考题猜想06 阅读理解说明文【精选名校试题】-2024-2025学年高一下期中考点大串讲（上海通用）

专题06 阅读理解之说明文（精选名校试题） 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 【来源】上海复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题 【来源】上海市华东师范大学第二附中2023-2024学年高一下期中英语试卷 【来源】上海市七宝中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中英语试题 【来源】上海市上海交通大学附属中学嘉定分校2023-2024学年高一下学期期中英语试卷 【来源】上海市普陀区宜川中学2023-2024学年高一下学期英语期中考试卷 【来源】上海市同济大学第二附属中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题 【来源】上海市七宝中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中英语试题 【来源】上海市行知中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题 【来源】上海市浦东新区2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题 【来源】上海市位育中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中英语试卷 Passage 1 Trees are magicians with carbon, pulling it out of the air at remarkable rates to store it in their bodies. They are so good at removing this greenhouse gas that “planting trees” is often synonymous with doing environmental good. And lots of people are planting trees. The number of tree-planting organizations has grown by almost 300 percent in the past 30 years, according to a 2021 paper in the journal Biological Conservation. But while tree planting can capture a great amount of carbon, it is hardly a silver bullet for the climate crisis — express estimate that even if we maximized our available lands for trees, this alone would not be enough to counteract carbon emissions caused by humans. Plus, many plantations grow the same few species in monocultures, which can hurt local biodiversity. The minority of tree plantations are set up with carbon capture solely, or even primarily in mind, says Jacob Bukoski, a forestry scientist at Oregon State University. Most trees are planted with the goal of harvesting timber or wood pulp (木浆) for paper. Tree-planting organizations are more likely to create plantations for commercial reasons, the authors of the 2021 paper also note, rather than for biodiversity or carbon capture. In forestry, there’s a saying that you have to plant “the right tree in the right place, for the right reason.” But when many tree plantations are established for commercial purposes, the tree that is planted is often not the “right” tree, says Jesús Aguirre-Gutiérrez, an ecologist at the Environmental Change Institute at the University of Oxford. In a paper published recently in the journal Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Aguirre-Gutiérrez and colleagues argue that focusing on the goal of carbon removal by natural process causes organizations to ignore the importance of restoring balanced ecosystems. The result is a collection of trees that do not support local organisms or promote biodiversity in the way native plant species would have. These problems deserve particular notice in tropical areas where land is vast, and conditions such as stable temperatures and high humidity promote tree growth, as ignoring them while planting trees is damaging. When plantations increased the woody cover of the Brazilian savannah by 40 percent, this “resulted in an about 30 percent reduction in the diversity of plants and ants,” Aguirre-Gutiérrez and his co-authors write in the new paper. Aguirre-Gutiérrez doesn’t want to discourage people from growing more trees, he says. Rather, we need a better way to protect the natural ecosystems and species there, like encouraging the restoration of native forest tree species. Local plants will be “better adapted to the conditions” in these environments, he says, which means they, and nearby species, are more likely to thrive. “If we go in that direction, that will bring us the added value of capturing carbon, but also this sustainability.” 1．Experts are concerned about tree plantation to reduce greenhouse partly because ______. A．the number of tree-planting organizations is growing too fast. B．the speed of tree planting falls far behind that of carbon emission. C．the selection of species in tree planting can harm local biodiversity. D．the land available to plant trees is not fully explored and developed. 2．In paragraph 4, “the right reason” refers to ______. A．mass plantation of carbon-absorbing trees B．biodiversity preservation with local species C．harvest of timber or wood pulp for paper D．tree plantation for commercial purposes 3．Why does the author mention “Brazilian savannah” in paragraph 5? A．To show the benefits of planting trees in tropical areas B．To illustrate the vastness and eco-diversity of tropical areas C．To highlight the negative impact of planting trees in tropical areas D．To discourage people from randomly planting trees in tropical areas 4．Which of the following statements will Aguirre-Gutiérrez most likely approve of? A．People and organizations should plant as many trees as they can to capture carbon. B．Plants in tropical areas can thrive better due to its vast land and agreeable climate. C．Preserving biodiversity plays a more sustainable role than capturing carbon only. D．Tree plantation organizations are irresponsible and focus only on making profits. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。专家们对植树造林减少温室效应表示担忧，因为即使我们最大限度地利用我们的可用土地种植树木，单凭这一点也不足以抵消人类造成的碳排放。此外，许多种植园在单一栽培中种植相同的几种物种，这可能会损害当地的生物多样性。文章对此进行了介绍。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Plus, many plantations grow the same few species in monocultures, which can hurt local biodiversity.(此外，许多种植园在单一栽培中种植相同的几种物种，这可能会损害当地的生物多样性。)”可知，专家们对植树造林减少温室效应表示担忧的部分原因是植树造林的物种选择会损害当地的生物多样性。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段最后一句“Tree-planting organizations are more likely to create plantations for commercial reasons, the authors of the 2021 paper also note, rather than for biodiversity or carbon capture.(2021年那篇论文的作者还指出，植树组织更有可能出于商业原因建立种植园，而不是为了生物多样性或碳捕获。)”可知，the right reason是指“保护本地物种的生物多样性”。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段前三句“In a paper published recently in the journal Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Aguirre-Gutiérrez and colleagues argue that focusing on the goal of carbon removal by natural process causes organizations to ignore the importance of restoring balanced ecosystems. The result is a collection of trees that do not support local organisms or promote biodiversity in the way native plant species would have. These problems deserve particular notice in tropical areas where land is vast, and conditions such as stable temperatures and high humidity promote tree growth, as ignoring them while planting trees is damaging.(在最近发表在《生态与进化趋势》杂志上的一篇论文中，Aguirre-Gutiérrez和他的同事认为，专注于通过自然过程去除碳的目标会导致组织忽视恢复平衡生态系统的重要性。其结果是，这些树木既不能支持当地生物，也不能像本地植物那样促进生物多样性。在热带地区，这些问题值得特别注意，因为那里土地辽阔，温度稳定、湿度高的条件促进了树木的生长，而在植树时忽视这些问题是有害的。)”可知，作者在第5段提到巴西大草原是为了劝阻人们不要在热带地区随意植树。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“In a paper published recently in the journal Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Aguirre-Gutiérrez and colleagues argue that focusing on the goal of carbon removal by natural process causes organizations to ignore the importance of restoring balanced ecosystems.(在最近发表在《生态与进化趋势》杂志上的一篇论文中，Aguirre-Gutiérrez和他的同事认为，专注于通过自然过程去除碳的目标会导致组织忽视恢复平衡生态系统的重要性。)”可知，Aguirre-Gutiérrez最有可能认同“保护生物多样性比仅仅捕获碳具有更可持续的作用”的观点。故选C。 Passage 2 The life of a journalist can be exciting. To be in constant pursuit of the latest news demands a curiosity that can only be rewarded by getting to “where it is happening” as soon as possible. The goal, of course, is to relate what is happening to the public as clearly as possible. However, every journalist must be careful to report not only a vivid picture of what is happening, but a true picture. Each journalist reports his or her own version of what has taken place. Still, this version must be an actual account if the reporter is to maintain a reliable reputation. In order to get to the truth in some new stories, a reporter must rely on the statements of someone who is on the inside of the situation. Often this insider will only talk to a reporter if the reporter promises never to reveal the insider’s name. The insider usually threatens never to admit meeting with the reporter if his or her name is revealed. Because stories of this nature often involve criminal activity, reporting them becomes a dangerous job. This kind of work involved in obtaining news in this summer serves as an inviting situation for the underworld as well as the legal world. Members of the underworld want to find out who the insider is so that they can keep him or her quiet. Members of the legal world claim that the reporter will disturb justice if he or she fails to disclose the insider’s name. Rather than be unaccountable to a trusted informant, most reporters will go to jail if need be. Freedom of the press is provided by the First Amendment of the Constitution of the United States. Impure interpretations of this portion of the constitution cause a small number of reporters to be jailed every year. However, as yet, no amount of legal maneuvering (操纵) has been able to put out this light of freedom set up by our forefathers. All of the reporters refusing to reveal the names of their informants have eventually been released. Devotion of this kind has given journalism its reputation for reliability — a reliability that each journalist is expected to uphold in his or her search for truth. Supplying a truthful account of each day’s occurrence is the serious contract made between reporter and the public. 5．According to the passage, those who give inside information ________. A．are usually under police protection B．do not want their names made public C．are on rare occasions on good terms with reliable reporter D．often have difficulty in protecting their lives 6．Judging by the context, the word “inviting” in paragraph 4 can be replaced by _____. A．scheming B．unknowing C．stirring D．tempting 7．Some reporters are put into prison mainly because ________. A．the courts sometimes misinterpret the First Amendment of the Constitution B．they get inside stories by dishonest means C．they are against the First Amendment of the Constitution D．there is no law in the United States to protect freedom of the press 8．The author implies in the passage that a reliable reporter ________. A．seldom follows the First Amendment of the Constitution of the United States B．should be diligent, clever and inventive C．must provide the public with a truthful account as clearly as possible D．must try every means to satisfy the public’s curiosity 【答案】5．B 6．D 7．A 8．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了作为一名记者，尽管令人兴奋，但每个记者都必须注意生动地报道所发生的事情。此外，他们后面应该有一幅真实的画面。记者必须依靠在场人员的陈述，才能了解一些新闻报道的真相。正是奉献精神使新闻业以可靠性著称。 5．细节理解题。文章第三段讲到“Often this insider will only talk to a reporter if the reporter promises never to reveal the insider’s name. The insider usually threatens never to admit meeting with the reporter if his or her name is revealed. (通常情况下，只有在记者承诺绝不透露知情人姓名的情况下，知情人才会与记者交谈。知情人通常威胁说，如果他或她的名字被披露，他或她永远不会承认与记者见面)”可知，根据这篇文章，提供内幕消息的人不希望他们的名字被公开。故选B。 6．词义猜测题。文章第四段inviting下文讲到“Members of the underworld want to find out who the insider is so that they can keep him or her quiet. Members of the legal world claim that the reporter will disturb justice if he or she fails to disclose the insider’s name. (黑社会的成员想知道知情人是谁，这样他们就可以让他或她保持沉默。法律界的成员声称，如果记者不披露知情者的姓名，他或她将扰乱司法公正。)”可知，黑社会和法律界都想知道知情人是谁，这对他们很有吸引力。因此。第四段中的“inviting”一词的意思是“诱人的,吸引人的”，可以用tempting“吸引人的”来替换。故选D。 7．细节理解题。文章倒数第二段讲到“Impure interpretations of this portion of the constitution cause a small number of reporters to be jailed every year (对宪法这一部分的不公正解释每年都会导致少数记者入狱)”可知，有些记者被关进监狱主要是因为法院有时会曲解宪法第一修正案。故选A。 8．推理判断题。文章最后一段讲到“Devotion of this kind has given journalism its reputation for reliability—a reliability that each journalist is expected to uphold in his or her search for truth. Supplying a truthful account of each day’s occurrence is the serious contract made between reporter and the public (这种奉献精神让新闻业赢得了可靠的声誉—这种可靠性是每个记者在寻求真相时都应该坚持的。如实报道每天发生的事情是记者和公众之间的严肃契约)”可知，作者在文章中暗示，一个可靠的记者必须尽可能清楚地向公众提供真实的解释。故选C。 Passage 3 Tiredness May Lead to Snacking Staying up late doing homework is always tiring. Perhaps when we are tired, we feel the need to eat unhealthy snack food. Recently scientists have been investigating tiredness and snack food. According to a study in the Journal of Neuroscience, people are more likely to crave snacks when they don’t get enough sleep. For the study, researchers from University of Cologne in Germany gave the same dinner to 32 healthy men aged between 19 and 33. Half of the men were then sent home to bed, and the other half were kept aware in the laboratory all night. The next morning, the participants were asked to consider how much they would be willing to pay for snack food items shown to them in pictures. According to the researchers, all were similarly hungry in the morning, and had similar levels of most hormones and blood sugar. However, brain scans showed that when the sleep-deprived participants looked at the pictures of junk food, they released more of the “hunger hormone”. This is the hormone responsible for increasing the appetite, and making us consume more. Asked about how much they would pay for snacks, “participants with sleep deprivation were more willing to overspend on food items than those with a good night’s sleep,” researchers said. Researchers also observed that among the people who hadn’t slept, there was greater activity in the part of the brain where food rewards are processed. Scientists think that sleep-deprived people experience changes to the hunger hormone and the brain’s reward system that leads to a stronger desire to eat snacks with high fat and calories. “This brings us a little closer to understanding the mechanism behind how sleep deprivation changes food valuation,” Professor Jan Peters, a co-author of the study from the University of Cologne, told The Independent.Kill the craving Listen to some soft music to relieve your tiredness. Do some slight exercise for a short time when you’re tired. Eat yogurt or fruits to replace snacks with high fat and calories. Distance yourself from the craving. 9．People are more likely to crave snacks if they don’t get enough sleep because they ______. A．have high levels of most hormones and blood sugar B．release more of the “hunger hormone”, making them consumer more C．are extremely hungry in the morning D．are attracted by the snack food items in the pictures 10．Which of the statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage? A．Hunger hormone can increase people’s appetite and let them eat more food. B．Participants without sleep deprivation may spend less on food items. C．The brain’s reward system will lead to craving snack food. D．Greater activity will appear in certain part of the brain among those who sleep well. 11．Which of the following way is most likely to help you kill the craving? A．Listening to Rock & Roll. B．Walking out for while. C．Ordering a McDonald’s Big Mac. D．Drinking black coffee. 【答案】9．B 10．D 11．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了疲劳可能导致吃零食。 9．细节理解题。由文章第六段“However, brain scans showed that when the sleep-deprived participants looked at the pictures of junk food, they released more of the “hunger hormone”. This is the hormone responsible for increasing the appetite, and making us consume more. (然而，脑部扫描显示，当睡眠不足的参与者看到垃圾食品的图片时，他们释放出更多的“饥饿激素”。这种激素会增加食欲，让我们吃得更多)”可知，如果睡眠不足，人们更有可能渴望零食，因为他们释放更多的“饥饿激素”，使他们吃得更多。故选B。 10．细节理解题。由文章第六段“However, brain scans showed that when the sleep-deprived participants looked at the pictures of junk food, they released more of the “hunger hormone”. This is the hormone responsible for increasing the appetite, and making us consume more. (然而，脑部扫描显示，当睡眠不足的参与者看到垃圾食品的图片时，他们释放出更多的“饥饿激素”。这种激素会增加食欲，让我们吃得更多)”可知，人们更有可能渴望零食，因为他们释放更多的“饥饿激素”，使他们吃得更多，A项正确。第七段“Asked about how much they would pay for snacks, “participants with sleep deprivation were more willing to overspend on food items than those with a good night’s sleep,” researchers said.(当被问及他们愿意花多少钱买零食时，研究人员说：“睡眠不足的参与者比那些晚上睡得好的人更愿意在食物上多花钱。”)”可知，没有睡眠不足的参与者可能会在食物上花费更少，B项正确。第八段“Researchers also observed that among the people who hadn’t slept, there was greater activity in the part of the brain where food rewards are processed.(研究人员还观察到，在那些没有睡觉的人中，大脑中处理食物奖励的部分活动更活跃。)”可知，大脑的奖励系统会导致对零食的渴望，C项正确。倒数第三段“Researchers also observed  that among the people who hadn’t slept, there was greater activity in  the part of the brain where food rewards are processed.(研究人员还观察到，在那些没有睡觉的人中，大脑中处理食物奖励的部分活动更活跃)”可知，D项“那些睡眠良好的人大脑的某些部分会更活跃”与原文不符。故选D。 11．推理判断题。由文章Kill the craving部分中“Do some slight exercise for a short time when you’re tired. (当你累的时候，做一些短时间的轻微运动。)”和“Distance yourself from the craving. (让自己远离这种渴望)”可知，走出去一段时间最有可能帮助你消除欲望。故选B。 Passage 4 Open data-sharers are still in the minority in many fields. Although many researchers broadly agree that public access to raw data would accelerate science, most are reluctant to post the results of their own labours online. Some communities have agreed to share online - geneticists, for example, post DNA sequences at the GenBank repository (库), and astronomers are accustomed to accessing images of galaxies and stars from, say, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a telescope that has observed some 500 million objects- but these remain the exception, not the rule. Historically, scientists have objected to sharing for many reasons: it is a lot of work; until recently, good databases did not exist; grant funders were not pushing for sharing; it has been difficult to agree on standards for formatting data and there is no agreed way to assign credit for data. But the barriers are disappearing in part because journals and funding agencies worldwide are encouraging scientists to make their data public. Last year, the Roval Society in London said in its report Science as an Open Enterprise that scientists need to shift away from a research culture where data is viewed as private preserve. Funding agencies note that data paid for with public money should be public information, and the scientific community is recognizing that data can now be shared digitally in ways that were not possible before. To match the growing demand, services are springing up to make it easier to publish research products online and enable other researchers to discover and cite them. Although calls to share data often concentrate on the moral advantages of sharing, the practice is not purely altruistic (利他主义的). Researchers who share get plenty of personal benefits, including more connections with colleagues, improved visibility and increased citations. I he most successful sharers-those whose data are downloaded and cited the most often-get noticed, and their work gets used. For example, one of the most popular data sets on multidisciplinary repository Dryad is about wood density around the world; it has been downloaded 5, 700 times. Co-author Amy Zanne thinks that users probably range from climate- change researchers wanting to estimate how much carbon is stored in biomass, to foresters looking for information on different grades of timber. “I would much prefer to have my data used by the maximum number of people to ask their own questions, ” she says. “It’s important to allow readers and reviewers to see exactly how you arrive at your results. Publishing data and code allows your science to be reproducible” Even people whose data are less popular can benefit. By making the effort to organize and label files so others can understand them, scientists become more organized and better disciplined themselves, thus avoiding confusion later on. 12．What do many researchers generally accept? A．It is necessary to protect scientists’ patents. B．Repositories are essential to scientific research. C．Open data sharing promotes scientific advancement. D．Open data sharing is most important to medical science. 13．According to the passage, what might be an obstacle to open data sharing? A．The fear of massive copying. B．The belief that data is private intellectual property. C．The lack of a research culture. D．The concern that certain agencies may make a profit out of it. 14．What helps lift some of the barriers to open data sharing? A．The ever-growing demand for big data. B．The changing attitude of journals and funders. C．The advantage of digital technology. D．The trend of social and economic development. 15．Dryad serves as an example to show how open data sharing ________. A．is becoming increasingly popular B．benefits shares and users alike C．makes researchers successful D．saves both money and labor 【答案】12．D 13．B 14．B 15．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了开放数据共享的重要性及人们对此的态度。 12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Although many researchers broadly agree that public access to raw data would accelerate science, most are reluctant to post the results of their own labours online. (尽管许多研究人员普遍认为，公开原始数据将加速科学发展，但大多数人都不愿将自己的研究成果发布到网上。)”可知，许多研究人员普遍接受开放数据共享有利于科学进步。故选D。 13．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Historically, scientists have objected to sharing for many reasons: it is a lot of work; until recently, good databases did not exist; grant funders were not pushing for sharing; it has been difficult to agree on standards for formatting data and there is no agreed way to assign credit for data. (从历史上看，科学家们反对共享的原因有很多：这需要大量的工作；直到最近，还不存在好的数据库；资助人并没有推动分享；很难就格式化数据的标准达成一致，也没有一致同意的方式来分配数据的功劳。)”可知，相信研究数据是私人知识产权可能阻碍开放数据共享。故选B。 14．细节理解题。根据第三段中“But the barriers are disappearing in part because journals and funding agencies worldwide are encouraging scientists to make their data public. (但障碍正在消失，部分原因是全球期刊和资助机构鼓励科学家公开他们的数据。)”可知，期刊和资助者态度的变化有助于解除开放数据共享的一些障碍。故选B。 15．推理判断题。根据第四段中“For example, one of the most popular data sets on multidisciplinary repository Dryad is about wood density around the world; it has been downloaded 5, 700 times.Co-author Amy Zanne thinks that users probably range from climate- change researchers wanting to estimate how much carbon is stored in biomass, to foresters looking for information on different grades of timber. “I would much prefer to have my data used by the maximum number of people to ask their own questions, ” she says. “It’s important to allow readers and reviewers to see exactly how you arrive at your results. Publishing data and code allows your science to be reproducible” (例如，多学科知识库Dryad上最受欢迎的数据集之一是关于世界各地木材密度的；它已经被下载了5700次。合著者Amy Zanne认为，用户可能包括想要估计生物质中储存了多少碳的气候变化研究人员，以及寻找不同等级木材信息的森林管理员。她说:“我更希望让尽可能多的人使用我的数据来问他们自己的问题。”“让读者和审稿人确切地看到你是如何得出结果的，这一点很重要。发布数据和代码可以让你的科学研究具有可重复性。”)”可知，Dryad就是一个例子，展示了开放数据共享如何使共享者和用户受益。故选B。 Passage 5 Attachment Parenting is not Indulgent (纵容) Parenting. Attachment parents do not “spoil” their children. Spoiling is done when a child is given everything that they want regardless of what they need and what is practical. Indulgent parents give toys for tantrums (发脾气), ice cream for breakfast. Attachment parents don’t give their children everything they want, they give their children everything that they need. Attachment parents believe that love and comfort are free and necessary. Not sweets or toys. Attachment Parenting is not “afraid of tears” parenting. Our kids cry and have tantrums sometimes, of course. But they do this because their emotions are so strong that they need to get them out. They simply expect us to listen to them. We pick up our babies when they cry, and we respond to the tears of our older children because we believe firmly that comfort is free, love is free, and that when a child is in need of comfort and love, it is our job to provide these things. Attachment Parenting is not Clingy Parenting. I do not cling (抓紧) to my children. In fact, I’m pretty free-range. As soon as they can move, they usually move away from me. Sure, I carry them and hug them and chase them and kiss them and rock them and sleep with them. But this is not me following them everywhere and pulling them back to me. This is me being a home base. Attachment Parenting is not Helicopter Parenting. I don’t hover. I supervise (监督). I follow, I teach, I demonstrate, I explain. I don’t slap (拍，打) curious hands away. I show how to do things safely. I let my child do what he wishes to do, first with help and then with supervision and finally with trust. I don’t insist that my 23-month-old hold my hand when we walk on the sidewalk because I know that I can recall him with my voice because he trusts me to allow him to explore and he trusts me to explain when something is dangerous and to help him satisfy his curiosities safely. Most of the negative things that I hear about “Attachment Parents” are completely off-base and describe something that is entirely unlike Attachment-Parenting. Attachment Parenting is child-centered and focuses on the needs of the child. Attachment Parents simply believe that children are taught, not trained. 16．According to the author, what should parents do when their kids cry? A．Reward them with toys. B．Try to stop them crying. C．Provide comfort and love to them. D．Hold them tight in their arms. 17．What does “free-range” (in Para.3) refer to according to the passage? A．The author’s providing of a home base. B．The author’s readiness to play games with their kids. C．The author’s being curious about watching the games they play. D．The author’s willingness to give their kids freedom of movement. 18．Which of the following is NOT Attachment Parenting? A．Encouraging your child’s curiosity. B．Always standing by to protect your child. C．Helping your child to do the right thing. D．Showing your child how things are done. 19．What does the passage mainly discuss? A．A certain type of parenting B．Parent-child relationships. C．How to bring out love in children. D．How to build children’s self-confidence. 【答案】16．C 17．D 18．B 19．A 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，本文作者结合自身的育儿经历介绍了一种特定的育儿方法——“依恋育儿”法。 16．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“They simply expect us to listen to them. We pick up our babies when they cry, and we respond to the tears of our older children because we believe firmly that comfort is free, love is free, and that when a child is in need of comfort and love, it is our job to provide these things.(他们只是希望我们听他们的。当婴儿哭泣时，我们会抱起他们，我们会回应大孩子的眼泪，因为我们坚信，安慰是免费的，爱是免费的，当孩子需要安慰和爱时，我们的工作就是提供这些东西)”可知，根据作者的观点，当孩子们哭泣时，父母应该给他们安慰和爱。故选C。 17．词义猜测题。根据第三段free-range前文“Attachment Parenting is not Clingy Parenting. I do not cling(抓紧) to my children.(依恋育儿不是贴紧育儿。我不依附于我的孩子)”及后文“As soon as they can move, they usually move away from me. Sure, I carry them and hug them and chase them and kiss them and rock them and sleep with them. But this is not me following them everywhere and pulling them back to me. This is me being a home base.(只要他们能动，通常就会远离我。当然，我抱着他们，拥抱他们，追逐他们，亲吻他们，摇晃他们，和他们一起睡觉。但这不是我到处跟着他们然后把他们拉回来。这是我扮演一个家庭大本营的角色)”可知，作者给予孩子们想要的自由活动空间，因此，free-range表示“作者愿意给他们的孩子自由行动”。故选D。 18．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Attachment Parenting is not Helicopter Parenting. I don’t hover.(依恋育儿不是直升机育儿。我从不徘徊)”及“ I don’t insist that my 23-month-old hold my hand when we walk on the sidewalk because I know that I can recall him with my voice because he trusts me to allow him to explore and he trusts me to explain when something is dangerous and to help him satisfy his curiosities safely.(当我们走在人行道上时，我不会坚持让我23个月大的孩子牵着我的手，因为我知道我可以用我的声音回忆起他，因为他相信我允许他去探索，他相信我在危险的时候解释，并帮助他安全地满足他的好奇心)”可知，作者认为随时准备保护孩子的行为不是依恋育儿。故选B。 19．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Attachment Parenting is child-centered and focuses on the needs of the child. Attachment Parents simply believe that children are taught, not trained.(依恋育儿法以孩子为中心，关注孩子的需要。父母只是认为孩子是被教导的，而不是被训练的)”及文章中反复出现的“Attachment Parenting”可知，本文作者结合自身的育儿经历介绍了一种特定的育儿方法——“依恋育儿”法。故选A。 Passage 6 ChatGPT, as a large language model, learned to generate human-like text based on a given context. It can do most of the text-generation tasks that involve natural language for communication. Examples of these tasks are text completion (e.g. email and report writing), paraphrasing, text summarization, machine translation, and question-answering. In addition, it can also be used for conversational AI applications, such as chatbots and virtual assistants. While the ChatGPT platform has a wide range of applications related to text generation, outputs should be evaluated critically and used with caution, as they may contain false, biased, or outdated information. The use of homework aids in higher education is not new. For years, students have used sites like Quizlet to cut comers as they complete homework assignments or take online quizzes. In response, teachers have had to adapt to these challenges and design assessments that can avoid the use of these tools. I view ChatGPT in the same light. Essentially, ChatGPT collects information readily available online to form a response to a given prompt (提示). The AI has no capacity for critical thinking and often misses the mark whenever a prompt requires any critical or abstract thinking If university teachers want to avoid the threat of ChatGPT, then perhaps the strictness of their assignments needs to be increased. While there are many concerns that ChatGPT harms academic assessment, it and better versions may force us to shift our curriculum to higher levels of critical thinking. Beyond this, we may discover ways it can be used to enhance the learning process. If students focus on advanced aspects of their schoolwork, chatbots could assist with more menial (微不足道的) educational tasks. For example, some instructors are experimenting with new forms of student engagement, including project-based learning. Perhaps a chatbot could be used to brainstorm on these projects. Learning effectiveness could be enhanced by customizing the learning process at an individual level to better match a diversified student body. 20．What’s the common point between ChatGPT and Quizlet according to the passage? A．They should both be assessed objectively and used carefully. B．They are both widely used by teachers, instructors and faculty. C．They are both sites provided for students to take an online quiz. D．They can both help students take a shortcut when doing homework. 21．What’s the main drawback of ChatGPT according to the passage? A．It can only be used for traditional AI applications. B．It’s not accurate or unbiased enough when generating text. C．It cannot the level of critical thinking as high as that of humans. D．It cannot be widely used in higher education or diversified learning. 22．What’s the new challenge that teachers are facing with the rise of ChatGPT? A．They have to meet the diversified demands of students. B．They have to deal with the cheating problem of students. C．They have to design more strict and precise assignments. D．They have to make the class more effective through advanced techs. 23．The author holds a(an) ________ attitude towards the emergence of ChatGPT. A．indifferent B．critical C．objective D．supportive 【答案】20．D 21．C 22．C 23．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了ChatGPT的主要功能以及优缺点。 20．细节理解题。根据第三段“The use of homework aids in higher education is not new. For years, students have used sites like Quizlet to cut comers as they complete homework assignments or take online quizzes. In response, teachers have had to adapt to these challenges and design assessments that can avoid the use of these tools.(在高等教育中使用家庭作业辅助工具并不新鲜。多年来，学生们一直使用Quizlet等网站来完成家庭作业或参加在线测验。作为回应，教师必须适应这些挑战，并设计可以避免使用这些工具的评估)”以及第四段“I view ChatGPT in the same light. Essentially, ChatGPT collects information readily available online to form a response to a given prompt (提示). The AI has no capacity for critical thinking and often misses the mark whenever a prompt requires any critical or abstract thinking. If university teachers want to avoid the threat of ChatGPT, then perhaps the strictness of their assignments needs to be increased.(我以同样的眼光看待ChatGPT。从本质上讲，ChatGPT收集随时可用的在线信息，以形成对给定提示的响应。人工智能没有批判性思维的能力，每当提示需要任何批判性或抽象思维时，它往往会错过标记。如果大学教师想要避免ChatGPT的威胁，那么也许他们需要增加作业的严格性)”可知，ChatGPT和Quizlet的共同点是都可以帮助学生在做作业时走捷径。故选D。 21．推理判断题。根据第四段“Essentially, ChatGPT collects information readily available online to form a response to a given prompt (提示). The AI has no capacity for critical thinking and often misses the mark whenever a prompt requires any critical or abstract thinking.(从本质上讲，ChatGPT收集在线上随时可用的信息，以形成对给定提示的响应。人工智能没有批判性思维的能力，每当提示需要任何批判性或抽象思维时，它往往会错过标记)”可推知，ChatGPT的主要缺点是它的批判性思维水平不可能像人类那么高。故选C。 22．细节理解题。根据第四段“If university teachers want to avoid the threat of ChatGPT, then perhaps the strictness of their assignments needs to be increased.(如果大学教师想要避免ChatGPT的威胁，那么也许他们需要增加作业的严格性)”可知，随着ChatGPT的兴起，教师面临的新挑战是他们必须设计更严格和精确的作业。故选C。 23．推理判断题。根据第二段“While the ChatGPT platform has a wide range of applications related to text generation, outputs should be evaluated critically and used with caution, as they may contain false, biased, or outdated information.(虽然ChatGPT平台具有广泛的与文本生成相关的应用程序，但应严格评估输出并谨慎使用，因为它们可能包含错误、有偏见或过时的信息)”以及最后一段“Beyond this, we may discover ways it can be used to enhance the learning process. If students focus on advanced aspects of their schoolwork, chatbots could assist with more menial (微不足道的) educational tasks. For example, some instructors are experimenting with new forms of student engagement, including project-based learning. Perhaps a chatbot could be used to brainstorm on these projects.(除此之外，我们可能会发现它可以用来增强学习过程的方法。如果学生专注于学业的高级部分，聊天机器人可以帮助完成更低级的教育任务。例如，一些教师正在试验新的学生参与形式，包括基于项目的学习。也许聊天机器人可以用来对这些项目进行头脑风暴)”可知，作者列举了ChatGPT优点和缺点，所以对ChatGPT的出现持客观态度。故选C。 Passage 7 There are few shirts in football as celebrated as the Manchester United No. 7, a grand tradition that is generally considered to go all the way back to George Best. The reality, though, is a little more complex. At Manchester United, the No. 7 clearly means something to supporters and the club itself. From Best to Ronaldo, this is the story of United’s No. 7 shirt. George Best played in the days before permanent squad numbers, when it wasn’t uncommon for footballers to wear multiple numbers in the same season. Best certainly did wear the No. 7 on occasion, most famously during the 1968 European Cup final victory over Benfica, but he didn’t actually wear it particularly often — only in 30 per cent of his Manchester United games. The idea that Best started United’s grand history of the No. 7 shirt isn’t entirely unfair, but Best himself evidently didn’t actually care. Another United Legend, Eric Cantona did care — although he played a variety of numbers during his days in France, he insisted on wearing the No. 7 shirt at United. So it was Eric Cantona, rather than Best, who really made the No. 7 iconic at Manchester United. It was rare to see that number being worn by a forward, instead of a midfielder, but that somehow fitted into the aura of Cantona: a player who interpreted his role in an unusual way. When Cantona left, Alex Ferguson decided to honour David Beckham with the No. 7 at his request. As a right-sided midfielder, Beckham fitted the No. 7 perfectly. He became so associated with the number that he incorporated it into his own fashion brand known as DB07. He enjoyed six years with the No. 7 shirt until his move to Real Madrid. Upon Beckham’s departure in 2003, United signed the perfect replacement as No. 7 — Cristiano Ronald. Ronaldo played on the right of midfield, so the shirt number made sense, although he had initially requested No. 28. However, Ferguson insisted on him taking No. 7. It proved a fine decision. Not only did Ronaldo shine on the pitch, but he also replicated Beckham by incorporating the number into a fashion range: CR7. After Ronald’s transfer to Real Madrid and Ferguson’s retirement, it became clear that United, a club increasingly’ obsessed with branding, wanted to further the legacy and history of the No.7. However, then there was a period when no one seemed to want it. To fill the huge gap left by Ronald’s departure, to be frank, is always something extremely challenging. And whoever comes next must be a confident player who is happy to invite that added scrutiny. 24．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The number 7 in the football world is usually worn by a forward player. B．George Best often wore the No. 7 during his time at Manchester United. C．In 1960s, players started to wear fixed numbers during the same season. D．Eric Cantona truly helped United’s No. 7 become a famous sporting icon. 25．Which of the following is Not one of the similarities between Beckham and Ronald? A．Both of them have played for Manchester United and Real Madrid in their career. B．They each have successfully created a fashion brand related to their No. 7 shirt. C．Neither of them has voluntarily asked their coach Sir Alex for the No.7 shirt. D．When representing United, they played the same position on the football pitch. 26．None of the players wanted to wear the No. 7 shirt after Ronald probably because ______. A．the value of United’s No.7 has been decreasing significantly B．United has shifted attention from football to gaining commercial success C．the pressure brought by fans’ heightened expectation is overwhelming D．Sir Alex Ferguson has officially retried from the football world 27．What might be the best title for the passage? A．The Story of Great Players. B．The Legendary Number. C．Who’s the Next United’s No.7? D．Glory Glory Man United. 【答案】24．D 25．C 26．C 27．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了曼联足球俱乐部的7号球衣传统。从乔治·贝斯特到克里斯蒂亚诺·罗纳尔多，7号球衣在曼联历史上的重要性。 24．细节理解题。根据第四段中“So it was Eric Cantona, rather than Best, who really made the No. 7 iconic at Manchester United.(因此，真正让7号成为曼联标志性球衣的是埃里克·坎通纳，而不是贝斯特)”可知，埃里克·坎通纳帮助7号球衣成为了著名的体育标志是正确的表述。故选D项。 25．细节理解题。根据第五段中“When Cantona left, Alex Ferguson decided to honour David Beckham with the No. 7 at his request.(当坎通纳离开的时候，弗格森在贝克汉姆的要求下决定给他穿上7号球衣)”和第六段中“Upon Beckham’s departure in 2003, United signed the perfect replacement as No. 7 — Cristiano Ronald. Ronaldo played on the right of midfield, so the shirt number made sense, although he had initially requested No. 28. (2003年贝克汉姆离开后，曼联签下了7号的完美替代者——克里斯蒂亚诺·罗纳尔多。C罗踢的是右中场，所以球衣号码是合理的，尽管他最初要求穿28号)”可知，贝克汉姆主动要求穿7号球衣，而C罗没有主动要求。所以他们两人都没有主动要求穿上7号球衣不是贝克汉姆和罗纳德之间的相似之处。故选C项。 26．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“However, then there was a period when no one seemed to want it. To fill the huge gap left by Ronald’s departure, to be frank, is always something extremely challenging. And whoever comes next must be a confident player who is happy to invite that added scrutiny.(然而，有一段时间，似乎没有人想穿它。坦白地说，填补C罗离开后留下的巨大空缺一直是一件极具挑战性的事情。无论谁成为下一个，都必须是一个自信的球员，乐于接受额外的审视)”可知，C罗之后，没有球员想穿7号球衣是因为球迷的高期望带来的压力是压倒性的。故选C项。 27．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段中“At Manchester United, the No. 7 clearly means something to supporters and the club itself. From Best to Ronaldo, this is the story of United’s No. 7 shirt.(在曼联，7号显然对球迷和俱乐部本身都有意义。从贝斯特到C罗，这就是曼联7号球衣的故事)”和下文可知，文章追溯了穿过这个号码的伟大球员的血统，从乔治·贝斯特到克里斯蒂亚诺·罗纳尔多，强调了他们的贡献以及与球衣相关的文化影响。突显了曼联7号球衣的历史意义和标志性地位展开。故“传奇数字”这一标题简洁地抓住了文章的精髓，重点关注了曼联历史背景下7号球衣的传奇地位，是文章最佳标题。故选B项。 Passage 8 ①We have a problem, and the strange thing is that we not only know about it but also celebrate it. Just today, someone boasted to me that she was so busy she’s averaged four hours of sleep a night for the last two weeks. She wasn’t complaining; she was proud of the fact. She is not alone. ②Why are typically rational (理智的) people so irrational in their behavior? The answer is that we’re in the midst of a bubble. I call it “The More Bubble.” ③The nature of bubbles is that something is absurdly overvalued until-eventually-the bubble bursts, and we’re left wondering why we were so irrationally animated in the first place. The thing we’re overvaluing now is the opinion of doing it all, having it all, achieving it all. ④This bubble is being enabled by a combination of three powerful trends: smart phones, social media, and extreme consumerism. The result is not just information overload, but opinion overload. We are more aware than at any time in history of what everyone else is doing and therefore, what we should be doing. In the process, we have been sold a bill of goods: that success means being supermen and superwomen who can get it all done. Of course we boasted about being busy—it’s code for being successful and important. ⑤And our answer to the problem of more is always more. We need more technology to help us create more technologies. We need to shift our workload to free up our own time to do yet even more. ⑥Luckily, there is a solution to the pursuit of more: the pursuit of less, but better. A growing number of people are making this change. I call these people Essentialists. ⑦These people are designing their lives around what is essential and removing everything else. These people arrange to have actual weekends (during which they are not working). They create technology-free zones in their homes. They trade time on Facebook with calling those few friends who really matter to them. Instead of running to different meetings, they put space on their calendars to get important work done. ⑧So we have two choices: we can be among the last people caught up in “The More Bubble” or we can join the growing community of Essentialists and get more of what matters in our one precious life. 28．When the woman said she only slept for four hours a night for two weeks, she “_________”. A．took pride in doing so B．was asking for suggestions C．was unsatisfied with her lifestyle D．knew few people were like her 29．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The solutions to “The More Bubble”. B．The advantages of “The More Bubble”. C．The cause and result of “The More Bubble”. D．The disadvantages of “The More Bubble”. 30．According to the article, Esscntialists are those who _________. A．are tired of information and opinions B．prefer not to rely on technology at their homes C．give up certain things for what matters in life D．are not interested in becoming successful and important 31．What’s the author’s attitude towards “The More Bubble”? A．Disapproval. B．Indifferent. C．Supportive. D．Skeptical. 【答案】28．A 29．C 30．C 31．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了所谓的“泡沫文化”，叙述了这种“The More Bubble”的本质，出现的原因及后果。 28．细节理解题。文章第一段讲到“Just today, someone boasted to me that she was so busy she’s averaged four hours of sleep a night for the last two weeks. She wasn’t complaining; she was proud of the fact(就在今天，有人向我吹嘘她太忙了，在过去的两周里，她平均每晚睡四个小时。她没有抱怨；她为这个事实感到骄傲)”可知，当这位女士说她两周来每晚只睡四个小时时，她为这样做感到骄傲。故选A。 29．主旨大意题。文章第四段讲到“This bubble is being enabled by a combination of three powerful trends: smart phones, social media, and extreme consumerism. The result is not just information overload, but opinion overload. (这一泡沫是由三种强大趋势共同促成的：智能手机、社交媒体和极端消费主义。其结果不仅是信息过载，而且是意见过载。)”可知，本段是讲更多泡沫的起因。故选C。 30．细节理解题。文章倒数第二段中“These people are designing their lives around what is essential and removing everything else.(这些人围绕着最重要的东西来设计他们的生活，并去除其他一切)”以及“They trade time on Facebook with calling those few friends who really matter to them. Instead of running to different meetings, they put space on their calendars to get important work done.(他们在脸书上交换时间，给那些对他们真正重要的少数朋友打电话。他们不去参加不同的会议，而是在日历上留出空间来完成重要的工作。)”可知，这些人知道生活中什么是重要的，他们会为了重要的东西而放弃某些东西。故选C。 31．推理判断题。文中作者使用了一些词如第一段中“boasted to me (向我吹嘘)”和第二段中“Why are typically rational (理智的) people so irrational in their behavior?( 为什么通常理性的人在行为上如此不理性？)”中的irrational“不合理的，荒谬的；无理性的”可看出，作者对The More Bubble的态度是不赞成的，故选A。 Passage 9 In 2008, a man who lived in Detroit named Jerrold Foke, whom everyone called “Uncle Jerrold”, came up with an unusual idea. Foke had realized that for a long time, there had only been 26 letters in the English alphabet. He had referred to another alphabet, called the phonetic alphabet (音标字母表) — which is like an alphabet for sounds — and came across a symbol that aroused his interest. It looks like an upside-down, lowercase “e” (“ə”) and represents the sound, “uh,” like the noise you make when you’re confused. It is called the “schwa”. Foke thought it might be time for a new letter to be added. Jerrold had a good reason for wanting to add a new letter to the English alphabet. He thought that if English got a new letter, then people might be able to make new words. He reasoned that if people made new words, they might be able to communicate better. Jerrold began telling everyone he knew about the schwa. He requested that friends help him make new words using the schwa. People would use the schwa to make an “uh” sound in the word. His friends thought this was a pretty good idea. Jerrold lived in a hotel in downtown Detroit. Every day, when he went down to the lobby (大厅) someone he knew would tell him a new word he’d made. In an effort to spread the schwa still farther, Jerrold began to spend some of his days standing in Campus Martius Plaza, with a sign that said “Have you heard about the schwa?” He liked to share some of the words he and his friends had made, and then invite these people to make their own schwa-based words. Some people did so enthusiastically, while others were more doubtful about the schwa’s potential. When people asked Jerrold where the schwa should go in the alphabet, he’d always say, “In the front.” When people asked him why, he’d say, “Because that’s where it belongs.” Because of Jerrold’s work, people were encouraged to make their own words, whether using the schwa or not. His goal of increasing communication between different people remained one that was greatly valued. 32．According to the passage, Jerrold’s unusual idea was to ________. A．develop an interest in language B．make a confusing noise in public C．introduce a new word to his friend D．add a letter to the English alphabet 33．Jerrold encouraged people to use the schwa mainly because ________. A．it would catch on in England very soon B．people were reluctant to make new words C．it might allow people to communicate better D．there were things for which English had no word 34．Jerrold’s work can be described as ________. A．valueless B．confusing C．inspiring D．unreasonable 【答案】32．D 33．C 34．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了Jerrold Foke提出在英语字母表中添加一个字母，来帮助人们更好地交流。 32．细节理解题。根据第二段“Jerrold had a good reason for wanting to add a new letter to the English alphabet.(杰罗德有一个很好的理由想要在英语字母表中添加一个新字母)”可知，杰罗德的不同寻常的想法是在英语字母表中添加一个字母。故选D。 33．细节理解题。根据第二段“He reasoned that if people made new words, they might be able to communicate better.(他的理由是，如果人们创造新词，他们可能能够更好地交流)”可知，杰罗德鼓励人们使用弱读音，主要是因为它可以让人们更好地交流。故选C。 34．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Because of Jerrold’s work, people were encouraged to make their own words, whether using the schwa or not. His goal of increasing communication between different people remained one that was greatly valued.(由于Jerrold的工作，人们被鼓励创造自己的单词，不管是否使用弱读音。他的目标是增加不同人群之间的交流，这一目标一直受到人们的高度重视)”可知，杰罗德的工作可以说是鼓舞人心的。故选C。 Passage 10 Computers can beat world chess champion Gary Kasparov at his game, count all the atoms in a nuclear explosion, and calculate complex figures in a fraction of a second, but they still fail at the slight differences in language translation. Artificial Intelligence computers have large amounts of memory, capable of storing huge translating dictionaries and extensive lists of grammar rules. Yet, today’s best computer language translators have just a 60 percent accuracy rate. Scientists are still unable to program the computer with human-like common sense reasoning power. Computer language translation is called Machine Translation, or MT. While not perfect, MT is surprisingly good. MT was designed to process dry, technical language that people find tedious to translate. Computers can translate basic phrases, such as “Your foot bone’s connected to your ankle bone, your ankle bone’s connected to your leg bone.” They can translate more difficult phrases, such as “Which witch is which?” Computers can also accurately translate “Wild thing, you make my heart sing!” into other languages because they can understand individual words, as long as the words are pre-programmed in their dictionary. But highly sensitive types of translating, such as important diplomatic conversations, are beyond the scope of computer translating programs. Human translators use intuitional meaning, not logic, to process words and phrases into other languages. A human can properly translate the phrase, “The pen is in the pen (围养禽畜的圈),” because most humans know that it means that a writing instrument is in a small enclosed space. Many times, computers do not have the ability to determine in which way two identical words in one sentence are to be used. In addition to using massive rule-programmed machines, computer programmers are also trying to teach computers to learn how to think for themselves through the “experience” of translating. Even with these efforts, programmers admit that a “thinking” computer might not ever be invented in the future. 35．Computers today are capable of ________. A．defeating the best chess player in the world B．telling subtle differences between languages C．translating over 60 percent of difficult texts D．doing human-like common sense reasoning 36．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? A．Computers can translate dry and difficult phrase. B．Computers can translate technical language. C．Computers can understand pre-programmed word. D．Computers can understand sensitive language. 37．To improve machine translation, computer programmers are trying to ________. A．use powerful rule-programmed computers B．have computers compile translating dictionaries C．teach computers to think by practice D．add explanations of words in computer programs 38．The passage suggests that ________. A．the accuracy rate of machine translation cannot be raised B．it is impossible for computers to think as humans do C．only technical language is suitable for machine translation D．it is impossible to determine identical words 【答案】35．A 36．D 37．C 38．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。在人工智能高度发达的现在，电脑仍然无法区分语言翻译中的细微差别，虽然人工智能计算机拥有大量的内存，能够存储大量的翻译字典和大量的语法规则列表，但是科学家们仍然无法给计算机编程，使其具有类似人类的常识推理能力。文章对此进行了详细介绍。 35．细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Computers can beat world chess champion Gary Kasparov at his game, count all the atoms in a nuclear explosion, and calculate complex figures in a fraction of a second, but they still fail at the slight differences in language translation.(计算机可以在国际象棋比赛中击败世界冠军加里·卡斯帕罗夫，计算核爆炸中的所有原子，并在几分之一秒内计算出复杂的数字，但它们仍然无法在语言翻译方面的细微差异。)”可知，如今的电脑可以击败世界上最好的棋手。故选A。 36．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“But highly sensitive types of translating, such as important diplomatic conversations, are beyond the scope of computer translating programs.(但是高度敏感的翻译类型，如重要的外交对话，超出了计算机翻译程序的范围。)”可知，电脑无法理解高敏感度的语言。故选D。 37．细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“In addition to using massive rule-programmed machines, computer programmers are also trying to teach computers to learn how to think for themselves through the “experience” of translating.(除了使用大量的规则编程机器外，计算机程序员还试图通过翻译的“经验”教会计算机学习如何独立思考。)”可知，为了改进机器翻译，计算机程序员正试图教会计算机通过练习学会思考。故选C。 38．推理判断题。根据倒第二段“Human translators use intuitional meaning, not logic, to process words and phrases into other languages. A human can properly translate the phrase, “The pen is in the pen (围养禽畜的圈),” because most humans know that it means that a writing instrument is in a small enclosed space. Many times, computers do not have the ability to determine in which way two identical words in one sentence are to be used.(人工翻译使用直觉意义，而不是逻辑，将单词和短语处理成其他语言。人类可以正确地翻译“围养禽畜的圈”这句话，因为大多数人都知道这意味着书写工具在一个狭小的封闭空间里。很多时候，计算机没有能力确定一个句子中两个相同的单词的使用方式。)”和最后一段最后一句“Even with these efforts, programmers admit that a “thinking” computer might not ever be invented in the future.(即使有了这些努力，程序员们也承认，将来可能永远不会发明出“会思考”的计算机。)”可知，这篇文章表明计算机不可能像人类一样思考。故选B。 1 / 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题06 阅读理解之说明文（精选名校试题） 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 【来源】上海复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题 【来源】上海市华东师范大学第二附中2023-2024学年高一下期中英语试卷 【来源】上海市七宝中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中英语试题 【来源】上海市上海交通大学附属中学嘉定分校2023-2024学年高一下学期期中英语试卷 【来源】上海市普陀区宜川中学2023-2024学年高一下学期英语期中考试卷 【来源】上海市同济大学第二附属中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题 【来源】上海市七宝中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中英语试题 【来源】上海市行知中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题 【来源】上海市浦东新区2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题 【来源】上海市位育中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中英语试卷 Passage 1 Trees are magicians with carbon, pulling it out of the air at remarkable rates to store it in their bodies. They are so good at removing this greenhouse gas that “planting trees” is often synonymous with doing environmental good. And lots of people are planting trees. The number of tree-planting organizations has grown by almost 300 percent in the past 30 years, according to a 2021 paper in the journal Biological Conservation. But while tree planting can capture a great amount of carbon, it is hardly a silver bullet for the climate crisis — express estimate that even if we maximized our available lands for trees, this alone would not be enough to counteract carbon emissions caused by humans. Plus, many plantations grow the same few species in monocultures, which can hurt local biodiversity. The minority of tree plantations are set up with carbon capture solely, or even primarily in mind, says Jacob Bukoski, a forestry scientist at Oregon State University. Most trees are planted with the goal of harvesting timber or wood pulp (木浆) for paper. Tree-planting organizations are more likely to create plantations for commercial reasons, the authors of the 2021 paper also note, rather than for biodiversity or carbon capture. In forestry, there’s a saying that you have to plant “the right tree in the right place, for the right reason.” But when many tree plantations are established for commercial purposes, the tree that is planted is often not the “right” tree, says Jesús Aguirre-Gutiérrez, an ecologist at the Environmental Change Institute at the University of Oxford. In a paper published recently in the journal Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Aguirre-Gutiérrez and colleagues argue that focusing on the goal of carbon removal by natural process causes organizations to ignore the importance of restoring balanced ecosystems. The result is a collection of trees that do not support local organisms or promote biodiversity in the way native plant species would have. These problems deserve particular notice in tropical areas where land is vast, and conditions such as stable temperatures and high humidity promote tree growth, as ignoring them while planting trees is damaging. When plantations increased the woody cover of the Brazilian savannah by 40 percent, this “resulted in an about 30 percent reduction in the diversity of plants and ants,” Aguirre-Gutiérrez and his co-authors write in the new paper. Aguirre-Gutiérrez doesn’t want to discourage people from growing more trees, he says. Rather, we need a better way to protect the natural ecosystems and species there, like encouraging the restoration of native forest tree species. Local plants will be “better adapted to the conditions” in these environments, he says, which means they, and nearby species, are more likely to thrive. “If we go in that direction, that will bring us the added value of capturing carbon, but also this sustainability.” 1．Experts are concerned about tree plantation to reduce greenhouse partly because ______. A．the number of tree-planting organizations is growing too fast. B．the speed of tree planting falls far behind that of carbon emission. C．the selection of species in tree planting can harm local biodiversity. D．the land available to plant trees is not fully explored and developed. 2．In paragraph 4, “the right reason” refers to ______. A．mass plantation of carbon-absorbing trees B．biodiversity preservation with local species C．harvest of timber or wood pulp for paper D．tree plantation for commercial purposes 3．Why does the author mention “Brazilian savannah” in paragraph 5? A．To show the benefits of planting trees in tropical areas B．To illustrate the vastness and eco-diversity of tropical areas C．To highlight the negative impact of planting trees in tropical areas D．To discourage people from randomly planting trees in tropical areas 4．Which of the following statements will Aguirre-Gutiérrez most likely approve of? A．People and organizations should plant as many trees as they can to capture carbon. B．Plants in tropical areas can thrive better due to its vast land and agreeable climate. C．Preserving biodiversity plays a more sustainable role than capturing carbon only. D．Tree plantation organizations are irresponsible and focus only on making profits. Passage 2 The life of a journalist can be exciting. To be in constant pursuit of the latest news demands a curiosity that can only be rewarded by getting to “where it is happening” as soon as possible. The goal, of course, is to relate what is happening to the public as clearly as possible. However, every journalist must be careful to report not only a vivid picture of what is happening, but a true picture. Each journalist reports his or her own version of what has taken place. Still, this version must be an actual account if the reporter is to maintain a reliable reputation. In order to get to the truth in some new stories, a reporter must rely on the statements of someone who is on the inside of the situation. Often this insider will only talk to a reporter if the reporter promises never to reveal the insider’s name. The insider usually threatens never to admit meeting with the reporter if his or her name is revealed. Because stories of this nature often involve criminal activity, reporting them becomes a dangerous job. This kind of work involved in obtaining news in this summer serves as an inviting situation for the underworld as well as the legal world. Members of the underworld want to find out who the insider is so that they can keep him or her quiet. Members of the legal world claim that the reporter will disturb justice if he or she fails to disclose the insider’s name. Rather than be unaccountable to a trusted informant, most reporters will go to jail if need be. Freedom of the press is provided by the First Amendment of the Constitution of the United States. Impure interpretations of this portion of the constitution cause a small number of reporters to be jailed every year. However, as yet, no amount of legal maneuvering (操纵) has been able to put out this light of freedom set up by our forefathers. All of the reporters refusing to reveal the names of their informants have eventually been released. Devotion of this kind has given journalism its reputation for reliability — a reliability that each journalist is expected to uphold in his or her search for truth. Supplying a truthful account of each day’s occurrence is the serious contract made between reporter and the public. 5．According to the passage, those who give inside information ________. A．are usually under police protection B．do not want their names made public C．are on rare occasions on good terms with reliable reporter D．often have difficulty in protecting their lives 6．Judging by the context, the word “inviting” in paragraph 4 can be replaced by _____. A．scheming B．unknowing C．stirring D．tempting 7．Some reporters are put into prison mainly because ________. A．the courts sometimes misinterpret the First Amendment of the Constitution B．they get inside stories by dishonest means C．they are against the First Amendment of the Constitution D．there is no law in the United States to protect freedom of the press 8．The author implies in the passage that a reliable reporter ________. A．seldom follows the First Amendment of the Constitution of the United States B．should be diligent, clever and inventive C．must provide the public with a truthful account as clearly as possible D．must try every means to satisfy the public’s curiosity Passage 3 Tiredness May Lead to Snacking Staying up late doing homework is always tiring. Perhaps when we are tired, we feel the need to eat unhealthy snack food. Recently scientists have been investigating tiredness and snack food. According to a study in the Journal of Neuroscience, people are more likely to crave snacks when they don’t get enough sleep. For the study, researchers from University of Cologne in Germany gave the same dinner to 32 healthy men aged between 19 and 33. Half of the men were then sent home to bed, and the other half were kept aware in the laboratory all night. The next morning, the participants were asked to consider how much they would be willing to pay for snack food items shown to them in pictures. According to the researchers, all were similarly hungry in the morning, and had similar levels of most hormones and blood sugar. However, brain scans showed that when the sleep-deprived participants looked at the pictures of junk food, they released more of the “hunger hormone”. This is the hormone responsible for increasing the appetite, and making us consume more. Asked about how much they would pay for snacks, “participants with sleep deprivation were more willing to overspend on food items than those with a good night’s sleep,” researchers said. Researchers also observed that among the people who hadn’t slept, there was greater activity in the part of the brain where food rewards are processed. Scientists think that sleep-deprived people experience changes to the hunger hormone and the brain’s reward system that leads to a stronger desire to eat snacks with high fat and calories. “This brings us a little closer to understanding the mechanism behind how sleep deprivation changes food valuation,” Professor Jan Peters, a co-author of the study from the University of Cologne, told The Independent.Kill the craving Listen to some soft music to relieve your tiredness. Do some slight exercise for a short time when you’re tired. Eat yogurt or fruits to replace snacks with high fat and calories. Distance yourself from the craving. 9．People are more likely to crave snacks if they don’t get enough sleep because they ______. A．have high levels of most hormones and blood sugar B．release more of the “hunger hormone”, making them consumer more C．are extremely hungry in the morning D．are attracted by the snack food items in the pictures 10．Which of the statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage? A．Hunger hormone can increase people’s appetite and let them eat more food. B．Participants without sleep deprivation may spend less on food items. C．The brain’s reward system will lead to craving snack food. D．Greater activity will appear in certain part of the brain among those who sleep well. 11．Which of the following way is most likely to help you kill the craving? A．Listening to Rock & Roll. B．Walking out for while. C．Ordering a McDonald’s Big Mac. D．Drinking black coffee. Passage 4 Open data-sharers are still in the minority in many fields. Although many researchers broadly agree that public access to raw data would accelerate science, most are reluctant to post the results of their own labours online. Some communities have agreed to share online - geneticists, for example, post DNA sequences at the GenBank repository (库), and astronomers are accustomed to accessing images of galaxies and stars from, say, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a telescope that has observed some 500 million objects- but these remain the exception, not the rule. Historically, scientists have objected to sharing for many reasons: it is a lot of work; until recently, good databases did not exist; grant funders were not pushing for sharing; it has been difficult to agree on standards for formatting data and there is no agreed way to assign credit for data. But the barriers are disappearing in part because journals and funding agencies worldwide are encouraging scientists to make their data public. Last year, the Roval Society in London said in its report Science as an Open Enterprise that scientists need to shift away from a research culture where data is viewed as private preserve. Funding agencies note that data paid for with public money should be public information, and the scientific community is recognizing that data can now be shared digitally in ways that were not possible before. To match the growing demand, services are springing up to make it easier to publish research products online and enable other researchers to discover and cite them. Although calls to share data often concentrate on the moral advantages of sharing, the practice is not purely altruistic (利他主义的). Researchers who share get plenty of personal benefits, including more connections with colleagues, improved visibility and increased citations. I he most successful sharers-those whose data are downloaded and cited the most often-get noticed, and their work gets used. For example, one of the most popular data sets on multidisciplinary repository Dryad is about wood density around the world; it has been downloaded 5, 700 times. Co-author Amy Zanne thinks that users probably range from climate- change researchers wanting to estimate how much carbon is stored in biomass, to foresters looking for information on different grades of timber. “I would much prefer to have my data used by the maximum number of people to ask their own questions, ” she says. “It’s important to allow readers and reviewers to see exactly how you arrive at your results. Publishing data and code allows your science to be reproducible” Even people whose data are less popular can benefit. By making the effort to organize and label files so others can understand them, scientists become more organized and better disciplined themselves, thus avoiding confusion later on. 12．What do many researchers generally accept? A．It is necessary to protect scientists’ patents. B．Repositories are essential to scientific research. C．Open data sharing promotes scientific advancement. D．Open data sharing is most important to medical science. 13．According to the passage, what might be an obstacle to open data sharing? A．The fear of massive copying. B．The belief that data is private intellectual property. C．The lack of a research culture. D．The concern that certain agencies may make a profit out of it. 14．What helps lift some of the barriers to open data sharing? A．The ever-growing demand for big data. B．The changing attitude of journals and funders. C．The advantage of digital technology. D．The trend of social and economic development. 15．Dryad serves as an example to show how open data sharing ________. A．is becoming increasingly popular B．benefits shares and users alike C．makes researchers successful D．saves both money and labor Passage 5 Attachment Parenting is not Indulgent (纵容) Parenting. Attachment parents do not “spoil” their children. Spoiling is done when a child is given everything that they want regardless of what they need and what is practical. Indulgent parents give toys for tantrums (发脾气), ice cream for breakfast. Attachment parents don’t give their children everything they want, they give their children everything that they need. Attachment parents believe that love and comfort are free and necessary. Not sweets or toys. Attachment Parenting is not “afraid of tears” parenting. Our kids cry and have tantrums sometimes, of course. But they do this because their emotions are so strong that they need to get them out. They simply expect us to listen to them. We pick up our babies when they cry, and we respond to the tears of our older children because we believe firmly that comfort is free, love is free, and that when a child is in need of comfort and love, it is our job to provide these things. Attachment Parenting is not Clingy Parenting. I do not cling (抓紧) to my children. In fact, I’m pretty free-range. As soon as they can move, they usually move away from me. Sure, I carry them and hug them and chase them and kiss them and rock them and sleep with them. But this is not me following them everywhere and pulling them back to me. This is me being a home base. Attachment Parenting is not Helicopter Parenting. I don’t hover. I supervise (监督). I follow, I teach, I demonstrate, I explain. I don’t slap (拍，打) curious hands away. I show how to do things safely. I let my child do what he wishes to do, first with help and then with supervision and finally with trust. I don’t insist that my 23-month-old hold my hand when we walk on the sidewalk because I know that I can recall him with my voice because he trusts me to allow him to explore and he trusts me to explain when something is dangerous and to help him satisfy his curiosities safely. Most of the negative things that I hear about “Attachment Parents” are completely off-base and describe something that is entirely unlike Attachment-Parenting. Attachment Parenting is child-centered and focuses on the needs of the child. Attachment Parents simply believe that children are taught, not trained. 16．According to the author, what should parents do when their kids cry? A．Reward them with toys. B．Try to stop them crying. C．Provide comfort and love to them. D．Hold them tight in their arms. 17．What does “free-range” (in Para.3) refer to according to the passage? A．The author’s providing of a home base. B．The author’s readiness to play games with their kids. C．The author’s being curious about watching the games they play. D．The author’s willingness to give their kids freedom of movement. 18．Which of the following is NOT Attachment Parenting? A．Encouraging your child’s curiosity. B．Always standing by to protect your child. C．Helping your child to do the right thing. D．Showing your child how things are done. 19．What does the passage mainly discuss? A．A certain type of parenting B．Parent-child relationships. C．How to bring out love in children. D．How to build children’s self-confidence. Passage 6 ChatGPT, as a large language model, learned to generate human-like text based on a given context. It can do most of the text-generation tasks that involve natural language for communication. Examples of these tasks are text completion (e.g. email and report writing), paraphrasing, text summarization, machine translation, and question-answering. In addition, it can also be used for conversational AI applications, such as chatbots and virtual assistants. While the ChatGPT platform has a wide range of applications related to text generation, outputs should be evaluated critically and used with caution, as they may contain false, biased, or outdated information. The use of homework aids in higher education is not new. For years, students have used sites like Quizlet to cut comers as they complete homework assignments or take online quizzes. In response, teachers have had to adapt to these challenges and design assessments that can avoid the use of these tools. I view ChatGPT in the same light. Essentially, ChatGPT collects information readily available online to form a response to a given prompt (提示). The AI has no capacity for critical thinking and often misses the mark whenever a prompt requires any critical or abstract thinking If university teachers want to avoid the threat of ChatGPT, then perhaps the strictness of their assignments needs to be increased. While there are many concerns that ChatGPT harms academic assessment, it and better versions may force us to shift our curriculum to higher levels of critical thinking. Beyond this, we may discover ways it can be used to enhance the learning process. If students focus on advanced aspects of their schoolwork, chatbots could assist with more menial (微不足道的) educational tasks. For example, some instructors are experimenting with new forms of student engagement, including project-based learning. Perhaps a chatbot could be used to brainstorm on these projects. Learning effectiveness could be enhanced by customizing the learning process at an individual level to better match a diversified student body. 20．What’s the common point between ChatGPT and Quizlet according to the passage? A．They should both be assessed objectively and used carefully. B．They are both widely used by teachers, instructors and faculty. C．They are both sites provided for students to take an online quiz. D．They can both help students take a shortcut when doing homework. 21．What’s the main drawback of ChatGPT according to the passage? A．It can only be used for traditional AI applications. B．It’s not accurate or unbiased enough when generating text. C．It cannot the level of critical thinking as high as that of humans. D．It cannot be widely used in higher education or diversified learning. 22．What’s the new challenge that teachers are facing with the rise of ChatGPT? A．They have to meet the diversified demands of students. B．They have to deal with the cheating problem of students. C．They have to design more strict and precise assignments. D．They have to make the class more effective through advanced techs. 23．The author holds a(an) ________ attitude towards the emergence of ChatGPT. A．indifferent B．critical C．objective D．supportive Passage 7 There are few shirts in football as celebrated as the Manchester United No. 7, a grand tradition that is generally considered to go all the way back to George Best. The reality, though, is a little more complex. At Manchester United, the No. 7 clearly means something to supporters and the club itself. From Best to Ronaldo, this is the story of United’s No. 7 shirt. George Best played in the days before permanent squad numbers, when it wasn’t uncommon for footballers to wear multiple numbers in the same season. Best certainly did wear the No. 7 on occasion, most famously during the 1968 European Cup final victory over Benfica, but he didn’t actually wear it particularly often — only in 30 per cent of his Manchester United games. The idea that Best started United’s grand history of the No. 7 shirt isn’t entirely unfair, but Best himself evidently didn’t actually care. Another United Legend, Eric Cantona did care — although he played a variety of numbers during his days in France, he insisted on wearing the No. 7 shirt at United. So it was Eric Cantona, rather than Best, who really made the No. 7 iconic at Manchester United. It was rare to see that number being worn by a forward, instead of a midfielder, but that somehow fitted into the aura of Cantona: a player who interpreted his role in an unusual way. When Cantona left, Alex Ferguson decided to honour David Beckham with the No. 7 at his request. As a right-sided midfielder, Beckham fitted the No. 7 perfectly. He became so associated with the number that he incorporated it into his own fashion brand known as DB07. He enjoyed six years with the No. 7 shirt until his move to Real Madrid. Upon Beckham’s departure in 2003, United signed the perfect replacement as No. 7 — Cristiano Ronald. Ronaldo played on the right of midfield, so the shirt number made sense, although he had initially requested No. 28. However, Ferguson insisted on him taking No. 7. It proved a fine decision. Not only did Ronaldo shine on the pitch, but he also replicated Beckham by incorporating the number into a fashion range: CR7. After Ronald’s transfer to Real Madrid and Ferguson’s retirement, it became clear that United, a club increasingly’ obsessed with branding, wanted to further the legacy and history of the No.7. However, then there was a period when no one seemed to want it. To fill the huge gap left by Ronald’s departure, to be frank, is always something extremely challenging. And whoever comes next must be a confident player who is happy to invite that added scrutiny. 24．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The number 7 in the football world is usually worn by a forward player. B．George Best often wore the No. 7 during his time at Manchester United. C．In 1960s, players started to wear fixed numbers during the same season. D．Eric Cantona truly helped United’s No. 7 become a famous sporting icon. 25．Which of the following is Not one of the similarities between Beckham and Ronald? A．Both of them have played for Manchester United and Real Madrid in their career. B．They each have successfully created a fashion brand related to their No. 7 shirt. C．Neither of them has voluntarily asked their coach Sir Alex for the No.7 shirt. D．When representing United, they played the same position on the football pitch. 26．None of the players wanted to wear the No. 7 shirt after Ronald probably because ______. A．the value of United’s No.7 has been decreasing significantly B．United has shifted attention from football to gaining commercial success C．the pressure brought by fans’ heightened expectation is overwhelming D．Sir Alex Ferguson has officially retried from the football world 27．What might be the best title for the passage? A．The Story of Great Players. B．The Legendary Number. C．Who’s the Next United’s No.7? D．Glory Glory Man United. Passage 8 ①We have a problem, and the strange thing is that we not only know about it but also celebrate it. Just today, someone boasted to me that she was so busy she’s averaged four hours of sleep a night for the last two weeks. She wasn’t complaining; she was proud of the fact. She is not alone. ②Why are typically rational (理智的) people so irrational in their behavior? The answer is that we’re in the midst of a bubble. I call it “The More Bubble.” ③The nature of bubbles is that something is absurdly overvalued until-eventually-the bubble bursts, and we’re left wondering why we were so irrationally animated in the first place. The thing we’re overvaluing now is the opinion of doing it all, having it all, achieving it all. ④This bubble is being enabled by a combination of three powerful trends: smart phones, social media, and extreme consumerism. The result is not just information overload, but opinion overload. We are more aware than at any time in history of what everyone else is doing and therefore, what we should be doing. In the process, we have been sold a bill of goods: that success means being supermen and superwomen who can get it all done. Of course we boasted about being busy—it’s code for being successful and important. ⑤And our answer to the problem of more is always more. We need more technology to help us create more technologies. We need to shift our workload to free up our own time to do yet even more. ⑥Luckily, there is a solution to the pursuit of more: the pursuit of less, but better. A growing number of people are making this change. I call these people Essentialists. ⑦These people are designing their lives around what is essential and removing everything else. These people arrange to have actual weekends (during which they are not working). They create technology-free zones in their homes. They trade time on Facebook with calling those few friends who really matter to them. Instead of running to different meetings, they put space on their calendars to get important work done. ⑧So we have two choices: we can be among the last people caught up in “The More Bubble” or we can join the growing community of Essentialists and get more of what matters in our one precious life. 28．When the woman said she only slept for four hours a night for two weeks, she “_________”. A．took pride in doing so B．was asking for suggestions C．was unsatisfied with her lifestyle D．knew few people were like her 29．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The solutions to “The More Bubble”. B．The advantages of “The More Bubble”. C．The cause and result of “The More Bubble”. D．The disadvantages of “The More Bubble”. 30．According to the article, Esscntialists are those who _________. A．are tired of information and opinions B．prefer not to rely on technology at their homes C．give up certain things for what matters in life D．are not interested in becoming successful and important 31．What’s the author’s attitude towards “The More Bubble”? A．Disapproval. B．Indifferent. C．Supportive. D．Skeptical. Passage 9 In 2008, a man who lived in Detroit named Jerrold Foke, whom everyone called “Uncle Jerrold”, came up with an unusual idea. Foke had realized that for a long time, there had only been 26 letters in the English alphabet. He had referred to another alphabet, called the phonetic alphabet (音标字母表) — which is like an alphabet for sounds — and came across a symbol that aroused his interest. It looks like an upside-down, lowercase “e” (“ə”) and represents the sound, “uh,” like the noise you make when you’re confused. It is called the “schwa”. Foke thought it might be time for a new letter to be added. Jerrold had a good reason for wanting to add a new letter to the English alphabet. He thought that if English got a new letter, then people might be able to make new words. He reasoned that if people made new words, they might be able to communicate better. Jerrold began telling everyone he knew about the schwa. He requested that friends help him make new words using the schwa. People would use the schwa to make an “uh” sound in the word. His friends thought this was a pretty good idea. Jerrold lived in a hotel in downtown Detroit. Every day, when he went down to the lobby (大厅) someone he knew would tell him a new word he’d made. In an effort to spread the schwa still farther, Jerrold began to spend some of his days standing in Campus Martius Plaza, with a sign that said “Have you heard about the schwa?” He liked to share some of the words he and his friends had made, and then invite these people to make their own schwa-based words. Some people did so enthusiastically, while others were more doubtful about the schwa’s potential. When people asked Jerrold where the schwa should go in the alphabet, he’d always say, “In the front.” When people asked him why, he’d say, “Because that’s where it belongs.” Because of Jerrold’s work, people were encouraged to make their own words, whether using the schwa or not. His goal of increasing communication between different people remained one that was greatly valued. 32．According to the passage, Jerrold’s unusual idea was to ________. A．develop an interest in language B．make a confusing noise in public C．introduce a new word to his friend D．add a letter to the English alphabet 33．Jerrold encouraged people to use the schwa mainly because ________. A．it would catch on in England very soon B．people were reluctant to make new words C．it might allow people to communicate better D．there were things for which English had no word 34．Jerrold’s work can be described as ________. A．valueless B．confusing C．inspiring D．unreasonable Passage 10 Computers can beat world chess champion Gary Kasparov at his game, count all the atoms in a nuclear explosion, and calculate complex figures in a fraction of a second, but they still fail at the slight differences in language translation. Artificial Intelligence computers have large amounts of memory, capable of storing huge translating dictionaries and extensive lists of grammar rules. Yet, today’s best computer language translators have just a 60 percent accuracy rate. Scientists are still unable to program the computer with human-like common sense reasoning power. Computer language translation is called Machine Translation, or MT. While not perfect, MT is surprisingly good. MT was designed to process dry, technical language that people find tedious to translate. Computers can translate basic phrases, such as “Your foot bone’s connected to your ankle bone, your ankle bone’s connected to your leg bone.” They can translate more difficult phrases, such as “Which witch is which?” Computers can also accurately translate “Wild thing, you make my heart sing!” into other languages because they can understand individual words, as long as the words are pre-programmed in their dictionary. But highly sensitive types of translating, such as important diplomatic conversations, are beyond the scope of computer translating programs. Human translators use intuitional meaning, not logic, to process words and phrases into other languages. A human can properly translate the phrase, “The pen is in the pen (围养禽畜的圈),” because most humans know that it means that a writing instrument is in a small enclosed space. Many times, computers do not have the ability to determine in which way two identical words in one sentence are to be used. In addition to using massive rule-programmed machines, computer programmers are also trying to teach computers to learn how to think for themselves through the “experience” of translating. Even with these efforts, programmers admit that a “thinking” computer might not ever be invented in the future. 35．Computers today are capable of ________. A．defeating the best chess player in the world B．telling subtle differences between languages C．translating over 60 percent of difficult texts D．doing human-like common sense reasoning 36．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? A．Computers can translate dry and difficult phrase. B．Computers can translate technical language. C．Computers can understand pre-programmed word. D．Computers can understand sensitive language. 37．To improve machine translation, computer programmers are trying to ________. A．use powerful rule-programmed computers B．have computers compile translating dictionaries C．teach computers to think by practice D．add explanations of words in computer programs 38．The passage suggests that ________. A．the accuracy rate of machine translation cannot be raised B．it is impossible for computers to think as humans do C．only technical language is suitable for machine translation D．it is impossible to determine identical words 4 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$