Unit 2 Period 5 Extended reading-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选择性必修第四册（译林版2020）

Period 5　Extended reading—Reading comprehension Ⅰ.匹配单词 1．correspond　 A．a competition in which people try to win sth 2．fluent B．to work together with sb else in order to achieve sth 3．cooperate C．to be the same as or match sth 4．reject D．a person who knows several foreign languages well 5．linguist E．able to speak，read or write a language easily and well 6．contest F．to refuse to accept or consider sth 答案　1.C　2.E　3.B　4.F　5.D　6.A Ⅱ.选词填空 1．At present，throughout the world，over 80% of the land that is suitable for raising crops is in use. 2．Although she didn’t mention any names，everyone knew who she was referring to. 3．The accident seemed to be related to the driver’s carelessness. 4．Lots of Chinese elements are integrated into the design of the costume，which makes it more attractive. 5．Studying traditional Chinese culture can not only broaden our minds but also improve our national confidence. 6．This shirt was bought thirty years ago，it is out of style now. Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What’s the main idea of the text? A．Why are words borrowed? B．The importance of borrowed words. C．An introduction to borrowed words. D．Different attitudes towards borrowed words. 答案　C Ⅱ.悉层次结构 Read the text quickly to match the main idea with each paragraph. Para.1　 A．The pessimistic attitude about word borrowing. Para.2　 B．The process of word borrowing. Para.3　 C．Borrowed words can be found in almost all languages. Para.4　 D．The optimistic attitude about word borrowing. Para.5　 E．Why word borrowing happens. Para.6　 F．The tendency to borrow words has never gone out of style. 答案　Para.1 C　Para.2 E　Para.3 B　Para.4 A　Para.5 D　Para.6 F Step 2　细读——逐段获取细节 Ⅰ.Read Para.1 and do the following exercises. 1．Why is the first sentence showed? A．To show the sentence is indeed special. B．To show English is difficult to understand. C．To show that we had better not learn English. D．To show that English is a language with many borrowed words. 答案　D 2．How does the author develop Para.1? A．By giving examples. B．By asking questions. C．By listing numbers. D．By describing details. 答案　A Ⅱ.Read Para.2 and do the following exercises. 1．Why does word borrowing happen all the time in the history? A．It can meet the needs of mutual interaction. B．It happens because of technological developments. C．Words can be borrowed straight from the source language faster than before. D．People in two different cultures like to communicate with each other. 答案　A 2．What makes it possible to borrow words directly from the source language faster than ever before? A．The rapid development of communications technology. B．The rapid development of cultures. C．The rapid development of languages. D．The rapid development of human beings. 答案　A Ⅲ.Read Para.3 and do the following exercises. 1．Who are the first to use borrowed words? A．The native speakers. B．The bilingual speakers. C．The people who do not know the original language. D．The government officials. 答案　B 2．What can we infer from paragraph 3? A．The course of borrowing words is slow and simple. B．The original language is seldom filled with borrowed words. C．The pronunciation of “kung fu” is difficult to understand. D．The borrowed words sound like native languages over time. 答案　D Ⅳ.Read Paras.4－5 and do the following exercises. 1．What can we learn from paragraph 4 and paragraph 5? A．The French are expert at creating new words. B．Some languages with a small number of speakers will definitely die out. C．Borrowing words is completely forbidden in some language communities. D．In order to defend their identity，some language communities oppose borrowing words. 答案　D 2．What does the word “novel” mean in paragraph 5? A．New. B．Original. C．Different. D．Critical. 答案　A Ⅴ.Read Para.6 and do the following exercises. 1．What is the author’s attitude towards borrowing words? A．Pessimistic. B．Doubtful. C．Optimistic. D．Indifferent. 答案　C 2．What’s the meaning of “out of style” in line 45? A．Popular. B．Out of place. C．Out of fashion. D．Original. 答案　C Ⅵ.Read the whole passage and do the following exercises. 1．Which column in a newspaper can you find the passage? A．Economy. B．Culture. C．Politics. D．Sports. 答案　B 2．Why does the author write this article? The author writes this article to introduce why and how a word is borrowed from one language into another.The author intends to explain this phenomenon and to emphasize the importance and influence of borrowed words，especially in today’s globalized world. Step 3　读后——讨论深度理解 1．What is your attitude towards borrowed words? Give your reasons.(Critical thinking) 2．Do you think it is important to learn and continue using local dialects in today’s increasingly connected society? Why or why not？(Creative thinking) Step 4　总结——课文语法填空 As far as I am concerned，English is not alone in borrowing words from other languages—borrowed words can 1.be found(find) in almost all languages. Word borrowing comes about when two cultures with different languages interact.At first，the borrowed word is only used by bilingual speakers.It then spreads to people 2.who/that do not know the original language，and they will change the 3.pronunciation(pronounce) to fit the way they speak，almost unknowingly.Over time，the sounds that are difficult to pronounce 4.have been replaced(replace) with more familiar ones. However，some language communities oppose 5.adopting(adopt) words from other cultures.Some languages with 6.an extremely small number of speakers reject outside influences in order to survive.While some communities are pessimistic 7.about the exchange between languages，there are also other communities that 8.readily(ready) welcome borrowed words.Borrowing words allows the language 9.to continue(continue) to develop，enabling the community to have a more efficient language，spreading novel ideas and exchanging different beliefs more conveniently and quickly. As for the future，the more international and globalized the world becomes，the more language 10.characteristics(characteristic) will be shared between nations and cultures. Step 5　解读——长句难句分析 1．In the current age of globalization，when communications technology brings different cultures closer together，words are even more likely to be borrowed straight from the source language at a faster pace than ever before，especially those related to technological developments，such as “email” and “Internet”． [句式分析]　此句是主从复合句。when引导时间状语从句；related to...作的是后置定语，修饰前面的those。 [自主翻译]　在如今的全球化时代中，当通信技术使得不同文化更加紧密地联系在一起时，词语甚至更有可能会以前所未有的速度直接从原语言中被借用，特别是那些与技术发展有关的，如“电子邮件(email)”和“互联网(Internet)”。 2．Though borrowing words has become faster，the process is still complex，and it takes time before new words are integrated into everyday speech. [句式分析]　本句是由and连接构成的并列复合句。and前面的分句包含一个Though引导的让步状语从句，主句是主系表结构；在and后的分句中有一个before引导的时间状语从句，主句是主谓宾结构。 [自主翻译]　虽然借词已变得更快，但是过程仍然复杂，新词需要一段时间才能融入日常用语中。 3．It then spreads to people who do not know the original language，and they will change the pronunciation to fit the way they speak，almost unknowingly. [句式分析]　本句是由and连接构成的并列复合句。and前面的分句含有一个who引导的定语从句，people是先行词；在and后的分句中有一个省略关系词的定语从句，the way是先行词。 [自主翻译]　然后这个词会传播到不懂原语言的人那里，并且他们会在几乎不知不觉中改变外来词的发音，使之适应自己的语言习惯。 4．While some communities are pessimistic about the exchange between languages，there are also other communities that readily welcome borrowed words. [句式分析]　此句是主从复合句。While引导让步状语从句；主句里含有一个that引导的定语从句，other communities是先行词。 [自主翻译]　尽管有些群体对语言之间的互借感到悲观，但是也有其他群体对外来词持欣然欢迎的态度。 5．Borrowing words allows the language to continue to develop，enabling the community to have a more efficient language which makes it possible for them to share their experiences with new-found ease. [句式分析]　此句是复合句。主句是主谓宾宾补结构；enabling...是现在分词短语作状语，里面含有一个which 引导的定语从句，language是先行词。 [自主翻译]　借用外来词使得英语得以继续发展，使其群体拥有一种更有效的语言，让他们能够以新发现的轻松状态分享他们的经历。 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Before arriving in China in 2017，I had read various books relating to China，and the seeds of my fascination were sown. Therefore，when I arrived，I couldn’t have been more excited to be living in this huge historically and culturally rich country.The food，the landmarks，the mega cities and everyday life—I couldn’t wait to explore. Yet despite my enthusiasm，learning Chinese hadn’t even entered my mind.This wasn’t ignorance or laziness，but rather fear at the prospect of attempting to learn what is regarded as the most difficult language in the world.Besides this，I was living in Shanghai，an international city，with many people speaking English as a second language—I decided English would suffice. However，after a year in China I began to observe that while many expats did not speak Chinese，there were plenty who did.Perhaps it was achievable after all? In addition I felt uncomfortable with how many Chinese people could speak English and yet I couldn’t even speak the most basic Chinese.With these factors in mind and a thirst for a new challenge，I decided to begin my language journey and my only regret is that I didn’t start earlier. Learning to speak Chinese isn’t as insurmountable as I once assumed.When I speak to native Chinese speakers in Chinese，they almost always understand me，I have also not found it too difficult to remember characters and I am now even able to write over 400 characters.The thing I find most challenging is listening since native speakers talk at such a speed.I can’t always understand what’s been said. My biggest takeaway from learning Chinese is that it’s not only doable but can also be enjoyable.Learning Chinese not only helped me in day-to-day life，but deepened my cultural understanding of such a diverse and fascinating country.So，to all my non-Chinese friends I say this，embrace the challenge and take the leap of faith. 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者学习中文的经历，学习中文给作者带来了新的体验。 1．Why didn’t the author learn Chinese when he arrived in China in 2017? A．He showed no enthusiasm for China. B．He was unwilling to make the effort. C．He resisted learning a second language. D．He avoided doing something difficult. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句话可知，作者2017年到中国时没有立刻学习中文是因为他避免做一些困难的事情。故选D。 2．What caused the author to learn Chinese? A．His regret about starting learning late. B．Support from many expats around him. C．Eagerness to rise to the challenge. D．A thirst to prove his gift for language. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“With these factors in mind and a thirst for a new challenge，I decided to begin my language journey and my only regret is that I didn’t start earlier.”可知，乐于接受挑战促使作者学习中文。故选C。 3．What does the underlined word “insurmountable” in the 5th paragraph mean? A．Valueless. B．Difficult. C．Unnecessary. D．Unacceptable. 答案　B 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词后一句话可知，中国人能听懂作者说中文而且作者如今认为记汉字不困难了，说明学习中文并不像自己曾经想象的那样困难。故画线词意思是“困难的”。故选B。 4．What can we learn from the author’s experience? A．Love breaks down barriers. B．Hard work pays off. C．Persistence is the key to success. D．Bravery opens up a new world. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容尤其最后一句话可知，我们能从作者的经历中学到：勇敢可以开启新世界。故选D。 B Every Saturday，Wang Fokun travels 40 minutes to watch a movie with friends.Wang,64，lost his sight in his early 50s after experiencing a high degree of nearsightedness，but in the past two years，a “talking film” club has enabled him to regain his love for the cinema. The club is held in Kunming，where volunteers give vivid narrations to an audience including blind and partially sighted moviegoers.One volunteer，Yifan，has narrated more than 20 movies，doing so for the first time to an audience of more than 80 in November 2019.He said，“If I cannot complete the introduction to one scene before the characters start talking in the next，the trick is to wait until the end of the dialogue，go back to the previous scene and then explain the new one.This requires a narrator to be familiar with all the plots and scenes in a movie so I watch a film at least three or four times and write down details of the script(剧本)．However，seeing the audience members absorbed in the movie，laughing when something funny happened and sighing during sad scenes，I could sense they were enjoying the film.I was so glad that I could bring enjoyment to my audience by narrating the movie.I felt as though I was shining a different light on their lives.” Volunteers for the “talking movie” club learned their narrating skills from Zhou Quan，the founder of Xin Deng Theater.Inspired by Xin Mu Theater in Beijing—a small group of volunteers who were the first to introduce films to blind audiences in China，he founded Xin Deng Theater in Kunming in 2017 and has narrated more than 100 films for thousands of blind moviegoers.“Movies are for everybody.Just because somebody is blind，can’t he/she enjoy a film？” Zhou said.“Xin Deng Theater wants to help such people watch movies and to light up their lives.” 5．What can we know about the “talking film” club? A．It was open to blind people only. B．It explains films to blind people on site. C．It chooses the films about blind people’s lives. D．It encourages blind people to serve as volunteers. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，现年64岁的王福坤是个盲人，但近两年来，一个“有声电影”俱乐部让他重新获得了对电影的热爱。每周六，他都会和朋友一起完成40分钟的行程去看电影。结合第二段中的“The club is held in Kunming，where volunteers give vivid narrations to an audience...”可知，盲人去“有声电影”俱乐部，志愿者为他们现场讲解电影。故选B。 6．What does Yifan think of his voluntary job? A．Depressing but deserving. B．Demanding and tiring. C．Encouraging and refreshing. D．Challenging but rewarding. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的最后四句可知，易帆认为他的志愿者工作既有挑战性又很有意义。故选D。 7．What motivated Zhou Quan to set up Xin Deng Theater in Kunming? A．Xin Mu Theater in Beijing. B．His passion for movies. C．Blind audiences in China. D．His experience as a narrator. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句可知， 周权是受北京心目影院的启发成立了心灯剧场。故选A。 8．What is the main idea of the text? A．Volunteers help audiences enjoy theater trips. B．A “talking film” club brightens people’s lives. C．Volunteers bring joy to blind moviegoers’ lives. D．Zhou Quan introduces films to blind audiences. 答案　C 解析　主旨大意题。根据第二段首句“The club is held in Kunming，where volunteers give vivid narrations to an audience including blind and partially sighted moviegoers.”以及最后一段中的“Xin Deng Theater wants to help such people watch movies and to light up their lives.”可知，本文主要介绍了云南的一个专门向盲人解说电影的俱乐部，照亮盲人的生活。C项“志愿者为盲人观众的生活带来欢乐”最能概括文章主旨。故选C。 C (2023·安徽高二联考) A scientist in England believes that mushrooms communicate with each other using up to 50 “words”．Previous research has suggested that fungi(真菌) conduct electrical impulses(脉冲) through long，underground structures called hyphae.“It has even shown that the firing rate of these impulses increases when the hyphae of wood-digesting fungi come into contact with wooden blocks，raising the possibility that fungi use this electrical ‘language’ to share information about food or injury with distant parts of themselves，or with hyphae-connected partners such as trees，” the Guardian reports. To investigate this further，Andrew Adamatzky，a professor at the University of the West of England，decided to analyze the patterns of electrical spikes(猛增) generated by four species of fungi—enoki，split gill，ghost and caterpillar fungi.The results，published in the peer-reviewed journal Royal Society Open Science，were surprising，to say the least.He found that the electrical spikes often gathered into trains of activity，similar to vocabularies of up to 50 words.And the distribution of these “fungal word lengths” closely matched those of human languages.“Assuming that spikes of electrical activity are used by fungi to communicate，we demonstrate that distributions of fungal word lengths match that of human languages，” he said.“We found that the size of fungal vocabulary can be up to 50 words；however，the core vocabulary of most frequently-used words does not exceed 15 to 20 words.” However，Adamatzky also acknowledges that the species could be saying nothing at all.“There is also another option—they are saying nothing，” he said.“Propagating mycelium(繁殖菌丝体) tips are electrically charged，and，therefore，when the charged tips pass in a pair of differential electrodes，a spike in the potential difference is recorded.” But whatever these “spiking events” represent，they do not appear to be random，he added.“That said，we should not expect quick results: we are yet to interpret language of cats and dogs despite living with them for centuries，and research into electrical communication of fungi is in its pure fresh stage，” Adamatzky said. 9．What’s the discovery indicating mushrooms communicate with each other? A．Fungi sends electrical impulses. B．Hyphae exists in the mushrooms. C．Mushrooms tell food from injury. D．Wooden blocks affect mushrooms. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，真菌能传导电脉冲这一发现表明蘑菇可以进行交流。故选A。 10．What can be inferred about Andrew Adamatzky’s experiment from paragraph 2? A．It quite differs from the previous discovery. B．Electrical spikes can hardly come together. C．It further confirms the previous discovery. D．Only four species of fungi send out signals. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中对先前研究的表述及第二段中的“He found that the electrical spikes often gathered into trains of activity，similar to vocabularies of up to 50 words.”可知，他的实验进一步证实了以前的发现。故选C。 11．What did the scientist find about fungi’s communication? A．The most frequently-used “words” are more than 50. B．Most of fungi’s “words” are less frequently-used. C．Distributions of fungal words differ in different species. D．The core vocabulary in it is almost meaningless. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“We found that the size of fungal vocabulary can be up to 50 words；however，the core vocabulary of most frequently-used words does not exceed 15 to 20 words.”可知，在这50个词中，大部分是不经常使用的。故选B。 12．Which is Adamatzky’s idea about mushrooms’ communication in the last paragraph? A．The discovery can benefit us. B．The discovery is of little use. C．We can’t rely on our experiment. D．We need much more support for it. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，Adamatzky认为人类对于蘑菇交流的研究只是初始阶段，需要更多的支持。故选D。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2023·湖南高二联考) People are taught how to speak，but good sentence structure and a wide range of vocabulary words won’t always lead to being understood or understanding others. 1 The good news is that it’s never too late to learn how to communicate more effectively.The first step is to realize you’re having communication issues. 2 The following is a list of the top three signs that you need to learn healthier communication skills. You have the same fights over and over. Your fights are about the same topic again and again.If this is happening，it means you don’t yet have the skills to resolve conflicts. 3 The fight may end，but it’s only a matter of time before you argue about the same thing again.When you learn how to resolve conflicts，issues don’t pile up or become baggage that weighs down your relationship. 　4　 You don’t want to fight so you try not to bring up subjects that lead only to pain and disconnection.The problem is that avoiding them leads to pain and disconnection anyway.Unless you learn how to have hard conversations productively，you will get more and more disconnected until your relationship is in danger of ending. You regularly feel misunderstood or unheard. No matter how hard you try，you don’t feel understood.Perhaps your partner has expressed the same feeling.Over time the disconnected feeling does damage to your relationship.It’s important to learn how to communicate in a better way，so that both you and the other person feel heard and understood. 5 To be heard，your partner will need to learn how to listen.For you，to be able to hear your partner，you will need to do the same. A．You avoid discussing certain topics. B．You argue with your partners about some issues. C．If you can’t resolve issues，they will continue to show up. D．This requires more than just speaking to your partner or vice versa. E．Then，you can learn how to communicate in a more productive way. F．If you leave conflicts unsettled，you will feel disconnected and lonely. G．Effective communication requires much more than being able to speak. 1．答案　G 解析　根据前句可知，良好的句子结构和丰富的词汇量并不等于好的交际。所以G项“有效的交际需要的不仅仅是会讲话”符合上下文语境。故选G。 2．答案　E 解析　根据前句“The first step is to realize you’re having communication issues.”可知，要先找到交际方面的问题，才能学会更高效地进行交际，前后两句是顺接关系。所以E项“然后你才能学会用更有成效的方法进行交际”符合上下文语境。故选E。 3．答案　C 解析　根据前句“If this is happening，it means you don’t yet have the skills to resolve conflicts.”和后句“The fight may end，but it’s only a matter of time before you argue about the same thing again.”可知，这里需要一个过渡句，陈述问题没有解决的情形。所以C项“如果没有解决问题，它们会继续出现”符合上下文语境。故选C。 4．答案　A 解析　空处为小标题，应概括本段内容而且句式也是以You...开头的。根据下文可知，本段主要与避免一些会导致不好的结果的话题有关。所以A项“你避免讨论某些话题”符合上下文语境。故选A。 5．答案　D 解析　根据后文“To be heard，your partner will need to learn how to listen.For you，to be able to hear your partner，you will need to do the same.”可知，良好的交际需要学会倾听。所以D项“这要求你不仅仅要向你的伙伴诉说，反之亦然”符合上下文语境。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$