
4.—Can you ________ me your pen? I left mine at home.
—Sure. You can ________ it for 2 days.
A.lend; borrow B.lend; keep C.borrow; borrow D.borrow; keep
六、decide的用法:
1.决定做某事:常用结构为“decide to do sth.”,
例如:“I have decided to go to the party.”(我已决定去参加聚会)。
2.决定某事:常用结构为“decide on/upon sth.”,
例如:“We have decided on a date for the meeting.”(我们已经决定了会议的日期)。
3.对….作出决定:可以接介词against或for,
例如:“They decided against buying a new car.”(他们决定不买一辆新车)或“They decided for the new policy.”(他们决定支持新政策)。
1.He realized his mistake and decided to _________ to his teacher.
A.apologize B.explain C.complain D.report
2.—Do you decide ________ this winter holiday?
—Yes. Hainan will be great.
A.where to go B.when to go C.how to go D.whom to go with
3.—My father and I ________ to go to the West Hill last night.
—Are you sure? It’s too far from here.
A.will decide B.decide C.decided D.decides
4.I have decided ________ one of my old friends in Beijing.
A.visiting B.to visit C.visits D.visit
七、Sudden的用法:
1.all of a sudden意思是“突然地,出乎意料地”,
为副词性短语,相当于suddenly,但是只能用来修饰整个句子,表示这件事发生的迅速、突然且出乎预料,通常放在句首或句尾。例如:突然有人抓住了我的脖子。
All of a sudden someone grabbed me around my neck.
=Someone grabbed me around my neck all of a sudden.
=Suddenly someone grabbed me around my neck.
=Someone grabbed me around my neck suddenly.
修饰动词时,只能用suddenly。例如:
I suddenly realized what I had to do. 我突然明白我该怎么做了。
2..sudden意思是“突然的,意外的;快速的”,是个形容词,通常用来作定语修饰名词,或者作表语。例如:
Don't make any sudden movements。不要做任何突然的动作。(作定语,修饰名词 movements)
His death was very sudden.他的死很突然。(作表语)
3. sudden还可以作名词,意思是“突然发生的事”。例如在上面的“all of a sudden”中sudden就是个名词。又如:He was amazed by the sudden.他被这场突然发生的事故惊呆了。
1.I was surprised that all of them became silent _______.
A.by mistake B.in person C.all of a sudden D.after all
2.________, we should do a survey to find out what they need badly. Then we decide what to buy.
A.In line with B.In a row C.First of all D.All of a sudden
八、“have trouble with sth.”的用法:
1.这个搭配中的“with”后面接的是名词或代词,表示在某具体事物或人上有困难或遇到麻烦。
例如:I'm having trouble with my math homework.(我在做数学作业上遇到了困难。) .
She had trouble with her boss.(她和老板之间有问题。)
在这些句子中,“have trouble with”清晰地表达了主语在特定事物或人上遇到的困难或麻烦。
2.have trouble (in) doing sth.”
这个搭配中的“(in)doing”是动名词形式,表示在做某事的过程中有困难或遇到麻烦。其中的“in”可以省略,但在某些情况下加上“in”会使句子更加正式或清晰。例如:
I have trouble sleeping.(我睡觉有困难。).They had trouble (in) finding the right answer.(他们很难找到正确答案。)
1.—Millie, many old people have trouble ________. How can we help them?
—By coming here often to deal with the problems and raising some money ________ them.
A.to live; for B.living; for C.to live; with D.living; with
2.He is so kind and he always helps the people________.
A.in turn B.in trouble C.in time D.in common
九、write down的用法及解析:
we should write it down in the sand.我们应该 把它写在沙子里。
1.写下;记下:例如,“Write down your starting weight.”(在早晨开始禁食前,记下你的体重)。
2.视为;贬低:例如,“Though several critics have tried to write down the play, it is still very popular.”(尽管有几位批评家竭力贬低这出戏,它仍然很受欢迎)。
例句
3.写下:Write down the qualities you'd like to have. (按优先顺序写下你所希望拥有的品质)。
4.记下:Write down everything you envision.(写下你想到的每一个细节)。
5.视为:Though several critics have tried to write down the play, it is still very popular.(尽管有几位批评家竭力贬低这出戏,它仍然很受欢迎)。
6.贬低:It has had to write down several
other investments.(它也不得不减记其他一些投资项目)。
★接名词:
“write down”可以直接接名词作为宾语,名词 的 位 置 可以灵活变化,既可以放在“write”和“down”之间,也可以放在“down”之后。例如,“write the address down”或“write down the address”都是正确的表达。
★接人称代词:
当宾语为人称代词时,代词必须严格地放在“write”和“down”之间。例如,“write it down”是正确的,而“write down it”则是错误的
1.The new words are important. Please write ___________.
A.down it B.it down
C.them down D.down them
2.— You shouldn’t forget what he says at the meeting.
—I’ll________his words.
A.write down B.cut up
C.fall down D.put up
/
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$$
Unit 3 After-School activities
一、like/love “喜欢”的用法:
like/love doing表示长时间的兴趣爱好,习惯性动作; like/love to do指偶尔或具体的一次性喜好,与将来动作相关。例如:
I like to feed the animals and pick vegetables and fruit.我喜欢喂动物和采摘蔬菜和水果。
I like reading books。我喜欢读书。
基础训练:
1.—Do you like to ________ your bed?
—Yes, I love to ________ chores.
A.do; do B.do; make C.make; do D.make; make
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——你喜欢整理床铺吗?——是的,我喜欢做家务。
考查动词辨析。make one’s bed整理床铺;do chores做家务,都是固定短语,故选C。
二、afraid 的用法及解析:
结构和用法:be afraid to do sth. 和 be afraid of doing sth.都表达了“不敢做某事”的意思,但细微之处有所不同。
be afraid to do sth.更强调内心的恐惧感,即主语对即将执行的动作感到害怕或不安。
比如:“He was afraid to go out alone at night.”(他害怕晚上独自外出。这表明他对于晚上独自外出感到内心的恐惧和不安。)
再如:“He is afraid to touch the snake.”(他不敢碰那条蛇。这说明他内心深处对蛇感到恐惧。)
“be afraid of”表示“害怕……”,其中“of”是介词,后面可以接名词、代词、动名词(动词的 -ing形式)等。
这种结构侧重于描述对某种事物、情况或人的恐惧,强调害怕的对象。
I'm afraid of dogs.(我害怕狗。)
She is afraid of the dark.(她害怕黑。)
They are afraid of making mistakes.(他们害怕犯错误。)
基础训练:
1.My sister is afraid ________ snakes.
A.at B.in C.of D.on
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我妹妹害怕蛇。
考查介词辨析。at在(某方面);in在……里面;of……的;on在……上面。be afraid of是固定短语,表示“害怕……”,因此用of符合语境。故选C。
2.Sally will go to Hangzhou by train because she is afraid ________.
A.to flying B.fly C.of flying D.flying
【答案】C
【解析】句意:萨莉将乘火车去杭州,因为她害怕坐飞机。
考查非谓语动词。“be afraid of”是固定短语,意为“害怕……”,其中“of”是介词,后面接名词、代词或动名词(动词的-ing形式)。故选C。
三、without 的用法:
Without”介词,表示“没有”或“缺乏”某物或某情况时的状态。
● I can't live without water.(没有水我无法生活。)
“without”后面跟的是名词,表示缺少某个物品或条件。
●He couldn't finish the work without helping me.(没有我的帮助,他无法完成工作。)
●They wouldn't have succeeded without trying hard.(没有努力,他们就不会成功。)
这里,“without”后面跟的是动名词(即动词的-ing形式),表示缺少某个动作或行为。
1.He came to school this morning without ________ his bike.
A.ride B.riding C.rides D.rode
【答案】B
【解析】句意:他今天早上来学校时没有骑自行车。
考查非谓语动词。without是介词,后跟动名词作宾语。故选B。
2.—Why can’t you trust me? Not everything you heard is true.
—Maybe not. But _________.
A.out of sight, out of mind B.a good book is a good friend
C.doing is better than saying D.there is no smoke without fire
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——你为什么不能相信我?你听到的并非都是真的。——也许不是。但无风不起浪。
考查谚语。out of sight, out of mind眼不见,心不烦;a good book is a good friend好书如挚友;doing is better than saying做胜于说;there is no smoke without fire无风不起浪。根据“Not everything you heard is true.”及“Maybe not. But...”可知,对你听到的并非都是真的,应回答无风不起浪。故选D。
3.Nobody can live without ________ for a long time.
A.clean water B.dirty water C.rain water D.sea water
【答案】A
【解析】句意:没有人可以长期生活在没有洁净水的情况下。
考查名词短语。clean water清洁水;dirty water污水;rain water雨水;sea water海水。根据“Nobody can live without …for a long time.”及常识可知,人类需要洁净水才能生存。故选A。
四、fill的用法及解析:
1.fill in:意思:通常指在某个空间或框架内填入信息或内容,使其完整。
·填写表格或文件上的空白处,如“Please fill in the form.”(请填写表格。)
替代某人的位置或角色,如“Can you fill in for me while I'm away?”(我不在的时候你能替我一下吗?)
2.fill out:意思:更多指将某个表格、问卷或文件等完全填满,或指某人的身材变得丰满或肌肉发达。
完全填写一份表格或问卷,如“Make sure you fill out the application completely.”(确保你完全填写了申请。)
描述人的体型变化,如“He has really filled out since he started working out.”(他开始锻炼后真的变得强壮了。)
基础训练:
1..Fill in this ________ with your personal information.
A.form B.format C.former D.formation
【答案】A
【解析】句意:用你的个人信息填写这个表格。
考查名词辨析。form表格;format版式;former前者;formation构成。根据“with your personal information”可知是指填写表格,故选A。
3.Would you mind ________ quiet for a moment? I’m trying ________ a form.
A.keeping; filling out B.to keep; to fill out C.keeping; to fill out D.to keep; filling out
【答案】C
【解析】句意:你介意安静一会儿吗?我正在努力填写一张表格。
考查非谓语动词。mind doing sth.“介意做某事”,排除BD;根据“I’m trying...a form”可知是努力填表格,用结构try to do sth.“尽力做某事”。故选C。
4.Jenny, ________ out the form please. You are allowed to join the sports club.
A.fills B.fill C.will fill D.filled
【答案】B
【解析】句意:Jenny,请填写表格。你被允许加入体育俱乐部。
考查祈使句的用法。此处表示请Jenny填写表格,用祈使句,表示请求,动词用原形的fill。故选B。
五、exercise的用法:
1.作名词:★含义:
表示“运动;锻炼”,如跑步、游泳、打球等体育活动,可以是室内或室外的。例如:I do exercise every morning.(我每天早上做运动。)
★也可指“练习”,即为了掌握某种技能或知识而进行的反复实践,如学习语言、乐器等过程中的练习。例如:还能表示“习题;作业”,通常指课堂上布置给学生的练习题目。例如:The teacher gave us some exercises to do after class.(老师给我们留了一些课后作业。)
不可数与可数用法:
★当表示“运动;锻炼”和“练习”的含义时,通常是不可数名词。例如:Regular exercise is good for our healt(经常锻炼对我们的健康有益。)
★当表示“习题;作业”时,是可数名词,可以用复数形式。例如:There are many exercises in this textbook.(这本教科书里有很多习题。)
2.作动词:含义:主要意思是“锻炼;运动”,强调进行体育活动来保持身体健康或改善体质。例如:You should exercise more to keep fit.(你应该多锻炼以保持健康。)
★也有“练习;训练”的意思,常用于学习技能、培养习惯等方面。例如:She exercises her piano skills every day.(她每天练习钢琴技巧。)
★还可以表示“行使(权利、职责等)”,较为正式的用法。例如:He exercises his right to speak at the meeting.(他在会议上行使了发言权。)
及物与不及物用法:
★作为“锻炼;运动”和“练习;训练”的意思时,可以是及物动词,也可以是不及物动词。及物动词用法时,后接宾语,表示锻炼或练习的具体对象。例如:She exercises her dog every day.(她每天遛狗锻炼它。);★不及物动词用法时,不接宾语。例如:My father exercises every morning.(我父亲每天早上锻炼。)
★ 当表示“行使(权利、职责等)”时,为及物动词,必须接宾语。例如:We should exercise our rights.(我们应该行使我们的权利。)
基础训练:
1.The doctor asks him to ________ and ________ to lose weight (体重).
A.eat more; exercise more B.eat less; exercise less C.eat less; exercise more D.eat more; exercise less
【答案】C
【解析】句意:医生让他少吃多运动来减肥。
考查副词比较级。eat more多吃;exercise more多运动;eat less少吃;exercise less少运动。根据“lose weight”可知,要少吃多运动。故选C。
2.Tom never does _______ to keep fit. He always does Maths ________ at home.
A.exercises; exercise B.exercises; exercises C.exercise; exercises D.exercise; exercise
【答案】C
【解析】句意:汤姆从不为了保持健康而做运动。他总是在家里做数学练习。
考查名词用法。exercise表示“运动”时一般认为不可数,表示“习题,练习”为可数名词。根据“keep fit”可知,第一空指做运动,根据“Maths”可知,第二空表示数学题。故选C。
3.To keep fit, you should take more ________, such as doing morning ________ and running.
A.exercise; exercise B.exercises; exercises C.exercise; exercises
【答案】C
【解析】句意:为了保持健康,你应该多做运动,比如做早操和跑步。
考查名词的数。take more exercise多锻炼,多运动,当exercise泛指“锻炼,运动”时,是不可数名词;doing morning exercises做早操,当exercise表示“体操”或“练习题”时,是可数名词。故选C。
4.Dear students, ________ useful exercise is very good for our health. And doing some useful English ________ is very good for our study as well.
A./; exercise B.a; exercises C.some; exercises
【答案】C
【解析】句意:亲爱的同学们,一些有用的锻炼对我们的健康有好处。做一些有用的英语练习也对我们的学习很有好处。
考查名词辨析。a修饰可数名词单数;some修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词。exercise作名词,可数时意为“操,练习”,不可数时意为“锻炼,运动”。根据“is very good for our health”以及“is very good for our study”可推测,对健康有好处的是运动,对学习有好处的是练习;第一空后的“exercise”为不可数名词,应用some修饰;第二空为可数名词复数exercises。故选C。
六、be close to 的用法:
“be close to”表示“接近于;在……附近;与……关系密切”。具体用法:
1.表示空间上的接近:
意为“在……附近”,描述两个物体或地点在空间上的相对位置。
例句:The school is close to my house. (学校离我家很近。)
2.表示时间上的接近:
意为“接近于”,描述某个时间点或事件即将发生。
例句:We are close to finishing the project.(我们即将完成这个项目。)
3.表示关系上的亲密:
意为“与……关系密切”,描述人与人之间的情感联系或友好程度。
例句:She is close to her family.(她和家人关系很亲密。)
基础训练:
1.—Remember ________ the windows when you leave next time.
—But I remember ________ them just now, Mum.
A.closing; to close B.closing; closing C.to close; closing D.to close; to close
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——下次你离开的时候记得要关窗。——但是妈妈,我记得刚刚关了窗户了。
考查非谓语动词。remember to do sth“记得要做某事”;remember doing sth“记得做过某事”。根据第一个空后“… when you leave next time”可知,是提醒别人记得关窗,因此是remember to do sth;根据第二个空所在句子中“just now”可知,说话人记得刚才已经关了窗户了,因此是remember doing sth。故选C。
2.The new flat is ________ than the old one, but it is ________ to my school .
A.small; closer B.big; farther C.smaller; close D.bigger; far
【答案】C
【解析】句意:新公寓比旧公寓小,但它离我的学校很近。
考查形容词比较级与原级。small小的;smaller更小的;close近的;closer更近的;big大的;farther更远的;bigger更大的;far远的。根据“is…than the old one”可知是填形容词比较级,排除A、B两个选项;再根据“but”可知后文语境发生了转折,应该是说“但离学校近”,短语be close to“离……近”。故选C。
七、arrive at和arrive in的区别如下:
★arrive:“到达”。使用时无需指出具体地点,主要表示到达的动作。
arrive at:表示“到达某地”,通常用于较小的地点,如学校、机场、车站等。强调到达的具体地点,使用时需指出到达的具体位置。arrive at school/gym/airport
★arrive in:表示“到达某个区域”,通常用于较大的地点,如国家、城市等。
强调到达的较大范围或区域,使用时需指出到达的广泛地区。
arrive in China/Beijing/Shijiazhuang
基础训练:
1.They arrived ________ a small village ________ a cold morning.
A.in;in B.in;on C.at;on D.at;in
【答案】C
【解析】句意:他们在一个寒冷的早晨到达了一个小村庄。
考查介词用法。对于第一个空,“arrive”是不及物动词,后接地点时需搭配介词“in”或“at”。at后接小地方,in后接大地方。这里“a small village”属于小地方,所以应该用“at”。对于第二个空,这里“a cold morning”,强调具体的一个寒冷的早晨,所以要用“on”。故选C。
2.He arrived ________ Huai’an half an hour ago. So he will arrive ________ home soon.
A.in;at B.in;/ C./; at D.to; in
【答案】B
【解析】句意:他半小时前到达淮安。所以他很快就到家了。
考查介词辨析。arrive in后接大地点,arrive at后接小地点。第一空,Huai’an(淮安)是一个城市名,应该使用“arrive in”。第二空,home是一个副词,表示“家”的地点时,前面不需要加任何介词。因此,第二个空应该填“/”。故选B。
八、as .....as....用法:
“as...as”表示两个事物在程度、数量、质量等方面的相等或相似。
★·肯定句:as +形容词/副词原级+as
My sister is as tall as me.(我妹妹和我一样高。)
He runs as fast as a rabbit.(他跑得和兔子一样快。)
★否定句:not as/so +形容词/副词原级+ as
This film is not as interesting as that one.(这部电影没有那部有趣。)
She doesn't sing as well as her sister.(她唱得没有她姐姐好。)
注意事项
★“as...as”结构中,形容词或副词需要使用原级形式,不能使用比较级或最高级形式。例如,不能说“as taller as”“as the tallest as”。
在使用“as...as”结构时,要注意前后比较的对象应该是同一范畴的事物,否则会导致逻辑错误。例如,不能说“My bag is as heavy as my desk”(我的包和我桌子一样重),因为包和桌子不属于同一类可比较的事物,这里可能想表达的是“My bag is as heavy as yours”(我的包和你的一样重)。
基础训练:
1.Be more careful! A miss is as ________ as a mile.
A.good B.well C.better D.best
【答案】A
【解析】句意:更小心一点!失之毫厘,谬以千里。
考查形容词辨析。good好的;well好地;better更好的;best最好的。观察可知题干使用了as...as结构形式,中间接形容词或副词原级,根据句中的is可知中间接形容词,构成系表结构。故选A。
2.Tara works as ________ as Tina.
A.hard B.harder C.hardest
【答案】A
【解析】句意:塔拉和蒂娜一样努力工作。
考查副词原级的用法。hard努力地,副词原级;harder更努力地,副词比较级;hardest最努力地,副词最高级。as+形容词/副词原级+as“和……一样”,固定搭配,此处应用hard。故选A。
3.The students run to the playground as ________ as they can.
A.quickly B.quick C.loyal D.dangerous
【答案】A
【解析】句意:学生们尽快地朝操场跑去。
考查副词。quickly快速地,副词;quick快速的,形容词;loyal忠诚的,形容词;dangerous危险的,形容词。根据“The students run to the playground as ... as they can.”可知,需填入副词修饰动词run,“as quickly as sb. can”意为 “某人尽可能快地”。故选A。
九、about用法:
about:作介词:表示“关于,对于;涉及”。 用于引出与某人、某事相关的主题或内容,常与疑问词连用,构成特殊疑问句。例如:What is he talking about?(他在说什么?)
She knows a lot about Chinese history.(她对中国历史了解很多。)
★可用于询问或陈述某方面的情况、信息等。
例如:Can you tell me something about the new book?(你能给我讲讲这本新书吗?)
He gave us a report about the market research.(他给我们做了一份关于市场调研的报告。)
★表示“在……周围,在……附近”。 指在某一地点或物体的周边区域,强调位置上的接近。例如:
There are some trees about the house.(房子周围有一些树。)
They walked about the lake, enjoying the beautiful scenery.(他们在湖边散步,欣赏美丽的风景。)
★表示“大约,左右”。 用于表示时间、数量、年龄等的大致范围。例如:
I'll be back about five o'clock.(我大约五点钟回来。)
There are about thirty people in the meeting room.(会议室里大约有三十人。)
What/How about...?这是一种常用的表达建议、征求意见或询问情况的结构。例如:How about going for a walk after dinner?(晚饭后去散散步怎么样?)
基础训练:
1.Dad often works for over 12 hours a day. We really ________ his health.
A.sound like B.think of C.worry about D.talk with
【答案】C
【解析】句意:爸爸经常每天工作超过12个小时。我们真的很担心他的健康。
考查动词短语。sound like听起来像;think of想到;worry about担心;talk with与……交谈。根据“We really ...his health”可知,应是“担心”他的健康,故选C。
2.I believe that happiness ________ love but not money.
A.stands for B.comes from C.takes away D.cares about
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我相信幸福来自于爱,而不是金钱。
考查动词短语辨析。stands for代表;comes from来自于;takes away带走;cares about关心。根据句意,幸福是由爱产生的,而不是金钱,因此“comes from”最符合语境。故选B。
3.—May I go to the city library after school?
—OK. But please call me first when you arrive or I will ________ you.
A.be strict with B.be worried about C.be harmful to D.be helpful for
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——我可以放学后去城市图书馆吗?——可以。但是当你到达时,请你首先打电话给我,否则我会为你担心。
考查形容词短语。be strict with对某人要求严格;be worried about为……担心;be harmful to对……有害;be helpful for对……有帮助。根据“please call me first when you arrive or I will … you”可知,此处应指先打电话,否则会担心。故选B。
十、would like的用法:
1.基本含义
“would like”的意思是“想要;愿意”,通常用于表达一种比较委婉、礼貌的意愿或请求。
2.用法示例
★后接名词或代词:
I would like a cup of tea.(我想要一杯茶。)这里“a cup of tea”是名词,作为“would like”的宾语。
She would like it very much.(她非常想要它。)这里“it”是代词,同样是“would like”的宾语。
后接动词不定式:
He would like to play basketball with us.(他想要和我们一起打篮球。)这是“would like”后接动词不定式的常见用法,“to play basketball with us”是动词不定式短语作宾语。
They would like to travel around the world.(他们想要周游世界。)
★用于疑问句和否定句中:
Would you like some juice?(你想要一些果汁吗?)这是一般疑问句的形式,将“would”提前到句首。回答时可以用“Yes, I'd like to.”或“No, thanks.”等。
I wouldn't like to go out in such bad weather.(我不想在这么糟糕的天气里出去。)这是否定句形式,在“would”后面加“not”缩写为“wouldn't”。
基础训练:
1.—Would you like a sweet?
—________. We can’t eat snacks in class.
A.OK B.I’d like to C.I wouldn’t D.No, thanks
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——你想要一颗糖吗?——不了,谢谢。我们不能在课堂上吃零食。
考查情境交际。OK好的;I’d like to我很愿意;I wouldn’t语法不完整;No, thanks不,谢谢。根据“We can’t eat snacks in class.”可知我们不能在课堂上吃零食,所以此处应是拒绝,故选D。
2.—Would you like to go to the English Corner with me this afternoon?
—_________, but I have to look after my sick sister.
A.I’d love to B.No problem C.No, thanks D.Yes, please
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——今天下午你想和我一起去英语角吗?——我很想去,但我得照顾我生病的妹妹。
考查情景交际。I’d love to我很想去;No problem没问题;No, thanks不,谢谢;Yes, please是的,请。根据语境可知,此处是对别人邀请去英语角的回答;结合空后“but I have to look after my sick sister”可知,虽然想去但不能去,因此用“I’d love to, but…”表示委婉的拒绝。故选A。
3.Would you like ________ more bread and tea?
A.to B.any C.for D.some
【答案】D
【解析】句意:你要再来一些面包和茶吗?
考查不定代词辨析。to介词,到,向;any任何,常用于否定句和疑问句;for介词,为了;some一些,常用于肯定句,但在表示请求、建议或希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中也用some。此句是“Would you like”句型,是委婉地询问对方是否想要更多面包和茶,希望得到肯定回答,所以用some。故选D。
4.—Would you like some coffee?
—________
A.Yes, I do. B.Yes, please. C.Yes, I would. D.No, I would not.
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——你想要一些咖啡吗?——是的,请。
考查情景交际。Yes, I do是的,我……;Yes, please是的,请;Yes, I would是的,我会;No, I would not不,我不会。题干是一个询问对方是否想要喝咖啡的对话,需要回答要还是不要,肯定回答应用Yes, please,否定回答用No, thanks。故选B。
Unit 4 My friends
一、agree的用法:
1.作不及物动词:表示“同意;赞同”,常用于“agree with sb.”结构,意为“同意某人的看法”。
2.作及物动词:
接名词或代词作宾语,表示“同意;接受”。。接动词不定式作宾语,表示“同意做某事”接that从句,表示“同意某观点或事实”。
常见短语. agree with:表示“同意某人的意见或看法”还可表示“(气候、食物等)适合某人”
agree on/upon:表示“就...取得一致意见”agree to:表示“同意(计划、建议、条件等)”。
agree to do sth.:表示“同意做某事” in agreement:表示“意见一致”。
●They agreed on the plan.(他们就计划达成了一致。)
●I agree with you.(我同意你的看法。). She agreed to help me.(她同意帮助我)
1.I play football with my friends on Sundays, but my mother doesn’t agree ________ me.
A.with B.for C.at D.to
【答案】A
【解析】句意:星期天我和朋友们踢足球,但是我妈妈不同意我的意见。
考查介词辨析。with和;for为了;at在;to到。agree with sb.“同意某人的意见”,是固定词组。故选A。
2.This morning, Linda agreed ________ to the library with me after school.
A.go B.to go C.going D.went
【答案】B
【解析】句意:今天早上,琳达同意放学后和我一起去图书馆。
考查非谓语动词。agree to do sth.“同意做某事”,此处动词不定式作宾语,故选B。
3.At the meeting, I agreed ________ my cousin ________ his idea.
A.with; with B.to; to C.with; on D.to; with
【答案】C
【解析】句意:在会议上,我同意我表弟的观点。
考查动词短语。agree with sb. on sth.为固定搭配,表示“在某事上同意某人”。故选C。
二、care“关心”的用法:
1.作名词:表示“照顾”、“护理”或“小心”常见搭配:take care of(照顾,照料)、 health care(健康护理)、
child care (儿童护理)等。
2.作动词:表示“关心”、“照顾”或“担忧”常见搭配:care about(关心,关注)、 care for(喜欢,喜爱;照顾)、couldn't care less (毫不在意)、self-care(自我照顾,自我护理)。
3.形容词形式:careful,表示“小心的”、“细心的”常见搭配:be careful(小心)、careful consideration(仔细考虑)。
4.反义词形式:careless,表示“粗心的”、“不小心的”
常见搭配:be careless(粗心)、careless mistake (疏忽的错误)。
1.—What is your neighbour like?
— He loves animals and often ________ the cats.
A.looks up B.takes care C.cares for D.gives away
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——你的邻居怎么样? ——他喜欢动物且经常照料猫。
考查动词短语辨析。looks up查阅,向上看;takes care当心,保重;cares for照料,喜欢;gives away赠送,泄露。根据“He loves animals”可知他喜欢动物,因此会照料猫。故选C。
2.There ________ an educational report tomorrow. We should take it ________.
A.is; careful B.will have; carefully
C.is going to be; serious D.will be; seriously
【答案】D
【解析】句意:明天有关于教育的报告。我们应该认真对待它。
考查there be结构及副词的用法。careful仔细的;carefully仔细地;serious认真的;seriously认真地。根据“tomorrow”可知,此句是there be结构的将来时形式,且“take sth. seriously”意为“认真对待某事”,副词seriously修饰动词短语take sth.。故选D。
3.—Why do you recommend Sandy to be a volunteer for the meeting?
—She is ________ to notice small changes around her.
A.too careful B.careful enough C.too careless D.careless enough
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——你为什么推荐桑迪成为会议志愿者?——她足够细心,能注意到周围的微小变化。
考查形容词和短语辨析。too careful太仔细;careful enough足够仔细;too careless太粗心;careless enough足够粗心。根据“Why do you recommend Sandy to be a volunteer for the meeting?”可知,应该是她“足够仔细”,能够注意到周围的变化。be+形容词+enough to do sth意为“足够怎么样做某事”。 故选B。
4.You can’t be __________ while driving.
A.to careful B.too careless C.too careful D.so carelessly
【答案】C
【解析】句意:开车时你怎么小心都不为过。
考查形容词辨析。careful小心的;careless不小心的;carelessly粗心大意地。can’t be too ...再……也不为过,结合“while driving”可知再怎么小心也不为过。故选C。
三、hard的用法:
My friends help me out in hard times. They make me happy. 我的朋友在困难时期帮助我。他们让我开心。
hard是一个多义词,可以用作形容词、副词和名词,具有多种用法和搭配。
1.形容词:●.坚固的、坚硬的:例如,a hard rock(一块硬石头)、hard ice cream(硬冰淇淋)。
●.困难的、难做的:例如,a hard task(一项困难的任务)、hard ecisions(困难的决策)。
●.费力的、艰难的:例如,hard work(艰苦的工作)、hard life(艰难的生活)。
●.冷酷无情的:例如,a hard heart(铁石心肠)、hard of heart(心肠硬)。
2.副词:●.努力地、费劲地:例如,work hard(努力工作)、study hard(认真学习)。
●严重地、猛烈地:例如,hit hard(猛烈撞击)、think hard(认真思考)。
●.仔细地:例如,look hard(仔细看)、listen hard (仔细听)。
hard work:艰苦的工作
hard life:艰难的生活
hard decision:艰难的决定
hard heart: 铁石心肠
hard labor: 强迫苦役
hard of hearing:听力不好
1.—What did you math teacher say?
—She said I was ________.
A.work hard B.work hardly C.hard-working
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——你的数学老师说了什么?——她说我是勤奋的。
考查词汇辨析。work hard努力工作/学习;work hardly几乎不工作/学习;hard-working勤奋的。was为be动词,后可跟形容词作表语,只有C项是形容词。故选C。
2.I could _______ understand his words because it’s _______ to follow a quick speaker.
A.hard; hardly B.hard; hard C.hardly; hard D.hardly; hardly
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我几乎听不懂他的话,因为跟上一个语速快的人说话很困难。
考查词义辨析。hardly几乎不;hard困难的。根据“I could ... understand his words”可知,空一处表示几乎不能听懂他的话,用副词hardly,修饰动词;根据“it’s ... to follow a quick speaker.”可知,空二处表示很难跟上一个语速快的人,用形容词hard作表语。故选C。
四、make常见的用法及搭配如下:
●.表示“制作、制造”: make a cake:做蛋糕 make a decision:做决定
make a promise:许下承诺
●.表示“使成为、使变为”:make sb/sth +adj.使某人/某物 处于某种状态 make someone happy:使某人快乐
make the bed:整理床铺 make a difference:产生影响
●表示“赚得、获得”: make money:赚钱 make a profit:获利 make progress:取得进步
●表示“安排、准备”: make arrangements:做安排 make preparations:做准备 make a reservation:预订
●与某些名词搭配,构成固定短语:
make a choice:做出选择 make a mistake:犯错误 make a discovery:有所发现
●表示“迫使、使不得不”:make sb do sth 使某人做某事
make someone do something:迫使某人做某事
make it necessary to do something:使做某事成为必要
1.Failing my parents makes me ________ terrible.
A.to feel B.feeling C.feels D.feel
【答案】D
【解析】句意:让父母失望让我感到很难过。
考查使役动词的用法。to feel感觉,不定式;feeling感觉,动名词;feels感觉,单三;feel感觉,原形。make sb. do sth. 表示“使某人做某事”。故选D。
2.Elon Musk’s rocket technology development aims to make space travel more ______ and accessible.
A.possible B.probable C.practical D.available
【答案】C
【解析】句意:埃隆·马斯克的火箭技术开发旨在使太空旅行更加实用和方便。
考查形容词辨析。possible可能的;probable可能的;practical实用的;available可利用的。根据“make space travel”可知,要使太空旅行更加实用,故选C。
3.—Do more English exercise, and you will make _______.
—OK, I will. Thanks for your advice.
A.mistakes B.progress C.plans D.suggestions
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——多做一些英语练习,你将会取得进步。——好的,我会的。谢谢你的建议。
考查名词辨析。mistakes错误;progress进步;plans计划;suggestions建议。根据“Do more English exercise, and you will make...”及常识可知,多做一些英语练习的话,将会取得进步,故选B。
4.These two skirts are both very pretty. She can’t make a _______.
A.plan B.price C.pair D.choice
【答案】D
【解析】句意:这两条裙子都非常漂亮。她无法做出选择。
考查名词辨析。plan计划;price价格;pair一双;choice选择。根据“These two skirts are both very pretty.”可知,此处表示她觉得两条裙子都漂亮,所以难以做出选择,make a choice“做出选择”。故选D。
五、keep的用法:
1.keep:通常用于表示维持某种状态、持续性的动作或保持某物在一定位置或状态。
例如:Keep the door closed, please.请把门关上。
I try to keep calm in stressful situations.我试着在紧张的情况下保持冷静。
2.keep on:用于表示持续或坚持做某事,强调不间断地进行某个动作。例如:
She kept on talking even when no one was listening.即使没有人在听,她也一直在说。
Despite the setbacks, they kept on working towards their goal.尽管遇到挫折,他们仍然坚持朝着目标努力。
3.短语搭配和例句
keep on doing sth:表示持续进行某个动作。例如:
He kept on working after dark.天黑了他还继续干。
The kids kept on playing even after it started raining.孩子们即使在开始下雨后仍在继续玩耍。
keep on with sth:表示继续进行某个动作。例如:
Let's keep on with our work after an hour's rest. 休息一个小时后,我们继续工作。
1.It’s important to keep ________ in an accident.
A.calm B.angry C.relaxed D.excited
【答案】A
【解析】句意:在事故中保持冷静很重要。
考查形容词辨析。calm镇静的;angry生气的;relaxed轻松的;excited兴奋的。根据“It’s important to keep…in an accident.”的语境及常识并结合选项可知,发生事故时,保持冷静很重要,keep calm“保持冷静”,是固定词组。故选A。
2.To improve his basketball skills, Wang Feng keeps on ________ playing basketball every day.
A.practice B.practices C.practicing D.to practice
【答案】C
【解析】句意:为了提高自己的篮球技术,王峰坚持每天练习打篮球。
考查动词短语。keep on doing“坚持做某事”,是固定搭配,空处应是practicing。故选C。
3.It’s raining heavily outside, so don’t forget to take an umbrella ________.
A.keeping dry B.will keep dry C.to keep dry D.keeps dry
【答案】C
【解析】句意:外面雨下得很大,所以别忘了带把伞保持干燥。
考查非谓语动词。根据“It’s raining heavily outside”可知,带伞的目的是保持干燥,以防淋湿。空处填动词不定式作目的状语,即填to keep dry。故选C。
4.—Can you ________ me your pen? I left mine at home.
—Sure. You can ________ it for 2 days.
A.lend; borrow B.lend; keep C.borrow; borrow D.borrow; keep
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——你可以借给我你的钢笔吗?我的落在家了。——当然。你可以借两天。
考查动词辨析。lend借出,非延续性动词;borrow借入,非延续性动词;keep借,延续性动词,与“for+时间段”连用。根据“Can you ... me your pen?”可知,空一处表示借出,用lend;根据“for 2 days”可知,空二处应用延续性动词keep。故选B。
六、decide的用法:
1.决定做某事:常用结构为“decide to do sth.”,
例如:“I have decided to go to the party.”(我已决定去参加聚会)。
2.决定某事:常用结构为“decide on/upon sth.”,
例如:“We have decided on a date for the meeting.”(我们已经决定了会议的日期)。
3.对….作出决定:可以接介词against或for,
例如:“They decided against buying a new car.”(他们决定不买一辆新车)或“They decided for the new policy.”(他们决定支持新政策)。
1.He realized his mistake and decided to _________ to his teacher.
A.apologize B.explain C.complain D.report
【答案】A
【解析】句意:他意识到自己的错误并决定向老师道歉。
考查动词辨析。apologize道歉;explain解释;complain抱怨;report报告。根据“He realized his mistake”可知,他意识到了自己的错误,故应该是决定向老师道歉,故选A。
2.—Do you decide ________ this winter holiday?
—Yes. Hainan will be great.
A.where to go B.when to go C.how to go D.whom to go with
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——你决定这个寒假去哪里了吗? ——是的。海南会很棒的。
考查特殊疑问词+不定式结构。where to go去哪里;when to go什么时候去;how to go怎么去;whom to go with和谁一起去。根据回答“Hainan will be great.”可知,此处询问去哪里度过假期。故选A。
3.—My father and I ________ to go to the West Hill last night.
—Are you sure? It’s too far from here.
A.will decide B.decide C.decided D.decides
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——我爸爸和我昨晚决定去西山。——你确定吗?离这里太远了。
考查动词时态。根据“last night”可知,时态为一般过去时,应用动词过去式。故选C。
4.I have decided ________ one of my old friends in Beijing.
A.visiting B.to visit C.visits D.visit
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我决定去北京看望我的一位老朋友。
考查非谓语动词。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”,空格处应为动词不定式。故选B。
七、Sudden的用法:
1.all of a sudden意思是“突然地,出乎意料地”,
为副词性短语,相当于suddenly,但是只能用来修饰整个句子,表示这件事发生的迅速、突然且出乎预料,通常放在句首或句尾。例如:突然有人抓住了我的脖子。
All of a sudden someone grabbed me around my neck.
=Someone grabbed me around my neck all of a sudden.
=Suddenly someone grabbed me around my neck.
=Someone grabbed me around my neck suddenly.
修饰动词时,只能用suddenly。例如:
I suddenly realized what I had to do. 我突然明白我该怎么做了。
2..sudden意思是“突然的,意外的;快速的”,是个形容词,通常用来作定语修饰名词,或者作表语。例如:
Don't make any sudden movements。不要做任何突然的动作。(作定语,修饰名词 movements)
His death was very sudden.他的死很突然。(作表语)
3. sudden还可以作名词,意思是“突然发生的事”。例如在上面的“all of a sudden”中sudden就是个名词。又如:He was amazed by the sudden.他被这场突然发生的事故惊呆了。
1.I was surprised that all of them became silent _______.
A.by mistake B.in person C.all of a sudden D.after all
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我很惊讶,他们突然都沉默了。
考查介词短语辨析。by mistake错误地;in person亲自;all of a sudden突然;after all毕竟。根据“I was surprised that all of them became silent”可知,惊讶突然变沉默了,故选C。
2.________, we should do a survey to find out what they need badly. Then we decide what to buy.
A.In line with B.In a row C.First of all D.All of a sudden
【答案】C
【解析】句意:首先,我们应该做一个调查了解他们急需什么。然后我们决定买什么。
考查介词短语和副词短语辨析。In line with符合,与……一致;In a row连续;First of all首先;All of a sudden突然地。根据“Then we decide what to buy.”中的“Then”可知,空处要表达的含义为“首先”。表示在买东西之前先调查需要什么。故选C。
八、“have trouble with sth.”的用法:
1.这个搭配中的“with”后面接的是名词或代词,表示在某具体事物或人上有困难或遇到麻烦。
例如:I'm having trouble with my math homework.(我在做数学作业上遇到了困难。) .
She had trouble with her boss.(她和老板之间有问题。)
在这些句子中,“have trouble with”清晰地表达了主语在特定事物或人上遇到的困难或麻烦。
2.have trouble (in) doing sth.”
这个搭配中的“(in)doing”是动名词形式,表示在做某事的过程中有困难或遇到麻烦。其中的“in”可以省略,但在某些情况下加上“in”会使句子更加正式或清晰。例如:
I have trouble sleeping.(我睡觉有困难。).They had trouble (in) finding the right answer.(他们很难找到正确答案。)
1.—Millie, many old people have trouble ________. How can we help them?
—By coming here often to deal with the problems and raising some money ________ them.
A.to live; for B.living; for C.to live; with D.living; with
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——米莉,很多老人生活有困难。我们怎么帮助他们呢?——经常来这里解决问题,并为他们筹集一些资金。
考查非谓语动词及介词辨析。根据“have trouble”可知,空一处是have trouble (in) doing“做某事有困难”,空处用动名词,排除A、C选项。for为了;with和。根据“raising some money ... them.”可知,空二处是指为他们筹资金,用介词for。故选B。
2.He is so kind and he always helps the people________.
A.in turn B.in trouble C.in time D.in common
【答案】B
【解析】句意:他非常善良,总是帮助那些处于困境中的人。
考查介词短语。in turn轮流;in trouble处于困境中;in time及时;in common共同。根据“He is so kind”可知,此处表示“帮助处于困境中的人”,用in trouble符合语境。故选B。
九、write down的用法及解析:
we should write it down in the sand.我们应该 把它写在沙子里。
1.写下;记下:例如,“Write down your starting weight.”(在早晨开始禁食前,记下你的体重)。
2.视为;贬低:例如,“Though several critics have tried to write down the play, it is still very popular.”(尽管有几位批评家竭力贬低这出戏,它仍然很受欢迎)。
例句
3.写下:Write down the qualities you'd like to have. (按优先顺序写下你所希望拥有的品质)。
4.记下:Write down everything you envision.(写下你想到的每一个细节)。
5.视为:Though several critics have tried to write down the play, it is still very popular.(尽管有几位批评家竭力贬低这出戏,它仍然很受欢迎)。
6.贬低:It has had to write down several
other investments.(它也不得不减记其他一些投资项目)。
★接名词:
“write down”可以直接接名词作为宾语,名词 的 位 置 可以灵活变化,既可以放在“write”和“down”之间,也可以放在“down”之后。例如,“write the address down”或“write down the address”都是正确的表达。
★接人称代词:
当宾语为人称代词时,代词必须严格地放在“write”和“down”之间。例如,“write it down”是正确的,而“write down it”则是错误的
1.The new words are important. Please write ___________.
A.down it B.it down
C.them down D.down them
【答案】C
【解析】句意:这些新的单词是重要的,请把他们写下来。短语write down表示写下,记下,代词作宾语放在中间,这里是复数用them来代替,根据题意,故选C。
2.— You shouldn’t forget what he says at the meeting.
—I’ll________his words.
A.write down B.cut up
C.fall down D.put up
【答案】A
【解析】句意——你不应该忘记他在会上说的话。——我将记下他的话。A写下,记下;B切碎;C倒下;D挂起。故选A。
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