Unit 8 Green Living 高考链接 -2024-2025学年高中英语阅读必修第三册（北师大版）

高中英语阅读（北师大版必修第三册） 们一共访问了世界上20个地方。)说明他们访问了很多地方的受污染地区，设空 处承上启下，说明在印度洋上发现的大量塑料垃圾促使他们到世界各地去观察 其他受影响地区。故选G。 3.D上文“In the film there are beautiful shots of the seas and marine life.”(影 片中有海洋和海洋生物的美丽镜头o),下文“We see how marine species are being killed by all the plastic we are dumping in the ocean..”(我们看到海洋生物是如何被 倾倒在海洋中的塑料所杀死的。)，可知，前后内容“美好的景色与倒进海里的垃圾” 形成鲜明对比，符合语境，D项中的These指代上文提到的美丽镜头。故选D。 4.B"We see how marine species are being killed by all the plastic we are dumping in the ocean.The message about our use of plastic is painfully obvious. (我们看到海洋生物是如何被倾倒在海洋中的塑料所杀死的。关于我们使用塑 料的信息显而易见。)说明这部电影展现出了大量的垃圾倒进海里的消极的一 面，下文“n the second half,the filmmakers look at what we can do to deal with the problem.”(在第二部分，电影制作人着眼于我们能做些什么来处理这个问题。) 说明这部电影不仅展示了消极的方面，还展示了如何解决问题。B项“但这部电 影不只是呈现了消极的一面”符合语境。故选B。 5.E上文“We make a shocking amount of plastic.Over300 million tons of plastic are produced every year,and at least 8 million of those are dumped into the oceans.The results are disastrous,.but it isn't too late to change.”(我们生产的塑料 数量惊人。每年生产的塑料超过3亿吨，其中至少有800万吨被倾倒进海洋。 结果是灾难性的，但现在改变还为时不晚。)说明我们制造了太多的塑料垃圾，结 果将是灾难性的，但改变为时未晚。由此可推知，在看过这部电影后，我们会意 识到是时候发挥自己的作用了。E项“一旦你看过这部电影，你就会意识到是时 候做我们的工作了”符合语境。故选E。 高考链接 A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了加利福尼亚州树木大面积损 失的严重性，并分析了树木损失的原因。 1.A段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，新的研究发现，加利福尼亚州超 -110- 参考答案 过4.6万平方英里的森林中，直径超过两英尺的树木数量减少了50%。从多雾 的北部海岸到内华达山脉，再到洛杉矶上空的圣盖伯瑞尔，没有一个地区幸免于 难。在塞拉利昂高地，大树的数量下降了55%以上：在南加州的部分地区，下降 了近75%。所有这些说的都是树木的减少，所以A项“The seriousness of big-tree loss in California”(加利福尼亚州树木大面积损失的严重性)符合题意，故选A。 2.D细节理解题。分析题目和选项可知A.森林生态研究；B.禁止伐木； C.限制住房开发，这三个选项都是善意的，但都不会对森林有害，根据第三段 "Many factors contributed to the decline,said Patrick McIntyre,an ecologist who was the lead author of the study.Woodcutters targeted big trees.Housing development pushed into the woods.Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源).”（这项研究的主 要作者、生态学家Patrick Mclntyre说，导致森林面积减少的因素很多。伐木工人 的目标是大树，住房开发也被推到了森林中，对野火的控制使得加利福尼亚的森 林里挤满了与大树竞争资源的小树。)可知，导致森林面积减少的原因有伐木：住 房开发：但对野火的控制是善意的，故选D。 3.C细节理解题。根据最后一段“Since the 1930s,McIntyre said,the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures"(Mclntyre 说，自20世纪30年代以来，导致该州水资源紧张的最大因素是气温升高)可知， 缺水的主要因素是气温上升，C项“气候变暖”与其相吻合，故选C。 4.A标题归纳题。通读文章可知本文主要讲了加利福尼亚州树木大面积 损失的严重性和树木损失的原因，所以A正确：B项“加利福尼亚州即将禁止砍 伐大树？”文中没有提到：C项“为什么大树对加利福尼亚森林很重要？”文中没 有提到；D项“Patrick Melntyre:在加利福尼亚州种植更多大树？”文中没有提到， 故选A。 B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍麻省理工学院开展的研究，力求用发 光植物代替日常用品的功能。用普通蔬菜来发光照亮房间，甚至将树木变成自 供电的街灯。 1.D段落大意题。根据第一段可知，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究 111 高中英语阅读（北师大版必修第三册） 发现，城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所被 室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率会提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是关 于绿色植物的益处。故选D。 2.A细节理解题。根据第二段中“These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water'”可知，庥省理工学院工 程师在植物叶片上放上传感器的作用是检测植物缺水的情况。故选A。 3.C细节理解题。根据最后一段“Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.”可知，发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节 约能源。因此，这种发光的植物在未来可能有助于减少能源消耗。故选C。 4.C标题归纳题。根据最后一段可知，照明约占美国总耗电量的7%。由 于照明通常远离电源，例如从发电厂到偏僻公路上路灯的距离，在传输过程中会 损失大量能源。发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。文章指出 了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物， 文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发 光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。由此可知，C选项“发光的植物 能取代路灯吗？”最适合作为文章标题。故选C。 C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。一项最新研究表明，由于气候变暖，世界上的 海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。这一现象是因为一种叫作浮游植物的微小海洋微生 物因为光线反射的作用，在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。但是浮游植物很 容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响。气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征，并影响浮游 植物的生长。 1.B段落大意题。由第一段可知，据一项新的研究显示，最晚到本世纪末， 全球的海洋因气候变暖而变得更蓝、更绿。结合第二段可知，这种现象的核心是 一种叫作浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，在光线的作用下在海洋表面形成了五颜 六色的图案。海洋的颜色从绿色到蓝色不等，这取决于浮游植物的类型和浓度。 由此可推断出这两段主要叙述了海洋生物是海洋颜色变化的原因。分析选项可 知B符合题意，故选B。 2.A词义猜测题。根据下一句的“Warming changes key characteristics of 112- 参考答案 the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth,since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow,but also nutrients.”可知，气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特 征，并会影响浮游植物的生长。由此可判断，浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势 的影响。sensitive敏感的，故A项正确。 3.D推理判断题。根据第四段“The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer.But in some waters,such as those of the Arctic,a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton,and these areas will turn greener..”可知，Dutkiewicz的模型预测，目前只有少量浮游植物的 蓝色区域可能会变得更蓝。但是在一些水域，比如北极，气候变暖会使浮游植物 的生长条件更加成熟，而这些水域会变得更绿了。由此可推断，浮游植物的生长 条件更加成熟，浮游植物就更多了，这些水域会变得更绿了。分析选项可知，D 项符合题意。 4.C推理判断题。通读文章第一段以及最后一段的内容可知，作者写这篇 文章的主要目的就是解释气候变化对海洋的影响。故选C。 Unit 9 I Learning 同步阅读 二、同步训练 A 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了里士满市宣布Burnems将成为 该市第一位桂冠诗人，一位以诗歌成就著称的诗人。 L.C细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Burnems is responsible for being a poetry advocate by providing access to poetry throughout the city and offering opportunities to use the power of words to heal wounds,open hearts and minds,and bring people closer together..”(Burnems负责成为一名诗歌倡导者，通过在整个城 市提供接触诗歌的途径，并提供机会去使用文字的力量来治愈创伤、打开心灵和 思想，拉近人们之间的距离。)可知，Burnems的主要职责是向人们传播诗歌并让 人们从中受益。故选C。 113-高中英语阅读（北师大版必修第三册） C.It has raised public concern all over the world. D.These are contrasted with dumps of plastic rubbish. E.Once you've seen the film,you'll realize it is time to do our part. F.We live in a world full of plastic,and only a small amount is recycled. G.This causes them to travel around the world to look at other affected areas. 2. 3 4 5. 高考链接 A 【2019年浙江卷】 California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s,according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor () The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests,the new study finds.No area was spared or unaffected,from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles.In the Sierra high country,the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent;in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent. Many factors contributed to the decline,said Patrick McIntyre,an ecologist who was the lead author of the study.Woodcutters targeted big trees.Housing development pushed into the woods.Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources () But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010,McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development. The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest —56— Unit 8 Green Living water shortage.The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed,taking into account such things as rainfall,air temperature,dampness of soil,and the timing of snowmelt(融雪). Since the 1930s,McIntyre said,the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures,which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt,which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season. 根据短文内容，选出最佳选项。 )1.What is the second paragraph mainly about? A.The seriousness of big-tree loss in California. B.The increasing variety of California big trees. C.The distribution of big trees in California forests. D.The influence of farming on big trees in California. )2.Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees? A.Ecological studies of forests. B.Banning woodcutting. C.Limiting housing development. D.Fire control measures. ( )3.What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre? A.Inadequate snowmelt. B.A longer dry season. C.A warmer climate. D.Dampness of the air ()4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.California's Forests:Where Have All the Big Trees Gone? B.Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon? C.Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests? D.Patrick McIntyre:Grow More Big Trees in California? —57 高中英语阅读（北师大版必修第三册） B 【2020年全国I卷】 The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research.Recent studies have found positive effects.A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio,for example,discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another,employees were shown to be 15%more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants. The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further-changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse,even unusual functions.These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater."We're thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,"explained Michael Strano,a professor of chemical engineering at MIT. One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow in experiments using some common vegetables.Strano's team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours.The light,about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by,is just a start.The technology,Strano said,could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps. In the future,the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant's lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off "switch"where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight. Lighting accounts for about 7%of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source（电源)一such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission ()Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy. 58- Unit 8 Green Living 根据短文内容，选出最佳选项。 )1.What is the first paragraph mainly about? A.A new study of different plants. B.A big fall in crime rates. C.Employees from various workplaces. D.Benefits from green plants. )2.What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer? A.To detect plants'lack of water. B.To change compositions of plants. C.To make the life of plants longer. D.To test chemicals in plants. ()3.What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future? A.They will speed up energy production. B.They may transmit electricity to the home. C.They might help reduce energy consumption. D.They could take the place of power plants. ()4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A.Can We Grow More Glowing Plants? B.How Do We Live with Glowing Plants? C.Could Glowing Plants Replace Lamps? D.How Are Glowing Plants Made Pollution-free? C 【2019年北京卷】 By the end of the century,if not sooner,the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate,according to a new study. At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms（海祥微生物) called phytoplankton.Because of the way light reflects off the organisms,these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface.Ocean colour varies from -59- 高中英语阅读（北师大版必修第三册） green to blue,depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton.Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas,while reducing it in other spots,leading to changes in the ocean's appearance. Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface,where they pull carbon dioxide into the ocean while giving off oxygen.When these organisms die,they bury carbon in the deep ocean,an important process that helps to regulate the global climate.But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend.Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth,since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow,but also nutrients. Stephanie Dutkiewicz,a scientist in MITs Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century.In a world that warms up by 3C,it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur.The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer.But in some waters,such as those of the Arctic,a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton,and these areas will turn greener."Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing,"she said,"but also the type of phytoplankton." And why does that matter?Phytoplankton are the base of the food web.If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean,Dutkiewicz said,"it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive."Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain. Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable,but they could mean significant changes. "It'll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change,Dutkiewicz said."But the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet..” 根据短文内容，选出最佳选项。 )1.What are the first two paragraphs mainly about? A.The various patterns at the ocean surface. 60 Unit 8 Green Living B.The cause of the changes in ocean colour. C.The way light reflects off marine organisms. D.The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton. ( )2.What does the underlined word "vulnerable"in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A.Sensitive. B.Beneficial. C.Significant. D.Unnoticeable. )3.What can we learn from the passage? A.Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem. B.Dutkiewicz's model aims to project phytoplankton changes. C.Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate. D.Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener. ()4.What is the main purpose of the passage? A.To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes. B.To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain. C.To explain the effects of climate change on oceans. D.To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton. 经典诵读 Earth Day is an annual environmental event during which people celebrate the earth's natural environment and promote environmentally healthy practices.Many cities around the world hold Earth Day celebrations.They may include continuous living fairs,outstanding speakers,music,dancing,food,and parades,among other things. There is some disagreement as to when,exactly,Earth Day is.Many people celebrate Earth Day on April 22nd.Others celebrate it on the spring equinox )which means that Earth Day falls on different days in the Northern and Southern part.Early Earth Day celebrations were used to highlight growing environmental 61