UNIT 9 Section Ⅳ LESSON 2 & LESSON 3（课件PPT）-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册（北师大版2024）

HUMAN BIOLOGY UNIT 9 Section Ⅳ　LESSON 2 & LESSON 默写练习(六) 课文研读·发展思维品质 目 录 Contents 课时作业(十三) 语基输入·助力语言输出 默写练习(六) 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） 课文研读·发展思维品质 definition occurred collaboration 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） the which called 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） killing in adaptation resulted 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） have been happening to get treatments 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） 语基输入·助力语言输出 . 1 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） contains containing included including 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） I couldn't contain myself 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） 2 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） in location 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） located 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） 3 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） various from of 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） The variation in climate across different regions 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） 4 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） classified classification into classify these books as 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） 5 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） to building On the other hand, there are those opposed to this view. 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） 6 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） burying was buried himself 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） buried in reading Burying himself in his lessons 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） 7 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） underlined of 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） underline the positive and negative words respectively 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） 8 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） With so many strange faces around her with questions answered 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） 课时作业(十三) 返回目录 　 英语　选择性必修　第三册（BS） 制 作 者：状元桥 适用对象：高中学生 制作软件：Powerpoint2010、 Photoshop cs3 运行环境：WindowsXP以上操作系统 Lesson 3 Epidemics<1> Explained An epidemic is ①the name given to an infectious disease that rapidly spreads to a large number of people within a short period of time—usually two weeks or less.Epidemics have been happening for as long as there have been people living on Earth.They can be caused by several different factors<2>， ②such as a virus<3> being carried into an area, or changes in the way people live, like more people living in an area, which increases the chances of them coming into contact with a virus or bacteria<4>． ①本句中given to an infectious disease为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词name；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词disease。 ②本句中being carried…是分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词a virus。 Each disease can only officially<5> be classified<6> as an epidemic once a certain number of deaths have occurred from the disease.The number of deaths is different for every disease.So a very rare<7> disease will have a low baseline<8> and just a few cases of it in one place will be classified as an epidemic；as opposed<9> to more common diseases, such as the flu, that have a higher baseline.③The common cold is a widespread<10> virus that affects millions of people, but it is not seen as being a serious enough condition to deserve the classification<11> of an epidemic. ③本句整体为but连接的表示转折关系的并列句，其中第一个分句中含有that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词virus。 ④With recent press reports drawing parallels<12> between bird flu and killer epidemics of the past, Jim Smith looks at the sometimes depressing<13> history of epidemics for clues about how we can create a more positive future without epidemics. ④本句中含有“with＋宾语＋现在分词”的复合结构。 Since bird flu first appeared in 1997, it has taken more than a hundred lives.Many people fear it could be the next global epidemic, ⑤especially as scientists who have gone into detail studying tissue samples<14> from the bodies of people who died of the 1918 Spanish Flu have proved that bird flu is a modern adaptation of that virus. ⑤本句中as引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”；who引导定语从句，第一个who修饰先行词scientists，第二个who修饰people；第一个that引导宾语从句。 One of the earliest epidemics on record happened between about 500 and 550 CE<15>．Scientists now estimate<16> ⑥that up to 50% of the area's population died from the epidemic, making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire.Then, in the 1330s, this epidemic returned, this time in Asia.It spread rapidly to Europe and became known as “The Black Death” because one visible<17> symptom<18> was black spots on the body. ⑥本句中that引导宾语从句；making it…为现在分词短语作状语，表示结果。 Centuries later, the Great Flu Epidemic of 1918, also called the Spanish Flu, struck near the end of World War I．Families who had only just got through the war now had to bury<19> their loved ones who had died of the disease.As a result of the war, more people were travelling and moving perhaps than ever before in history and this caused the epidemic to spread worldwide.Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months, the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most severe epidemic in history.More people died of the flu than died in the war.Initially, many people believed ⑦that such epidemics no longer posed<20> a threat until very recently when SARS became a cause for concern. ⑦此处含有that引导的宾语从句；when引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”。 The SARS epidemic began in 2002 with a case of lung<21> disease in Guangdong Province.It spread to Canada, Vietnam and Singapore and lasted until 2003. SARS was examined by scientists, who were confused by this new disease and wanted to learn more about it and its causes. Infection rates went up steadily<22>， and in the course of the outbreak<23>， about 8,000 people were infected over nine months.Since the end of the SARS epidemic, scientists have been doing trials<24> on treatments to prevent any future outbreaks. Then, from 2013 to 2016, there was the most widespread outbreak of the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in West Africa, which resulted in a major loss of life in a number of west African countries.11,310 deaths were officially recorded, but the actual<25> number of deaths is probably much higher.The virus was extremely infectious and the survival rate was as low as 30% in some areas, indicating that very few people got over it. Despite, or perhaps because of, the epidemics the world has faced in recent years, governments worldwide have underlined<26> ⑧the fact that they want thorough<27> and systematic<28> medical research on epidemics to get at the causes and come up with cures as soon as possible.Countries will need to work together to do this because teamwork among nations across the globe<29> can save lives. ⑧本句中that引导同位语从句。 <1>epidemic n．传染病，流行病 <2>factor n．因素，要素 <3>virus n．病毒 <4>bacteria n．细菌 <5>officially adv.官方地，正式地 <6>classify vt.将……分类；把……归入一类 <7>rare adj.稀有的，罕见的，不常发生的 <8>baseline n．(医学或科学中的)基线，准线 <9>opposed adj.与某事物相反；反对某事物，不赞成某事物 <10>widespread adj.分布广的，广泛流传的 <11>classification n．归类，分类，分级 <12>parallel n．(不同地点或不同时间的两事物之间的)联系，相似 adj.平行的 <13>depressing adj.令人沮丧的，让人忧愁的 <14>sample n．样本，样品 vt.品尝，尝试；对……做抽样调查 <15>CE公元(用于日期后) <16>estimate vt.估计，估算 <17>visible adj.看得见的 <18>symptom n．症状；征兆，症候 <19>bury vt.埋葬，安葬；埋藏 <20>pose vt.造成，引起，产生(问题、危险、困难等) n．(为画像、拍照等而摆的)姿势，姿态 <21>lung n．肺 <22>steadily adv.稳定地 <23>outbreak n．(战争或疾病)爆发，突然发生 <24>trial n．试验；审判，审理 <25>actual adj.实际的，真实的 <26>underline vt.强调，使突出；在……之下画线 <27>thorough adj.彻底的，全面的，详尽的 <28>systematic adj.系统化的，有条理的 <29>globe n．地球，世界；地球仪 流行病探因 流行病是指在短时间内(通常两周或更短)迅速在大量人群中传播的传染性疾病。自地球上有人类生活以来，流行病就一直存在。它们可能由不同因素引起，例如病毒被带入某个地区，或者由于人们生活方式的改变，比如说某一地区居住的人群增多，从而增加了接触病毒或细菌的概率。 只有致死病例达到一定数量，某种疾病才会被正式定性为流行病。每种疾病的死亡数量各不相同。罕见疾病的基线很低，即使某一地区只出现少数病例，也会被认定为流行病；与此相反，常见疾病的基线较高，如流感。普通感冒由一种广泛传播的病毒引起，可感染数百万人，但它并没严重到可以被称为流行病。 最近有新闻报道，吉姆·史密斯将禽流感和过去致命的流行病做对比，在屡屡令人感到沮丧的流行病史中寻找线索，从而创造一个远离流行病的美好未来。 禽流感自1997年首次出现以来，已经夺去了一百多人的生命。科学家们仔细研究了1918年西班牙流感死亡者尸体的组织样本，证明禽流感是该病毒的现代变异版本，许多人担心它可能会引起下一场全球流行病。 人类有记载的最早的流行病，大约发生在公元500年至550年之间。现今科学家估计，发病区域多达50%的人口死于这一流行病，成为罗马帝国衰落的一个主要原因。接着，14世纪30年代，这一流行病又卷土重来，这次发生在亚洲，并迅速传播到欧洲。由于患者身上会出现明显的黑斑症状，这种流行病被称为“黑死病”。 几个世纪后，第一次世界大战快结束时爆发了1918年大流感，又称西班牙流感。刚刚熬过战争的人们现在不得不埋葬他们死于疾病的亲人。战争引发的人口流动前所未有，从而导致这一流行病蔓延到全世界。西班牙流感在18个月内造成5 000万人死亡，成为历史上最严重的流行病。死于该病的人比死于战争的人还要多。最初，人们以为这种大规模流行病不会再对人类构成威胁，直至非典出现，再次让全球陷入担忧。 非典疫情始于2002年广东省的一例肺部疾病，后蔓延到加拿大、越南和新加坡，并一直持续到2003年。科学家对这种新型疾病感到困惑，对SARS病毒进行检测，以期了解该病与致病原因的更多信息。非典的感染率不断上升，在爆发期九个月内感染了约8 000人，非典疫情结束后，科学家们一直在试验各种治疗手段，以防止未来疫情再爆发。 随后，2013年到2016年间，西非爆发了大规模传染病——埃博拉出血热(EVD)，夺去了这一地区多个国家的很多人的生命。官方统计的死亡人数为11 310人，而实际死亡人数可能要更高。该病毒传染性极强，一些地区的存活率低至30%，也就是说很少有人能康复。 尽管(或者是因为)近年来全球爆发了流行病，世界各国政府都已经强调，要对流行病进行彻底和系统的医学研究，以便尽快找出原因并找到治疗方法。这需要各个国家的共同努力，因为全球各国之间的团队合作才能拯救生命。 1．Skim the passage and fill in the blanks. Paras.1～2：The(1)______________ and features of an epidemic. Paras.3～8：Epidemics that have (2)____________ in human history. Para.9：A global (3)_________________ to find a cure for the epidemic. 2．What's the main idea of this passage? The passage is mainly about the causes of epidemic diseases by introducing some epidemic diseases in human history.　 1．Choose the best answer. (1)What can we learn from the text? A．Epidemics are the only cause of the fall of the Roman Empire. B．Bird Flu has nothing to do with the Spanish Flu. C．Viruses have been going along with life. D．The SARS epidemic swept through the whole Europe. 答案　C (2)Which of the following epidemics happened the earliest? A．The Black Death. B．The Great Flu Epidemic. C．The SARS. D．The EVD. 答案　A 答案　A (3)When did the most severe epidemic in history happen? A．In 1997. B．In 2002. C．In 2013. D．In 1918. 答案　D (4)What is the author's attitude towards man's struggle against epidemics? A．Positive. B．Doubtful. C．Critical. D．Hopeless. (5)Where is the text probably taken from? A．An entertainment Web page. B．The Nobel Prize Web page. C．The Travel Web page. D．The WHO Web page. 答案　D (6)How does the text develop? A．In order of time. B．In order of space. C．In order of logic. D．In order of place. 答案　A 2．Reread the passage and fill in the blanks. An epidemic is the rapid spread of an infectious disease within a short period of time, causing a certain number of deaths, (1)_______ number of which is different for every disease. Professor Jim Smith found that one of the earliest epidemics happened as early as 500 to 550 CE, (2)_________ killed half of the area's population.The same epidemic, (3)__________(call) “The Black Death” returned in the 1330s in Asia and spread quickly to Europe.Some hundred years later,the Great Flu Epidemic broke out in 1918, (4)_________ (kill) 50 million people in 18 months, which was the most severe epidemic (5)______ history.The 1997 bird flu, an (6)______________(adapt) of the Great Flu, claimed over 100 lives.The SARS epidemic began in 2002, and infected about 8,000 people over nine months.From 2013 to 2016, the most widespread outbreak of the Ebola Virus Disease (7)_________ (result) in 11,310 deaths in West Africa alone. Epidemics (8)_______________________(happen) for as long as there have been people living on Earth.They are still the common issue the world has faced in recent years, so all the countries need to work together (9)__________(get) at the causes and come up with effective (10)__________________ (treatment) for epidemics as soon as possible. (教材P110)It uses twenty percent of the body's energy and it contains over one hundred billion cells.它使用人体20%的能量，并且它包含超过1 000亿个细胞。 contain　vt.包含，容纳，装盛；容忍；控制 ①contain oneself with…　用……控制自己 contain oneself 自制；忍耐 ②container n．容器 Little Tom felt the bag, curious to know what items it contained.小汤姆摸着包，急于知道里面有什么物品。(心理描写) [点津] contain指包含或容纳的全部内容或某物的成分；include指作为整体中的一部分而被包括进去，常使用“including＋被包括部分”或“被包括部分＋included”的结构。 [融会练通]——选词填空(contain, include) (1)The package ____________ a number of letters in great disorder. (2)I'm on a diet.I have to avoid food ______________ fat and sugar. (3)The group consists of nine members, three girls ____________. (4)We went to the party, _____________ my father and mother. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (5)我太生气了，以至于无法控制我自己。 I was so angry that _____________________________. (教材P110)But even more interesting than locating different areas of the brain is… 但比定位大脑不同区域更有趣的是…… locate　vi.&vt.找出……的准确位置 ①located　adj.位于 be located in/on/at 位于，坐落于 ②location n．位置 The museum is located in a park surrounded by a number of beautiful buildings. 博物馆坐落在一个公园里，这个公园被许多漂亮的建筑物包围着。(景点介绍) [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)Is the Oriental Pearl Tower located ______ the center of Shanghai? (2)What is the exact ___________(locate) of the business ship? [习作练笔]——词汇升级 (3)The heart is situated roughly in the center of the chest cavity.___________ (教材P58)A new epidemic can be a different variation of a virus that people caught in the past. 一种新的流行病可能是人们过去感染的一种病毒的不同变种。 variation　n．变化物，变体；差异，变动 ①variety n.多样化 a variety of/varieties of 多种多样的 ②vary v.改变，使多样化 vary with随……而变化 vary from…to…从……到……不等 ③various adj.不同的，各种各样的 Some students expressed their great concern for the situation of wild animals, and others put forward a wide variety of measures to protect them.一些学生表达了他们对野生动物状况的极大关注，其他人提出了各种各样的措施来保护它们。(动物保护) [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)Beijing is filled with people from ___________(vary) parts of China. (2)The weather there varies ________ very cold to quite mild. (3)We have varieties ______ flowers in our garden. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (4)不同地区的气候变化使得规划度假变得具有挑战性。(计划安排) ________________________________________ makes it challenging to plan a vacation. (教材P58)Each disease can only officially be classified as an epidemic once a certain number of deaths have occurred from the disease. 只有致死病例达到一定数量，某种疾病才会被正式定性为流行病。 classify　vt.将……分类；把……归入一类 ①classify sth by/according to…　依据……分类 classify…into… 把……分类成…… classify…as… 把……分类为…… ②classified adj.分类的，归类的 classification n．分类，归类，分级 Hundreds of new books need classifying and arranging in order on the shelves.数以百计的新书需要分类并按顺序整理到书架上。(事物介绍) [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)He glanced his eyes down the ___________ (classify) advertisements while waiting for the bus. (2)For the convenience of our ____________________ (classify), any over eighteen years old is counted as an adult. (3)Properties are classified ________ two main groups, physical and chemical properties. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (4)图书馆管理员把这些书归类为小说。 The librarians ___________________________ novels. (教材P58)…as opposed to more common diseases, such as the flu, that have a higher baseline.……与此相反，常见疾病的基线较高，如流感。 opposed　adj.与某事物相反；反对某事物，不赞成某事物 ①be opposed to (doing) sth反对(做)某事 ②oppose vt.反对；抵制 oppose (doing) sth 反对(做)某事 ③opposing adj.(观点、意见等)相反的，相对立的 Just as the pie chart shows, 70% of them oppose the view.正如饼状图所示，70%的人反对这一观点。(观点介绍) [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)On the other hand, there are those who are opposed ______ this view. (2)Many local people opposed ____________(build) the new airport. [习作练笔]——句型转换 (3)____________________________________________________________[把句(1)改为简单句] (教材P59)Families who had only just got through the war now had to bury their loved ones who had died of the disease.刚刚熬过战争的人们现在不得不埋葬他们死于疾病的亲人。 bury　vt.埋葬，安葬；埋藏；隐藏；使沉浸；使专心 ①be buried in＝bury oneself in　埋头于；专心于 ②bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面 But he still refused to look at me, his head buried in his arms with a whispered “no”. He huddled like a wounded cat. 但他仍然拒绝看我，他的头埋在怀里，低声说“不”。他蜷缩成一团，像一只受伤的猫。 [点津] 表示“专心于；致力于”的短语还有： (1)be devoted to　　　 (2)be lost in (3)be engaged in (4)be absorbed in (5)focus/concentrate on [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)The girl was sitting there, ___________(bury) her face in her hands. (2)He sat at a wooden table and ______________(bury) in reading. (3)He buried ___________(he) in his lessons and knew nothing about the outside world. [习作练笔]——句式升级 (4)He sat at a wooden table, _____________________. [用过去分词短语作状语改写句(2)] (5)____________________________, he knew nothing about the outside world.[用现在分词短语作状语改写句(3)] (教材P59)…governments worldwide have underlined the fact that they want thorough and systematic medical research on epidemics… ……世界各国政府都已经强调，要对流行病进行彻底和系统的医学研究…… underline　vt.强调，使突出；在……之下画线 ①underline the importance of… 　强调……的重要性 ②underlined adj.有下划线的 the underlined word 有下划线的单词 We cannot underline the importance of protecting our eyes too much.我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。(现象介绍) [点津] 表示“强调”的词汇还有put emphasis on；emphasize；stress等。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)Translate the ______________(underline) sentence into Chinese. (2)The report underlines the importance _____ preschool education. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (3)老师要求学生拿出两支彩笔，分别在表示肯定和否定意义的词下面画线。 The teacher asked the students to take two coloured pens and ______________________________________________. (教材P58)With recent press reports drawing parallels between bird flu and killer epidemics of the past, Jim Smith looks at the sometimes depressing history of epidemics for clues about how we can create a more positive future without epidemics.最近有新闻报道，吉姆·史密斯将禽流感和过去致命的流行病做对比，在屡屡令人感到沮丧的流行病史中寻找线索，从而创造一个远离流行病的美好未来。 句型公式：with复合结构 with＋宾语＋ Hearing my words, David turned to me tremblingly with tears spilling out of his eyes.听到我的话，大卫颤抖地转过身来，泪水从眼里流出来。(动作、神情描写) [点津] 当with后的宾语和作宾语补足语的动词之间是主谓关系时，常用v.-ing形式；如果是动宾关系，则用v.-ed形式；动词不定式表示将来发生的动作。 [习作练笔]——补全句子 (1)她周围有这么多陌生面孔，小女孩开始哭了起来。 _______________________________________,the little girl started to cry. (2)我们今天的话题是“澳大利亚特有的生物”，由野生动物专家吉姆·史密斯博士回答问题。 Our topic today is “Creatures Unique to Australia”， _______________________ by wildlife expert, Dr.Jim Smith. $$