考题猜想03 完形填空【精选名校试题】-2024-2025学年高一下期中考点大串讲（上海通用）

专题03 完形填空（精选名校试题） 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 上海市格致中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中英语试题 上海市华东师范大学第二附中2023-2024学年高一下期中英语试卷 上海复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题 上海中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题 上海大学附属嘉定高中2023-2024学年高一下学期期中质量监测英语试题 上海市上海交通大学附属中学嘉定分校2023-2024学年高一下学期期中英语试卷 上海市普陀区宜川中学2023-2024学年高一下学期英语期中考试卷 上海市杨浦区2023-2024学年高一下学期4月模拟质量调研英语试题 上海市七宝中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中英语试题 上海市进才中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题 Passage 1 The Schools That Are Bringing Poor Kids... A college degree is, in most cases, the key to more money and a more comfortable standard of living. But that pathway to higher earnings is more 1 to some than others: A lot of leading colleges do not enroll a lot of low-income students, and as a result, they’re not 2 very many students from low-income households into the middle and upper classes. 3 , though strategies for enrolling and preserving low-income students are usually mentioned, they can be tough to 4 at scale. Dozens of top colleges and universities have more students from the top 1 percent of the income scale than the 5 60 percent. And that’s a problem if colleges hope to escape the common 6 that they are little more than a finishing school for the elite (精英). But there are institutions — a lot of them — that have strong track records of 7 the socioeconomic fortunes of students. If higher education is supposed to be the great equalizer (平衡器), these institutions — from community colleges to public regional four-year colleges — are the ones that are doing the most work. Colleges should be 8 recruiting and enrolling low-income students — and that means more than targeting ads to 9 students on social media. It means a commitment to going where they are — areas that a lot of schools do not typically recruit — and publicize the process of going to college. Then they should be supporting students with 10 when the students get to campus — whether it’s writing centers, generous financial aid packages, or simply sympathetic academic advisors who perhaps came from low-income backgrounds themselves. And it is also preparing students for jobs after college and building relationships with businesses that 11 the process of finding post-graduation employment for students, especially for those whose parents don’t have their own professional 12 . Pace ranks first among private colleges in motivating its students from the lowest levels of the income scale and into the middle and upper class. There are a lot of ways in which people of privilege (特权) 13 their college years or having unpaid internships (实习) or having the social capital to get certain jobs. But colleges can fill those 14 , particularly for low-income students, helping students get jobs, or sustaining them with programs that help them land paid internships with top companies. We can provide strong networks through faculty and staff as well to help a new generation, a new, socioeconomically 15 generation, achieve the American dream. 1．A．important B．necessary C．available D．realistic 2．A．evaluating B．urging C．refusing D．promoting 3．A．However B．What’s more C．In contrast D．On the whole 4．A．implement B．replace C．overcome D．track 5．A．minimum B．bottom C．fixed D．estimated 6．A．criticism B．comment C．practice D．goal 7．A．worsening B．claiming C．improving D．denying 8．A．directly B．strictly C．actively D．cautiously 9．A．urban B．native C．suburban D．prospective 10．A．resources B．coaches C．skills D．funds 11．A．push B．ease C．slow D．affect 12．A．trainings B．careers C．standards D．networks 13．A．benefit from B．invest in C．fit into D．advance through 14．A．vacancies B．gaps C．bottoms D．blanks 15．A．competitive B．responsible C．diverse D．dynamic 【答案】 1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．C 9．D 10．A 11．B 12．D 13．A 14．B 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要阐述大学应该为贫困学生实现阶级跨越所能够提供的帮助。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这条通往更高收入的途径对一些人来说比其他人更容易获得。A. important重要的；B. necessary有必要的；C. available可用的，可获得的；D. realistic现实的。根据“A lot of leading colleges do not enroll a lot of low-income students”可知，许多顶尖大学不招收很多低收入学生，所以收入较高家庭的学生比低收入家庭的孩子更容易走大学这条路，也就是这条途径对一些人来说比另一些人更容易获得。故选C。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多顶尖大学没有招收很多低收入学生，因此，他们没有将很多低收入家庭的学生提拔到中上层阶级。A. evaluating评估；B. urging敦促；C. refusing拒绝；D. promoting促进，提升。根据句中的“from low-income households into the middle and upper classes”可知，许多顶尖大学没有招进太多贫困学生，所以没有将太多贫困学生提升到中上层阶级。故选D。 3．考查副词和短语辨析。句意：而且，尽管通常会提到招收和留住低收入学生的策略，但这些策略很难大规模实施。A. However然而；B. What’s more而且；C. In contrast相比之下；D. On the whole总的来说。前文“A lot of leading colleges do not enroll a lot of low-income students, and as a result, they’re not ___2___ very many students from low-income households into the middle and upper classes.”讲述了顶尖大学招收的贫困学生不多，没有帮助太多贫困学生实现阶层提升，这里“though strategies for enrolling and preserving low-income students are usually mentioned, they can be tough to ___4___ at scale”承接上文，继续阐述了太多贫困学生难以获得大学学位提升到中上层阶级的原因——难以大范围实施贫困生助学政策。故选B。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：参考上题。A. implement执行，实施；B. replace代替；C. overcome克服；D. track追踪。根据上文“though strategies for enrolling and preserving low-income students are usually mentioned”以及空后的“at scale”可知，这里指招收和保护低收入学生的政策难以大范围实施。故选A。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：数十所顶尖学院和大学中，收入排名前1%的学生比收入排名后60%的学生多。A. minimum最低的，最小的；B. bottom底部的，最后的；C. fixed固定的；D. estimated估计的。这里和“the top 1 percent of the income scale”对应，指的是底层收入60%的学生。故选B。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果大学希望摆脱公众的批评，即它们只不过是精英的精修学校，那么这就是一个问题。A. criticism批评；B. comment评论；C. practice练习；D. goal目标。根据空后的“that they are little more than a finishing school for the elite (精英)”可知，这里指公众的批评。故选A。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但也有一些大学机构——其中很多——在改善学生的社会经济状况方面有着良好的记录。A. worsening恶化；B. claiming声称；C. improving提高，改善；D. denying否认。But表示转折，上文“the common ___6___ that they are little more than a finishing school for the elite (精英)”提到人们批评大学是精英的精修学校，结合空前“But there are institutions”可知此处与上文构成转折关系，说明有许多大学帮助改善学生的社会经济状况。故选C。 8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：大学应该积极招收低收入学生，这意味着不仅仅是在社交媒体上向潜在学生投放广告。A. directly直接地；B. strictly严厉地；C. actively积极地；D. cautiously好奇地。根据下文“that means more than targeting ads to ___9____ students on social media.”以及“It means a commitment to going where they are — areas that a lot of schools do not typically recruit — and publicize the process of going to college.(这意味着要致力于去他们所在的地方——许多学校通常不招聘的地方——并宣传上大学的过程。)”可知，此处指大学应该积极招收贫困生。故选C。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：参考上题。A. urban城市的；B. native本地的；C. suburban郊区的；D. prospective可能的，潜在的。根据空前“targeting ads”以及句中的“Colleges should be ___8___ recruiting and enrolling low-income students”可知，此处指面向有可能上大学的潜在学生投放广告。故选D。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，当学生到达校园时，他们应该为学生提供资源支持——无论是写作中心、慷慨的助学金，还是可能来自低收入背景的富有同情心的学术顾问。A. resources资源；B. coaches教练；C. skills技巧；D. funds基金。根据破折号后的“whether it’s writing centers, generous financial aid packages, or simply sympathetic academic advisors who perhaps came from low-income backgrounds themselves”可知，写作中心、助学金、学术顾问这些都是学校可以给贫困生提供的资源。故选A。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：让学生为大学毕业后找工作做好准备，并与企业建立关系，还为学生，特别是那些父母没有自己的专业关系网的学生，简化了毕业求职过程。A. push推动；B. ease减轻，使容易些；C. slow减速；D. affect影响。根据空后的“the process of finding post-graduation employment for students”可知，这里表示学校帮助学生为就业做好准备并和企业建立联系，有助于简化学生的求职过程，使就业过程变更容易。故选B。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：参考上题。A. trainings训练；B. careers职业；C. standards标准；D. networks关系网。根据句中的“building relationships with businesses”和下文中的“We can provide strong networks through faculty and staff”可知，这里指专业关系网。故选D。 13．考查动词短语辨析。句意：享有特权的人从大学生活、无薪实习或者有获得某些工作的社会资本中受益的方式有很多。A. benefit from从……受益；B. invest in投资于；C. fit into适合，融入；D. advance through通过……前进。根据空后的“their college years or having unpaid internships(实习) or having the social capital to get certain jobs”可知，有特权的学生可以从大学生活、无薪实习、获得某些工作的社会资本中受益。故选A。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但大学可以填补这些差距，特别是对低收入学生来说，帮助学生找到工作，或者通过帮助他们在顶级公司获得带薪实习的项目来维持他们的生活。A. vacancies(职位的)空缺；B. gaps差距；C. bottoms底部；D. blanks空白处。上文“There are a lot of ways in which people of privilege (特权) ___13___ their college years or having unpaid internships(实习) or having the social capital to get certain jobs.”讲有特权的学生有许多可以受益的方式，结合句中的“helping students get jobs, or sustaining them with programs that help them land paid internships with top companies”可知，学校通过给贫困学生提供帮助，可以填补特权学生和贫困学生之间的差距。故选B。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们也可以通过教职员工提供强大的网络，帮助新一代、新一代社会经济多元化的人实现美国梦。A. competitive竞争的；B. responsible负责的；C. diverse各种的，不同的；D. dynamic动态的。根据上文“But colleges can fill those ___14____, particularly for low-income students, helping students get jobs, or sustaining them with programs that help them land paid internships with top companies.”、空前的“a new, socioeconomically”并结合全文可知，此处指大学应通过多种措施让更多低收入家庭学生能够接受大学教育，从而找到工作，帮助新的、社会经济多元化的年轻一代实现美国梦。故选C。 Passage 2 Dogs Bow to Wolves as Cooperators If you need help herding some sheep or retrieving a stick, you can count on your canine companion, because dogs always seem to be keen on 16 . But only if their partner is a person. When it comes to cooperating with one another, dogs are truly 17 … and instead it’s wolves who’ve mastered the art of teamwork. That’s according to a study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. For thousands of years, humans have been breeding dogs that can do all sorts of neat tricks. And because pups aim to please, we’ve come to think that domestication has somehow 18 dogs’ powers of cooperation. But researchers in Austria have been wondering whether that notion could be barking up the wrong tree. Because left to their own devices, dogs are bigger 19 than wolves. “So wolves live in 20 family packs, they cooperate in raising the young, they also cooperate in hunting and in defending their territory. So they really have a strong 21 on cooperation in many aspects of their lives. 22 , free ranging dogs actually seek food mostly by themselves. It’s only mothers that raise their young. And they do form packs but they tend to be somewhat more 23 , if you want.” That’s Sarah Marshall-Pescini of the Wolf Science Center at the University of Vienna. She and her colleagues decided to test dogs’ and wolves’ 24 powers of cooperation. In the setup, a pair of animals… either two dogs or two wolves… is 25 with a contraption (装置) that will allow the participants to 26 a tray of food… but only if both members of the team simultaneously pull on the two ends of a rope. A dozen wolves and 14 dogs took the challenge. And the results? The wolves ran circles around their doggie descendants. In some 400 attempts, the wolf teams 27 a snack 100 times, which may not sound all that impressive until you compare it with the doggie couples, who, in nearly 500 trials, succeeded only twice. Now, it’s not that dogs are less earnest learners. Or that they turned tail and avoided the apparatus (装置). Marshall-Pescini says the pooches (杂种狗) were 28 about the device. “What seemed to be happening was that they didn’t want to get into conflict with each other. So they wouldn’t both go and try things on it but rather took it 29 . And this really set back their capacity to cooperate.” So rather than step on each other’s toes, the dogs took turns bowing out, giving their teammate a chance at the plate. That show of social grace left the poor pups with their tummies growling. And no 30 to enjoy. 16．A．lending a paw B．grabbing a bite C．making a mess D．taking a stand 17．A．lost B．skilled C．decisive D．confident 18．A．disturbed B．boosted C．preferred D．affected 19．A．remedies B．winners C．companions D．loners 20．A．closely knit B．hard won C．locally sourced D．well regulated 21．A．burden B．basis C．mark D．dependence 22．A．In contrast B．In particular C．In reality D．Strangely yet 23．A．exceptional B．hesitant C．inseparable D．loose 24．A．relevant B．related C．relative D．combined 25．A．equipped B．presented C．crowned D．lined 26．A．serve B．access C．trap D．fetch 27．A．handled B．threw C．spotted D．scored 28．A．bored B．stressful C．curious D．upset 29．A．in turns B．in balance C．at ease D．in order 30．A．treat B．delight C．pleasure D．sight 【答案】 16．A 17．A 18．B 19．D 20．A 21．D 22．A 23．D 24．C 25．B 26．B 27．D 28．C 29．A 30．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了狗和狼在合作能力上的差异。研究发现，尽管狗在与人类合作时表现出色，但当它们与其他狗合作时，其合作能力远不如狼。另一项实验的结果表明，狼的合作成功率远高于狗，因为狗为避免与同伴发生冲突，选择轮流尝试，这阻碍了它们的合作能力。 16．考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果你需要帮忙放羊或捡回一根棍子，你可以指望你的狗狗伴侣，因为狗狗似乎总是热衷于伸出援爪。A. lending a paw伸出援爪；B. grab a bite吃点东西；C. make a mess弄得一团糟；D. take a stand表明立场。根据上文“If you need help herding some sheep or retrieving a stick, you can count on your canine companion”可知，狗狗会帮助人放羊或捡回一根棍子，因此此处指它们热衷于伸出援爪。故选A。 17．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当涉及到彼此合作时，狗狗真的会不知所措……相反，狼掌握了团队合作的艺术。A. lost不知所措的；B. skilled熟练的；C. decisive果断的；D. confident自信的。根据上文“But only if their partner is a person.”可知，此处有转折，表明狗狗的合作对象仅限于人，因此涉及到彼此合作时，它们会不知所措。故选A。 18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为幼犬的目标是取悦，我们开始认为驯化在某种程度上增强了狗的合作能力。A. disturbed扰乱；B. boosted增强；C. preferred偏爱；D. affected影响。根据上文“because pups aim to please”可知，幼犬倾向于取悦于人，我们会认为驯化在某种程度上增强了狗的合作能力。故选B。 19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为如果放任自流，狗比狼更不合群。A. remedies补救措施；B. winners获胜者；C. companions同伴；D. loners不合群的动物。根据上文“and instead it’s wolves who’ve mastered the art of teamwork”可知，狼掌握了团队合作的艺术，因此与狼相比，狗更不合群。故选D。 20．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：所以狼生活在紧密相连的家庭群体中，它们合作抚养幼崽，也合作狩猎和保卫自己的领土。A. closely knit紧密相连的；B. hard won来之不易的；C. locally sourced本地采购的；D. well regulated管理良好的。根据上文“and instead it’s wolves who’ve mastered the art of teamwork”可知，狼掌握了团队合作的艺术，因此它们是生活在紧密相连的家庭群体中。故选A。 21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以它们在生活的很多方面都非常依赖合作。A. burden负担；B. basis基础；C. mark标记；D. dependence依赖。根据上文“they cooperate in raising the young, they also cooperate in hunting and in defending their territory”可知，狼合作抚养幼崽，也合作狩猎和保卫自己的领土，因此非常依赖合作。故选D。 22．考查固定短语辨析。句意：相比之下，自由放养的狗实际上大多是自己寻找食物。A. In contrast相比之下；B. In particular尤其；C. In reality实际上；D. Strangely yet但奇怪的是。根据前两句是介绍狼在很多方面都进行合作，以及下文“free ranging dogs actually seek food mostly by themselves”可知，此处是把狗和狼进行对比，应用In contrast“相比之下”引出对狗在合作方面的描述。故选A。 23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它们确实会成群结队，但如果你愿意的话，它们往往会更松散。A. exceptional卓越的；B. hesitant犹豫的；C. inseparable不可分割的；D. loose松散的。根据上文“And they do form packs but”可知，此处有转折，表示狗虽然会成群结队，但它们往往会更松散。故选D。 24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她和她的同事们决定测试狗和狼的相对合作能力。A. relevant相关的；B. related有关的；C. relative相对的；D. combined结合的。根据上文“test dogs’ and wolves’”可推知，是测试狗和狼的相对合作能力，进行比较。故选C。 25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在实验中，一对动物——要么是两只狗，要么是两只狼——面前摆着一个装置，参与者可以获得一盘食物，但前提是团队的两名成员同时拉动绳子的两端。A. equipped配备；B. presented呈现；C. crowned为……加冕；D. lined沿……形成行/列。根据下文“but only if both members of the team simultaneously pull on the two ends of a rope”可知，团队的两名成员需要同时拉动绳子的两端，由此可知，这个装置是呈现在它们面前。故选B。 26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在实验中，一对动物——要么是两只狗，要么是两只狼——面前摆着一个装置，参与者可以获得一盘食物，但前提是团队的两名成员同时拉动绳子的两端。A. serve为……服务；B. access获取；C. trap设陷阱捕捉；D. fetch取来。根据下文“but only if both members of the team simultaneously pull on the two ends of a rope”可知，这对动物是通过同时拉动绳子的两端来启动该装置，从而获取一盘食物。故选B。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在大约400次尝试中，狼组赢得了100次零食，这听起来可能并不那么令人印象深刻，直到你将它与狗狗组进行比较，狗狗组在近500次尝试中只成功了两次。A. handled处理；B. threw扔；C. spotted发现；D. scored赢得。根据下文“That show of social grace left the poor pups with their tummies growling.”可知，狗狗组因为谦让而没法吃到食物，由此可知，此处指狼组赢得了100次零食。故选D。 28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Marshall-Pescini说，狗狗们对这个装置很好奇。A. bored无聊的；B. stressful有压力的；C. curious好奇的；D. upset心烦意乱的。根据下文“So they wouldn’t both go and try things on it”可知，狗狗们对这个装置很好奇。故选C。 29．考查介词短语辨析。句意：所以它们不会都去尝试，而是轮流做。A. in turns轮流；B. in balance平衡；C. at ease自在；D. in order有序地。根据下文“So rather than step on each other’s toes, the dogs took turns bowing out”可知，它们是轮流去尝试。故选A。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：也没有什么美味好享受的。A. treat美味佳肴；B. delight高兴；C. pleasure快乐；D. sight视力。根据上文“That show of social grace left the poor pups with their tummies growling.”可知，狗狗组因为谦让而饥肠辘辘，因此是没享受到美味。故选A。 Passage 3 In recent years breakfast cereals (谷物) seem to have lost their appeal. Many contain things that 31 consumers avoid, from carbohydrates and gluten to artificial flavours and genetically modified (GM) grain. Add to this a rising 32 for big brands and adoration of small, “authentic” ones, and large cereal-makers have been suffering declining sales. The market for “ready-to-eat” cereals shrank by 9% in America between 2012 and 2015, according to Euromonitor, a data firm. In Britain, the second-biggest cereal market, sales fell by 6%. Now, the manufacturers are boasting a(n) 33 . On February 16th General Mills told investors that its American cereal sales were stabilising. Kellogg follows, reporting on February 17th that it expects its American cereal sales to grow this year. But it will take hard work to make breakfast’s business 34 again. Cereal firms have tried many ways to cope with customer’s 35 appetites. They have 36 . Post Holdings, which sells Honey Bunches of Oats and Grape-Nuts, now also sells eggs and protein shakes. Some firms have 37 trendier brands, with mixed results. After Kellogg bought Kashi in 2000, many of its loyal customers 38 . Kellogg is now trying to win them back, returning Kashi’s headquarters to California. A new Kashi cereal features popped sorghum （高粱）, crispy yellow peas and smashed red beans. Makers are also spending to help their main brands. Kellogg has put more fruit in its Special K Red Berries cereal. General Mills plans to 39 all artificial flavours and colours from its cereals by 2023. Retailers do not want cereal to enter terminal decline — it is too 40 for them. Jim Holbrook, who led Post’s cereal business and is now boss of Daymon Worldwide, a retail consultant, says grocers might 41 sales by placing milk or bananas alongside cereal. For now, cereal-makers can take 42 that at least some brands are still popular. Sales of Kellogg’s Froot Loops and General Mills’ Cinnamon Toast Crunch have 43 in recent years, points out Alexia Howard of Sanford C． Bernstein, a research firm, even as more virtuous brands such as Fiber One, All-Bran and (until recently) Special K were failing. 44 shoppers may or may not come back to their cereal habit just due to smashed red beans. But cereal’s most 45 customers are those who don’t mind heaps of sugar, or “red #40” food colouring, in their breakfast bowls. 31．A．anxious B．regular C．satisfied D．potential 32．A．demand B．standard C．reputation D．disrespect 33．A．continuity B．distinction C．turnaround D．equivalent 34．A．compete B．succeed C．protest D．refuse 35．A．shrinking B．promoted C．inexhaustible D．intellectual 36．A．declined B．regretted C．diversified D．patented 37．A．changed B．embarrassed C．acquired D．replaced 38．A．doubted B．fled C．ignored D．wandered 39．A．conceal B．receive C．remove D．expect 40．A．distant B．traditional C．mysterious D．profitable 41．A．boost B．review C．reject D．describe 42．A．responsibility B．comfort C．charge D．action 43．A．failed B．risen C．paused D．mattered 44．A．Warm-hearted B．Fun-loving C．Would-be D．Health-conscious 45．A．reliable B．wealthy C．famous D．intelligent 【答案】 31．A 32．D 33．C 34．B 35．A 36．C 37．C 38．B 39．C 40．D 41．A 42．B 43．B 44．D 45．A 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了早餐谷物市场的现状和挑战，以及各大谷物制造商为应对销售下滑所采取的措施。 31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从碳水化合物和麸质到人工香料和转基因谷物，许多食品都含有担忧的消费者不愿食用的东西。A. anxious 担忧的；B. regular 定期的；C. satisfied 满意的；D. potential 潜在的。根据本句中的“consumers avoid, from carbohydrates and gluten to artificial flavours and genetically modified (GM) grain”可知，消费者避免碳水化合物、麸质、人工香料和转基因粮食等说明他们对这些东西感到担忧。故选A项。 32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：再加上对大品牌的不尊重和对“正宗”小品牌的崇拜，大型谷物制造商的销售额一直在下降。A. demand 需求；B. standard 标准；C. reputation 声誉；D. disrespect 不尊重，轻蔑。根据本句中的“...adoration of small, “authentic” ones, and large cereal-makers have been suffering declining sales”可知，对“正宗”小品牌的崇拜导致了大型谷物制造商的销售额一直在下降，说明了消费者对大品牌表示出了轻蔑。故选D项。 33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，制造商们正在吹嘘自己的业绩出现了好转。A. continuity 连续性；B. distinction 区别；C. turnaround 好转；D. equivalent 相等物。根据下文的“On February 16th General Mills told investors that its American cereal sales were stabilising. Kellogg follows, reporting on February 17th that it expects its American cereal sales to grow this year. ”可知，General Mills和Kellogg的业绩在逐渐变好。故选C项。 34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但要让早餐的生意再次成功，还需要付出艰苦的努力。A. compete 竞争；B. succeed 成功；C. protest 抗议；D. refuse 拒绝。根据上文的“On February 16th General Mills told investors that its American cereal sales were stabilising. Kellogg follows, reporting on February 17th that it expects its American cereal sales to grow this year. ”可知，General Mills和Kellogg的业绩在逐渐变好，再由but表示转折可知，早餐的生意想要再次获得成功，还需要付出艰苦的努力。故选B项。 35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：谷物公司已经尝试了许多方法来应对消费者不断萎缩的胃口。A. shrinking 萎缩的；B. promoted 提升的；C. inexhaustible 用之不竭的；D. intellectual 智力的。根据下文的“Post Holdings, which sells Honey Bunches of Oats and Grape-Nuts, now also sells eggs and protein shakes.”可知，谷物制造商们不仅仅专注于谷物产品，还扩展到其他领域，比如卖鸡蛋和蛋白质奶昔，说明了谷物市场的现状：市场需求在减少，人们的胃口在萎缩。故选A项。 36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们已经采取多样化的措施了。A. declined 下降；B. regretted 后悔；C. diversified 变得多样化；D. patented 获得专利。根据下文的“Post Holdings, which sells Honey Bunches of Oats and Grape-Nuts, now also sells eggs and protein shakes.”可知，谷物制造商们不仅仅专注于谷物产品，还扩展到其他领域，比如卖鸡蛋和蛋白质奶昔，这是市场需求的减少促使谷物制造商采用了多样化的策略以应对挑战。故选C项。 37．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些公司收购了更时尚的品牌，结果喜忧参半。A. changed 改变；B. embarrassed 使尴尬；C. acquired 获得，收购；D. replaced 替代。根据下文的“After Kellogg bought Kashi in 2000”可知，有的谷物公司采取了一种应对策略：通过收购其他公司来扩大业务范围和产品线。故选C项。 38．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2000年Kellogg收购Kashi之后，许多忠实的顾客都逃走了。A. doubted 怀疑；B. fled 逃避，离开；C. ignored 忽视；D. wandered 漫步。根据下文的“Kellogg is now trying to win them back”可知，Kellogg现在正试图把他们赢回来，这说明很多顾客离开了Kellogg。故选B项。 39．考查动词词义辨析。句意：General Mills计划在2023年之前从其谷物中去除所有人工香料和色素。A. conceal 隐藏；B. receive 收到；C. remove 移除；D. expect 期待。根据上文的“Makers are also spending to help their main brands. Kellogg has put more fruit in its Special K Red Berries cereal.”可知，Kellogg在其Special K Red Berries谷物中添加更多水果是为了满足消费者对更健康食品的需求，因此像Kellogg一样，General Mills计划通过去除人工香料和色素来增强其产品的吸引力和健康形象，以帮助维持主要品牌的竞争力。故选C项。 40．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：零售商不希望谷类食品进入衰退期——这对他们来说太有利可图了。A. distant 遥远的；B. traditional 传统的；C. mysterious 神秘的；D. profitable 有利可图的。根据上文的“Kellogg has put more fruit in its Special K Red Berries cereal. General Mills plans to...all artificial flavours and colours from its cereals by 2023.”可知，Kellogg和 GeneralMills通过增加产品的水果含量和移除人工色素和香料来改善他们的产品，这些措施都是为了吸引消费者并维持或增加销售量，因为这些产品对他们而言非常有利可图。故选D项。 41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Jim Holbrook曾领导邮报的谷物业务，现在是零售咨询公司Daymon Worldwide的老板。他说，杂货店可能会通过在谷物旁边放牛奶或香蕉来促进销售。A. boost 提高；B. review 回顾；C. reject 拒绝；D. describe 描述。根据上文的“Retailers do not want cereal to enter terminal decline —it is too...for them.”可知，零售商不希望谷类食品进入衰退期，这对他们来说太有利可图了，因此Jim Holbrook建议零售商采取措施来促进谷物的销售，从而增加利润。故选A项。 42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：目前，谷物制造商可以感到宽慰的是，至少有一些品牌仍然很受欢迎。A. responsibility 责任；B. comfort 宽慰；C. charge 负责；D. action 行动。根据本句中的“at least some brands are still popular”可知，谷物制造商应该为有一些品牌仍然很受欢迎而感到宽慰。故选B项。 43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：近年来，Kellogg的果脆圈和通用磨坊的肉桂脆面包的销量有所上升，而纤维一号、全麸和Special K等更有价值的品牌却在走下坡路。A. failed 失败；B. risen 上升；C. paused 暂停；D. mattered 重要。根据上文的“For now, cereal-makers can take...that at least some brands are still popular.”和由本句中的“even as more virtuous brands such as Fiber One, All-Bran and (until recently) Special K were failing”可知，目前，有一些品牌仍然很受欢迎，举例子说明Kellogg的果脆圈和General Mills的肉桂脆面包的销量有所上升。故选B项。 44．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：注重健康的消费者可能会、也可能不会因为含有打碎的红豆而恢复吃麦片的习惯。A. Warm-hearted 热心的；B. Fun-loving 爱好乐趣的；C. Would-be 未来的，潜在的；D. Health-conscious 注重健康的。根据第一段的“Many contain things that...consumers avoid, from carbohydrates and gluten to artificial flavours and genetically modified (GM) grain.”可知，消费者越来越重视健康，因此注重健康的消费者可能会、也可能不会因为谷物中加入了某些健康成分就重新购买谷物食品。故选D项。 45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但谷物最可靠的顾客是那些不介意在早餐碗里放一堆糖或“红#40”食用色素的人。A. reliable 可靠的；B. wealthy 富有的；C. famous 著名的；D. intelligent 聪明的。根据上文的“...shoppers may or may not come back to their cereal habit just due to smashed red beans ”可知，注重健康的消费者可能会也可能不会因为含有打碎的红豆而恢复吃麦片的习惯，由此可推知，谷物最可靠的顾客是那些不介意在早餐碗里放一堆糖或“红#40”食用色素的人。故选A项。 Passage 4 It’s safe to say Jeremy Scott is having a lucky year. In March while working as a chauffeur, he told his boss about his plans to set up a driving business. By the end of the journey, Scott’s boss had offered to 46 his idea — a starting capital along with the gift of a £110,000 limousine (豪车) to kick start the business. Of course, there’s an element of luck to everyone’s career. Whether you’re a chief executive or an artist — your 47 won’t be based on hard work alone. For example, the place you were born 48 your education. It determines whether you learn to read, write or complete qualifications, which 49 limits your career choices. Many people believe success is down to talent and hard work, but “this is because most people underestimate the role of 50 ”, says psychologist Dr Elizabeth Nutt Williams. “We do a lot of work to prepare for our careers — education, training, taking advantage of mentoring — all of which tend to be in our control.” People don’t like to acknowledge the role of luck in their work, as it 51 this feeling of being in control, adds Williams. Everyone remembers working hard, so people are more likely to overestimate how much of their success is down to diligence than something much more 52 like luck. The reality of success (at least in terms of 53 ) is less clear cut. In the UK, studies show where you are born is likely to determine how much you earn. 2017 research found that there is a “class pay gap’’, where professional employers from 54 backgrounds are paid almost £7,000 less a year — despite having the same role, education and experience as colleagues from more privileged families. 55 , black graduates earn up to 23% less per hour than white university leavers, whereas woman in the UK earn 14% less on average than men. Socio-economic status also plays a big role in the 56 you enter. A recent study by the Debrett’s Foundation found seven in every 10 young people aged 16 — 25 use 57 to get their first job. While research has shown that less able, richer children are 35% more likely to become high earners than their brighter poorer peers. The truth is: chance and coincidences 58 our careers more than we like to think. Realizing that parts of your career are out of your control sounds 59 , but being grateful for the role of luck in your career can actually make you more fortunate. This is because when you acknowledge the role of luck in your work, you become prepared to take advantage of more fortunate moments. “Chance events occur but it is all about the individual’s 60 to see those events as possibilities and their willingness to take a risk,” says Williams. 46．A．challenge B．adopt C．finance D．reject 47．A．performances B．accomplishments C．assessments D．outcomes 48．A．accounts for B．applies to C．makes up for D．depends on 49．A．in reward B．after all C．in turn D．by nature 50．A．chance B．accident C．education D．diligence 51．A．emphasizes B．overlooks C．maintains D．weakens 52．A．manageable B．vital C．slippery D．minor 53．A．reputation B．income C．education D．occupation 54．A．wealthier B．poorer C．unique D．diverse 55．A．Nevertheless B．Contrarily C．Consequently D．Similarly 56．A．profession B．circle C．community D．university 57．A．certificates B．online platforms C．career fairs D．family connections 58．A．contribute to B．result from C．add to D．hold back 59．A．inspiring B．encouraging C．appealing D．discouraging 60．A．reluctance B．eagerness C．readiness D．resolution 【答案】 46．C 47．B 48．A 49．C 50．A 51．D 52．C 53．B 54．B 55．D 56．A 57．D 58．A 59．D 60．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了成功不仅仅依赖于个人的努力和天赋，运气和偶然事件在职业发展中也扮演了重要角色。文章通过具体例子和研究数据，指出了出生背景、教育、社会经济地位等因素对个人职业选择和收入水平的影响，并强调了认识到运气在职业成功中的作用，可以让人更加珍惜并抓住机遇。 46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在行程结束时，斯科特的老板提出为他的想法提供资金——启动资金以及一辆价值11万英镑的豪华轿车作为礼物，以启动业务。A. challenge挑战；B. adopt采纳；C. finance财务，资助；D. reject拒绝。根据“a starting capital along with the gift of a £110,000 limousine (豪车) to kick start the business”可知，老板为其提供了启动资金以及一辆价值11万英镑的豪华轿车作为礼物即提供了资金资助。故选C。 47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论你是首席执行官还是艺术家，你的成就不会仅仅基于努力工作。A. performances表演，表现；B. accomplishments成就；C. assessments评估；D. outcomes结果。根据“Whether you’re a chief executive or an artist”可知，无论你是首席执行官还是艺术家，你的成就不会仅仅基于努力工作。故选B。 48．考查动词短语辨析。句意：例如，你出生的地方解释了（决定了）你所受的教育。A. accounts for解释，占……比例；B. applies to适用于；C. makes up for补偿；D. depends on依赖。根据“It determines whether you learn to read, write or complete qualifications”可知，你出生的地方决定了你是否学习阅读、写作或完成资格证书等由此也决定了你所受的教育。故选A。 49．考查介词短语辨析。句意：它决定了你是否学习阅读、写作或完成资格证书，这反过来又限制了你的职业选择。A. in reward作为回报；B. after all毕竟；C. in turn反过来；D. by nature天性。根据“It determines whether you learn to read, write or complete qualifications”可知，你出生的地方决定了你是否学习阅读、写作或完成资格证书，这反过来又限制了你的职业选择。故选C。 50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多人认为成功取决于天赋和努力，但心理学家Elizabeth Nutt Williams博士说：“这是因为大多数人低估了机遇的作用。”A. chance机会；B. accident事故，偶然；C. education教育；D. diligence勤奋。根据“People don’t like to acknowledge the role of luck in their work”可知，人们不愿意承认运气在工作中的作用即大多数人低估了机遇的作用。故选A。 51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Williams补充说，人们不愿意承认运气在工作中的作用，因为它削弱了这种掌控感。A. emphasizes强调；B. overlooks忽视；C. maintains维持；D. weakens削弱。根据“We do a lot of work to prepare for our careers — education, training, taking advantage of mentoring — all of which tend to be in our control.”可知，我们为自己的职业生涯做了很多准备——教育、培训、利用导师——所有这些都在我们的掌控之中，而人们不愿意承认运气在工作中的作用，因为它削弱了这种掌控感。故选D。 52．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个人都记得努力工作，所以人们更有可能高估自己的成功在多大程度上取决于勤奋，而不是运气等更不可靠的因素。A. manageable可管理的；B. vital至关重要的；C. slippery不可靠的；D. minor次要的。根据“more likely to overestimate how much of their success is down to diligence”可知，人们更有可能高估自己的成功在多大程度上取决于勤奋，即相比于运气这种不可靠的因素，人们很大程度上认为成功取决于勤奋这种可靠的因素。故选C。 53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：成功的真实性（至少在收入方面）不那么明确。A. reputation名声；B. income收入；C. education教育；D. occupation职业。根据“In the UK, studies show where you are born is likely to determine how much you earn.”可知，后文通过举例在英国，研究表明，你的出生地很可能决定了你的收入，以收入来说明成功的真实性并不是那么明确。故选B。 54．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：2017年的一项研究发现，存在“阶级薪酬差距”，来自贫困家庭的专业雇主，尽管与来自富裕家庭的同事有着相同的角色、教育和经验，但他们的年薪却少了近7000英镑。A. wealthier更富有的；B. poorer更穷的；C. unique独特的；D. diverse多样化的。根据“as colleagues from more privileged families.”可知，来自贫困家庭的专业雇主，尽管与来自富裕家庭的同事有着相同的角色、教育和经验，但他们的年薪却少了近7000英镑；此处将来自于贫穷的家庭和富裕家庭职员进行比较。故选B。 55．考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样，黑人毕业生每小时的收入比白人大学毕业生低23%，而英国女性的平均收入比男性低14%。A. Nevertheless然而；B. Contrarily相反地；C. Consequently因此；D. Similarly同样地。根据“black graduates earn up to 23% less per hour than white university leavers, whereas woman in the UK earn 14% less on average than men”可知，黑人毕业生每小时的收入比白人大学毕业生低23%，而英国女性的平均收入比男性低14%，此处同样说明了“阶级薪酬差距”的问题，表示“同样地”用similarly。故选D。 56．考查名词词义辨析。句意：社会经济地位在你进入的职业中也起着很大的作用。A. profession职业；B. circle圈子；C. community社区；D. university大学。根据“A recent study by the Debrett’s Foundation found seven in every 10 young people aged 16-25 use  ___12___  to get their first job.”可知，6岁至25岁的年轻人中，每10人中就有7人利用家庭关系找到第一份工作，因此社会经济地位在你进入的职业中也起着很大的作用。故选A。 57．考查名词词义辨析。句意：德布雷特基金会最近的一项研究发现，16岁至25岁的年轻人中，每10人中就有7人利用家庭关系找到第一份工作。A. certificates证书；B. online platforms在线平台；C. career fairs职业招聘会；D. family connections家庭关系。根据“Socio-economic status also plays a big role in the  ___11___  you enter.”可知，社会经济地位在你进入的职业中也起着很大的作用，最近的一项研究发现，16岁至25岁的年轻人中，每10人中就有7人利用家庭关系找到第一份工作。故选D。 58．考查动词短语辨析。句意：事实是：机会和巧合对我们职业生涯的贡献比我们想象的要大。A. contribute to有助于；B. result from由……引起；C. add to增加；D. hold back阻碍。根据前文“Of course, there’s an element of luck to everyone’s career.”以及“The reality of success (at least in terms of  ___8___ ) is less clear cut.”以及“Socio-economic status also plays a big role in the  ___11___  you enter.”可知，综合前文论述此处强调，在我们的职业生涯中成功不仅仅依赖于个人的努力和天赋，运气和偶然事件在职业发展中也扮演了重要角色，即机会和巧合对我们职业生涯的贡献比我们想象的要大。故选A。 59．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：意识到你的职业生涯中有一部分是你无法控制的，这听起来令人沮丧，但对运气在你的职业生涯中扮演的角色心存感激，实际上会让你更加幸运。A. inspiring鼓舞人心的；B. encouraging鼓励的；C. appealing吸引人的；D. discouraging令人气馁的。根据“but being grateful for the role of luck in your career can actually make you more fortunate.”可知，虽然意识到你的职业生涯中有一部分是你无法控制的，这听起来令人沮丧，但对运气在你的职业生涯中扮演的角色心存感激，实际上会让你更加幸运，此处前后构成转折关系。故选D。 60．考查名词词义辨析。句意：偶然事件会发生，但这完全取决于个人是否准备好将这些事件视为可能性，以及他们是否愿意冒险。A. reluctance不情愿；B. eagerness渴望；C. readiness准备就绪；D. resolution决心。根据“to see those events as possibilities and their willingness to take a risk,”可知，偶然事件会发生，但这完全取决于个人是否准备好将这些事件视为可能性，以及他们是否愿意冒险。故选C。 Passage 5 The end of high school can be a stressful time. You’re finishing up high school while also 61 the next stage of your life. This often means applying to colleges and taking entrance exams, a process that 62 causes concerns. We are here to help walk you through the process. Accept help The university admissions process looks 63 especially if you’re facing it alone. Fortunately, though, you don’t have to feel 64 . You can talk to a teacher you trust for help with making 65 about which schools to apply to and preparing for tests. Good teachers care about their students and want them to succeed. If possible, talk through the admissions process with your family. Even if they have never been to a university, they’ll still care about you. Depend on them for emotional 66 . It may also help to talk with friends and classmates about the process. 67 your emotions with others is a good way to 68 the burden of worry.Care for your health You may think you don’t have enough time to sleep, exercise or eat healthy food. But in fact, you’ll get more done in less time if you’re healthy enough to be 69 . And 70 , your physical health will affect your happiness more than academic achievements. Manage your expectations Apply to 71 schools so if you don’t get into your first choice, you have a backup plan. Also, understand that if you’re rejected (拒绝), it doesn’t mean you’re a bad student. At the best schools, qualified students sometimes don’t get in. Besides, 72 isn’t everything. Your future depends more on how hard you work than on the school name written on your diploma. And you can get just as good a(n) 73 at many less known schools as you can at the best-known ones. And above all, remember that your 74 doesn’t depend on the results of college admissions. You are valuable and deeply loved, and no rejection can 75 that. 61．A．talking about B．hurrying off C．taking off D．worrying about 62．A．amusingly B．financially C．entirely D．typically 63．A．guilty B．frightening C．simple D．beneficial 64．A．helpless B．positive C．fascinated D．impatient 65．A．jokes B．comments C．decisions D．excuses 66．A．support B．impact C．stress D．concern 67．A．Following B．Keeping C．Sharing D．Practising 68．A．lighten B．deny C．maintain D．remain 69．A．reliable B．pleasing C．comfortable D．attentive 70．A．at first sight B．in the long run C．out of the question D．all of a sudden 71．A．traditional B．several C．ordinary D．advanced 72．A．fame B．graduation C．leisure D．technique 73．A．friend B．lesson C．education D．assignment 74．A．symptom B．proposal C．value D．imagination 75．A．reward B．attract C．track D．change 【答案】 61．D 62．D 63．B 64．A 65．C 66．A 67．C 68．A 69．D 70．B 71．B 72．A 73．C 74．C 75．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者告诉人们一些建议去应对在高中的最后阶段面临的考试和升学的压力。 61．考查动词短语辨析。句意：你即将完成高中学业，同时也在担心你人生的下一个阶段。A. talking about谈话；B. hurrying off匆忙离开；C. taking off起飞；D. worrying about担心。根据后文“causes concerns”可知，此处指担心人生的下一个阶段。故选D项。 62．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这也意味着申请大学，参加入校考试，这是一个通常会带来担心的过程。A. amusingly好笑地；B. financially金融上的；C. entirely完全；D. typically通常，典型地。根据生活常识，高中所面临的考试和升学通常给高三学子带来焦虑，故选D项。 63．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大学录取过程看起来是令人害怕的，尤其是当你独自面对时。A. guilty有罪的；B. frightening令人害怕的；C. simple简单的；D. beneficial有益的。根据后文“especially if you’re facing it alone”独自面对一件事情往往让这件事更难，应选择一个消极意义的词，符合语境的是B选项的frightening，故选B项。 64．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，你不必感到无助。A. helpless无助的；B. positive积极的；C. fascinated入迷的；D. impatient不耐心的。根据后文“You can talk to a teacher you trust for help”可知，你是可以获得帮助的，所以不必感到无助。故选A项。 65．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你可以向你信任的老师寻求帮助，决定申请哪所学校以及准备考试。A. jokes玩笑；B. comments评论；C. decisions决定；D. excuses借口。根据后文“about which schools to apply to and ”可知，此处指学生以向信任的老师寻求帮助，来决定报考哪所学校。故选C项。 66．考查名词词义辨析。句意：依靠他们来获得情绪支持。A. support支持；B. impact影响；C. stress压力；D. concern担心。本节的小标题“Accept help”以及上文“Even if they have never been to a university, they’ll still care about you.”可知，此处指接受家人帮助，即使他们从未上过大学，他们仍然会关心你；因此，此处指来自家人的情感支持。故选A项。 67．考查动词词义辨析。句意：与他人分享你的情绪是减轻思想负担的一种好的方式。A. Following跟随；B. Keeping保持；C. Sharing分享，把自己的想法（或经历、感情）告诉（某人）；D. Practising练习。上文“It may also help to talk with friends and classmates about the process. ”提到与朋友和同学讨论这个选择过程也许也会有帮助；由此可知，此处阐述了把自己的情绪想法与他人分享、告知他人的益处。故选C项。 68．考查动词词义辨析。句意：与他人分享你的情绪是减轻思想负担的一种好的方式。A. lighten减轻；B. deny否认；C. maintain维持；D. remain保持。根据上文“It may also help to talk with friends and classmates about the process.”可知，此处阐述了把自己的情绪想法与他人分享、告知他人的益处，结合空后“the burden of worry”可知，此处指与他人分享情绪能够减轻思想负担。故选A项。 69．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是事实上，如果你足够健康保持专注的话，你可以在更少的时间内完成更多的事情。A. reliable值得信赖的；B. pleasing令人高兴的；C. comfortable舒适的；D. attentive专注的。根据上文“you’ll get more done in less time if you’re healthy enough to be”可知，此处指人在专注的情况下效率会大大提高。故选D项。 70．考查固定短语辨析。句意：并且从长远看，你的身体健康会比学业成绩更影响你的幸福感。A. at first sight乍一看，初次见到；B. in the long run从长远来看；C. out of the question不可能；D. all of a sudden突然。结合上文“ you’ll get more done in less time if you’re healthy enough to be”以及常识可知，本句暗含的意思是：短期看，学术成就似乎比健康重要，但是长远看，健康带来的幸福感更多，故选B项。 71．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：申请多个学校，那么如果你没有进入第一志愿，你还有一个计划作为备份。A. traditional传统的；B. several几个；C. ordinary普通的；D. advanced高级的。根据后文“you have a backup plan”可知，backup“备份”一词可知，不要只盯着一个学校，要多申请几所学校。故选B项。 72．考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，学校的名气不是一切。A. fame名气；B. graduation毕业；C. leisure休闲；D. technique技术。根据后句“Your future depends more on how hard you work than on the school name written on your diploma.(你的未来更多地取决于你的努力而不是写在你文凭上的学校的名字)”可知，作者认为学校的名气不是唯一的决定因素。故选A项。 73．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你可以在许多不太知名的学校得到和在最知名的学校一样好的教育。A. friend朋友；B. lesson课程；C. education教育；D. assignment分配。根据后文“at many less known schools as you can at the best-known ones”此处指在许多不太知名的学校得到和在最知名的学校一样好的教育。故选C项。 74．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最重要的是，记得你的价值不取决于大学的录取结果。A. symptom症状；B. proposal倡议、求婚；C. value价值；D. imagination想象力。根据后句“You are valuable and deeply loved(你是有价值的和被爱的)”可知，此处强调你的价值。故选C项。 75．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你是有价值的和被爱的，没有任何拒绝可以改变这一点。A. reward酬谢；B. attract吸引；C. track追踪；D. change改变。根据语境，作者强调，即使遭遇拒绝，你的价值仍在那里，不会有任何改变。故选D项。 Passage 6 The benefits of a bilingual brain Hablas espafiol?Parlez-yous francais? 你会说中文吗?If you answered, “sí,” “oui,” or “会” and you’re watching this in English, 76 are you belong to the world’s bilingual and multilingual majority. And besides having an easier time traveling or watching movies without subtitles, knowing two or more languages means that your brain may actually look and work 77 than those of your monolingual friends. So what does it really mean to know a language? Language ability is typically measured in two active parts, speaking and writing, and two   78 parts, listening and reading. While a(n) 79 bilingual has near equal abilities across the board in two languages, most bilingual around the world know and use their languages in varying proportions. And   80 their situation and how they acquired each language, they can be 81 into three general types. For example, let’s take Gabriella, whose family immigrates to the US from Peru when she’s two-years old. As a compound bilingual, Gabriella develops two linguistic codes simultaneously (同时地), with a single set of concepts, learning both English and Spanish as she begins to   82 the world around her. Her teenage brother, on the other hand, might be a coordinate bilingual, working with two sets of concepts, learning English in school, while 83 to speak Spanish at home and with friends. Finally, Gabriella’s parents are likely to be subordinate (次要的) bilinguals who learn a secondary language by filtering it through their mother 84 . Because all types of bilingual people can become fully proficient in a language 85 accent or pronunciation, the difference may not be apparent to a casual observer. But recent   86 ·in brain imaging technology have given neurolinguists a glimpse into how specific aspects of language learning affect the bilingual brain. It’s well known that the brain’s left hemisphere is more dominant and analytical in 87 processes. while the right hemisphere is more active in emotional and social ones, though this is a matter of degree, not an absolute split. The fact that language involves both types of functions while lateralization (脑部的偏侧性) develops gradually with age，has led to the critical period hypothesis. According to this theory, children learn languages more easily, because the plasticity of their developing brains lets them use both hemispheres in language acquisition, while in most adults, language is lateralized to one hemisphere, usually the left. But regardless of when you acquire additional languages, being multilingual gives your brain some 88 advantages. Some of these are even visible, such as higher density of the grey matter that contains most of your brain’s neurons and synapses, and more activity in certain regions when engaging a second language. The heightened 89 a bilingual brain receives throughout its life can also help delay the onset of diseases, like Alzheimer’s and dementia by as much as five years. So, while bilingualism may not   90 make you smarter, it does make your brain more healthy, complex and actively engaged, and even if you didn’t have the good fortune of learning a second language as a child, it’s never too late to do yourself a favor and make the linguistic leap from, “Hello,” to, “Hola,” “Bonjour” or “你好’s” because when it comes to our brains a little exercise can go a long way. 76．A．opportunities B．changes C．chances D．collections 77．A．deliberately B．dominantly C．differently D．dramatically 78．A．primitive B．passive C．pessimistic D．primary 79．A．balanced B．imbalanced C．biological D．well-behaved 80．A．depending on B．in favor of C．concentrating on D．thanks to 81．A．separated B．brought C．changed D．classified 82．A．process B．prohibit C．proceed D．progress 83．A．combining B．continuing C．ceasing D．committing 84．A．tune B．tone C．tongue D．toe 85．A．regardless of B．due to C．on the contrary D．otherwise 86．A．advances B．increases C．decreases D．possession 87．A．spiritual B．complicated C．logical D．creative 88．A．invisible B．remarkable C．minor D．inevitable 89．A．workout B．size C．volume D．influence 90．A．necessarily B．commonly C．barely D．differently 【答案】 76．C 77．C 78．B 79．A 80．A 81．D 82．A 83．B 84．C 85．A 86．A 87．C 88．B 89．A 90．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了双语对大脑的益处。 76．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你能回答“si”，“oui”或是“会”，而且能用英文字幕观看这部短片，你就跟世界上大多数人一样，属于双语或多语的使用者。A. opportunities机会；B. changes改变；C. chances机会，时机；可能性；D. collections收藏。根据上文“If you answered, “sí,” “oui,” or “会” and you’re watching this in English”可知，你就跟世界上大多数人一样，属于双语或多语的使用者。chances are that可能…。故选C项。 77．考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，若你在旅行时碰到较少麻烦，或者看电影时不需要字幕，就能懂两种或两种以上的语言，这代表你的大脑事实上也许看起来、运作起来都有别于你只会一种语言的朋友。A. deliberately 故意地；B. dominantly有统治权；C. differently不同地；D. dramatically显著地。根据上文“And besides having an easier time traveling or watching movies without subtitles, knowing two or more languages”以及下文“your monolingual friends.”可知，这代表你的大脑事实上也许看起来、运作起来都有别于你只会一种语言的朋友。故选C项。 78．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：语言能力的评估，通常分成两项积极能力：说和写。以及两项消极能力：听和读。A. primitive原始的；B. passive消极的，被动的；C. pessimistic悲观的；D. primary。根据上文“in two active parts”可知，积极的对应的是消极的。故选B项。 79．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个协调的双语者拥有程度几乎相当的两种语言能力，然而，世界上大多的双语者对于自己语言的了解以及使用有着很大的不同。A. balanced平衡的，协调的；B. imbalanced不平衡的；C. biological生物的；D. well-behaved行为端正的。根据下文“near equal abilities across the board in two languages”可知，一个协调的双语者拥有程度几乎相当的两种语言能力。故选A项。 80．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：而且依照不同的状况以及他们学习每种语言的方式，大致上，可将这些双语者分成三类。A. depending on依靠，依据；B. in favor of支持；C. concentrating on集中；D. thanks to多亏了。根据下文“their situation and how they acquired each language”可知，依照不同的状况以及他们学习每种语言的方式。故选A项。 81．考查动词词义辨析。句意：而且依照不同的状况以及他们学习每种语言的方式，大致上，可将这些双语者分成三类。A. separated分离；B. brought带来；C. changed改变；D. classified分类。根据下文“three general types”可知，被分成三类。故选D项。 82．考查动词词义辨析。句意：身为一位「复合型双语者」，当她对周遭的世界开始进行认知过程，Gabriella同时发展了两种语言代码为一组概念学习英文和西班牙文两种语言。A. process处理，加工，认知；B. prohibit禁止；C. proceed 继续；行进；D. progress进步。根据下文“the world around her”可知，复合型双语者对周遭的世界开始进行认知。故选A项。 83．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的哥哥，可能是个「并列型双语者」，他的大脑里有两组概念在运作：在学校时，学习英文；同时在家或者跟朋友在一起，继续说西班牙文。A. combining结合；B. continuing继续；C. ceasing停止；D. committing承诺。根据上文“Her teenage brother, on the other hand, might be a coordinate bilingual”可知，同时在家或者跟朋友在一起，继续说西班牙文。故选B项。 84．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，当Gabriella的父母学习第二语言时，很有可能成为「从属型双语者」，他们会以自己的母语来过滤第二语言。A. tune曲调；B. tone（说话的）声调，音调；C. tongue 舌头；舌；语言；D. toe脚趾。根据上文“learn a secondary language”可知，通过母语过滤第二语言。mother tongue母语。故选C项。 85．考查介词短语辨析。句意：以上所有类型的双语者都可以完全精通他们的第二语言，无论口音或者发音，若不仔细观察，这些差异并不明显。A. regardless of不管，不顾；B. due to由于；C. on the contrary相反；D. otherwise否则。无论口音或者发音，若不仔细观察，这些差异并不明显。故选A项。 86．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而近来，最新的大脑成像技术进步让神经语言学者，有机会窥探到特定的语言学习区块，是如何影响双语者的大脑。A. advances前进；B. increases增加；C. decreases 减少；D. possession具有；拥有。根据下文“have given neurolinguists a glimpse into how specific aspects of language learning affect the bilingual brain.”可知，最新的大脑成像技术进步让神经语言学者，有机会窥探到特定的语言学习区块，是如何影响双语者的大脑。故选A项。 87．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大家都知道，左脑半球支配性较强，而且能进行逻辑过程的分析，而右脑在情感和社交方面比较活跃，虽然这种看法，在某种程度上获得认可但也不是百分百正确。A. spiritual 精神的；B. complicated复杂的；C. logical有逻辑的；D. creative创造性的。根据常识可知，左脑半球支配性较强，而且能进行逻辑过程的分析。故选C项。 88．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，当你在学习其他语言时多重语言者的身分，将为你的大脑带来一些了不起的优势。A. invisible看不见的；B. remarkable非凡的；显著的；C. minor少数的；D. inevitable不可避免的。根据下文“Some of these are even visible, such as higher density of the grey matter that contains most of your brain’s neurons and synapses, and more activity in certain regions when engaging a second language”可知，为大脑带来了了不起的优势。故选B项。 89．考查名词词义辨析。句意：若双语者的大脑持续地接收这些增强的练习会帮助延缓一些疾病的发作，像阿兹海默症和失智，最多可延缓五年。A. workout锻炼；B. size尺寸；C. volume容量；D. influence影响。根据下文“can also help delay the onset of diseases”可知，大脑持续地接收这些增强的练习会帮助延缓一些疾病的发作。故选A项。 90．考查副词词义辨析。句意：所以，即使双语这项能力，也许无法必然地让你变聪明，但它让你的大脑变得更健康、复杂、有活力。A. necessarily必要地，必然地；B. commonly共同地；C. barely仅仅；几乎没有；D. differently不同地。根据下文“it does make your brain more healthy, complex and actively engaged”可知，双语这项能力，也许无法必然地让你变聪明，但它让你的大脑变得更健康、复杂、有活力。故选A项。 Passage 7 The prevalence (普遍) of sweatshop (血汗工厂) labor depends largely on the definition being used. At its most 91 definition, the term refers to work in a confined space (small, surrounded by walls) that is extremely difficult or dangerous. Sweatshops are considered to be fairly common. If the definition being used is closely related to the commonly-held 92 of a factory with overworked, under-paid workers, sweatshop labor becomes less common than expected. 93 , they are still prevalent in third-world countries. According to the United States Government Accountability Office, a sweatshop is any workplace that breaks one or more state and federal 94 laws. Experts believe that roughly 50 percent of manufacturers— 95 in the clothing industry — employ sweatshop labor. It can be 96 to figure out the exact number of sweatshops in a particular area. These workplaces usually, if not always, violate labor laws. Violations can include workers being paid less than minimum wage, child labor, and the severe lack of safety regulations. 97 , many of these locations tend to hide their identities as sweatshops through a number of different means. For example, they might bribe government officials. Another factor that 98 the prevalence of sweatshop labor is the economic situation in the country or region. Many individuals choose to work in sweatshops simply because there are no better alternatives 99 livelihood (生计), even if the income they’re being given still cannot support their basic standards of living. This has led to a sharper increase in sweatshops in third-world economies. In these countries, there is a 100 advantage to working in a sweatshop rather than not working at all. 101 , the large number of people willing to work under such conditions causes employers to run more sweatshops. Certain economists argue against the popular opinion that sweatshop labor should be considered 102 . Sweatshop supporters argue that the workplaces are a necessity for poor countries. Sweatshop workers actually earn more than average in those countries. Following this train of thought, sweatshops are looked upon as an economic stimulus (刺激物). Employers following this belief are 103 to increase the number of sweatshops in poorer countries. However, other experts think that 104 labor standards in third-world countries creates a downward spiral (螺旋线). That is to say, people will be forced to accept working in increasingly worsening circumstances. The demand for work is significantly larger than the number of jobs that are available. It’s quite 105 for wages and employee rights to continue going downwards in response to such desperation. As a result of the economic circumstances in a given region, employers who follow this philosophy are quick to point out that their businesses do not fall under the definition of a sweatshop. 91．A．accurate B．general C．applicable D．specific 92．A．opinion B．condition C．image D．representation 93．A．However B．Moreover C．Therefore D．Otherwise 94．A．tax B．criminal C．civil D．labor 95．A．exclusively B．particularly C．broadly D．initially 96．A．meaningless B．significant C．awkward D．difficult 97．A．After all B．As a result C．Above all D．As usual 98．A．adds to B．results from C．puts off D．appeals to 99．A．in spite of B．in addition to C．in terms of D．in return for 100．A．comparative B．competitive C．complicated D．potential 101．A．By contrast B．In turn C．All in all D．Last but not least 102．A．necessary B．constructive C．illegal D．inhuman 103．A．encouraged B．forbidden C．reminded D．obliged 104．A．establishing B．enforcing C．maintaining D．dropping 105．A．possible B．incredible C．avoidable D．necessary 【答案】 91．B 92．C 93．A 94．D 95．B 96．D 97．B 98．A 99．C 100．A 101．B 102．C 103．A 104．D 105．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了血汗工厂的定义，它在第三世界国家的普遍程度、存在的复杂原因，以及针对它的利弊的争论。 91．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从最普遍的定义来看，这个术语指的是在一个非常困难或危险的密闭空间（小的，被墙包围的）里工作。A. accurate准确的；B. general普遍的；C. applicable适用的；D. specific具体的。根据下文“Sweatshops are considered to be fairly common.”可知，在这种定义下，血汗工厂被认为相当普遍，因此该定义应该是最普遍的定义。故选B。 92．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果使用的定义与人们普遍认为的工厂的形象密切相关，即工人工作过度，工资过低，那么血汗工厂的劳动力就没有想象的那么普遍了。A. opinion意见；B. condition条件；C. image形象；D. representation代表。根据下文“a factory with overworked, under-paid workers”可推知，工人工作过度、工资过低是人们通常认为的血汗工厂的形象。故选C。 93．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，它们在第三世界国家仍然很普遍。A. However然而；B. Moreover此外；C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则。上文“sweatshop labor becomes less common than expected”提到在另一定义下，血汗工厂的劳动力就没有想象的那么普遍，下文“they are still prevalent in third-world countries”指出它们在第三世界国家仍然很普遍，因此上下文之间是转折关系，应用However“然而”衔接。故选A。 94．考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：根据美国政府问责局的说法，血汗工厂是任何违反一项或多项州和联邦劳动法的工作场所。A. tax税收；B. criminal刑事的；C. civil民事的；D. labor劳动。根据讨论血汗工厂劳动力的语境可知，这与劳动法相关，此处指违反一项或多项州和联邦劳动法。故选D。 95．考查副词词义辨析。句意：专家认为，大约50%的制造商——特别是服装业——雇佣血汗工厂劳动力。A. exclusively专门地；B. particularly特别是；C. broadly广泛地；D. initially最初地。根据下文“in the clothing industry”和生活常识可推知，相比于其他制造商，服装业的制造商更倾向于雇佣血汗工厂劳动力，此处指特别是服装业。故选B。 96．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：要统计出某一地区血汗工厂的确切数量是很困难的。A. meaningless毫无意义的；B. significant重要的；C. awkward尴尬的；D. difficult困难的。根据下文“many of these locations tend to hide their identities as sweatshops through a number of different means”可知，许多血汗工厂会通过许多不同的手段来隐藏它们的这个身份，因此统计出确切数量是很困难的。故选D。 97．考查介词短语辨析。句意：因此，许多这样的地方往往会通过许多不同的手段来隐藏它们作为血汗工厂的身份。A. After all毕竟；B. As a result因此；C. Above all首先；D. As usual照常。上文“These workplaces usually, if not always, violate labor laws.”提到血汗工厂通常违反劳动法，下文“many of these locations tend to hide their identities as sweatshops through a number of different means”指出血汗工厂会通过许多不同的手段来隐藏它们的这个身份，前后是因果关系，前为原因，后为结果，应用As a result“因此”衔接。故选B。 98．考查动词短语辨析。句意：另一个增加血汗工厂劳工盛行的因素是国家或地区的经济状况。A. adds to增加；B. results from由……引起；C. puts off推迟；D. appeals to吸引。根据本段主要描述国家或地区的经济状况导致很多人为了生计而不得不成为血汗工厂劳动力可推知，此处指另一个增加血汗工厂劳工盛行的因素。故选A。 99．考查介词短语辨析。句意：许多人选择在血汗工厂工作，仅仅是因为在生计方面没有更好的选择，即使他们得到的收入仍然无法维持他们的基本生活水平。A. in spite of尽管；B. in addition to除了……之外（还）；C. in terms of就……而言；D. in return for作为……的回报。根据上文“there are no better alternatives”和下文“livelihood”可推知，此处是从生计方面说明因为没有更好的选择，所以许多人选择在血汗工厂工作，即就生计而言。故选C。 100．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在这些国家，在血汗工厂工作比根本不工作更有相对优势。A. comparative相对的；B. competitive竞争的；C. complicated复杂的；D. potential潜在的。根据下文“working in a sweatshop”“not working at all”以及生活常识可知，虽然在血汗工厂工作非常不好，但是这比根本不工作，无法获得收入，有相对的优势。故选A。 101．考查介词短语辨析。句意：反过来，大量愿意在这种条件下工作的人导致雇主经营更多的血汗工厂。A. By contrast相比之下；B. In turn反过来；C. All in all总的来说；D. Last but not least最后但同样重要的是。上文提到很多人迫于生计选择去血汗工厂工作，这比不工作好一些，下文“the large number of people willing to work under such conditions causes employers to run more sweatshops”指出大量愿意在这种条件下工作的人导致雇主经营更多的血汗工厂，前者反过来导致了后者的发生，因此用In turn“反过来”衔接。故选B。 102．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一些经济学家反对将血汗工厂视为非法的流行观点。A. necessary必要的；B. constructive有益的；C. illegal非法的；D. inhuman不人道的。根据上文“These workplaces usually, if not always, violate labor laws.”可知，血汗工厂通常违反劳动法，再结合上文“the popular opinion”可推知，流行观点是将血汗工厂视为非法。故选C。 103．考查动词词义辨析。句意：遵循这种信念的雇主被鼓励在较贫穷的国家增加血汗工厂的数量。A. encouraged鼓励；B. forbidden禁止；C. reminded提醒；D. obliged迫使。根据上文“Following this train of thought, sweatshops are looked upon as an economic stimulus (刺激物).”可知，血汗工厂被视为一种经济刺激物，因此遵循这种信念的雇主是被鼓励增加血汗工厂的数量。故选A。 104．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，其他专家认为，第三世界国家降低劳动标准会造成恶性循环。A. establishing建立；B. enforcing强制执行；C. maintaining维护；D. dropping降低。根据上文“However”可知，本段涉及的观点与前一段支持血汗工厂的观点相反，再结合下文“labor standards in third-world countries creates a downward spiral (螺旋线)”可推知，该反对血汗工厂的观点认为第三世界国家降低劳动标准会造成恶性循环。故选D。 105．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了应对这种绝望，工资和员工权利必然会继续下降。A. possible可能的；B. incredible难以置信的；C. avoidable可避免的；D. necessary必然的。根据上文“The demand for work is significantly larger than the number of jobs that are available.”可知，对工作的需求远远大于可提供的工作数量，再结合“wages and employee rights to continue going downwards in response to such desperation”可推知，为了应对前一句提到的绝望情况，被血汗工厂雇佣的工人不得不进一步退让，他们的工资和权利必然会继续下降。故选D。 Passage 8 Games are anything but a waste of time. By playing games, children learn and precise important skills that they will use long after the games have been 106 . Young children learn to follow rules and wait their 107 . They also practice how to cooperate and 108 winning or losing. Older children develop thinking skills including using a strategy and planning ahead. Psychologist say strategy games encourage the frontal lobes (额叶) of the brain to develop. This part of the brain is 109 for skills which include planning, organizing and decision-making. Playing board games can improve children’s focus and increase their attention span. But to be successful, games must be played to the end without any 110 . Players cannot check their phone s or leave the table for a snack. Playing board games or card games is also a great way to unplug. A variety of studies 111 of the negative effects of too much screen time. Everyone gets 112 in a task with other people — in person — when playing a game. Playing games is not just for kids, either. It’s 113 for adults as well. They need to make time in their day for enjoyment. This kind of activity can trigger (触发) the 114 of the feel-good chemicals that make people feel happier. The social interaction of playing games with family and friends also helps prevent 115 and depression. Sharing laughter and fun while playing games not only improves relationships and draws people closer but also improves brain 116 . When people engage in games like chess or other strategy games, their brains are 117 . Playing games can also stimulate the mind and boost creativity. Taking a break for game — playing can also increase your 118 . By the time you finish playing a game, your brain will have relaxed, so it’s 119 when you go back to work. The playwright George Bernard Shaw famously said, “We don’t stop playing because we grow old; we grow old because we stop playing.” It follows then, that play keeps you 120 . So make some time to play a game today! 106．A．put away B．settled down C．referred to D．passed down 107．A．arrival B．opportunity C． turn D．limit 108．A．predict B．accept C．adapt D．transform 109．A．ready B．anxious C．responsible D．grateful 110．A．interruption B．emotion C．appreciation D．application 111．A．complain B．approve C．consist D．warn 112．A．paid B．involved C．stuck D．confused 113．A．unique B．addictive C．incredible D．beneficial 114．A．release B．reaction C．record D．risk 115．A．curiosity B．stress C．homesickness D．relief 116．A．attack B．wave C．function D．structure 117．A．scanned B．defeated C．preserved D．challenged 118．A．productivity B．participation C．personality D．proposal 119．A．more passive B．heavier C．more objective D．sharper 120．A．calm B．flexible C．young D．passionate 【答案】 106．A 107．C 108．B 109．C 110．A 111．B 112．B 113．D 114．A 115．B 116．C 117．D 118．A 119．D 120．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述的是游戏的意义和作用。 106．考查动词短语辨析。句意：通过玩游戏，孩子们学习和掌握了重要的技能，这些技能在游戏结束后很长一段时间内都会用到。A. put away结束；B. settled down安顿下来；C. referred to参考；D. passed down传下来。根据“long after the games have been”可知，此处说“这些技能在游戏结束后很长一段时间内都会用到”。故选A项。 107．考查名词词义辨析。句意：小孩子学会遵守规则，等待轮到他们。A. arrival到达；B. opportunity机会；C. turn（依次轮到的）机会；D. limit限制。根据“follow rules and wait their”可知，孩子们在玩游戏时，学会遵守规则和等待轮到他们。wait one’s turn是固定短语。故选C项。 108．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们还练习如何合作和接受输赢。A. predict预测；B. accept接受；C. adapt适应；D. transform变换。根据winning or losing可知，孩子们在玩游戏时，学会接受输赢。故选B项。 109．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这部分大脑负责计划、组织和决策等技能。A. ready准备好的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. responsible负责的；D. grateful感激的。根据下文的“which include planning, organizing and decision-making”可知，这部分大脑负责计划、组织和决策等技能。故选C项。 110．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是为了获得成功，游戏必须不间断地玩到底。A. interruption中断；B. emotion情绪；C. appreciation赞赏；D. application应用。根据下文的“Players cannot check their phone s or leave the table for a snack.”可知，游戏不能中断。故选A项。 111．考查动词词义辨析。句意：各种各样的研究都证实了看屏幕时间过长会产生负面影响。A. complain抱怨；B. approve批准，认可；C. consist组成；D. warn警告。根据下文的“the negative effects of too much screen time”可知，各种各样的研究都证实了看屏幕时间过长会产生负面影响。故选B项。 112．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在玩游戏时，每个人都会与其他人一起参与任务。A. paid已付款的；B. involved参与的；C. stuck卡住的；D. confused困惑的。根据下文的“in person”可知，每个人都会与其他人一起参与任务。get involved in“参与”是固定搭配。故选B项。 113．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：游戏对成年人也有好处。A. unique独特的；B. addictive使人上瘾的；C. incredible不可思议的；D. beneficial有益的。根据上一句“Playing games is not just for kids, either.”可知，游戏对成年人也有好处。故选D项。 114．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种活动可以触发让人感觉良好的化学物质的释放，让人感觉更快乐。A. release释放；B. reaction反应；C. record记录；D. risk风险。根据下文的“the feel-good chemicals that make people feel happier”可知，释放让人感觉良好的化学物质，让人感觉更快乐。故选A项。 115．考查名词词义辨析。句意：与家人和朋友玩游戏的社交互动也有助于预防压力和抑郁。A. curiosity好奇心；B. stress压力；C. homesickness想家；D. relief救济。根据并列的depression可知，此处应该用名词stress。故选B项。 116．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在玩游戏的过程中分享欢笑和乐趣，不仅可以改善人际关系，拉近人与人之间的距离，还可以改善大脑功能。A. attack攻击；B. wave波浪；C. function功能；D. structure结构。根据下文的“When people engage in games like chess or other strategy games, their brains are 　12　　.”可知，玩游戏可以改善大脑的功能。故选C项。 117．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当人们参与国际象棋或其他策略游戏时，他们的大脑会受到挑战。A. scanned扫描；B. defeated击败；C. preserved保存；D. challenged挑战。根据常识可知，参与国际象棋或其他策略游戏时，人们的大脑会受到挑战。故选D项。 118．考查名词词义辨析。句意：玩游戏休息一下也能提高你的工作效率。A. productivity生产力，生产率；B. participation参与；C. personality个性；D. proposal提案。根据上一句“Playing games can also stimulate the mind and boost creativity. ”可知，玩游戏也可以刺激思维，提高创造力，从而提高你的工作效率。故选A项。 119．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当你玩完游戏的时候，你的大脑会放松下来，所以当你回去工作的时候它会更敏捷。A. more passive更被动；B. heavier更重；C. more objective更客观；D. sharper更敏捷。根据上文的“your brain will have relaxed”可知，大脑休息后会更敏捷。故选D项。 120．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：于是，游戏使人保持年轻。A. calm冷静的；B. flexible灵活的；C. young年轻的；D. passionate热情的。根据上一句“We don’t stop playing because we grow old; we grow old because we stop playing.”可知，游戏使人保持年轻。故选C项。 Passage 9 I’m Lovin’It Food would undoubtedly be our best friend, if it wasn’t for our love-and-hate relationship with calories. And the 121 fact that so many tasty things actually contain so many of them often catches us off guard. Calories quietly hide in our favorite foods, ready to slide into our bodies uninvited, often without 122 , where they will stay for an extended vacation, until we can find the motivation to do some physical exercise (which, let’s face it, is never) in the hope of losing some weight. Calories 123 practically everything that you can put in your mouth, which makes them impossible to avoid. So, rather than totally 124 delicious treats, it’s time to embrace them. So, starting with everyone’s favourite fast food restaurant, we’ve ranked some of the food on the McDonald’s menu 125 calories, so that you can indulge (纵情享受) with full disclosure. But a word of 126 : There is an extremely high chance that once reading this, you will desire everything on the McDonald’s menu-regardless of the calories. Hash Brown - 150 calories The hash browns look so 127 and harmless in their individual paper sleeves. But, hiding behind that crispy (脆的) appearance is a warm, soft center rich with calories and nearly 6% of your daily fat allowance. Small French Fries-250 calories The 128 of McDonald’s lies in its delicious french fries. The skinny potato chips have the ability to revive us from near death, but they come with a price: 250 calories for a small portion! A large portion will 129 510 calories! McChicken Hamburger-370 calories The McChicken Hamburger comes with lettuce, which provides a false sense of 130 , as our brain is programmed to see green salads as healthy, which they are, just not when combined with all fat mayo (蛋黄酱) and fried chicken. Chicken McNuggets–388 calories It is never easy to choose the portion size of Chicken McNuggets, six isn’t enough, nine is a little too many, and 24 is virtually impossible. 131 , learning the calorie difference between the portion sizes may help you make a decision. Six will cost you 270 calories, nine will claim 388 calories and 24 nuggets contain an enormous 1,140 calories. Sausage McMuffin with Egg-430 calories Breakfast is the most important meal of the day, so why not 132 yourself with the McDonald’s breakfast menu? Well, because a Sausage and Egg McMuffin will secretly drain 430 calories from your daily allowance before you have even 133 woken up. But, nothing beats McDonald’s to start a new day! Big Mac-560 calories The Big Mac is the comfort food we all 134 in times of need. Although, it would appear that it doesn’t quite support us as well as we thought, because hiding inside the tasty treat are 560 calories! Despite the knowledge that a quick trip to McDonald’s will burn through virtually your whole daily allowance of food 135 , we have no shame in admitting that it is our favourite place on Earth. We are certainly “Lovin’ It”! 121．A．easy-to-accept B．heart-warming C．less-known D．make-believe 122．A．notice B．purpose C．support D．strategy 123．A．rely on B．differ from C．filter out D．exist in 124．A．refuse B．prepare C．share D．deserve 125．A．for fear of B．in order of C．in contrast to D．without limitation on 126．A．complaint B．appreciation C．encouragement D．warning 127．A．tasteless B．strange C．innocent D．oily 128．A．failure B．magic C．history D．distribution 129．A．burn B．monitor C．claim D．restrict 130．A．security B．fullness C．happiness D．boredom 131．A．Otherwise B．Moreover C．However D．Similarly 132．A．behave B．spoil C．burden D．amuse 133．A．unhappily B．properly C．suddenly D．late 134．A．attend to B．glance at C．associate with D．turn to 135．A．intake B．shortage C．bill D．preparation 【答案】 121．C 122．A 123．D 124．A 125．B 126．D 127．C 128．B 129．C 130．A 131．C 132．B 133．B 134．D 135．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是麦当劳的一些食物所含的卡路里的情况。 121．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：而鲜为人知的事实是，这么多美味的食物实际上含有这么多的它们，这经常让我们措手不及。A. easy-to-accept容易接受的；B. heart-warming感人的；C. less-known鲜为人知的；D. make-believe假装的。根据下文“so many tasty things actually contain so many of them often catches us off guard”可知，这么多美味的食物实际上含有这么多的热量让我们措手不及，可见这个事实是人们不怎么知道的，因此空格处是“鲜为人知的”。故选C。 122．考查名词词义辨析。句意：卡路里悄悄地藏在我们最喜欢的食物里，随时准备不请自来地溜进我们的身体，通常没有通知，它们会在那里呆很长一段时间，直到我们找到动力去做一些体育锻炼(让我们面对现实吧，这是永远不会的)，希望能减肥。A. notice通知；B. purpose目的；C. support支持；D. strategy策略。根据上文“Calories quietly hide in our favorite foods, ready to slide into our bodies uninvited”可知，卡路里悄悄地藏在我们最喜欢的食物里，随时不请自来，也就是事先不通知。故选A。 123．考查动词短语辨析。句意：卡路里几乎存在于你可以放进嘴里的所有东西中，这使得它们无法避免。A. rely on依靠；B. differ from不同于；C. filter out过滤掉；D. exist in存在于。根据上文“Calories”和下文“practically everything that you can put in your mouth”可知，卡路里几乎存在于你可以放进嘴里的所有东西中。故选D。 124．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，与其完全拒绝美味的食物，不如拥抱它们。A. refuse拒绝；B. prepare准备；C. share分享；D. deserve值得。根据下文“it’s time to embrace them”可知，是时候拥抱它们了，也就是我们不要完全拒绝美味的食物。故选A。 125．考查介词短语辨析。句意：所以，从每个人最喜欢的快餐店开始，我们按照卡路里的顺序排列了麦当劳菜单上的一些食物，这样你就可以尽情享受了。A. for fear of以免；B. in order of按……顺序；C. in contrast to与……形成对比；D. without limitation on不限于。根据上文“we’ve ranked some of the food on the McDonald’s menu”和下文表格中的食物所含的卡路里是按从小到大的顺序排列的可知，此处表示“我们按照卡路里的顺序排列了麦当劳菜单上的一些食物”，空格处意为“按……顺序”。故选B。 126．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但要提醒一句:一旦你读到这篇文章，你极有可能会想吃麦当劳菜单上的所有东西——不管卡路里多少。A. complaint抱怨；B. appreciation理解；C. encouragement鼓励；D. warning提醒，告诫。根据下文“There is an extremely high chance that once reading this, you will desire everything on the McDonald’s menu-regardless of the calories”可知，空后是作者对读者的一种提醒。故选D。 127．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些薯饼装在单独的纸套里，看起来是那么无辜和无害。A. tasteless无味的；B. strange奇怪的；C. innocent无辜的；D. oily含油的。根据下文“and harmless”可知，此处表示这种薯饼看上去是无辜和无害的。故选C。 128．考查名词词义辨析。句意：麦当劳的魔力在于它美味的薯条。A. failure失败；B. magic魔力；C. history历史；D. distribution分发。根据下文“The skinny potato chips have the ability to revive us from near death”可知，薯条有让我们死里逃生的能力，这是麦当劳的魔力所在。故选B。 129．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一大份会含有510卡路里！A. burn燃烧；B. monitor监控；C. claim声称（含有）；D. restrict限制。根据上文“A large portion”和下文“510 calories”可知，一大份薯条在食物标签上声称（含有）510卡路里。故选C。 130．考查名词词义辨析。句意：麦香鸡汉堡里有生菜，这给人一种虚假的安全感，因为我们的大脑会认为绿色沙拉是健康的，它们确实是健康的，只是当和所有的脂肪蛋黄酱和炸鸡结合在一起时就不健康了。A. security安全；B. fullness饱腹感；C. happiness快乐；D. boredom无聊。根据下文“as our brain is programmed to see green salads as healthy”可知，我们的大脑会认为绿色沙拉是健康的，因此汉堡里有生菜会给人一种安全感，让人觉得自己吃得很健康。故选A。 131．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，了解不同份量食物的热量差异可能会帮助你做出决定。A. Otherwise否则；B. Moreover此外；C. However然而；D. Similarly相似地。根据上文“It is never easy to choose the portion size of Chicken McNuggets”和下文“learning the calorie difference between the portion sizes may help you make a decision”可知，前后两句是转折关系，因此空格处是however。故选C。 132．考查动词词义辨析。句意：早餐是一天中最重要的一餐，所以为什么不放纵一下麦当劳的早餐菜单呢？A. behave表现；B. spoil溺爱，宠坏；C. burden使负重担；D. amuse逗乐，逗笑。根据上文“Breakfast is the most important meal of the day”可知，早餐是一天中最重要的一餐，因此为什么不用麦当劳的早餐来宠坏自己呢，因此空格处是spoil。故选B。 133．考查副词词义辨析。句意：好吧，因为在你完全醒来之前，一个香肠鸡蛋麦松饼就会偷偷地从你的每日摄入量中消耗430卡路里。A. unhappily不高兴地；B. properly彻底地，完全地；C. suddenly突然；D. late晚地。根据上文“a Sausage and Egg McMuffin will secretly drain 430 calories from your daily allowance before you have even”可知，在你早上完全醒来之前，一个香肠鸡蛋麦松饼就会偷偷地从你的每日摄入量中消耗430卡路里。故选B。 134．考查动词短语辨析。句意：巨无霸是我们在需要的时候都会求助的安慰食物。A. attend to照顾；B. glance at看一下；C. associate with把……联系在一起；D. turn to求助于。根据上文“comfort food”和下文“in times of need”可知，巨无霸是我们在需要的时候都会求助的安慰食物。故选D。 135．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管我们都知道去一趟麦当劳会消耗掉你每天的食物摄入量，但我们毫不羞愧地承认，麦当劳是我们在地球上最喜欢的地方。A. intake摄入量；B. shortage短缺；C. bill账单；D. preparation准备。根据上文“a quick trip to McDonald’s will burn through virtually your whole daily allowance of food”可知，去一趟麦当劳就要吃东西，因此此处表示“尽管我们都知道去一趟麦当劳会消耗掉你每天的食物摄入量”。故选A。 Passage 10 Over the decades, some scientists have blamed higher rates of certain types of cancer and bone diseases on caffeine consumption, concluding that health risks are 136 to it. To date, however, there is no proof that caffeine causes these diseases. A number of other scientists believe that regular caffeine use causes 137 . Heavy caffeine users, they say, exhibit similar behaviors. For example, their moods swing from high to low, they get mild to severe headaches, or they feel tired or sad when they can’t have a caffeinated drink. To 138 or stop these feelings, users must consume caffeine — a behavior they say is characteristic of drug addiction. Despite these 139 , the general opinion in the scientific community is that caffeine is not dangerous when consumed in moderation. This means having one or two small cups of coffee (about 300ml) per day, for example. Furthermore, a lot of current research challenges 140 negative beliefs about caffeine. Some research even suggests that it may, 141 , have health benefits. For instance, studies have shown that caffeine can help ease muscle pain. Because it is a stimulant (兴奋剂), caffeine can also help improve one’s mood. Research has also shown that some caffeinated drinks — especially certain teas — have disease-fighting 142 that can help the body fight a number of illness, including certain type of cancer. In addition, as a type of mental stimulant, caffeine increases 143 , memory and reaction speed. Because it fights exhaustion, it 144 performance on tasks like driving, flying, and solving simple math problems. And while it is true that caffeine can increase blood pressure, the effect is usually temporary and therefore not 145 to cause heart trouble. This is especially true if caffeine is consumed in moderation. Moreover, despite its nearly universal use, caffeine has 146 been abused. “With caffeine, 147 tends to stop itself,” says Jack Bergman, a medical specialist. “If you consume too much, you get … uncomfortable, and you don’t want to continue.” Caffeine’s behavioral effects are real, but most often 148 . Getting that burst of energy, of course, is why many of the world’s most popular drinks 149 caffeine. Whether it’s a student drinking coffee before class or a businessperson enjoying tea with lunch, humankind’s favorite stimulant is 150 every day, all over the world. 136．A．added B．switched C．tied D．exposed 137．A．environmental issues B．physical dependence C．economic depression D．mental problems 138．A．reveal B．minimize C．challenge D．predict 139．A．concerns B．preferences C．staples D．sources 140．A．wrongly-written B．well-tested C．seldom-mentioned D．long-held 141．A．in conclusion B．in turn C．in brief D．in addition 142．A．objectives B．chemicals C．covers D．systems 143．A．curiosity B．imagination C．determination D．alertness 144．A．diversifies B．serves C．promotes D．shows 145．A．likely B．applicable C．essential D．ready 146．A．almost B．normally C．rarely D．traditionally 147．A．overrun B．overuse C．overweight D．overview 148．A．disposable B．amazing C．unattainable D．mild 149．A．remove B．contain C．decrease D．count 150．A．at work B．at ease C．at fault D．at risk 【答案】 136．C 137．B 138．B 139．A 140．D 141．B 142．B 143．D 144．C 145．A 146．C 147．B 148．D 149．B 150．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了咖啡因在世界各地受到欢迎，然而很多人对于咖啡因是否有副作用持有怀疑态度，但是适量饮用还是会带给人们一定的好处。 136．考查动词词义辨析。句意：几十年来，一些科学家将某些类型的癌症和骨骼疾病的高发归咎于咖啡因的摄入，并得出健康风险与之联系的结论。A. added增加；B. switched切换到；C. tied系，拴；D. exposed暴露。根据前文的“concluding that health risks are”和后文it指代caffeine consumption“咖啡因的摄入”可知，科学家得出健康风险与咖啡因的摄入相关的结论。tie to“连接到，系到，联系”。故选C项。 137．考查名词短语辨析。句意：其他一些科学家认为，经常摄入咖啡因会导致身体依赖。A. environmental issues环境问题；B. physical dependence物理依赖性；C. economic depression经济萧条；D. mental problems心理问题。根据后文的“Heavy caffeine users, they say, exhibit similar behaviors. For example, their moods swing from high to low, they get mild to severe headaches, or they feel tired or sad when they can’t have a caffeinated drink. To 3 or stop these feelings, users must consume caffeine — a behavior they say is characteristic of drug addiction.”可知，大量咖啡因使用者也表现出类似的行为。例如，他们的情绪从高到低，他们会有轻微到严重的头痛，或者当他们不能喝含咖啡因的饮料时，他们会感到疲倦或悲伤。为了尽量减少或阻止这些感觉，使用者必须摄入咖啡因——他们说这是一种药物成瘾的特征。所以一些科学家认为，经常摄入咖啡因会导致身体依赖。故选B项。 138．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了尽量减少或阻止这些感觉，使用者必须摄入咖啡因——他们说这是一种药物成瘾的特征。A. reveal揭示；B. minimize最小化，使最小化，降低；C. challenge挑战；D. predict预测。根据前文的“their moods swing from high to low, they get mild to severe headaches, or they feel tired or sad when they can’t have a caffeinated drink”和后文的“为了尽量减少或阻止这些感觉，使用者必须摄入咖啡因——他们说这是一种药物成瘾的特征”可知，大量咖啡因使用者大量咖啡因使用者的情绪从高到低，他们会有轻微到严重的头痛，或者当他们不能喝含咖啡因的饮料时，他们会感到疲倦或悲伤。为了尽量减少或阻止这些感觉，使用者必须摄入咖啡因。故选B项。 139．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管存在这些担忧，科学界的普遍观点是，适量摄入咖啡因并不危险。A. concerns担忧；B. preferences偏好；C. staples主食；D. sources来源。根据前文的“A number of other scientists believe that regular caffeine use causes 2. ”和后文“the general opinion in the scientific community is that caffeine is not dangerous when consumed in moderation”可知，其他一些科学家认为，经常摄入咖啡因会导致身体依赖。尽管存在这些担忧，科学界的普遍观点是，适量摄入咖啡因并不危险。故选A项。 140．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，许多当前的研究挑战了长期以来人们对咖啡因持有的负面看法。A. wrongly-written写错的；B. well-tested测试良好的；C. seldom-mentioned很少提及；D. long-held长期持有的。根据前文的“a lot of current research challenges”和后文的“negative beliefs about caffeine”和常识可知，人们对咖啡因长期持有负面看法，许多当前的研究对此进行挑战。故选D项。 141．考查介词短语辨析。句意：一些研究甚至表明，它可能反而对健康有益。A. in conclusion总而言之；B. in turn反过来，反而；C. in brief简而言之；D. in addition此外。根据前文的“negative beliefs about caffeine”可知，人们对咖啡因持有的负面看法，然而一些研究甚至表明，它可能反而对健康有益。故选B项。 142．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究还表明，一些含咖啡因的饮料——尤其是某些茶——含有对抗疾病的化学物质，可以帮助身体对抗许多疾病，包括某些类型的癌症。A. objectives目标；B. chemicals化学品，化学物质；C. covers封面；D. systems系统。根据前文的“Research has also shown that some caffeinated drinks—especially certain teas—have disease-fighting”可知，一些含咖啡因的饮料含有对抗疾病的化学物质。故选B项。 143．考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，作为一种精神兴奋剂，咖啡因可以提高警觉性、记忆力和反应速度。A. curiosity好奇心；B. imagination想象；C. determination确定；D. alertness警觉。根据前文“as a type of mental stimulant”和后文的“memory and reaction speed”可知，咖啡作为一种精神兴奋剂可以提高警觉性、记忆力和反应速度。故选D项。 144．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为它可以对抗疲劳，所以它可以提高驾驶、飞行和解决简单数学问题等任务的表现。A. diversifies使多样化；B. serves服务；C. promotes促进；D. shows显示。根据前文的“Because it fights exhaustion”和后文“performance on tasks like driving, flying, and solving simple math problems”可知，因为咖啡可以对抗疲劳，所以它可以提高驾驶、飞行和解决简单数学问题等任务的表现。故选C项。 145．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然咖啡因确实会增加血压，但这种影响通常是暂时的，因此不太可能引起心脏病。A. likely可能的；B. applicable适用的；C. essential本质的；D. ready准备好的。根据前文的“while it is true that caffeine can increase blood pressure, the effect is usually temporary”可知，虽然咖啡因确实会增加血压，但这种影响通常是暂时的，因此引起心脏病的可能性不大，即不太可能引起心脏病。故选A项。 146．考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，尽管咖啡因几乎被普遍使用，但它很少被滥用。A. almost几乎；B. normally通常；C. rarely很少；D. traditionally传统上。根据后文的“If you consume too much, you get... uncomfortable, and you don’t want to continue.”可知，如果你摄入太多，你就会感到不舒服，你就不想继续了。咖啡因的过量使用往往会自行停止，它很少被滥用。故选C项。 147．考查名词词义辨析。句意：咖啡因的过量使用往往会自行停止。A. overrun过量使用，超过限度；B. overuse过度使用；C. overweight超重；D. overview概述。根据后文的“If you consume too much, you get... uncomfortable, and you don’t want to continue.”可知，如果你摄入太多，你就会感到不舒服，你就不想继续了。所以咖啡因的过量使用往往会自行停止。故选B项。 148．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：咖啡因对行为的影响是真实的，但大多数情况下是温和的。A. disposable一次性的；B. amazing惊人的；C. unattainable无法达到的；D. mild温和的。根据后文的“Getting that burst of energy, of course, is why many of the world’s most popular drinks 14 caffeine.”可知，世界上许多最受欢迎的饮料都含有咖啡因，因为咖啡因对行为的影响大多数情况下是温和的。故选D项。 149．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当然，这就是为什么世界上许多最受欢迎的饮料都含有咖啡因的原因。A. remove移除；B. contain含有；C. decrease减少；D. count计数。根据前文的“many of the world’s most popular drinks ”和后文“caffeine. Whether it’s a student drinking coffee”可知，世界上许多最受欢迎的饮料都含有咖啡因。故选B项。 150．考查介词短语辨析。句意：无论是上课前喝咖啡的学生，还是午餐时喝茶的商人，人类最喜欢的兴奋剂每天都在工作中，在世界各地。A. at work在工作；B. at ease自由自在；C. at fault有过错；D. at risk处于危险中。根据前文的“Whether it’s a student drinking coffee before class or a businessperson enjoying tea with lunch, humankind’s favorite stimulant is”可知，从上课前喝咖啡的学生，午餐时喝茶的商人可见，兴奋剂每天都在工作中。故选A项。 35 / 35 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 完形填空（精选名校试题） 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 上海市格致中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中英语试题 上海市华东师范大学第二附中2023-2024学年高一下期中英语试卷 上海复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题 上海中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题 上海大学附属嘉定高中2023-2024学年高一下学期期中质量监测英语试题 上海市上海交通大学附属中学嘉定分校2023-2024学年高一下学期期中英语试卷 上海市普陀区宜川中学2023-2024学年高一下学期英语期中考试卷 上海市杨浦区2023-2024学年高一下学期4月模拟质量调研英语试题 上海市七宝中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中英语试题 上海市进才中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题 Passage 1 The Schools That Are Bringing Poor Kids... A college degree is, in most cases, the key to more money and a more comfortable standard of living. But that pathway to higher earnings is more 1 to some than others: A lot of leading colleges do not enroll a lot of low-income students, and as a result, they’re not 2 very many students from low-income households into the middle and upper classes. 3 , though strategies for enrolling and preserving low-income students are usually mentioned, they can be tough to 4 at scale. Dozens of top colleges and universities have more students from the top 1 percent of the income scale than the 5 60 percent. And that’s a problem if colleges hope to escape the common 6 that they are little more than a finishing school for the elite (精英). But there are institutions — a lot of them — that have strong track records of 7 the socioeconomic fortunes of students. If higher education is supposed to be the great equalizer (平衡器), these institutions — from community colleges to public regional four-year colleges — are the ones that are doing the most work. Colleges should be 8 recruiting and enrolling low-income students — and that means more than targeting ads to 9 students on social media. It means a commitment to going where they are — areas that a lot of schools do not typically recruit — and publicize the process of going to college. Then they should be supporting students with 10 when the students get to campus — whether it’s writing centers, generous financial aid packages, or simply sympathetic academic advisors who perhaps came from low-income backgrounds themselves. And it is also preparing students for jobs after college and building relationships with businesses that 11 the process of finding post-graduation employment for students, especially for those whose parents don’t have their own professional 12 . Pace ranks first among private colleges in motivating its students from the lowest levels of the income scale and into the middle and upper class. There are a lot of ways in which people of privilege (特权) 13 their college years or having unpaid internships (实习) or having the social capital to get certain jobs. But colleges can fill those 14 , particularly for low-income students, helping students get jobs, or sustaining them with programs that help them land paid internships with top companies. We can provide strong networks through faculty and staff as well to help a new generation, a new, socioeconomically 15 generation, achieve the American dream. 1．A．important B．necessary C．available D．realistic 2．A．evaluating B．urging C．refusing D．promoting 3．A．However B．What’s more C．In contrast D．On the whole 4．A．implement B．replace C．overcome D．track 5．A．minimum B．bottom C．fixed D．estimated 6．A．criticism B．comment C．practice D．goal 7．A．worsening B．claiming C．improving D．denying 8．A．directly B．strictly C．actively D．cautiously 9．A．urban B．native C．suburban D．prospective 10．A．resources B．coaches C．skills D．funds 11．A．push B．ease C．slow D．affect 12．A．trainings B．careers C．standards D．networks 13．A．benefit from B．invest in C．fit into D．advance through 14．A．vacancies B．gaps C．bottoms D．blanks 15．A．competitive B．responsible C．diverse D．dynamic Passage 2 Dogs Bow to Wolves as Cooperators If you need help herding some sheep or retrieving a stick, you can count on your canine companion, because dogs always seem to be keen on 16 . But only if their partner is a person. When it comes to cooperating with one another, dogs are truly 17 … and instead it’s wolves who’ve mastered the art of teamwork. That’s according to a study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. For thousands of years, humans have been breeding dogs that can do all sorts of neat tricks. And because pups aim to please, we’ve come to think that domestication has somehow 18 dogs’ powers of cooperation. But researchers in Austria have been wondering whether that notion could be barking up the wrong tree. Because left to their own devices, dogs are bigger 19 than wolves. “So wolves live in 20 family packs, they cooperate in raising the young, they also cooperate in hunting and in defending their territory. So they really have a strong 21 on cooperation in many aspects of their lives. 22 , free ranging dogs actually seek food mostly by themselves. It’s only mothers that raise their young. And they do form packs but they tend to be somewhat more 23 , if you want.” That’s Sarah Marshall-Pescini of the Wolf Science Center at the University of Vienna. She and her colleagues decided to test dogs’ and wolves’ 24 powers of cooperation. In the setup, a pair of animals… either two dogs or two wolves… is 25 with a contraption (装置) that will allow the participants to 26 a tray of food… but only if both members of the team simultaneously pull on the two ends of a rope. A dozen wolves and 14 dogs took the challenge. And the results? The wolves ran circles around their doggie descendants. In some 400 attempts, the wolf teams 27 a snack 100 times, which may not sound all that impressive until you compare it with the doggie couples, who, in nearly 500 trials, succeeded only twice. Now, it’s not that dogs are less earnest learners. Or that they turned tail and avoided the apparatus (装置). Marshall-Pescini says the pooches (杂种狗) were 28 about the device. “What seemed to be happening was that they didn’t want to get into conflict with each other. So they wouldn’t both go and try things on it but rather took it 29 . And this really set back their capacity to cooperate.” So rather than step on each other’s toes, the dogs took turns bowing out, giving their teammate a chance at the plate. That show of social grace left the poor pups with their tummies growling. And no 30 to enjoy. 16．A．lending a paw B．grabbing a bite C．making a mess D．taking a stand 17．A．lost B．skilled C．decisive D．confident 18．A．disturbed B．boosted C．preferred D．affected 19．A．remedies B．winners C．companions D．loners 20．A．closely knit B．hard won C．locally sourced D．well regulated 21．A．burden B．basis C．mark D．dependence 22．A．In contrast B．In particular C．In reality D．Strangely yet 23．A．exceptional B．hesitant C．inseparable D．loose 24．A．relevant B．related C．relative D．combined 25．A．equipped B．presented C．crowned D．lined 26．A．serve B．access C．trap D．fetch 27．A．handled B．threw C．spotted D．scored 28．A．bored B．stressful C．curious D．upset 29．A．in turns B．in balance C．at ease D．in order 30．A．treat B．delight C．pleasure D．sight Passage 3 In recent years breakfast cereals (谷物) seem to have lost their appeal. Many contain things that 31 consumers avoid, from carbohydrates and gluten to artificial flavours and genetically modified (GM) grain. Add to this a rising 32 for big brands and adoration of small, “authentic” ones, and large cereal-makers have been suffering declining sales. The market for “ready-to-eat” cereals shrank by 9% in America between 2012 and 2015, according to Euromonitor, a data firm. In Britain, the second-biggest cereal market, sales fell by 6%. Now, the manufacturers are boasting a(n) 33 . On February 16th General Mills told investors that its American cereal sales were stabilising. Kellogg follows, reporting on February 17th that it expects its American cereal sales to grow this year. But it will take hard work to make breakfast’s business 34 again. Cereal firms have tried many ways to cope with customer’s 35 appetites. They have 36 . Post Holdings, which sells Honey Bunches of Oats and Grape-Nuts, now also sells eggs and protein shakes. Some firms have 37 trendier brands, with mixed results. After Kellogg bought Kashi in 2000, many of its loyal customers 38 . Kellogg is now trying to win them back, returning Kashi’s headquarters to California. A new Kashi cereal features popped sorghum （高粱）, crispy yellow peas and smashed red beans. Makers are also spending to help their main brands. Kellogg has put more fruit in its Special K Red Berries cereal. General Mills plans to 39 all artificial flavours and colours from its cereals by 2023. Retailers do not want cereal to enter terminal decline — it is too 40 for them. Jim Holbrook, who led Post’s cereal business and is now boss of Daymon Worldwide, a retail consultant, says grocers might 41 sales by placing milk or bananas alongside cereal. For now, cereal-makers can take 42 that at least some brands are still popular. Sales of Kellogg’s Froot Loops and General Mills’ Cinnamon Toast Crunch have 43 in recent years, points out Alexia Howard of Sanford C． Bernstein, a research firm, even as more virtuous brands such as Fiber One, All-Bran and (until recently) Special K were failing. 44 shoppers may or may not come back to their cereal habit just due to smashed red beans. But cereal’s most 45 customers are those who don’t mind heaps of sugar, or “red #40” food colouring, in their breakfast bowls. 31．A．anxious B．regular C．satisfied D．potential 32．A．demand B．standard C．reputation D．disrespect 33．A．continuity B．distinction C．turnaround D．equivalent 34．A．compete B．succeed C．protest D．refuse 35．A．shrinking B．promoted C．inexhaustible D．intellectual 36．A．declined B．regretted C．diversified D．patented 37．A．changed B．embarrassed C．acquired D．replaced 38．A．doubted B．fled C．ignored D．wandered 39．A．conceal B．receive C．remove D．expect 40．A．distant B．traditional C．mysterious D．profitable 41．A．boost B．review C．reject D．describe 42．A．responsibility B．comfort C．charge D．action 43．A．failed B．risen C．paused D．mattered 44．A．Warm-hearted B．Fun-loving C．Would-be D．Health-conscious 45．A．reliable B．wealthy C．famous D．intelligent Passage 4 It’s safe to say Jeremy Scott is having a lucky year. In March while working as a chauffeur, he told his boss about his plans to set up a driving business. By the end of the journey, Scott’s boss had offered to 46 his idea — a starting capital along with the gift of a £110,000 limousine (豪车) to kick start the business. Of course, there’s an element of luck to everyone’s career. Whether you’re a chief executive or an artist — your 47 won’t be based on hard work alone. For example, the place you were born 48 your education. It determines whether you learn to read, write or complete qualifications, which 49 limits your career choices. Many people believe success is down to talent and hard work, but “this is because most people underestimate the role of 50 ”, says psychologist Dr Elizabeth Nutt Williams. “We do a lot of work to prepare for our careers — education, training, taking advantage of mentoring — all of which tend to be in our control.” People don’t like to acknowledge the role of luck in their work, as it 51 this feeling of being in control, adds Williams. Everyone remembers working hard, so people are more likely to overestimate how much of their success is down to diligence than something much more 52 like luck. The reality of success (at least in terms of 53 ) is less clear cut. In the UK, studies show where you are born is likely to determine how much you earn. 2017 research found that there is a “class pay gap’’, where professional employers from 54 backgrounds are paid almost £7,000 less a year — despite having the same role, education and experience as colleagues from more privileged families. 55 , black graduates earn up to 23% less per hour than white university leavers, whereas woman in the UK earn 14% less on average than men. Socio-economic status also plays a big role in the 56 you enter. A recent study by the Debrett’s Foundation found seven in every 10 young people aged 16 — 25 use 57 to get their first job. While research has shown that less able, richer children are 35% more likely to become high earners than their brighter poorer peers. The truth is: chance and coincidences 58 our careers more than we like to think. Realizing that parts of your career are out of your control sounds 59 , but being grateful for the role of luck in your career can actually make you more fortunate. This is because when you acknowledge the role of luck in your work, you become prepared to take advantage of more fortunate moments. “Chance events occur but it is all about the individual’s 60 to see those events as possibilities and their willingness to take a risk,” says Williams. 46．A．challenge B．adopt C．finance D．reject 47．A．performances B．accomplishments C．assessments D．outcomes 48．A．accounts for B．applies to C．makes up for D．depends on 49．A．in reward B．after all C．in turn D．by nature 50．A．chance B．accident C．education D．diligence 51．A．emphasizes B．overlooks C．maintains D．weakens 52．A．manageable B．vital C．slippery D．minor 53．A．reputation B．income C．education D．occupation 54．A．wealthier B．poorer C．unique D．diverse 55．A．Nevertheless B．Contrarily C．Consequently D．Similarly 56．A．profession B．circle C．community D．university 57．A．certificates B．online platforms C．career fairs D．family connections 58．A．contribute to B．result from C．add to D．hold back 59．A．inspiring B．encouraging C．appealing D．discouraging 60．A．reluctance B．eagerness C．readiness D．resolution Passage 5 The end of high school can be a stressful time. You’re finishing up high school while also 61 the next stage of your life. This often means applying to colleges and taking entrance exams, a process that 62 causes concerns. We are here to help walk you through the process. Accept help The university admissions process looks 63 especially if you’re facing it alone. Fortunately, though, you don’t have to feel 64 . You can talk to a teacher you trust for help with making 65 about which schools to apply to and preparing for tests. Good teachers care about their students and want them to succeed. If possible, talk through the admissions process with your family. Even if they have never been to a university, they’ll still care about you. Depend on them for emotional 66 . It may also help to talk with friends and classmates about the process. 67 your emotions with others is a good way to 68 the burden of worry.Care for your health You may think you don’t have enough time to sleep, exercise or eat healthy food. But in fact, you’ll get more done in less time if you’re healthy enough to be 69 . And 70 , your physical health will affect your happiness more than academic achievements. Manage your expectations Apply to 71 schools so if you don’t get into your first choice, you have a backup plan. Also, understand that if you’re rejected (拒绝), it doesn’t mean you’re a bad student. At the best schools, qualified students sometimes don’t get in. Besides, 72 isn’t everything. Your future depends more on how hard you work than on the school name written on your diploma. And you can get just as good a(n) 73 at many less known schools as you can at the best-known ones. And above all, remember that your 74 doesn’t depend on the results of college admissions. You are valuable and deeply loved, and no rejection can 75 that. 61．A．talking about B．hurrying off C．taking off D．worrying about 62．A．amusingly B．financially C．entirely D．typically 63．A．guilty B．frightening C．simple D．beneficial 64．A．helpless B．positive C．fascinated D．impatient 65．A．jokes B．comments C．decisions D．excuses 66．A．support B．impact C．stress D．concern 67．A．Following B．Keeping C．Sharing D．Practising 68．A．lighten B．deny C．maintain D．remain 69．A．reliable B．pleasing C．comfortable D．attentive 70．A．at first sight B．in the long run C．out of the question D．all of a sudden 71．A．traditional B．several C．ordinary D．advanced 72．A．fame B．graduation C．leisure D．technique 73．A．friend B．lesson C．education D．assignment 74．A．symptom B．proposal C．value D．imagination 75．A．reward B．attract C．track D．change Passage 6 The benefits of a bilingual brain Hablas espafiol?Parlez-yous francais? 你会说中文吗?If you answered, “sí,” “oui,” or “会” and you’re watching this in English, 76 are you belong to the world’s bilingual and multilingual majority. And besides having an easier time traveling or watching movies without subtitles, knowing two or more languages means that your brain may actually look and work 77 than those of your monolingual friends. So what does it really mean to know a language? Language ability is typically measured in two active parts, speaking and writing, and two   78 parts, listening and reading. While a(n) 79 bilingual has near equal abilities across the board in two languages, most bilingual around the world know and use their languages in varying proportions. And   80 their situation and how they acquired each language, they can be 81 into three general types. For example, let’s take Gabriella, whose family immigrates to the US from Peru when she’s two-years old. As a compound bilingual, Gabriella develops two linguistic codes simultaneously (同时地), with a single set of concepts, learning both English and Spanish as she begins to   82 the world around her. Her teenage brother, on the other hand, might be a coordinate bilingual, working with two sets of concepts, learning English in school, while 83 to speak Spanish at home and with friends. Finally, Gabriella’s parents are likely to be subordinate (次要的) bilinguals who learn a secondary language by filtering it through their mother 84 . Because all types of bilingual people can become fully proficient in a language 85 accent or pronunciation, the difference may not be apparent to a casual observer. But recent   86 ·in brain imaging technology have given neurolinguists a glimpse into how specific aspects of language learning affect the bilingual brain. It’s well known that the brain’s left hemisphere is more dominant and analytical in 87 processes. while the right hemisphere is more active in emotional and social ones, though this is a matter of degree, not an absolute split. The fact that language involves both types of functions while lateralization (脑部的偏侧性) develops gradually with age，has led to the critical period hypothesis. According to this theory, children learn languages more easily, because the plasticity of their developing brains lets them use both hemispheres in language acquisition, while in most adults, language is lateralized to one hemisphere, usually the left. But regardless of when you acquire additional languages, being multilingual gives your brain some 88 advantages. Some of these are even visible, such as higher density of the grey matter that contains most of your brain’s neurons and synapses, and more activity in certain regions when engaging a second language. The heightened 89 a bilingual brain receives throughout its life can also help delay the onset of diseases, like Alzheimer’s and dementia by as much as five years. So, while bilingualism may not   90 make you smarter, it does make your brain more healthy, complex and actively engaged, and even if you didn’t have the good fortune of learning a second language as a child, it’s never too late to do yourself a favor and make the linguistic leap from, “Hello,” to, “Hola,” “Bonjour” or “你好’s” because when it comes to our brains a little exercise can go a long way. 76．A．opportunities B．changes C．chances D．collections 77．A．deliberately B．dominantly C．differently D．dramatically 78．A．primitive B．passive C．pessimistic D．primary 79．A．balanced B．imbalanced C．biological D．well-behaved 80．A．depending on B．in favor of C．concentrating on D．thanks to 81．A．separated B．brought C．changed D．classified 82．A．process B．prohibit C．proceed D．progress 83．A．combining B．continuing C．ceasing D．committing 84．A．tune B．tone C．tongue D．toe 85．A．regardless of B．due to C．on the contrary D．otherwise 86．A．advances B．increases C．decreases D．possession 87．A．spiritual B．complicated C．logical D．creative 88．A．invisible B．remarkable C．minor D．inevitable 89．A．workout B．size C．volume D．influence 90．A．necessarily B．commonly C．barely D．differently Passage 7 The prevalence (普遍) of sweatshop (血汗工厂) labor depends largely on the definition being used. At its most 91 definition, the term refers to work in a confined space (small, surrounded by walls) that is extremely difficult or dangerous. Sweatshops are considered to be fairly common. If the definition being used is closely related to the commonly-held 92 of a factory with overworked, under-paid workers, sweatshop labor becomes less common than expected. 93 , they are still prevalent in third-world countries. According to the United States Government Accountability Office, a sweatshop is any workplace that breaks one or more state and federal 94 laws. Experts believe that roughly 50 percent of manufacturers— 95 in the clothing industry — employ sweatshop labor. It can be 96 to figure out the exact number of sweatshops in a particular area. These workplaces usually, if not always, violate labor laws. Violations can include workers being paid less than minimum wage, child labor, and the severe lack of safety regulations. 97 , many of these locations tend to hide their identities as sweatshops through a number of different means. For example, they might bribe government officials. Another factor that 98 the prevalence of sweatshop labor is the economic situation in the country or region. Many individuals choose to work in sweatshops simply because there are no better alternatives 99 livelihood (生计), even if the income they’re being given still cannot support their basic standards of living. This has led to a sharper increase in sweatshops in third-world economies. In these countries, there is a 100 advantage to working in a sweatshop rather than not working at all. 101 , the large number of people willing to work under such conditions causes employers to run more sweatshops. Certain economists argue against the popular opinion that sweatshop labor should be considered 102 . Sweatshop supporters argue that the workplaces are a necessity for poor countries. Sweatshop workers actually earn more than average in those countries. Following this train of thought, sweatshops are looked upon as an economic stimulus (刺激物). Employers following this belief are 103 to increase the number of sweatshops in poorer countries. However, other experts think that 104 labor standards in third-world countries creates a downward spiral (螺旋线). That is to say, people will be forced to accept working in increasingly worsening circumstances. The demand for work is significantly larger than the number of jobs that are available. It’s quite 105 for wages and employee rights to continue going downwards in response to such desperation. As a result of the economic circumstances in a given region, employers who follow this philosophy are quick to point out that their businesses do not fall under the definition of a sweatshop. 91．A．accurate B．general C．applicable D．specific 92．A．opinion B．condition C．image D．representation 93．A．However B．Moreover C．Therefore D．Otherwise 94．A．tax B．criminal C．civil D．labor 95．A．exclusively B．particularly C．broadly D．initially 96．A．meaningless B．significant C．awkward D．difficult 97．A．After all B．As a result C．Above all D．As usual 98．A．adds to B．results from C．puts off D．appeals to 99．A．in spite of B．in addition to C．in terms of D．in return for 100．A．comparative B．competitive C．complicated D．potential 101．A．By contrast B．In turn C．All in all D．Last but not least 102．A．necessary B．constructive C．illegal D．inhuman 103．A．encouraged B．forbidden C．reminded D．obliged 104．A．establishing B．enforcing C．maintaining D．dropping 105．A．possible B．incredible C．avoidable D．necessary Passage 8 Games are anything but a waste of time. By playing games, children learn and precise important skills that they will use long after the games have been 106 . Young children learn to follow rules and wait their 107 . They also practice how to cooperate and 108 winning or losing. Older children develop thinking skills including using a strategy and planning ahead. Psychologist say strategy games encourage the frontal lobes (额叶) of the brain to develop. This part of the brain is 109 for skills which include planning, organizing and decision-making. Playing board games can improve children’s focus and increase their attention span. But to be successful, games must be played to the end without any 110 . Players cannot check their phone s or leave the table for a snack. Playing board games or card games is also a great way to unplug. A variety of studies 111 of the negative effects of too much screen time. Everyone gets 112 in a task with other people — in person — when playing a game. Playing games is not just for kids, either. It’s 113 for adults as well. They need to make time in their day for enjoyment. This kind of activity can trigger (触发) the 114 of the feel-good chemicals that make people feel happier. The social interaction of playing games with family and friends also helps prevent 115 and depression. Sharing laughter and fun while playing games not only improves relationships and draws people closer but also improves brain 116 . When people engage in games like chess or other strategy games, their brains are 117 . Playing games can also stimulate the mind and boost creativity. Taking a break for game — playing can also increase your 118 . By the time you finish playing a game, your brain will have relaxed, so it’s 119 when you go back to work. The playwright George Bernard Shaw famously said, “We don’t stop playing because we grow old; we grow old because we stop playing.” It follows then, that play keeps you 120 . So make some time to play a game today! 106．A．put away B．settled down C．referred to D．passed down 107．A．arrival B．opportunity C． turn D．limit 108．A．predict B．accept C．adapt D．transform 109．A．ready B．anxious C．responsible D．grateful 110．A．interruption B．emotion C．appreciation D．application 111．A．complain B．approve C．consist D．warn 112．A．paid B．involved C．stuck D．confused 113．A．unique B．addictive C．incredible D．beneficial 114．A．release B．reaction C．record D．risk 115．A．curiosity B．stress C．homesickness D．relief 116．A．attack B．wave C．function D．structure 117．A．scanned B．defeated C．preserved D．challenged 118．A．productivity B．participation C．personality D．proposal 119．A．more passive B．heavier C．more objective D．sharper 120．A．calm B．flexible C．young D．passionate Passage 9 I’m Lovin’It Food would undoubtedly be our best friend, if it wasn’t for our love-and-hate relationship with calories. And the 121 fact that so many tasty things actually contain so many of them often catches us off guard. Calories quietly hide in our favorite foods, ready to slide into our bodies uninvited, often without 122 , where they will stay for an extended vacation, until we can find the motivation to do some physical exercise (which, let’s face it, is never) in the hope of losing some weight. Calories 123 practically everything that you can put in your mouth, which makes them impossible to avoid. So, rather than totally 124 delicious treats, it’s time to embrace them. So, starting with everyone’s favourite fast food restaurant, we’ve ranked some of the food on the McDonald’s menu 125 calories, so that you can indulge (纵情享受) with full disclosure. But a word of 126 : There is an extremely high chance that once reading this, you will desire everything on the McDonald’s menu-regardless of the calories. Hash Brown - 150 calories The hash browns look so 127 and harmless in their individual paper sleeves. But, hiding behind that crispy (脆的) appearance is a warm, soft center rich with calories and nearly 6% of your daily fat allowance. Small French Fries-250 calories The 128 of McDonald’s lies in its delicious french fries. The skinny potato chips have the ability to revive us from near death, but they come with a price: 250 calories for a small portion! A large portion will 129 510 calories! McChicken Hamburger-370 calories The McChicken Hamburger comes with lettuce, which provides a false sense of 130 , as our brain is programmed to see green salads as healthy, which they are, just not when combined with all fat mayo (蛋黄酱) and fried chicken. Chicken McNuggets–388 calories It is never easy to choose the portion size of Chicken McNuggets, six isn’t enough, nine is a little too many, and 24 is virtually impossible. 131 , learning the calorie difference between the portion sizes may help you make a decision. Six will cost you 270 calories, nine will claim 388 calories and 24 nuggets contain an enormous 1,140 calories. Sausage McMuffin with Egg-430 calories Breakfast is the most important meal of the day, so why not 132 yourself with the McDonald’s breakfast menu? Well, because a Sausage and Egg McMuffin will secretly drain 430 calories from your daily allowance before you have even 133 woken up. But, nothing beats McDonald’s to start a new day! Big Mac-560 calories The Big Mac is the comfort food we all 134 in times of need. Although, it would appear that it doesn’t quite support us as well as we thought, because hiding inside the tasty treat are 560 calories! Despite the knowledge that a quick trip to McDonald’s will burn through virtually your whole daily allowance of food 135 , we have no shame in admitting that it is our favourite place on Earth. We are certainly “Lovin’ It”! 121．A．easy-to-accept B．heart-warming C．less-known D．make-believe 122．A．notice B．purpose C．support D．strategy 123．A．rely on B．differ from C．filter out D．exist in 124．A．refuse B．prepare C．share D．deserve 125．A．for fear of B．in order of C．in contrast to D．without limitation on 126．A．complaint B．appreciation C．encouragement D．warning 127．A．tasteless B．strange C．innocent D．oily 128．A．failure B．magic C．history D．distribution 129．A．burn B．monitor C．claim D．restrict 130．A．security B．fullness C．happiness D．boredom 131．A．Otherwise B．Moreover C．However D．Similarly 132．A．behave B．spoil C．burden D．amuse 133．A．unhappily B．properly C．suddenly D．late 134．A．attend to B．glance at C．associate with D．turn to 135．A．intake B．shortage C．bill D．preparation Passage 10 Over the decades, some scientists have blamed higher rates of certain types of cancer and bone diseases on caffeine consumption, concluding that health risks are 136 to it. To date, however, there is no proof that caffeine causes these diseases. A number of other scientists believe that regular caffeine use causes 137 . Heavy caffeine users, they say, exhibit similar behaviors. For example, their moods swing from high to low, they get mild to severe headaches, or they feel tired or sad when they can’t have a caffeinated drink. To 138 or stop these feelings, users must consume caffeine — a behavior they say is characteristic of drug addiction. Despite these 139 , the general opinion in the scientific community is that caffeine is not dangerous when consumed in moderation. This means having one or two small cups of coffee (about 300ml) per day, for example. Furthermore, a lot of current research challenges 140 negative beliefs about caffeine. Some research even suggests that it may, 141 , have health benefits. For instance, studies have shown that caffeine can help ease muscle pain. Because it is a stimulant (兴奋剂), caffeine can also help improve one’s mood. Research has also shown that some caffeinated drinks — especially certain teas — have disease-fighting 142 that can help the body fight a number of illness, including certain type of cancer. In addition, as a type of mental stimulant, caffeine increases 143 , memory and reaction speed. Because it fights exhaustion, it 144 performance on tasks like driving, flying, and solving simple math problems. And while it is true that caffeine can increase blood pressure, the effect is usually temporary and therefore not 145 to cause heart trouble. This is especially true if caffeine is consumed in moderation. Moreover, despite its nearly universal use, caffeine has 146 been abused. “With caffeine, 147 tends to stop itself,” says Jack Bergman, a medical specialist. “If you consume too much, you get … uncomfortable, and you don’t want to continue.” Caffeine’s behavioral effects are real, but most often 148 . Getting that burst of energy, of course, is why many of the world’s most popular drinks 149 caffeine. Whether it’s a student drinking coffee before class or a businessperson enjoying tea with lunch, humankind’s favorite stimulant is 150 every day, all over the world. 136．A．added B．switched C．tied D．exposed 137．A．environmental issues B．physical dependence C．economic depression D．mental problems 138．A．reveal B．minimize C．challenge D．predict 139．A．concerns B．preferences C．staples D．sources 140．A．wrongly-written B．well-tested C．seldom-mentioned D．long-held 141．A．in conclusion B．in turn C．in brief D．in addition 142．A．objectives B．chemicals C．covers D．systems 143．A．curiosity B．imagination C．determination D．alertness 144．A．diversifies B．serves C．promotes D．shows 145．A．likely B．applicable C．essential D．ready 146．A．almost B．normally C．rarely D．traditionally 147．A．overrun B．overuse C．overweight D．overview 148．A．disposable B．amazing C．unattainable D．mild 149．A．remove B．contain C．decrease D．count 150．A．at work B．at ease C．at fault D．at risk 1 / 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$