UNIT 5 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language（课件PPT）-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版2024）

LAUNCHING YOUR CAREER UNIT 5 Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language 语法慧学·提升语言能力 目 录 Contents 课时作业(十四) 语基输入·助力语言输出 语法慧学·提升语言能力 主语 定语 系动词 表语从句 时间状语从句 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 第一分句 并列连词 第二分句 定语从句 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 第一分句 并列连词 第二分句 定语从句 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 简单句 简单句 并列句 并列句 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 定语从句 定语从句 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 宾语从句 状语从句 主语从句 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 复合句 并列复合句 并列复合句 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 Tales will delight all fans and anyone 定语从句 anyone 让步状语从句 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 《动物医院》中的故事将使这一节目的所有热心观众和对宠物有浓厚兴趣的人感到快乐，无论他们的宠物是猫，是狗，还是蛇。 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 定语从句 a gifted scientist 定语从句 history 牛顿被证明是一位很有才华的科学家，他也有普通人的缺点。他生活的时代神学衰亡，科学初现。 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 简单句 并列句 主从复合句——定语从句 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 主从复合句——状语从句 主从复合句——名词性从句 并列复合句——定语从 句 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 简单句 主从复合句——状语从句和名词性 从句 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth that/which gives off light in the dark. I would appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration. 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 was about to leave when something occurred that attracted my attention There is a chance that he will have this essay finished tomorrow. 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 not only is he a keen gardener, but also he is a fish collector 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 语基输入·助力语言输出 1 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 accused accusation 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 was accused of was charged with was blamed for 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 2 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 In with 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 came to/arrived at/reached/drew a conclusion from concluded from 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 3 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 Dedicating dedicated improving dedication 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 dedicated her life to participating in was dedicated to participating in 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 课时作业(十四)　语言运用专项 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第四册 制 作 者：状元桥 适用对象：高中学生 制作软件：Powerpoint2010、 Photoshop cs3 运行环境：WindowsXP以上操作系统 复习长难句 分析下面课文中句子的结构。 1．The best time to start thinking about possible careers is while you are still at school, (before you make any choices about your further education)． 2．The results of the test will tell you about your strengths and interests, and some tests also suggest careers (that you may be suited to)． 3．The career suggestions are also based on your education and experience level, but you can look at higher-level careers as well, (which is very useful for high school students). 一、句子类型 句子按其结构可分为四种类型：简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句。 (一)简单句 只包含一个主谓结构的句子叫作简单句。有时一个句子虽然有两个或两个以上的并列的主语或谓语，但仍然是简单句。 ►(2024·新课标Ⅰ)Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust's Woolbeding Gardens. 希瑟维克建筑工作室最近在位于国家信托基金会的伍尔贝丁庄园的边缘建造了一个玻璃温室。 ►Tom and Mike are American boys. 汤姆和迈克是美国男孩。(加黑部分为并列主语，只有一个谓语，仍为简单句) ►(2023·新课标Ⅱ)I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people.我在社交媒体上发布我的作品，并因此结识了一些最友善的人。(加黑部分为并列谓语，只有一个主语，仍为简单句) (二)并列句 由并列连词或逗号等把两个或更多互不依从的主谓结构连在一起构成的句子叫作并列句。常见的并列连词有and, but, so, or, for, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but等。 ►Not couldn't they complete the task, but the task was too tough. 不是他们完不成任务，而是任务太难了。 ►We had better stay at home, for it is raining. 我们最好待在家里，因为天正在下雨。 ►He didn't work hard, so he failed the examination. 他学习不努力，因此这次考试不及格。 [提示] when意为“此时”，while意为“而、却”时，为并列连词。 ►I was about to go to bed when he called me up. 我正要上床睡觉的时候，他打电话来了。 ►I do every single bit of housework while my husband Tom just washes dishes now and then.我做所有的家务，而我的丈夫汤姆只是偶尔洗洗盘子。 [即时训练1]——分析下列句子的结构类型 (1)Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel._________ (2)(2023·新课标Ⅱ)Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids.________ (3)Her mother, Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job._________ (4)(2024·新课标Ⅰ)I've been motivated—and demotivated—by other folks' achievements all my life. __________ (三)复合句 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。在复合句中主句是全句的主体，从句是全句的一个成分，不能独立。主句与从句之间用关联词连接起来。关联词在主语与从句之间起连接作用。主从复合句主要分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。 1．名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 ►It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很明显，整个计划注定要失败。(主语从句) ►She teaches that people must take responsibility for saving their environment.她教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。(宾语从句) ►The core of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.你们关系的核心是你们将永远互相帮助。(表语从句) ►They are investigating the question whether he is trustworthy.他们正在调查他是否值得信赖。(同位语从句) 2．定语从句 定语从句在句中作定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。 关系代词有who, whom, whose, that, which, as等。关系代词所代替的先行词是表示人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。 关系副词有when, where, why等。关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作时间、地点和原因状语。 ►(2023·全国乙)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place which/that welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life. 尽管有这么多的古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方。(which/that在定语从句中作主语) ►(2024·新课标Ⅰ)It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical.它应该给你每个单词一个准确的定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。(whose在此用来指单词，在从句中作meanings的定语) ►I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。(when在定语从句中作状语，可替换成介词in＋which) ►As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.正如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。(as引导非限制性定语从句，可位于主句前面) 3．状语从句 状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引导。按意义可以分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等状语从句。 ►When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge. 当她从舞蹈中退休，儿子们最终各自成家立业后，她决定是时候冒险了。(时间状语从句) ►Since/As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.由于天气如此糟糕，我们不得不推迟我们的旅程。(原因状语从句) ►You must speak louder so that/in order that you can be heard by all.你必须大点声，这样别人才都能听见。(目的状语从句) ►He is such a young boy that he can't go to school.这男孩年龄太小，不能上学。(结果状语从句) ►If food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.如果食物浪费是一个国家，它将是世界上第三大温室气体产生国。(条件状语从句) ►Although it's raining, they are still working in the fields.虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。(让步状语从句) [即时训练2]——说出下列黑体部分的从句类型 (1)(2023·全国甲)Aesop's fables date to the sixth century, B．C.Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, as Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”． ____________ (2)(2024·新课标Ⅰ)The problem: the roads there went through large valleys where I'd be riding uphill for miles at a time.__________ (3)(2024·新课标Ⅰ)I told him where I was going, but he said he hadn't heard of the bus station.____________ (4)(2024·新课标Ⅱ)Whatever disadvantages life in Italy might have, the problems are forgotten once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family.____________ (5)(2024·新课标Ⅰ)What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients.____________ (四)并列复合句 并列复合句指并列句、复合句混合在一个句子里，或者说，一个句子里包含着多种关系：既有并列关系，又有复合关系。例如： ►Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class.每天的课堂活动都会有所不同，但学生必须准备好完成简短的课堂写作或测试，这些测试直接来自于指定的阅读材料或上节课/讨论的笔记，所以在课堂上认真做笔记是很重要的。(前1、2分句是并列关系，而第1、2分句与第3分句之间又是主从复合关系) ►Even if you fail, at least you try, and you are a better person for it.即使你失败了，至少你努力了，而且你是做这个事情的更好人选。 (前1、2分句是主从复合关系，而第1、2分句与第3分句之间又是并列关系) [即时训练3]——说出下列句子是复合句还是并列复合句 (1)But the hardest part for me is that I got an injury, an injury which may take me out for years.___________ (2)Last week she walked up to the store, but when she went to pay for her groceries, she was short about three dollars._______________ (3)You have to make sure you don't turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot._______________ 二、如何分析英语长难句 1．找谓语，找定语 一般情况下，一个谓语形式的动词对应其动作的发出者(主语)，我们可以根据谓语动词的意义来确定其主语。而且，如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语形式的动词，则该句可以是并列句或复合句(并列谓语动词的情况除外)。 ►People feared that weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory would encourage illegal hunting and hurt elephant populations.21年来，象牙交易一直明令禁止，人们担心削弱这一禁令会助长非法捕猎，导致大象数量减少。 分析：that 引导宾语从句，从句中谓语动词是would encourage和hurt，根据逻辑意义，可知would encourage和hurt 的主语是动词-ing形式weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory。 2．提主干，去枝叶 一般情况下，一个句子中的主句所表达的信息为主要信息，从句、状语和定语等所表达的信息为次要信息。若无法找出句子的主干，就不能完全把握句子的核心意义，从而导致思维混乱、主次不分。 ►Economists from the University of Sussex analysed findings from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, a 15-year research project charting the fortunes of a group of thousands of teenagers who attended high schools in the US in the mid-1990s.来自萨塞克斯大学的经济学家们分析了美国青少年健康纵向研究的结果，这项研究是一个历时15年的课题，它记录了美国20世纪90年代中期成千上万名中学生的财产情况。 分析：句子主干为Economists analysed findings, from the University of Sussex 作Economists的定语；from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health 作findings的定语；a 15-year research project作the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health 的同位语；charting…作project 的定语；who引导定语从句，修饰teenagers。 3．寻关联，辨逻辑 一些长句其实是由若干分句组成的并列句或复合句。而这些并列句或复合句之间需要一些关联词来连接。如果我们找准这些关联词，就能够弄清楚句与句之间的逻辑关系，分别弄清主句的意义和从句的意义。要掌握此方法，必须对英语中的常见的关联词谙熟于心。 ►Whether you get along well with your professors or not has a huge effect on your self-growth as it is a measure of how well you can respect authority and obey requirements. 你与教授相处是否融洽，对你的自身发展有着重要的影响，因为这是衡量你有多尊重权威和服从要求的标准。 分析：此句为复合句，句中Whether引导主语从句，as 引导原因状语从句，how well 引导宾语从句，作介词of的宾语。 4．看搭配，防分隔 有时一个长句由一个或多个搭配构成，而且这些搭配中常常出现分隔现象。若受分隔现象的干扰而看不清句子的本来面目，则对句意的理解会发生偏差。 ►Some companies have made the manufacturing of clean and safe products, to some degree, their main selling points and emphasize it in their advertising.从某种程度上说，一些公司把生产卫生、安全的产品作为它们的主要卖点，并在广告宣传中加以强调。 分析：本句属于“主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语”句型，“make＋宾语＋宾补”意为“使……成为……”，只不过宾语和宾补被to some degree隔开。 总之，在碰到长句和难句时，要根据实际情况灵活运用上述方法，在平时阅读过程中加强对长句和难句的句法分析训练。有时要几种方法综合使用，才能正确理解句意。 ►The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions. 一种文化背景下的人民不像另一种文化背景下的人民一样直率地表达他们的情感，这一事实并不意味着他们没有这些情感。 分析：本句的主干为The fact does not mean that…，其中，that they do not experience emotions为从句，作mean 的宾语。that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another为The fact 的同位语从句，其中as do members of another是状语从句，助动词do 位于主语members of another 前形成倒装，主语后省略了express their emotions。 [即时训练4]——分析下列长难句并翻译 (1)Tales from Animal Hospital will delight all fans of the programme and anyone who has a lively interest in their pet, whether it is a cat, dog or snake! 分析：本句的主干是_____________________________ _______，句中含有who引导的________________，修饰 _________；whether…or…引导____________________。 翻译：_________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ (2)Newton is shown as a gifted scientist with very human weaknesses who stood at the point in history where magic ended and science began. 分析：本句含有两个从句，分别是由who引导的____________，修饰_______________，以及where引导的________________，修饰___________。 翻译：_________________________________________ __________________________________________________ Ⅰ.判断句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句，如果是复合句，说明该句中有什么从句 1．Without my beloved beaches and endless blue-sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place.______________ 2．This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.______________ 3．The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. ______________________________ 4．Online learning allows us to learn at any time wherever we are.______________________________ 5．What pleased me most is that their artistic talent is extremely shocking.________________________________ 6．We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat.______________________ ________ 7. On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries.______________ 8．Whatever you have picked up, you must give it back to whoever it belongs to.________________________________ __________ Ⅱ.语法与写作(根据括号内要求改写句子) 1．On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth.The cloth gives off light in the dark.(用定语从句合并两句) →______________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．I would appreciate it.You could take my application into consideration.(用if状语从句合并两句) →______________________________________________________________________________ 3．I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave and at that time something occurred that attracted my attention.(用并列连词when改写) →I felt somewhat disappointed and _________________ ____________________________________________. 4．There is a chance.The chance is that he will have this essay finished tomorrow.(用同位语从句合并两句) →_____________________________________________________________________ 5．Smith lives above the McKays and it appears that he is a keen gardener and also a fish collector.(用“not only…but also…”和倒装改写画线部分) →Smith lives above the McKays and it appears that ________________________________________________. (教材P52)There was a huge debate about whether the reporter should be accused of spying on the star couple.这位记者是否应该被指控监视这对明星夫妇，这引起了激烈的争论。 accuse　vt.控告；控诉；谴责 ①accuse sb of (doing) sth 指责/控告某人(做了)某事 ②the accused 被告 ③accusation n．指控；控告；指责 ④charge sb with (doing) sth 控告某人(做)某事 blame sb for (doing) sth 责备某人(做)某事 The board accused her of (＝charged her with) using the company's money for her own purposes. 董事会指责她把公司的钱挪作己用。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)The___________(accuse) employed a lawyer in defence of him. (2)He denied the ______________(accuse) that he had ignored the problems. [习作练笔]——一句多译 (3)麦克被指控在竞赛中作弊了，这确实让我们大家很惊讶。 ①Mike _________________ cheating in the competition, which really surprised all of us.(accuse) ②Mike _________________ cheating in the competition, which really surprised all of us.(charge) ③Mike _________________ cheating in the competition, which really surprised all of us.(blame) (教材P52)So I come to a conclusion that if you want a great career, you need to commit yourself to something meaningful. 所以我得出了一个结论，如果你想成就一番伟大的事业，你需要专注于一些有意义的事情。 come to a conclusion　得出结论 ①arrive at/reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论 in conclusion总之；最后 ②concludev.断定；总结；终止；达成(协议等) conclude 从……中推断出…… conclude sth以……结束…… They came to a conclusion that someone had broken into the room and stolen something important.他们得出的结论是，有人闯入房间，偷走了一些重要的东西。 [联想] 除in conclusion外，写作时还常常用到下面短语作为全文总结语：in short, in a word, in brief, all in all, to sum up, briefly speaking, on the whole。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)_____ conclusion, only by being smart online learners can we truly enjoy the benefits of modern technology. (2)He concluded his speech ________ a famous saying, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” [习作练笔]——一句多译 (3)我从我自己的经历中得出结论：患难见真情。 ①I ___________________________________________ my own experiences that a friend in need is a friend indeed. (conclusion) ②I ________________ my own experiences that a friend in need is a friend indeed.(concluded) (教材P53)dedicated his life to research on seeds 将他的一生致力于种子研究 dedicate　vt.把……奉献给；献题词；为(建筑物等)举行落成典礼 ①dedicate (oneself/one's time/one's life) to doing…(把……)奉献给……；致力于 ②dedicatedadj.献身的；专心致志的；专用的 be dedicated to奉献于……；致力于…… ③dedicationn.奉献 [联想] 表示“致力于做某事”的短语有：devote oneself to doing sth, apply oneself to doing sth。 A memorial stone was dedicated to those who were killed in the war. 为阵亡将士纪念碑举行了落成典礼。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)______________(dedicate) herself to teaching the deaf children, the young lady has little time to care for her own son. (2)The young teacher is totally_____________(dedicate) and brings out the best in his pupils. (3)Our headmaster has been dedicating his life to _____________(improve) our teaching conditions. (4)The value of life lies in the ______________(dedicate) but not in what we get. [习作练笔]——一句多译 (5)令人钦佩的是，贝西毕生致力于参与公共福利项目。 ①It is admirable that Bassie _______________________ _________________ public welfare programmes. ②It is admirable that Bassie _______________________ ___ public welfare programmes. $$