Unit 1 Ra lationships 美文悦读&同步阅读 -2024-2025学年高中英语阅读选择性必修第一册（北师大版）

参考答案 Unit 1 Ralationships 同步阅读 二、同步训练 A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。很小的时候我们都知道性格外向的好处。谈 到外向,我们能想到它的很多优点。但内向就一定不好吗?本文分析了性格内 向的好处。最后指出,内向和外向都有各自的优点。如果你碰到一个内向的 人,没准最后你们能成为非常好的朋友呢 1. A 细节理解题。第二段一开始就说Whilethinkingof extroverts,we imagine a character who is confident, approachable, cheerful and charming.(当我们想到外向的人的时候,我们就会想象到一个自 信、平易近人、开心和魅力十足的人。)故选A。 2. D 词义猜测题。破折号后面解释了该词的意思。 pseudo-extroverts 即 introvertswho copyextrovert behaviour(模仿外向行为的内向的人). 由此可见pseudo的意思为“假的”。故选D。 3.B 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句的描述可知:根据哲学教授Dr BeritBrogaard所说,极端的独处,如最近的封闭时间,对内向人的影 响不像对外向的人那么大(extremesolitude,suchastimes likethe recent lockdown, does not affect introverts as much as extroverts)。由 此可见,内向的人在一些时间如最近的封闭期间受到的影响较小 故选B。 4.C 段落大意题。本段说:作为一个内向的人的好处不只是在极端条件 下才表现出来。这些人有更多的时间沉思和反思,因而也更能做好 平衡。他们更有可能成为好的倾听者,在说话之前认真思考,这意 参考答案 味着他们可以成为好的朋友。最后,内向的人常常是好的观察者, 因为置身于焦点之外能给你更多时间观察他人的行为。由此可见 本段主要讲作为内向的人的好处。故选C。 B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。作者指出政府最近提议限制18岁以下青少年 玩视频游戏的时间是对社会负责的一项政策。它是我们这个时代所需要的,在 这个时代,所有人都有可能沉迷于屏幕和数字内容。本文对这个政策带来的好 处进行了分析,顺便也提及了政府的另一项政策,即限制学生课外辅导的时间, 尤其是节假日期间。但对于政府的这些政策也有批评的声音。在文章最后,作 者亮明自己的观点:尽管有人不欢迎,但我坚决支持游戏禁令,并希望它能够 坚持下去。 1.A 细节理解题。文章开篇即说最近政府提议限制18岁以下青少年玩视 顾游戏的时间是对社会负责的一项政策。它是我们这个所有人都有 可能对屏幕和数字内容沉迷的时代所需要的。句子allofushavethe potential to over-immerse ourselves in our screens and digital contents 实 际上解释了政府出台该政策的原因。故选A。 2.D 词义猜测题。该句说“很多的 与过度使用我们的数码设备 有关,从眼部的健康、重复性的肌肉拉伤到成瘾,再到精神健康问题 等”。from后面所列举的情况均和疾病有关,可见maladies最接近的 意思是illnesses。故选D。 3.B 推理判断题。该段说不仅仅是游戏正给中国儿童造成额外压力和健 康问题( It's not just gaming that is creating unwanted pressure and health problems among China's children.),中国政府还引入了新的提议,限制 孩子课外教育的时间,尤其是节假日期间,我们都知道这本来是孩子 开心玩要的时间(whenweallknowkidsshouldbehavingfun)。提议 解决了在激烈教育竞争中父母和孩子面临的巨大压力(Thisproposal addresses the huge pressure parents and their children face in “competing”in the educationrat race)。根据以上描述,不难推断出政 府的政策会受到父母和孩子的欢迎。故选B。 高中英语阅读(北师大版 选择性必修第一册) 4.C 观点态度题。作者的态度在文章最后两句体现得尤为明显:Theyare just too good. So, I for one welcome the gaming ban, long may it remain inplace!(它们太好了!因此,尽管别人不欢迎游戏禁令,我个人非常 欢迎。希望它能永远生效!)。由此可见,作者非常支持政府的禁令。 故选C。 拓展提升 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Joy在丈夫去世后曾一度悲伤,后 来在邻居的帮助下加入了社区组织Oddfellows,并参加了由它组织的一系列社交 活动,解决了生活中的诸多难题,从而走出阴影,重新找到生活的乐趣 1.A 词义猜测题。由前句可知,Joy相伴了50年的丈夫去世后,她的信心 受到沉重打击。结交新人并再次融入社会 ,但后面紧接着 说,幸运的是,几家之隔的友好的邻居Janet和MichaelPorter敲响了 她的门,邀请她加入当地一个友谊群体活动。由此可推知画线部分 的意思应该是因害怕而退缩。故选A 2.B 推理判断题。由第二段Joy对自己的描述I've never beenthetype to sit still, so despite the fact I was still grieving for Graham, I knew I had toget outandsocialise again(我从不是那种坐得住的人。因此,尽管我 仍然为失去Graham而悲痛,但我知道我必须得走出去,再次参加社 交活动)可知,她是一个活跃外向的人。故选B 3.C) 细节理解题。由第四段最后一句IsigneduptotheOddfellowsasa result of the wonderful new friends I made there.(我报名参加 Oddfellows是因为我在那儿结交的非常好的新朋友。)可知C项正确。 故选C。 4.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段Joy对自已的描述:失去丈夫后,家里的 事情和经济都只能她一个人决定,她常常在需要做的事上犯难。Joy 又说:我是这样一代人,Graham过去打理这一切,因此有时我要弄明 白要做的恰当的事很难。由这些描述可推知,Joy的丈夫是一个能 干、贴心又靠得住的人。故选D。Unit1 Balationships 美文悦读 How Did a Teacher Gain Respect I went to a small charter school for middle school. Our English literature teacher was brand new to teaching. If I remember correctly, she was only 22, which seemed odd at the time. She always did her best to be so cheerful and make learning fun. But the thing that truly solidified her spot as my favorite teacher was that for every student's birthday she would give you a personalized mini notebook It was just a simple small composition notebook, but she had filled the first couple pages telling me how much she loved having me as a student, how far she knew I would go, and other affirmations. It seems small, but for a 13-year-old boy who had a crappy home life, it made all the difference. It was the junior year of high school, English class. We were discussing a story we had read. One student ( let's call him Carl) made a point. The teacher was dismissive and basically said Carl was wrong. The next day, after we took our seats, the teacher said, "Before we begin, I was thinking about what Carl said yesterday. I was wrong to dismiss it so quickly. Let's take a look at that again." She then went on to repeat Carl's point and initiate a conversation with the entire class. After the conversation, it became apparent that Carl's point was indeed off base, but I was impressed that the teacher publicly owned her mistake and went down the path she should have. When I was in the first grade, my mother gave me one of MANY really awful haircuts. The first day back at school afterward the kids picked on me horribly so much that I ran out and hid. The principal found me and we went back to the 高中英语阅读(北师大版 选择性必修第一册) classroom and he asked me to wait outside for a minute while he talked to the class He then walked me to his office and bought me a Coke The next day-the first thing in the morning-we had an assembly with the entire school and the principal walked up on stage with his head shaved completely bald and talked about bullying and the look. Some twenty years down the road he had retired and I ran into him at the local college. I shook his hand and said, "You probably don't remember me, but..." "Yes, I do,"he interrupted and said my name and the event. The man was and is a hero in my eyes. Notes: ①oddadi.余的,带零头的;奇怪的,反常的;偶尔发生的;少量的 ②solidify one'sspot 巩固某人的地位 ③affirmationn.肯定;维护 ④crappyad)i.无用的;劣质的;糟糕的 dismissiveadj.轻蔑的;蔑视的;不加考虑的 initiatev.开始;发起 pickonsb.选中某人进行惩罚、批评、捉弄等 ⑧assemblyn.议会;集会 bullyingn.欺凌 Questions: 1. What solidified the English literature teacher's spot as the writer's favorite teacher? 2. What impressed the writer in Carl's incident? 3. Why did the writer run out and hide after the haircut given by his mother? 4. What did the principal do the next morning? Unit1 Balationships 5. Did the principal recognize the writer-his student after twenty years? 同步阅读 一、策略指导 词义猜测题旨在考查学生根据上下文推测生词、短语或句意的能力,突出考 查对语境的分析和把握能力。它不仅涉及学生的语言水平,还涉及学生的语言 应用能力和综合素质能力。词义猜测题是阅读测试的常考题目,是对学生综合 阅读能力的考查。 【命题趋势】 词义猜测题要求学生根据阅读材料所提供的信息,结合应有的常识和经验 正确判断生词的含义或熟词在特定语境中表达的具体意思,要求猜测词义的词 一般为实词及其词组。代词指代题也是猜测词义的常考类型。近几年试题增加 了对短句、句意猜测的考查,须在较为复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得 出答案。今后高考中此类试题将会保持平稳趋势,但难度可能会略有增加 【设问形式】 The underlined word"..." in the second ( third .) paragraph refers to (means) By saying that "." in the first ( second ...)paragraph, the author means that In paragraph...,"..."can be replaced by" The meaning of "..." in paragraph...is related to" Which of the following has the closest meaning to...( paragraph...)? The underlined sentence in the...paragraph probably means that 做这种类型的题目,要根据词、词组、句子所在的上下文语境来判断其意义。 熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题目的关键。命题者在出这类题目时惯用常 高中英语阅读(北师大版 选择性必修第一册) 规词义来麻痪考生,因此要特别注意熟词生义,切不可脱离语境主观臆断。 下面结合近几年高考试题,对词义猜测的技巧加以解读 1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测 有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或词组,下面接着出现其定义或 解释,这就是判断该词或词组意义的重要依据。例如; While men often react to stress in the fight-or-flight response, women often have another kind of reaction which could be called "tend and befriend". That is, they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturing their young ("tend") and by looking for social contact and support from others-especially other females ("befriend”). 从后面That is(也就是说)的解释中可以知道“tendandbefriend”的意思为 “照料与结盟”。 【考例】(2020·全国卷I·阅读理解B) One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2,OO0 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including Water for Elephants, The Hangover Part II and Zookeeper have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven't been treated properly. _ )What does the underlined phrase "keeping tabs on" in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Listing completely. B. Directing professionally. C. Promoting successfully. D. Watching carefully. 【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线短语前句Onenonprofitorganization,which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment 中的关键词 monitors(监 测)以及下文Already,a number of films,including Water for Elephants,The Hangover Part II and Zookeeper, have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures actinginthemhaven't beentreatedproperly.(许多电.影,包.括《大象的眼 泪》《宿醉II》和《动物园看守》,引起了动物保护人士的愤怒,他们说影片中的动 物没有得到很好的对待。)可推知,画线部分的意思是“密切关注”。故选D。 Unit1 Balationships 2.根据同位关系进行猜测 阅读中出现的难词有时后面会紧跟一个同位语对前面的词进行解释,这时 可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或句意进行猜测。例如:Theytraveled; long way,at last got to a castle, a large building in old times. 同位语部分 a large building inoldtimes给出了castle的确切词义,即古代的“城堡”。 【考例】(2015·北京·阅读理解D) Some 2, 5OO years ago, Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies, one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses. _ )What does the underlined word "tyrannies" in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. Countries where their people need help B. Powerful states with higher civilization. C.Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom. D. Governments ruled with absolute power. 【解析】根据画线词后面的同位语onevery powerfulman ruling over helpless masses可知,tyrannies是指“拥有绝对统治权的政府”。故选D。 3.根据构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)进行猜测 在英语中,有很多词可以在其前面加前缀或在后面加后缀,从而构成一个 词,乍看起来,这个词可能是新词,但掌握了一定的构词知识,就不难猜出它的 词义。 【考例】(2017·全国新课标II·阅读理解C) Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development _ )What does the underlined word "displaced" in Paragraph 2 mean? A.Tested. B. Separated. C.Forced out. D. Tracked down. 【解析】place作动词时为“放置”的意思,前缀dis一般表示否定,再结合语 境(曾经在黄石地区和美国大陆的大部分地区到处能看到的灰狼逐渐被人类的 发展挤走了。)可知选C。D项trackdown为“追踪到”的意思。 高中英语阅读(北师大版 选择性必修第一册) 4.根据因果关系进行猜测 在一篇阅读文章中,可以根据前后因果关系猜测生词的意思。例如: While clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life, global warming will continue for some decades after CO, emissions(排放) peak. So even if emission were to begin decrease today, we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate 【解析】由画线词后面的So even if emission were to begin decrease today(因此 即使今天排放将开始减少)可推知,前面画线部分的意思应为“排放峰值”。 【考例】(2021·全国卷甲·阅读理解C) And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam(横杆), I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe. man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: "Safe! Safe! Safe!" And that's what mattered-landing tricks,being a good skater. _ )What do the underlined words "Safe! Safe! Safe!" probably y mean? A. Be careful! B. Well done! C.No way! D. Don't wory! 【解析】根据前文Safe meant cool. It meant hello.It meant don't worry about it.可知,safe意味着赞扬“cool”,意味着打招呼“hello”,也意味着安慰“don’t worry about it"。再根据后文And that's what mattered-landing tricks, being a good skater.(那才是真正重要的--掌握了滑板的落地技巧才是一名好的滑板玩 家。)可知,作者掌握了滑板落地技巧,他的朋友大声欢呼,因此可以推断出此处 的safe是“赞扬”的含义。故选B 5.根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测 文章中的代词it,that,he,him或them可以指代上文提到的人或物,其中it 和that还可以指代一件事。有时代词与其指代的对象相隔较远,要认真查找 有时也需要对前面提到的内容进行总结,才能得出代词所指代的事物。例如: I found the pre-holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less- used things, and it worked Unit1 Balationships 在这里,it 指代 to encourage young children to donate less-used things on pre- holidays。 【考例】(2020·全国新高考I卷·阅读理解C) ...A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that.... _ )What does the underlined word "that" in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. Developing a serious mental disease. B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia. C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea. 【解析】画线词所在句是第二段首句,that用来指代上文提到的事情,而第一 段最后一句说Afew years later,still attracted tothe country,he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea(几年后,仍然 被这个国家所吸引,他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于感海消失的文章),由此 可见,that指代写了一篇关于感海消失的文章这件事。故选D 6.根据同义关系进行猜测 当词或短语之间有并列连词and或or时,其连接的两项内容在含义上是接 近的或递进的,由此可推知其大致意思。例如: But holidays are expensive and, for those on low wages or living on benefits they are often unobtainable. 由or前面的onlowwages(靠低工资)可推知后面画线部分的意思大致为 “钱少,靠外来接济(此为福利费)生活”。 【考例】(2015·湖南·阅读理解B) Building owners were faced with a choice: either change the first floors of their buildings into basements, and the second stories into main floors, or hoist the entire buildings to meet the new street level. Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily. But what about large, heavy structures like Tremont Hotel, which was a six-story brick building? 高中英语阅读(北师大版 选择性必修第一册) _ )The underlined word "hoist" in Paragraph 4 means" A. change B. lift C.repair D. decorate 【解析】根据前文 either change the first floors of their buildings into basements. and the second stories into main floors, or hoist the entire buildings to meet the new streetlevel(要么将建筑一层改为地下室,二层改为一层,要么将整个建筑 和新街道的水平面持平)和后文Smallwood-framebuildingscould be liftedfairlyeasily.(小的木质框架建筑很容易就抬高了。)可知,hoist此处为“抬 高;升高”的意思。故选B。 7.根据转折或对比关系进行猜测 根据上、下句的连接词,如but,however,otherwise等就可以看出前后句在意 义上的差别,从而依据某一句的含义来推断另一句的含义。例如 Arriving in 18o5, he wrote a letter complaining that it was a place of "mess and drunkenness". However, it seems as though Byron did manage to pass the time pleasantly enough. 根据前面的complaining及转折词however 可以推断出,mess and drunkenness和pleasantly肯定是近乎相反的意义。所以不难判断出aplaceof "mess and drunkenness"相当于a bad or uncomfortable place 的意思。 【考例】(2021·新高考全国I卷·阅读理解C) When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. _ )What does the underlined word "decimate" mean in the first paragraph? A.Acquire. B.Export. C.Destroy. D. Distribute. 【解析】根据前一句Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resourceswisely.可知,北美的土著人把这些珍贵的自然资源保护得很合理,但紧 接着unfortunately的出现说明移民者做得不好,即移民者破坏了这些自然资源。 故选C。 -8 Unit 1 Balationships 【考例】(2020·高考全国II卷·阅读理解C) The fur trade kept nutria check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 198Os, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy ,_ )What does the underlined word "collapsed" in Paragraph 5 probably y mean? A.Boomed. B. Became mature. C. Remained stable. D. Crashed. 【解析】前句意为“毛皮交易使海狸鼠的数量几十年来处于控制状态”,但转 折词but的出现说明海狸鼠的数量已经失控。由此可推断出制衡数量增长的毛 皮交易市场出问题了。故collapsed的意思应为“跨掉”,和crashed的意思最相 近。故选D。 A As you see, there can be serious risks involved with peer pressure. Unfortunately, most teenagers are not applauded for their logical thought processes. Most feel invulnerable, like "nothing bad can ever happen to me."But you need to assess the risks-well in advance. Consider these questions before you're tempted to follow the crowd: Could this harm me physically? Could this harm someone else? Is this against the law? Could I go to jail? What are the long-term effects of my actions to my health? My education? My family relationships? Now, let's lighten up. You can also use peer pressure to your advantage. Think of it as "competitive" peer pressure. For example, if you're active in sports, your teammates probably pressure you to be the best you can be. If you're on the track team, you pace yourself with the fastest runner, because you know it will make you better. If you're striving for good grades, you compare your scores to those at the top of the list. If you're in the band, and there are musicians better than you, you are pressured into striving to be the best musician you can be. The Choice Is Yours. At some point, every person must stand alone, even when tempted by friends and other peers. You know what is right. You know what is wrong. And only you can decide which path to take. 高中英语阅读(北师大版 选择性必修第一册) Ask almost anyone who has"been there, done that" about peer pressure. Most people have gone with the crowd at some point in their teenage lives, and they've had to live with the consequences. You'll likely hear that bowing to peer pressure wasn't worth it. Now is your chance to believe in yourself and to stand alone at times, if you need to. When faced with group demands, assess the risks ahead of time. If you are uncomfortable doing something, don't be afraid to decline the invitation with a"No thanks.” Learning to stand up for yourself and your beliefs and to look ahead to consequences of your actions are important steps in becoming a responsible adult. 根据短文内容,选出最佳选项。 ,_ )1. What does the underlined word "invulnerable" in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Valuable. B.Safe. C. Comfortable. D. Terrified. ,_ )2. Which of the following doesn't belong to competitive peer pressure? A. You are tempted by friends to drink alcohol. B. You are pressured to be the best in sports. C. You compare your scores to top students' ones. D. You are pressured to struggle to be the best musician. _ )3. When facing peer pressure, the writer favors A. going with the crowd B. living with the consequences C. believing in yourself and making a correct choice D. bowing to it _ )4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. The Effects of Peer Pressure B. Serious Risks of Peer Pressure C. Take Advantage of Peer Pressure D. Assessing the Risks of Peer Pressure 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要是说同龄人压力有好的作用,也有坏的作 10