Unit 3 Conservation 美文悦读&同步阅读 -2024-2025学年高中英语阅读选择性必修第一册（北师大版）

Unit 3 Conservation 美文悦读 We all grew up hearing people tell us to "go out and get some fresh air".But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?According to recent studies,the answer is a big YES,if the air quality in your camping area is good. Fresh air cleans our lungs.If the air you're breathing is clean-which it would be if you're away from the smog of cities-then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen.If you exercise out of doors,your body will learn to breathe more deeply,allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles and your brain. Recently,people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing.All across the country,recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery.It turns out that just looking at green,growing things can reduce stress,lower blood pressure,and put people into a better mood.Greenery is good for us.Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.Being in nature refreshes us.It gives us a great feeling of peace. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin,they also give us beneficial Vitamin D.To make sure you get enough Vitamin D-but still protect your skin-put on sunscreen right as you head outside.It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working,and that's plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day's worth of Vitamin D. Notes: ①lung n.肺部 ②smog n.烟雾 -48 Unit 3 Conservation ③oxygen n.氧气 ④muscle n.肌肉 ⑤heal.治愈 ⑥blood pressure 血压 ⑦mood n.心境，情愫 ⑧greenery n.绿色植物 ⑨at a faster rate以较快的速度 ⑩refresh v.更新；使…恢复；消除 Questions: 1.What are the benefits of getting fresh air? 2.What is the connection between the natural world and healing? 3.What do the underlined words "Healing Gardens"in Paragraph 3 mean? 4.Are the sun's rays only harmful to people's body?Why? 5.What is the suitable title of this passage? 同步阅读 一、策略指导 根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义是高考阅读理解题六大出题方向之一， 也是考查考生英语语言能力和文化品格的一种重要方式。词义猜测题可以针对 单词、短语的意思进行命题考查，还可以针对某一句子的准确理解或代词的精确 指代进行设题。除了直接考查单词或短语词义猜测外，在阅读理解文章中，总会 49 高中英语阅读（北师大版选择性必修第一册）》 有一些单词或短语超出了《考试大纲》词汇表的范围，但又没有附加注释，也需 要考生猜测，这也是对词义猜测题的一种间接考查。 词义猜测题考查的范围主要有：生词、短语、熟词生义、句子和代词的指代。 常见的设问形式主要有以下几种： What does the underlined word "..."in paragraph...refer to? What does the underlined phrase "...in paragraph...refer to? What does the underlined word "..."in paragraph...mean? What does the author mean by "...in paragraph...? Which of the following can replace the underlined word "...in paragraph...? 无论是直接的词义猜测题，还是阅读中需要理解不认识的生词，我们都可以 利用构词法、逻辑关系、语法关系、生活常识、文化背景和上下文语境等方法来猜 出单词或短语的意思。预计此题型题量将会继续保持稳定，命题重点仍然是考 查生词/短语的意思、熟词生义或代词的指代含义。 技巧1利用构词法猜词义 常见的构词法主要有三种： 1.合成法 合成法是指两个或多个单词按照一定的组合规律组合在一起，形成一个新 的单词。一般来说，新的合成词的意思就是各个组成词意思的综合。例如： workmate是由work(工作)和mate(伙伴)组合成的新单词，意思是“工友，同 事”。类似这样的单词在平时阅读中经常见到，也比较容易猜测出它们的意思。 【小试牛刀】(1)猜猜看，以下单词是什么意思呢？ ①ill-treat②keyboard③single-handed ④air-conditioned⑤pineapple 【典例】Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside..I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.Without fail one would declare, “ButI'm just not creative.”.. Q:What does the underlined word "downside"in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A.Mistake. B.Drawback. C.Difficulty. D.Burden. 【解析】根据构词法进行猜测，downside由dowm和side组成，字面意思为 50 Unit 3 Conservation “下面的一边”，初步可以猜测出词义为“不足部分”。再根据画线单词后的Iran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.可知，我冒着失 去那些有不同思维方式的学生的风险，说明我的这种教育方法也有不足之处。 故画线词意为“缺点”。故选B。 2.派生法 派生法是英语单词的主要构成法，它通过在基础词根上添加前缀或者后缀 来构造新词。一般来说，前缀改变词义不改变词性：而后缀改变词性不改变词 义。例如：dis-,un-,im-,in-,ir-,non-,mis-等是一些表示否定或者相反意思的前 缀，它们用在单词的前面往往构成原单词的反义词。如：appear-→disappear, possible-→impossible,like→unlike,smoker-→non-smoker等。又如前缀re-表示 “又，再”；co-表示“共同”；mini-或者micro-表示“小的”；over-表示“过于”；super- 表示“超级，极”；tele-表示“远的”等。 【小试牛刀】(2)试试看，下面单词的意思你能猜出来吗？ ①telescope②irregular③re-education④imbalance 3.转化法 把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。例如：Te author emptied all his pockets to find his ticket.其中empty由形容词转化用作动 词，在此表示“掏空”的意思。又如：Widespread protests have placed the President under serious pressure.其中place由名词转化成动词，表示“安置，使…处于某 位置”。 【小试牛刀】(3)以下例句中画线单词是什么意思，你知道吗？ DIf you water plants,you pour water over them in order to help them to grow. 2When fortune smiled on him,he made the most of it. 3She smiled her thanks and arranged the guitar under her arm. 【方法点津】利用构词法猜测词义的特点： (1)根据构词法猜测的词义一般比较接近单词的真实意思，准确率比较高； (2)有些词具有多个词性或词义，添加不同的词缀会产生不同的词性和意 义，需要细加区别。例如：ke可以作介词表示“像”，也可以作动词表示“喜欢”。 当其添加否定前缀un-构成另一个介词unlike,表示“不像”；添加另一个否定前 5 高中英语阅读（北师大版选择性必修第一册） 缀dis-构成动词dislike,表示“不喜欢”。 现在，你是否能猜出往年高考试题中recontextualization这个单词的意思？ (语境重构) 【小试牛刀答案】 (1)①虐待，折磨；②键盘；③独自，单枪匹马地，独立；④装有空调的； ⑤菠萝 (2)①望远镜；②不规则的，无规律的；③再教育；④不平衡，不公平 (3)①给…浇水：②惠及，垂青；③微笑着说 技巧2利用逻辑关系猜词义 语言表达总是按照一定的逻辑关系展开的，根据语言的内在逻辑关系可以 粗略地推断出生词词义或大致义域。对我们猜测词义帮助最大的逻辑关系有并 列、转折和因果等。 1.并列关系 英语中可以使用also,as.,as,similarly,and,or,just as,likewise等词语表 示相同或者相近的意思，这种表示并列的关系中，只要我们认识其中一个单词， 就可以推测出另一个单词的意思。 Mr.Green loves to talk,and his brothers are similarly loquacious. 分析：这个句子里面使用了表示并列关系的单词and,还使用了表示“相似 地”的单词similarly,由此可知，画线单词loquacious表达的意思和“loves to talk” 的意思一样，即“健谈的”。 【小试牛刀】(1)猜一猜以下画线单词的意思。 DMy mother is short and fat.The principal of the school is almost as plump as my mother,and much shorter. 2Children often try to emulate or copy the behavior that they see on television. 【典例】(2017·全国卷Ⅱ).Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.But others do double duty.They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers.Once they arrive,the tables are turned.The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch. —52 Unit 3 Conservation Q:What does the author mean by "the tables are turned"in Paragraph 3? A.The attackers get attacked B.The insects gather under the table. C.The plants get ready to fight back. D.The perfumes attract natural enemies. 【解析】本题考查对文章中某一句话的理解，属于广义的词义猜测题。在这 一句后面，又使用了一句同义并列的句子来对其进行解释，根据后一句话的意思 “正在吃午餐的攻击者变成了午餐”可以知道，画线句子是指形势发生了转变。 故选A。 2.转折关系 in contrast,on the contrary,unlike,however,but,despite,while等词汇常常 会被用来表示前后关系的转折，其前后表示相反的意思。同样，我们也可以根据 其中一个词汇来推知另一个表示相反意思的词汇。 t如：Like poles repel;unlike poles attract.. 分析：这是一个典型的表示对比关系的句子，前后表达了相反的意思，还使 用了反义对比的词汇like和unlike,由此可知，repel和attract的意思相反，repel 在此表示“排斥”。 【小试牛刀】(2)猜一猜以下画线单词的意思。 DAndrew is one of the most supercilious men I know.His brother,in contrast, is quite humble and modest. 2Our maths professor claims that all the problems he gives us are simple ones, but we feel that they are intricate and hard to solve. 3.因果关系 英语中使用because,since,.for,as,so,as a result,thus,therefore等词汇表 达因果关系，因为因与果具有直接联系，所以也可以用来猜测词义。 Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others. 分析：根据原因状语从句的内容（他不征求别人的意见就做出决定）可以推 断出，生词autocratic的意思是“独断专行的”。 53 高中英语阅读（北师大版选择性必修第一册）》 There were so many demonstrators in the Red Square that he had to elbow his way through the crowd. 分析：此句使用了结果状语从句，根据主句的描述“许多示威者”，便可推知 elbow的词义为“用肘挤，用肘推”。 【典例】.There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette,but you'll need a warm,sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it,so it's a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.... Q:What does the underlined phrase "a pipe dream"in Paragraph 3 mean? A.A practical idea. B.A vain hope. C.A brilliant plan. D.A selfish desire. 【解析】本题考查短语a pipe dream的意思。本段讲述了一种好吃的苹果， 它叫作Orleans Reinette,但其种植条件苛刻，所以很难得到。该短语前有明确的 因果连词so连接前后句，根据前面要求的条件可知，后面的a pipe dream表示 “脱离实际的愿望”，与B项“徒劳的希望”意思一致。故选B。 【方法点津】利用逻辑关系猜测词义的特点： (1)并列、转折和因果等逻辑关系都具有推理的必然性，因此使用逻辑关系 推理的词义准确率会比较高； (2)逻辑关系的判断需要平常多关注句式的逻辑关系，培养对逻辑关系词 敏锐的感知能力，快速有效地判断语句和词汇的关系及意义。 【小试牛刀答案】(1)①丰腴的，微胖的；②模仿 (2)①傲慢的，高傲的；②错综复杂的 技巧3利用语法关系猜词义 英语的一些语法结构或者行文技巧也可以帮助我们猜测词义，例如：下定 义、定语从句、同位语、自问自答、举例和标点符号等。 1.下定义 mean,refer to,is,that is,namely等后的内容往往是对前面进行注解性说 明的部分，因此可以帮助猜测词义。 l:Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it 54 Unit 3 Conservation cool very slowly 分析：本句就是一个由s引导的下定义的句子，s后面的内容对前面生词做 了详细注解，故不难猜出anneal是“使（金属）退火”的意思。 2.定语从句 l:Jack is now a florist,who keeps a shop for selling flowers in our district. 分析：非限制性定语从句修饰限定了先行词的内容和范畴，因此根据后面的 从句可猜测出florist的意思为“花商”。 3.同位语 同位语是对其前的内容进行解释说明的，所以，利用同位语猜测词义也是一 个好方法。 l:Semantics,the study of the meaning of words,is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently. 分析：同位语the study of the meaning of words解释了Semantics的意思，因此 可知，semantics的意思是“语义学”。 4.自问自答 What is plagiarism?It is using others ideas and words without clearly mentioning where the information is from. 分析：本句使用了自问自答的方式解释了单词plagiarism的意思，指“不说明 信息的出处就使用他人的观点或话语”，由此可以猜出plagiarism的意思是“剽 窃，抄袭”。 5.举例 The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in the past. 分析：本句使用such as列举了epochal events的一些典型例子，根据例子 (战争和重大科学发现)可以推测出epochal event指的是“重大的事件，有划时代 意义的事件”。 6.标点符号 冒号、破折号和括号等标点符号也可以表示解释，能帮助我们猜测词义。 l:You may borrow from the library any periodicals:News Weekly,Reader's 55 高中英语阅读（北师大版选择性必修第一册）》 Digest,The New Yorkers. 分析：冒号表示解释，根据冒号后面所列举的期刊名可以猜出periodicals的 意思是“期刊”。 此外，periodical是一个由period(名词，时期)转化而来的单词，也可以根据 构词法猜出这个单词的意思。 【典例】(2O17·天津卷).The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the"death valley"of autonomous vehicles:the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future. Q:What does the phrase "death valley"in Paragraph 2 refer to? A.A place where cars often break down. B.A case where passing a law is impossible. C.An area where no driving is permitted. D.A situation where drivers'role is not clear. 【解析】本题考查短语death valley的含义。在这一句话后面使用了冒号，冒 号后的内容对这个短语的意义予以解释：能够拖延无人驾驶未来介于半自动驾 驶和完全无人驾驶汽车之间的灰色区域。故选D。 技巧4利用生活常识和文化背景猜测词义 在阅读有关日常生活或大家比较熟悉的事物的文章时，即使存在一些生词， 我们也可以根据生活经验和常识以及文化背景来猜测单词的意思。 如：The snake slithered through the grass. 分析：蛇是一种爬行动物，根据这个生活常识可以猜出，slither意为“爬行”。 l:Most of the flowers are beginning to wither because of the cold weather. 分析：天气寒冷，大多数花都会调谢，这是生活常识。由此可以猜出wither 的意思是“枯萎，调谢”。 When a doctor performs an operation on a patient,he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious,because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him. 分析：根据常识可知，医生在给患者动手术之前，通常会使用麻醉药来减轻 患者的痛苦。由此可知，anaesthetic的意思应该是“麻醉药，麻醉剂”。 56 Unit 3 Conservation 【典例】.Frequently it happens that a place has two names:One is named by the people and the other by the government.As in many areas,old habits die hard,and the place continues to be called by its unofficial name long after the meaning is lost. Q:What does the underlined phrase "die hard"in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A.Change suddenly. B.Change significantly. C.Disappear mysteriously. D.Disappear very slowly. 【解析】本题考查对短语die hard意思的猜测。根据生活常识可以知道，习 惯很难改变，而且在汉语中，形容某人固执时也会使用“死硬”这一说法。再结 合文章意思可知答案选D。 A (2020·天津卷)Transport has a lot to answer for when it comes to harming the planet.While cars and trains are moving towards greener,electric power,emissions from air travel are expected to increase massively by 2050.If we want big green sky solutions,we need blue sky thinking.Fortunately,there's plenty of that happening right now,particularly the short-haul flights powered by batteries. Harbour Air is the largest seaplane airline in North America,flying 30,000 commercial flights in 40 seaplanes each year.Significantly,all Harbour Air routes last less than 30 minutes,making it perfectly fit for electric engines."As an airline, we're currently in the process of turning all our planes into electric airplanes,"says CEO Greg Mc Dougall.To make this happen,the airline has partnered up with MagniX to create the world's first commercial flight with an electric engine. Making the skies electric isn't just good for the environment,it also makes sound financial sense:a small aircraft uses 400 on conventional fuel for a 100-mile flight, while an electric one costs 8-12 for the same distance,and that's before you factor in the higher maintenance costs of a traditional engine.There's also the added bonus that electric planes are just much more pleasant to fly in.No loud engine noise,no smell of fuel,just environmentally friendly peace and quiet. While there has been real progress in the e-plane industry,the technical challenges that remain are keeping everyone's feet firmly on the ground.A battery, 57高中英语阅读（北师大版选择性必修第一册） Unit 3 Conservation 同步阅读 二、同步训练 A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今塑料回收成本高、效果不 佳的问题，指出制造塑料的公司鼓励人们回收塑料是为了获得更多的销售量，但 是塑料工业已经开始愿意承担更多的社会责任。全世界都在努力减少塑料的使 用，但任何减缓塑料增长的计划都将导致整个行业在未来损失数十亿美元。 1.A细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，从20世纪80年代末开始，塑料 行业花费了数千万美元，通过广告和回收项目鼓励回收，告诉人们塑 料可以回收，但他们自己的内部记录显示，行业管理人员早就知道， 大规模的塑料回收成本高，但效果不佳。由此可知，第一段提到了塑 料回收太贵的问题。故选A。 2.C细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The plastics industry is under fire,but we want to continue to make plastic products,"Thomas,an official from a company making plastics says.If the public think the recycling is working,then they're not going to be so worried about the environment. (一家塑料制造公司的领导Thomas表示：“塑料行业正受到攻击，但 我们希望继续生产塑料产品，如果公众认为回收是有效的，那么他们 就不会那么担心环境了。”)可知，制造塑料的公司鼓励人们回收塑料 是为了获得更多的销售量。故选C。 3.D推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，雪佛龙菲利普斯塑料公司副总 裁Jim Becker说：“人们逐渐怀疑塑料行业在处理塑料和保护环境方 面是否能做得令人满意。但是现在我们已经资助了新技术来改变这 种情况。我们也不想看到环境污染，我们愿意解决这个问题。”从 Becker的话中我们可以了解到塑料工业开始承担更多的社会责任。 故选D。 4.C段落大意题。根据最后一段内容可知，回收的塑料越多，这个行业赚 —84 参考答案 的钱就越少。该行业现在生产了更多不同种类的塑料，分类成本更 高，在很多情况下根本无法回收。全世界都在努力减少塑料的使用， 但任何减缓塑料增长的计划都将导致整个行业在未来损失数十亿美 元。由此可知，最后一段的主要思想是塑料回收使塑料工业陷入困 境。故选C。 B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了南极地区的拉森C冰架崩解 形成了一座巨大的冰山一A68冰山。冰山下面显现的新的海洋生态系统为科 学家提供了研究未知的海洋生物的机会。 l.B细节理解题。由第二段倒数第二句Now scientists say it is a race against time to explore these new ecosystems before they are transformed to the light.可知，科学家着急赶去世界最大的冰山是为了在其受到 光照影响之前研究这座冰山下面的新的海洋生态系统。故选B。 2.C代词指代题。由第三段中的The calving of A68 provides us with a unique opportunity to study marine life...可知，A68冰山的形成为科学 家提供了独一无二的研究海洋生物的机会，所以Professor David Vaughan认为科学家要果断地抓住这次机会，故this one指的是A68 冰山和它下面的生态系统。故选C。 3.D细节理解题。由第二段中的..which is four times bigger than London. 可知A选项错误：由第四段第二句中的Larsen C is a long way south and there''s lots of sea ice in the area..可知拉森C冰架位于南极地区， 故B选项错误；由第一段最后一句中的to reach a newly revealed ecosystem that had been hidden for 120,000 years below the Larsen C ice shelf可知D选项正确。C选项在文中没有提到。故选D。 4.D推理判断题。由最后一段中的..At the current rate,the world's oceans will be,on average,at least 60 cm higher by the end of the century. 测D选项正确。故选D。 -85-