Unit 2 Success 美文悦读&同步阅读 -2024-2025学年高中英语阅读选择性必修第一册（北师大版）

参考答案 Unit 2 Success 同步阅读 二、同步训练 A 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了加拿大女孩Peltier在姑妈的 影响下开始保护水资源的故事。 l.A推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，Peltier在8岁那年，参加了在一 个保护区举行的一个仪式，在那里她看到了一个说水有毒的警告标 志。Peltier在加拿大威克温孔的一个淡水岛上长大，她说她从未经历 过有毒的水。这个标志的记忆一直伴随着她。由此可知，她当时很 吃惊，故选A。 2.C细节理解题。根据第三段中的Two years later,at the age of 10,Peltier fought for water conservation and water rights for everybody.She said she was inspired by her great aunt,Josephine Mandamin(两年后，l0岁的 Peltier为水资源保护和每个人的水权而战。她说，她的灵感来自她伟 大的姑姑Josephine Mandamin)可知答案为C。 3.B推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的Peltier and her friends believe that together they can make a big difference.(Peltier和她的朋友们相信，他 们一起能产生很大的影响。)可推知，他们会保护更多的水资源。故 选B。 4.D )推理判断题。本文讲述了Autumn Peltier成为一位青年环保主义者保 护水资源的过程和所取得的成就。告诉我们成就是不断努力的结 果。故选D。 B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。作者讲述了很多人患有周一综合征，每到周一 就手忙脚乱。文章就如何轻松地开始新的一周提供了一些方法。 l.C词义猜测题。根据第一段中的Over the years,little tweaks to my routine and changes in my ideas have changed things to the point that I 79一 高中英语阅读（北师大版选择性必修第一册）》 am in the“I Love Mondays”camp.（多年以来，我的例行工作几乎没 有任何调整，并且我的想法发生了变化，这些变化使我进入了“我爱 星期一”阵营。)其中的change提示可知答案选C。 2.C细节理解题。根据第三段中的When you have a little extra time in the morning,you can gently settle into the day and keep that weekend feeling of ease as you start your new week.(如果你早晨有多余的时间，你可以 在一天中慢慢安顿下来，并在新的一周开始时保持周末的放松。)并 结合选项可知答案选C 3.D细节理解题。根据第五段中的During your preparation time on Sunday night,think about the week ahead and mark a few things that you want to get done and can reasonably accomplish..（在周日晚上的准备时间中， 请考虑一下未来一周，并标记一些你想要完成并可以合理完成的事 情。)以及最后一句The work is the same either way,but our attitudes are always within our control.(工作都是一样的，但我们的态度始终在 我们的控制范围内。)可知，选D。 4.B标题归纳题。通过第二段第一句Consider Sunday nights your warm-up for Monday.(把周日晚上当成是周一的热身活动。)第三段第一句 One of my favorite parts of the weekend is sleeping in and waking up when I'm ready instead of fighting with the alarm for "Just five more minutes!" (周末我最喜欢的一件事就是睡个懒觉，然后在我准备好了的时候醒 来，而不是和闹钟斗争“再给我五分钟！”)第四段第一句ind a theme for the week.(为本周找一个主题。)和文章大意可知，整篇短文是说 怎样愉快地度过周末后半段和积极投入新一周的工作。故选B。 拓展提升 A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要从火警、消防训练、灭火器和烟雾探 测器的使用等方面介绍了一些防火信息。 l.C细节理解题。根据第一段中的They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler systems,fire alarms and fire extinguishers. —80—Unit2 SuCCeSS 美文悦读 China's space station welcomed Wang Yaping, its first female astronaut, on October 16th, 2021. Since then, the veil of mystery shrouding female astronauts has been increasingly discussed Some are curious about the differences in experiences between male and female astronauts in space. First, the selection criteria for female astronauts in China are the same as those for male astronauts in terms of physical fitness and flight experience. Female astronauts are thought to be better suited to life in space. Physically, they demonstrate better magnesium metabolism than men and have better estrogen levels, making them less likely to suffer from illnesses such as iron poisoning, blood clots and irregular heartbeat. Also, female astronauts are often shorter than men, so it's easier for them to conduct more delicate tasks with greater flexibility. During their time in space, female astronauts needed to deal with menstruation. Many were concerned that zero-gravity might cause retrograde menstruation, when blood reverses flow into the abdomen. In fact, menstruation cycles in space and on Earth are very similar. Experts believe -26- Unit 2 Success female astronauts in space experience their periods normally, but spacewalking during menstruation is discouraged due to the possibility of decompression sickness. In order to provide a cozy living environment to its female guest, China's space station made some advance preparations. In September 2021, the Tianzhou-3 cargo craft was sent to resupply the space station with items such as sanitary pads, cosmetics and skincare products, as well as chocolate, desserts and supplements for female astronauts. Female privacy has also been taken into consideration, with a curtain now installed in the station's orbital module. To better accommodate the female astronauts, the waste collection system has been adjusted for their slighter physique, and spacesuits and gloves have been customized for better flexibility. To date, female astronauts have been rare, as only 11 percent of all astronauts who have been to space have been women. Wang Yaping, the first female astronaut aboard China's space station, stayed for six months with two male colleagues, conducting a series of tasks, including spacewalking Notes: ①shroudingn. 覆盖 ②criterian. 标准,准则 ③intermsof依据,按照;在......方面 ④demonstratev. 证明,验证 magnesium n.钱 metabolismn. 新陈代谢 estrogenn. 雌性激素 ⑧delicateadi. 细微的:棘手的 menstruationn.月经 retrograde adi. 倒退的 retrograde adj. 倒退的 reversev. 逆转;逆向 decompressionn. 解压,降压 ④cargo craft货运飞船舱 take sth.into consideration把......考虑进来 customizev. accommodate v.为......提供住宿 定做 Questions: 1. Why are female astronauts thought to be better suited to life in space? 高中英语阅读(北师大版 选择性必修第一册) 2. Can you make up a title for this passage? 3. During their time in space, what were people concerned about? 4. In order to protect female privacy, what has been done in China's space station? 同步阅读 一、策略指导 细节理解题在高考中占有较大比例,主要考查考生对文章(或某一段落)中 某些特定细节或文章的重要事实的理解能力 【命题趋势】 所谓细节理解题,是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论,题于针对原文具体 叙述本身发问。一般包括直接理解题(在原文中可直接找到答案,常用who what,when,where,why和how等提问)、语意转化题(需要将题目信息与原文相 关信息进行语意上的转换,两者存在表达上的差异,有时需要进行加工或整理后 方能得出结论)、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等 其常见设问方式有: 1. Which of the following is/isn't true? 2. Which of the following is not mentioned? 3. Choose the right order of the events given in the passage. 4. All of the following statements may be true/false except... 5. Which of the following maps/diagrams gives the right position of...? 6. What does the writer pay least attention to? 7. Which of the following is not the result of...? 8. Which of the drawingsbelow gives an idea of what...is like? -28 Unit 2 Success 9. The author mentions all of the following except.. 10. All of the following statements are true except... 【名师点睛】 1.细节理解题解题策略 (1)细心审题,直接根据问题找答案。解答此类题目时,不必通篇细读全 文,可采取代入法,即带着问题在原文中寻找答案,先从问题中找准关键词,然后 进行信息定位,运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找相关信息。 (2)变通理解,间接转述分析选项。根据所找信息,分析选项,对比其中所 用词汇进行变通,避免误选答案。 (3)多方归纳,综合事实定答案。细节理解题有时考查的不是单一的信息。 而是多处信息的整合,这时要有足够的耐心,一定要全面捕捉相关信息,进行综 合分析、归纳,切不可草率地进行选择 2.细节理解题干扰项特点 (1)扩缩范围; (2)张冠李戴; (3)正误并存; (4)无中生有; (5)望文生义; (6)偷换概念; (7)文不对题。 3.命题中主要采用的干扰方法 (1)干扰项被偷换概念。干扰项与原句极为相似,只是略微有些变动。望 文生义是造成错误选择的主要原因 (2)干扰项有正有误。一些干扰项中,某个句子或词语是正确的,其他分句 或词语是错误的或表达不全面,正误并存,命题者借此以假乱真。因此,只要一 个选项局部有误或选项不全面,那么这个选项就是需要排除的干扰项。 (3)干扰项范围发生了变化。有些干扰项是通过改变或去掉限定词语,其 至是通过扩大或缩小范围的方式来误导考生的。 考生在答题时一定要提防上述干扰方法,小心并谨慎对待。 29 高中英语阅读(北师大版 选择性必修第一册) 4.各考点解题策略 (1)对号入座题。做这类题一般采用寻读法,即先读题,然后带着问题快速 阅读短文,找出与问题有关的词语或句子,再对相关部分进行分析对比,找出答 案。弄清细节,准确获取信息,确定最佳答案 (2)是非判断题。此类试题多根据文章的一段或数段提问,考查考生在现 实生活中的阅读技能,即快速、准确寻找所需信息的能力。这种题自因为覆盖面 较广,搜索定位时间较长,因而难度较大,容易给考生带来心理压力。因此考生 遇到此类题型时,首先要调整心理状态,冷静地到文章中去寻找答案。在解题时 可采取以下步骤: ①读懂题于和四个选项的内容,提炼和记忆它们的主要意思 ②带着问题去阅读文章,扫描和搜寻信息点,与题目不相关的句子和语段可 快速略过,相关信息语言区域则要放慢速度,细致地对照原文和选项提供的 信息; ③“对号入座”,找到解题范围后,先排除明显的干扰项,然后“逐个突破” 对余下的选项进行筛选,使选项的范围越来越小,判断的准确率越来越高 (3)语意转换题 ①细节题主要考查考生对某句话或某几句话的理解,若能根据题干内容从 原文中找到相关的句子,然后进行比较和分析,便可确定最佳答案。 ②此类题目一般可以在文章中直接或间接找到答案,但是不会与阅读材料 一模一样,而是用不同的词语或句型去表达相同的思想。例如:原文用双重否定 的句式,选项用肯定的句式;进行同义词替换或句子结构的变换;原文与选项互 换反义词:等等。然而这只是词语和句法上的变化,意思是一致的。同时要注意 常见干扰项的特点,以免落入陷阴 (4)逻辑排序题。逻辑排序题要求考生根据动作发生的先后顺序和句子之 间的逻辑关系,找出事件发生的正确顺序。此种题目要运用首尾定位法,最先判 断找出第一个动作和最后一个动作,迅速缩小选择范围,从而快速选出正确 答案。 (5)数字换算题。此类题一般直接为年代、数字的对应查找,有时也会出现 要求对年代或数字进行计算的考题。对前者,可根据文中信息较快地确定答案: -30- Unit2 Success 对后者,首先要弄清题干是怎么问的,然后根据其内在的逻辑关系对年代和数字 进行分析和计算,得出正确答案。在做此类题时,还要注意弄清单位之间的换算 关系,避免出现计算错误 在细节理解题中,也常常要求考生把某一事件按照发生时间的先后进行排 序。做题时应该严格按照时间先后来排列,通常采用先“首尾”定位,再确定中 间顺序的方法。 A With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation (孤 独), more families are choosing to live together The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law: she lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters. Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol-one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor "We floated the idea to my mum of sharing at a house," says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in:"We spoke more with Nick because I think it's a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law." And what does Nick think?"From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would." It's hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,O00 in 2001to419,000in2013. Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live with their elderly parents: many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is said that about 20% of 25 -34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991. The total number of all multigenerational 高中英语阅读(北师大版 选择性必修第一册) households in Britain is thought to be about 1. 8 million Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted. In India, particularly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husband's family when they get married. 根据短文内容,选出最佳选项。 _ )1. Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol A.Nick. B.Rita. C. Kathryn. D. The daughters. _ )2. What is Nick's attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in-law? C. Tolerant. B. Carefree. A. Positive. D. Unwilling ,_ )3. What is the author's statement about multigenerational family based on? A. Family traditions. B. Financial reports. C. Published statistics. D. Public opinions. 。 )4. What is the text mainly about? A. Lifestyles in different countries. B. Conflicts between generations. C. A housing problem in Britain. D. A rising trend of living in the UK 【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在英国,由于年轻人负担不起离 家的费用,而老年人又面临着孤独的风险,越来越多的家庭选择全家人住在一 起,出现了多世同堂的现象。 1.B 细节理解题。根据第三段but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen. bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor(但Rita 在一楼有自 己的厨房、浴室、卧室和客厅)可知,Rita在布里斯托尔的维多利亚式住 宅中使用一楼。故选B。 2.A 推理判断题。根据第五段Andwhat doesNickthink?“Frommystandpoint. it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would." (Nick是怎么想的?“从我的角度来看,一切都很顺利。我推荐它吗?是 的,我想我会推荐在一起居住的。”)可判断出,Nick对和岳母合住房子的 -32- Unit 2 Success 态度是积极的。故选A。 3.C 细节理解题。根据第六段中的Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325, OO0 in 2001to419,000in2013.(官方报告显示,三代同堂的家庭数量从2001年 的32.5万户增加到2013年的41.9万户。)和第七段中的Itissaidthat about 20% of 25 -34-year-olds live with their parents,compared with 16% in 1991. The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is though tobeabout 1.8million.(据说,25~34岁的年轻人中有20%和父母住在一 起,而1991年这一比例为16%。英国多代同堂的家庭总数约为180万。) 可知,作者关于多世同堂家庭的论述是基于发布的统计数据。故选C。 4.D 主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其根据第一段Withtheyoungunable to affordto leave home and the old at risk of isolation, more families are choosing to live together.(由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用,而老年人又面临着孤独的风 险,越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。)可知,短文主要是关于英国在生活方 式上的一种上升趋势。故选D。 B Last week I did something that scared me. I stood in front of nearly 2Oo financial planners and I talked to them about why financial blogs are a good thing. I'm a confident writer. I've been doing this long enough that I know my strength and my limitations. I'm less confident as a speaker. I don't have time to pause to collect my thoughts. I'm not able to edit. I'm afraid of being trapped in a corner without being able to talk my way out. Basically, I'm scared to speak. It would be easy to simply refuse the chances that come my way. When somebody asks me to speak in front of a group, I could say"no”. When radio and television stations call for an interview, I could say"no". But for the past two years, I've been following my own policy to say "yes" to new chances To say"yes" is to live in fear. My goal is to continually improve myself to become better than I am today. One way to do that is to do the things that scare me, to take them on as challenges, and to learn from them-even if I fail. 高中英语阅读(北师大版 选择性必修第一册) In mid-November, a local station asked me to appear on live television. "I realize it's short notice," the producer wrote, "but we'd love to have you on the show if you're available tonight." I was frightened. I thought about recent taped television interviews that I had hated. I was afraid of what might happen. But I also thought about the things that had gone right. I thought of how my speaking skills had improved over the past year. And then I thought of the book I was reading, a book that I had bought for $1. 29 at the local store. The Magic of Thinking Big was a huge bestseller during the 196Os. Written by Dr. David Schwartz, a professor at Georgia State University, the book contains dozens of practical tips on how to take risks to achieve big goals. Schwartz argues that nobody will believe in you until you believe in yourself. So when the television producer asked if I wanted to appear on his show, I thought big. "Sure,"I said. "I'll do it."I acted confidently,but on the inside I was frightened. What I needed was techniques to build up my confidence and to overcome my fear. 根据短文内容,选出最佳选项 ,_ )1. Why is the author afraid of speaking in public? A. He is aware of his potential B. He has few chances to talk C. He is not able to edit what he says. D. He likes writing better. _ )2. The underlined words"my own policy" in Paragraph 2 probably mean A. self-improving through challenges B. hesitating before chances C. turning down the invitations D. saying yes to fear Unit2 Success )3. The author mentioned the book The Magic of Thinking Big mainly because A. it was inspiring B. it was a bestseller C. its author was famous D. its price was attractive _△ )4. What is the author's purpose to write the passage? A. To analyze his strength and weaknesses. B. To give practical tips on speaking in public. C. To persuade people to follow his example. D. To share his experiences of overcoming fear. 【解析】本文是一篇故事类记叙文。作者讲述了自己决定挑战自我,克服在 公众面前讲话时胆怯的心理。当做出此决定后,他便开始接受一些访谈节目的 激请,其至会接受当天访谈节目的激请 1.C 推理判断题。根据第一段中的I don't have time to pause to collect my thoughts, I'm not able to edit. I'm afraid of being trapped in a corner withou beingabletotalkmywayout.(我没有时间停下来整理我的想法。我不能 编辑。我害怕陷入一种不能表达自已思想的境地。)可知,作者害怕当众 讲话的其中一个原因就是他不能“编辑”他说的话,即选项C。选项A、B、 D都与本句描述不符。故选C。 2.A 词义猜测题。联系后半句tosay“yes”tonewchances(向新的挑战说 “是”),可以猜测myownpolicy意思是“通过挑战自我提升”。故选A。 3.A 细节理解题。根据第五段中的And then I thought of the bookIwas reading ..the book contains dozens of practical tips on how to take risks to achieve big goals. Schwartz argues that nobody will believe in you until you believe in yourself.可知,作者起初害怕电视采访,但后又想到了TheMagicof ThinkingBig这本书以及这本书给予他的敢于冒险实现目标的勇气,最终 他接受了电视采访。由此可知作者提到TheMagicofThinkingBig这本书 主要是因为它是鼓舞人心的。故选A。 4.D 写作意图题。作者告诉我们他是一个自信的作家,但是他害怕在公众面 前讲话。作者试图改变这一现状,敢于向挑战说“是”。在电视台邀请他 35