专题01 Unit5～Unit7复习课件 - 2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期中考点大串讲（北师大版2019）

高二下学期·期中考点串讲 目录 Unit5-Unit7重点再现 have/get+宾语+宾语补足语 过去分词（短语）作状语 it的用法 01 Unit5 重点再现 Unit5 Education 一、重点短语 1．The show ______________(开始于) a piece of music familiar to people in their fifties. 2．People have few real friends. And they need to _________(敞开心扉) to each other. 3．Today, I ____ just as ____________________(对……充满热情) my job as the day I first started. started with open up am enthusiastic about 4．I have made rapid progress in my English __________________ (在……的帮助下) my English teacher. 5．The clown could change his expression from sadness to happiness ____________(瞬间). 6．___________(某种程度上), I'm glad that it happened because it taught me a valuable lesson. with the help of in a flash In a way 7．________________(首先), the pressure on her was very heavy, but it's eased off a bit now. 8．When we ____________(违背) inner voice, we usually feel uncomfortable throughout our lives. 9．Now I can walk to work ____________(而不是) going by car. To start with go against instead of 10．The proposal _____________(提出)by the president aims to help promote fully automatic driving. 11．It's not surprising that her mother doesn't ____________(同意) her idea. 12．_________________(换句话说), when it comes to cities—or anything else—it is hard to predict the future. 13．This song has encouraged so many teenagers to ___________ (为……而战) their dreams. put forward approve of In other words fight for 二、重点句型 1．because引导表语从句 This was ___________________________________(因为她看不见也听不见).(Para.1) 2．现在分词短语作状语 __________________________________(跑下楼去见我的母亲), I held up my hand and made the letters for “doll”．(Para.3) because she couldn't see or hear Running downstairs to my mother 3．now that引导原因状语从句 ___________________________________________(由于海伦理解了语言的关键), she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.(Para.5) Now that Helen grasped the key to language 4．because引导原因状语从句 Her words puzzled me very much _______________________________ ___________________________________(因为以往我只有触碰到实际物体，才能理解它的意思).(Para.6) [分析]　此句中还含有unless引导的__________从句。 5．it作形式宾语 ____________________________(我觉得很奇怪) my teacher could not show me love.(Para.8) because I did not then understand anything unless I touched it 条件状语 I thought it strange that 6．“It was the first time (that) sb. had done sth.”意为“这/那是某人第一次做某事。” _________________________________________________________(那是海伦第一次明白复杂单词的意思)—a word for something she couldn't touch.(Para.10) It was the first time Helen had understood such a complex word 7．“not only...but (also)...”意为“不但……而且……” Obviously, certain kinds of knowledge ___________________________ __________________________________________________________(不仅是从事某些职业所必需的，也是为世界做贡献所必需的). are necessary not only to pursue certain careers but also to contribute to the world 8．with复合结构 At that time, people believed more in the church than in facts, and people like Galileo Galilei (1564-1642), who proved the idea that “the Earth is not the centre of the universe”， were often punished by the church _____________________________________(没有人会为他们辩护).(Para.2) [分析]　此句中还含有who引导的______________从句。 with no one coming to their defence 非限制性定语 9．what引导宾语从句 The church and many people tended to ignore the facts and didn't want to challenge ___________________________________________ (他们一直以来深信不疑的东西).(Para.2) 10．that引导同位语从句 People make the assumption __________________________________ ____________________________________(如果一个重要的、受人尊敬的人说某件事是对的), then it must be so.(Para.3) what they had always comfortably believed that if someone important and respected says that something is right 02 have/get+宾语+宾语补足语 情境导入 Learning a foreign language can ① get us to know about a different culture, which can also ② get our eyes broadened. So most parents ③ have their children studying several hours even after school. They think their children can ④ have their study skill improved in this way. However, too much pressure may ⑤ have the kids lose interest in language learning. 规则感悟 1. 铺灰处①为 “get sb. to do sth.” 结构，意为 “使某人做某事”； 2. 铺灰处②、④为 “get/have sth. done” 结构，意为 “请/让别人做某事；(宾语)遭遇某事”； 3. 铺灰处③为 “have sb. doing sth.” 结构，意为 “让某人/某物一直做某事”； 4. 铺灰处⑤为 “have sb. do sth.” 结构，意为 “使某人做某事”。 一、have＋宾语＋宾语补足语   (1)(教材P30)By the time she was seven years old, she still couldn't speak, read or write and needed to have everything done for her. 她七岁时，仍不会说话，不能读书也不会写字，一切都需要别人照顾。 (2)The teacher had us hand in our homework on time. 老师让我们按时交作业。 (3)His parents had him staying at home all the time. 他的父母老是让他待在家里。 (4)I had my wallet stolen on my way home last Monday. 上周一在回家的路上，我的钱包被人偷走了。 (5)It is too hot, so you must have all the windows open. 天太热了，因此你必须打开所有的窗户。 (6)It's sunny today. You'd better have your flowers out. 今天阳光灿烂，你最好把你的花拿出来。 (7)I'm sure I will have him in the argument. 我相信我会让他参与辩论。 　　以上各句中的have均为使役动词，构成“________________________”结构，其中句(1)(2)(3)(4)中的宾语补足语分别为__________、____________________、__________、__________，句(5)(6)(7)中的宾语补足语分别为________、______、__________。 have＋宾语＋宾语补足语 过去分词 省略to的动词不定式 现在分词 过去分词 形容词 副词 介词短语 语法探究 　　“have sth. done”结构有以下含义： (1)表示“让别人做某事”，强调主语的主观意志，相当于get sth. done。 *Mrs.Smith had two of her bad teeth taken out last week. 上周，史密斯夫人请人拔掉了她的两颗坏牙。 (2)表示“遭遇某事”，强调宾语客观遭受到某件事。 *Many people had their houses damaged in the earthquake. 许多人的房子在地震中被破坏了。 对点练习 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)I had my children _______(clean) the house before you arrived. (2)We shouldn't sit too close to a fire in order not to have our clothes _______(burn). (3)We have your medicine __________(prepare) now. (4)He was very funny and had us __________(laugh) all the way. clean burnt prepared laughing 对点练习 (5)请准备好你的车票，火车就要来了。 Please ________________________ and the train is coming. (6)今天下午我要请人修自行车。 I'll _______________________ this afternoon. (7)老师让学生们写一篇关于他们暑假的作文。 The teacher ________________________ a composition about their summer vacation. have your ticket ready have my bike repaired had her students write 二、get＋宾语＋宾语补足语 (1)(教材P31)Finally, she got the world of words opened up to her. 最终，她打开了语言世界的大门。 (2)He got his son to post the letter. 他让他的儿子去寄这封信。 (3)It's not hard to get him talking. The problem is stopping him. 让他说话不难，难的是让他停止讲话。 (4)I can't get the door open.　我打不开门。 　　以上各句中的get均为使役动词，构成“_______________________”结构，其中句(1)(2)(3)中的宾语补足语分别为__________、____________、__________，句(4)中的宾语补足语为________。 语法探究 get＋宾语＋宾语补足语 过去分词 动词不定式 现在分词 形容词 　　在使役动词中，let、 have、 make后接动词不定式作宾语补足语时，动词不定式不带to，而get、 leave、 cause后接动词不定式作宾语补足语时则要带to。 对点练习 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)My father is stubborn. I can't get him ___________(change) his mind. (2)The captain got the soldiers ________(move) towards the front after a short rest. (3)I'll get my room __________(unlock) because I had left my keys inside. to change moving unlocked (4)I'd like to get my brother _________(book) the air ticket for me. (5)他请人来修理了汽车，最终让汽车发动了。 He _____________________ at last by asking someone to repair it. (6)我踢足球时不小心把腿摔伤了。 I _________________ carelessly while playing football. 对点练习 to book got the car started got my leg hurt 三、“have/get＋宾语＋done”结构在各种时态中的运用 (1)The teacher often has/gets my homework handed in after school. 老师经常让我放学后交作业。 (2)She had/got her fingers caught in the door. 她的手指让门夹了。 (3)He is having/getting his eyes examined now. 他现在正在检查他的眼睛。 (4)The old man was having/getting his hair cut at this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候那位老人正在理发。 (5)I have had/got all the branches cut up for firewood. 我已经把所有的树枝都砍了当柴火。 (6)When he got home, his father had had/got the computer repaired. 当他到家时，他的父亲已经请人把电脑修好了。 (7)You will have/get your body tested. 你要检查一下你的身体。 语法探究 　　句(1)中的时态为____________；句(2)中的时态为____________；句(3)中的时态为____________；句(4)中的时态为____________；句(5)中的时态为____________；句(6)中的时态为____________；句(7)中的时态为____________。 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般将来时 时态 结构 一般现在时 has/have/gets/get sth. done 一般过去时 had/got sth. done 现在进行时 am/is/are having/getting sth. done 过去进行时 was/were having/getting sth. done 现在完成时 has/have had/got sth. done 过去完成时 had had/got sth. done 一般将来时 will have/get sth. done 对点练习 完成句子 (1)昨天你打电话过来的时候，我正在做指甲。 I ___________________________________ when you called yesterday. (2)在我去北京之前，我的妈妈已经把我的上衣缝好了。 My mom ______________________________ before I went to Beijing. was having/getting my nails done had had/got my jacket sewed (3)我们开始帮忙摘桃子，然后让人把它们送到农民家里。 We began to help pick peaches and then _________________________ ________________________． (4)你必须更加努力学习以实现自己的目标，因为时间是有限的。 You must study harder to ______________________________, because time is limited. had/got them delivered to the farmers' houses have/get your goal achieved 03 Unit6 重点再现 Unit6 The Media 一、重点短语 1．We should help our mothers do some housework __________________ (每天). 2．I just want to go home and _____________(补上) some sleep. 3．The printer has __________(遗漏) two lines from this paragraph. 4．There is no denying that reading books of traditional culture can ___________________(对……有影响) the children. on a daily basis catch up on left out have an impact on 5．We all need to ________________(参加) saving energy whether we are at work, at home, or at school. 6．I'm writing to ask for your guidance on a short play, which _________________(改编自) one of our texts. 7．I would be grateful if you could ______ my suggestions ____________________(把……考虑在内) at your convenience. 8．As is known to us all, red ____________(代表) happiness in traditional Chinese culture. be involved in is adapted from take into consideration stands for 9．In other words, if you want to be healthy, you have to cut down on desserts, and _________(戒掉) sweet drinks altogether. 10．Having ______________(经历) many hardships together, the couple love each other more. 11．While you're writing the case study, I'd recommend you think about what kind of information would ________________(适合) use in your presentation. cut out gone through be suitable to 12．As is known to us, life _____________(由……组成) not only sunshine but also storms. 13．However, no matter how attractive the Internet is, we shouldn't be ________________(和……区分开) our loved ones. 14．Having been painted red, the building ____________(显眼) among the rest and looks very attractive. consists of separated from stands out 二、重点句型 1．部分否定 Although highly regarded books _______________________________ (并不总是能拍出好的电影), it is safe to say that great films may be made from not particularly good books.(Para.1) do not always make good films 2．特殊疑问词＋动词不定式 Since a typical film is only around two hours long, it becomes a question for screenwriters to decide what is appropriate for the screen and ___________________(要删除什么).(Para.3) 3．动词-ing形式作主语 ________________________________________(找到电影观众所接受的演员) can mean the difference between success and failure.(Para.4) what to leave out Finding actors acceptable to film audiences 4．where引导表语从句 This is ________________________________________________(我认为很多电影改编失败的地方).(Para.4) where I think many film adaptations fall down 5．find＋宾语＋宾语补足语 In my opinion, newspaper businesses will _________________________ (发现它更难生存) in the future. 6．强调句型 In the past, ________________________________(是报纸编辑) decided what was news and covered it, but now anyone can. find it much harder to survive it was the newspaper editor who 7．“名词＋of which”引导定语从句 It was likely to be the name of a company, ________________________ _____________________________(其中部分可能包含地点的名称) from which the product originated.(Para.2) 8．as引导原因状语从句 ______________________________________________(因为现在的广告商通常有很多预算), huge amounts of money are spent on applying modern design techniques to make these advertisements as visually attractive as possible.(Para.3) part of which might include the name of the place As present-day advertisers often have large budgets 04 it 的用法 情境导入 ①It is admirable that despite facing the disaster, our government has shown solid determination and taken timely and effective measures to deal with ②it. Truly, we should appreciate ③it that all the brave people have made great efforts to carry out the disaster relief work, and ④it is their courage and fearlessness that have brought confidence as well as safety to our people. 规则感悟 1. 铺灰处①在句中作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句； 2. 铺灰处②是代词，指代前面的disaster； 3. 铺灰处③在句中作形式宾语。动词appreciate、like、love、hate等之后不能直接接宾语从句，需要先接it，再接宾语从句； 4. 铺灰处④与后面的is、that构成强调句型“It is/was…that/who…”。 　　代词it可以用来代替名词、短语、从句或句子，以避免它们在句中的重复，也可在句中作形式主语或形式宾语，以及用于强调句型及其他固定句式中。 一、it表示指代 (1)It's time to have supper. 该吃晚饭了。 (2)It often rains here in summer. 这里夏天经常下雨。 (3)It is twenty miles from here to the village. 从这里到村子有二十英里。 (4)It was very quiet in the garden. 花园里很安静。 (5)—Where is the dog? ——狗在哪里？ —It is lying under the tree. ——它正躺在树下。 (6)Is it a boy or a girl? 这是一个男孩还是女孩？ (7)The Smiths bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in. 史密斯一家买了一栋新房子，但要搬进去之前还需要做很多事情。 语法探究 　　句(1)中的it表示______；句(2)中的it表示______；(3)句中的it表示______；句(4)中的it表示______；句(5)中的it表示前文提到的_____；句(6)中的it表示________________；句(7)中的it表示双方都知道的_______。 时间 天气 距离 环境 dog 不明性别的婴儿 house 1．it在句中可指天气、时间、距离、环境等； 2．it指代前面所提到过的事情、事物； 3．it指代身份不明的人或不明性别的婴儿； 4．it指代未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况。 it 特指前面提到过的同一个人或者物 that(those) 可以指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词，指代单数可数名词时相当于the one。其复数形式为those，相当于the ones one(ones) 指代前面出现过的那类事物中的“一个”，其复数形式为ones 对点练习 完成句子/选词填空(it、 one、 that、 those) (1)既然你答应写这篇文章，你就必须写。 Since you promised to write the article, ________________． (2)——费用是多少？ —What's the cost? ——二十美元。 —_______________________． you must do it It's twenty dollars (3)从这里到北京有多远？ ________________ from here to Beijing? (4)工厂关闭时，就意味着500名工人将失业。 When the factory closes, ______________ 500 workers will be out of work. (5)He has a car and she wants to buy ____． (6)I saw many new phones in the store, so I asked my father to buy _____ for me. How far is it it will mean it one (7)The weather in Shanghai is warmer than ______ in Harbin in winter. (8)The students who do best in the exam are not always _______ with the best brains. that those 二、it作形式主语和形式宾语 (1)(教材P52)It's normal to have high expectations when a film of a favourite book is made. 当人们最喜欢的书籍被制作成电影时，他们对电影有很高的期望值是正常的。 (2)(教材P52)It is safe to say that great films may be made from not particularly good books. 可以肯定地说，优秀的电影也可能来自不是那么好的书。 (3)(教材P53)This can actually be a disadvantage because they may be too close to the material and find it difficult to adapt to a new form. 这实际上是一个不足，因为他们可能过于忠于书中内容，并发现很难适应一种新的形式。 (4)I find it easy to get on with Jim. 我发现与吉姆相处很容易。 (5)I have made it clear that nobody is allowed to smoke here. 我已经明确表示，这里不允许任何人吸烟。 (6)I'd appreciate it if you take my request into consideration. 如果您能考虑一下我的请求，我将不胜感激。 语法探究 　　句(1)(2)中的it作__________；句(3)(4)(5)(6)中的it作__________。 形式主语 形式宾语 it作形式主语或形式宾语，常用于下列句式中： 1．it作形式主语的常用句型： (1)It be＋adj.(＋for/of sb.)＋to do sth. (2)It be＋adj.＋that从句 (3)It be＋n.＋to do sth. (4)It is no good/use/useless doing sth. (5)It's (well) worth doing sth. (6)It be＋名词词组(a pity/a fact/no wonder/...)＋that从句 (7)It＋特殊动词(短语)(seems/appears/happens/matters/hits/turns out/occurs to sb./...)＋that从句 (8)It be＋过去分词＋that从句 (9)It takes (sb.) some time/some money to do sth. 　　在句型“It be＋adj. (＋for/of sb.)＋to do sth.”中，若形容词表示对逻辑主语的评价时，不定式前用of sb., 常见的形容词有kind、 clever、 stupid、 brave、 wrong、 wise等。若形容词说明不定式所表示的行为的性质和特点时，不定式前用for sb.，常见的形容词有difficult、 easy、 hard、 important、 impossible、 necessary、 possible等。 2．it作形式宾语的常用句型： (1)主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep/...＋it＋adj./n.(＋for/of sb.)＋to do sth./that从句 (2)主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep/...＋it＋useless/worthwhile/no use/no good/a waste of time/money/energy/...＋doing sth. (3)动词＋it＋介词短语＋that从句： ①owe it to sb. that... 把……归功于某人 ②take it for granted that... 认为……是理所当然的 ③keep it in mind that... 记住…… (4)it用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词后面，尤其是表示好恶的动词后，如enjoy、 like、 love、 dislike、 hate、 appreciate、 see to等，宾语从句紧跟在it之后。 对点练习 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)I think it is a waste of time ________(try) to explain to him. (2)It is necessary for the government ______________(encourage) people to behave properly in public places. (3)She regarded ____ a precious chance to perform in front of the famous director. (4)_____ is said that the book has been translated into several foreign languages. trying to encourage it It (5)如果你能帮助我，我将不胜感激。 I _____________________ if you could help me. (6)我讨厌你在大庭广众之下说那样的事。 I _________ when you say such things in public. (7)就我而言，和他争论是没有用的，他不会改变主意。 As far as I'm concerned, ______________________ with him; he won't change his mind. would appreciate it hate it it is no use arguing (8)新技术使新产品生产速度更快、成本更低成为可能。 New technologies __________________ to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost. (9)你可以相信的是，他非常聪明。 You can __________________ he is very smart. make it possible count on it that 三、it用于强调句型及其他固定句式中 (1)(教材P53)One may think that it is the book writer who is in the best position to do film adaptations.　人们可能会认为，最适合改编电影的人应该是书籍作者本人。 (2)It is three years since his father passed away.　他父亲去世已经三年了。 (3)It wasn't long before he told us about this affair. 没过多久，他就把这件事告诉了我们。 (4)It was already 8 o'clock when we got home. 我们到家时已经8点了。 语法探究 　　句(1)中的it用于__________中；句(2)(3)(4)中的it用于其他句式中，如__________从句中等。 强调句型 时间状语 it用于强调句型及其他固定句式中，常见结构如下： 1．It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分。 2．It＋be＋时间段＋since引导的状语从句，表示“自从……以来已经多久了”。 3．It＋be＋时间段＋before引导的状语从句，表示“过多久才……”。 4．It＋be＋时间点＋when引导的状语从句，表示“到……已经几点了”。 5．It＋be＋time＋that引导的从句，表示“到了该做……的时候了”。 6．It＋be＋the first/second/third/...time＋that引导的从句，表示“这/那是某人第几次做某事”。 对点练习 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)It was because his father was ill ______ he didn't attend the class. (2)It has been 5 years _______ I left Beijing. (3)It was half an hour ________ the teacher arrived. (4)自从他们结婚以来已经十年了。 __________________ they got married. that since before It is years since (5)到了她该写一封信给她妈妈的时候了。 _____________________ she wrote a letter to her mother. (6)这是这些欧洲人第一次参观长城。 _________________________ these Europeans have visited the Great Wall. It is high time (that) It is the first time (that) 05 Unit7 重点再现 Unit7 Careers 一、重点短语 1．The police are investigating who will __________________(对……负责) the accident. 2．Tom has come into a new school and he wants to ________________(与……相处融洽) his new schoolmates. 3．I am writing to _________(申请) the post of volunteering for our school English association. be responsible for get on well with apply for 4．On the one hand, computers improve the working efficiency; _________________(另一方面), they also bring about some new problems. 5．He promised to _________(解决) the problem immediately. 6．___________(从……方面来讲) regional competition, the attraction and competitiveness of a city are inseparable from its cultural background. 7．Film has a much shorter history, especially when ___________(与……相比) such art forms as music and painting. on the other hand deal with In terms of compared to 8．It is good for elderly people to ______________(参与) community service actively. 9．I want to know how your parents __________(对……作出反应) the accident. 10．They ______________(愿意) provide us with food and vegetables. be involved in reacted to are willing to 11．That means we need to ____________(做好准备) with new skills and abilities. 12．Well, using the Internet, learning new IT skills and _______________(跟上) technology develop-ments will be very important. 13．People don't need to go into an office anymore—they can work from anywhere and ________________(与……保持联系) people all over the world. get prepared keeping up with be in touch with 14．____________(总之), I suppose you could say we need to have good computer skills. 15．People in many countries regularly _____________________________ (继承他们父母的事业) by working in the family business. 16．The skills you have now _______________(不可能) remain relevant and be enough to help you through your entire career. To sum it up followed in their parents' footsteps are unlikely to 17．In fact, they will probably be ___________(过时的) very soon.And then what will you do? 18．But you can be prepared for developments and changes before you ______________(被……抛弃) of a career. 19．In short, if you want to __________(在……方面成功) a 21st century career, you will have to develop new essential skills. out of date are thrown out succeed in 20．I have _______________(参加) a volunteer progra-mme, visiting elderly people in my area for the last three years. 21．I have always ____________(擅长) writing since my school days. 22．How can you get other people to ________________(注意) you and respect you? 23．We should ________(专注于) improving the quality of life for people in the local community. 24．But, ____________(说实在的)，working at night is depressing—I miss my friends and family—so I'd like to leave this job soon. participated in been good at pay attention to focus on to be honest 二、重点句型 根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子 1．while作并列连词，表转折 __________________________________________(你的智商表明你的聪明程度), your EQ tells you how well you use your intelligence. 2．过去分词(短语)作状语 _______________________(以他的研究作为依据), Professor Salovey suggests that when predicting someone's future success, their character, as measured by EQ tests, might actually matter more than their IQ. While your IQ tells you how intelligent you are Supported by his research 3．“It be＋v.-ed＋that...”结构 _______________________ (人们普遍认为) people with high EQs are open to new ideas and have positive attitudes towards life. 4．“be as＋adj., if not＋比较级＋than...”结构 Altogether，the results of studies show that _________________________________________ (情商即使不比智商更重要，至少也与智商同等重要). 5．“the＋比较级．.., the＋比较级．..”意为“越……，就越……” A high EQ is necessary for this—__________________(越高越好). It is generally believed that EQ is as important, if not more important than IQ the higher the better 6．“have difficulty (in) doing sth.”意为“做某事有困难” I'm leaving school soon, and I am _____________________________________ (很难选择一门大学课程) that will lead to a good job in the future. 7．unless 引导条件状语从句 ____________________________________________ (除非你有什么特别的东西想学), there are alternatives to going to university. having difficulty choosing a university course Unless you have something specific you want to study 8．“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义 I _________________________(再同意你的意见不过了). 9．“What if...？”意为“如果……会怎样？” ________________________(如果你的岗位消失了怎么办) after working for 10 years in the field? 10．“It is up to sb.to do sth.”意为“应该由某人来决定做某事。” The truth is that you are the boss of your career, and ____________________ (你可以决定) what you can do and how well you can do it. couldn't agree with you more What if your job disappears it is up to you to decide 11．过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语 I am writing to apply for a position at Student Post, which I saw ____________________________ (登在校报上的广告) last week. 12．as引导原因状语从句 I would also like to learn more about the things that are going on in the city, _________________________________________________(因为我觉得了解我们所居住的城市很重要). advertised in the school newspaper as I feel that it is important to know about the city we live in 13．现在分词(短语)作状语 ___________________________________(搬到一个新的工作环境), you may need to deal with things that don't belong to your own field. 14．状语从句的省略 _____________________________ (当与他人合作时), it is important that you have a clear vision and a working plan to achieve it. Moving to a new working environment When working together with others 06 过去分词（短语）作状语 情境导入 ①Attracted by the description of a beautiful city in the newspaper, Jack decided to do something for the surroundings of his own.First, he took up cycling to save resources. Then he called on people to save grains, because he found it hard to tolerate wasting in daily life.After that, ②guided by an expert, he had his previous plan ③adjusted and tried to make a switch. ④United with a group of people who had the same interest with him, he made an effort to handle the ⑤polluted river.Though ⑥rejected sometimes, he never gave up.⑦Supported by many citizens, he was optimistic about the future of his city. 规则感悟 1．加黑处①、②、④、⑥、⑦为过去分词(短语)在句中作_____，和句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的_____关系，或称为_____关系。 2．加黑处③为过去分词(短语)在句中作__________。 3．加黑处⑤为过去分词(短语)在句中作_____。 状语 动宾 被动 宾语补足语 定语 一、过去分词(短语)作状语的具体用法 过去分词(v.-ed)是分词的一种。及物动词的过去分词(短语)既表示被动也表示完成；不及物动词的过去分词(短语)只表示完成，不表示被动。 *Written in a hurry, this article was not so good. 因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。 过去分词(短语)作状语在句中可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随等，可转换为相应的状语从句或并列分句。 1．过去分词(短语)作时间状语，在句中相当于一个时间状语从句。 *Asked about his address(＝When he was asked about his address), the little boy didn't respond. 问及他的地址时，小男孩没有作答。 2．过去分词(短语)作原因状语，在句中相当于一个原因状语从句。 *Annoyed at the decision(＝As he was annoyed at the decision), he refused to attend the meeting. 由于对这个决定很生气，他拒绝参加会议。 4．过去分词(短语)作让步状语，在句中相当于一个让步状语从句。 *Left(＝Although he was left) alone at home, John didn't feel afraid at all. 虽然约翰被单独留在家里，但他一点也不害怕。 5．过去分词(短语)作结果状语，可以转换为并列分句。 *The cup fell down to the ground, broken.＝(The cup fell down to the ground and it was broken.)　茶杯掉到了地上，破碎了。 6．过去分词(短语)作方式、伴随状语，句子可转换为并列分句。 *Followed by a group of students，the teacher entered the classroom. (＝The teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by a group of students.) 老师走进教室，后面跟着一群学生。 (1)过去分词(短语)作状语时，前面有时可以加上when、if、while、though、although、even if、until、unless等连词，这种结构可以看作是一种省略的状语从句(省略部分多为“主语＋be的多种形式”)。需要注意的是，省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同或是it。 *Even if invited(＝Even if I'm invited)，I won't take part in the party. 即使受到邀请，我也不会参加这个聚会。 (2)部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示“被动关系”。常见的这样的过去分词及短语有lost in(陷入某种状态)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦了)等。 *Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, she didn't hear the sound. 由于陷入沉思，所以她没有听到那个声音。 *Dressed in a new dress, she looks very beautiful. 穿着一件新衣服，她看上去很漂亮。 二、过去分词(短语)作状语时的位置 过去分词(短语)作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。 *Told that his mother was ill, Li Lei hurried home quickly.(原因状语) 得知母亲生病了，李雷迅速赶回了家。 *The boy slipped out of the room, followed by his pet dog.(方式状语) 这个男孩溜出了房间，后面跟着他的宠物狗。 三、过去分词(短语)与现在分词(短语)作状语时的区别 过去分词(短语)与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动；现在分词(短语)与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示主动。 *Used for a long time, the book looks old.(动宾关系) 由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去陈旧。 *Using the book, I find it very useful.(主谓关系) 在使用这本书时，我发现它很有用。 分词作状语记忆口诀 分词作状语，主语是问题。 前后两动作，共用一主语。 主语找出后，再来判关系。 主动用-ing，被动用-ed。 无论是现在分词还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。 *If caught, the police will punish the thief.(×) *If caught, the thief will be punished by the police.(√) *If the thief is caught, the police will punish him/her.(√) 对点练习 (1)The old man lay on the beach at ease, _______(expose) to the sun. (2)________(admit) into a key university, the girl was very excited and burst into tears. (3)Not _______(know) what to do, the children had to wait for their parents to come back. (4)The case shocked the public, _______(cause) a hot debate over human nature on the Internet. exposed Admitted knowing causing (5)________(inspire) by Mr. Chen's speech, they decided to study science harder. (6)When _____(ask) for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. (7)_____(base) on a true story, the book tells how a housewife turns into a professional lawyer. Inspired asked Based (8)First __________(celebrate) in 1970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions. (9)_______________________________(discuss) for many times, the problems were settled at last. celebrated Discussed/Having been discussed 感 谢 聆 听 $$