Unit 2 Period 1 Welcome to the unit & Reading-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选择性必修第四册（译林版2020）

HOW DO I KNOW MY STUDENTS? As an educator, people often ask me how I know what is going on in the minds of my students. Many students are quite shy and don’t speak all that much. At the same time, in a classroom of more than forty students, it is hard to have many one-on-one conversations with each person. So, how can I really know what makes each student tick? My answer？I look at their body language. It is easy to recognise when students are interested in a lesson. Most tend to look up and make eye contact. When I make a joke, they smile. When I talk about something difficult, they look confused. I know when students are really interested, however, because they lean forward and look at me. People have a tendency1 to lean towards whatever they are interested in. So if a student has his head lowered to look at his watch, it implies2 he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end. If two friends are leaning their heads together, they are probably writing notes to each other. Of course, not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class. Some students look up, but there is an absence of eye contact. Their eyes barely move, and they always have the same distant expression on their faces. It is as though they are asleep with their eyes open. Some students are amused by something else. They spend all their time looking anywhere but at me. Then again, some students’ favourite activity is daydreaming. With their chins on their hands, they occupy3 themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling. They are certainly interested in something, but who knows what. The main thing is reminding distracted4 students that they need to pay attention in class. While it is easy to perceive5 when students are interested, bored, or distracted, it is sometimes much harder to distinguish6 when students are troubled. Students who are angry, afraid, or experiencing anxiety may have their arms crossed in front of their chests and their legs closed or crossed, like they are guarding their bodies. Students who are sad or worried will nearly always wear a frown. They may also hide their faces in their hands like they are embarrassed or ashamed. Some students act this way merely because they are afraid of being called on by the teacher. However, if a student does not bother to brush her hair and her eyes are red from weeping, then I can infer that there are deeper issues at work. It could be that she is having serious conflicts with other students or at home. Whatever it is, I know I need to inquire and assess what is going on. (节选自人教版新教材选择性必修第一册UNIT 4) 词汇积累1.tendency /'tendənsi/ n．趋势；倾向 2．imply /ɪm'plaɪ/ vt.意味着；暗示 3．occupy /'ɒkjupaɪ/ vt.占据；占用 4．distract /dɪ'strækt/ vt.分散(注意力)；使分心 5．perceive /pə'siːv/ vt.察觉；看待；理解 6．distinguish /dɪ'stɪɡwɪʃ/ vi.& vt.区分；辨别 Period 1　Welcome to the unit & Reading—Reading comprehension Ⅰ.匹配单词 1．feedback　　　　 A．the feeling of being sorry for sb 2．competent B．a company or business 3．negotiate C．advice，criticism or information about how good or useful sth or sb’s work is 4．fold D．to get sth，especially by making an effort 5．sympathy E．to bend sth so that one part lies on top of another part 6．obtain F．having enough skill or knowledge to do sth well or to the necessary standard 7．enterprise G．to try to reach an agreement by formal discussion 答案　1.C　2.F　3.G　4.E　5.A　6.D　7.B Ⅱ.选词填空 account for，approve of，put yourself in sb’s shoes，depend on，function as，give serious consideration to 1．Before being quick to judge someone for their actions，you should put yourself in their shoes. 2．On weekdays，one third of the room functions as workplace. 3．We must account for every penny we spend during a business trip. 4．Her parents approved of her marrying the reliable and straightforward man. 5．It’s time to give serious consideration to this matter. 6．As the chef puts it，the cooking time needed depends on the size of the potato. Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What’s the main idea of the text? A．What is communication? B．How should we communicate effectively with others? C．Why should we have a good communication skill? D．Which communication channel should be used by us? 答案　B Ⅱ.悉层次结构 Read the text quickly to match the main idea with each paragraph. Para.1　 A．The value of empathy. Para.2　 B．How people communicate. Para.3　 C．The importance of body language. Para.4　 D．The benefits of effective communication. Para.5　 E．How to become a highly competent communicator. Para.6　 F．Communication depends on the words we use as well as how we use them. 答案　Para.1 F　 Para.2 B　 Para.3 E　 Para.4 C　 Para.5 A　 Para.6 D Step 2　细读——逐段获取细节 Ⅰ.Read Para.1 and do the following exercises. 1．What is the function of paragraph 1? A．To lead into the topic. B．To show a fact. C．To tell a funny story. D．To emphasize the importance of communication. 答案　A 2．What does a stranger want to do if he says “Hey you！”？ A．To ask you for help. B．To attract your attention. C．To exchange ideas with you. D．To give you a welcoming greeting. 答案　B Ⅱ.Read Para.2 and do the following exercise. Why does the author mention “the sender” and “the receiver” in paragraph 2? A．To clarify a concept. B．To present a fact. C．To explain a feeling. D．To make a comparison. 答案　A Ⅲ.Read Para.3 and do the following exercises. 1．In order to be a highly competent communicator，what information should you obtain? ①With whom you are communicating? ②What is their age or position? ③What is their relationship with you? ④What expectations and cultural backgrounds do they have? A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①②④ D．①②③④ 答案　D 2．What does the word “it” in the last sentence of paragraph 3 refer to? A．Determining the appropriate style to use. B．Communicating with a stranger. C．Deciding how complex your choice of words should be. D．Negotiating with a large enterprise about a deal. 答案　D Ⅳ.Read Para.4 and do the following exercises. 1．How does the author develop the fourth paragraph? A．By analyzing the cause and effect. B．By giving specific examples. C．By listing some facts. D．By introducing an interesting phenomenon. 答案　B 2．What can we learn from paragraph 4? A．Only your body language is important. B．The other person’s body language should be ignored. C．Both your and the other person’s body languages matter a lot. D．Body language is entirely useless during the communication. 答案　C Ⅴ.Read Para.5 and do the following exercise. What does “putting yourself in their shoes” mean in paragraph 5? A．You may be confused about why others feel the way they do. B．You can make some issues easy to deal with by trying others’ shoes. C．You should try the other person’s shoes to see whether they are fit for you. D．You should understand the other person’s emotions from their points of view. 答案　D Ⅵ.Read Para.6 and fill in the following table. Benefits of effective communication： ·enabling you to 1.settle differences and disagreements appropriately ·improving your 2.interactions with others ·helping you 3.build trust and gain other people’s respect ·allowing relationships 4.to become more positive and productive Ⅶ.Read the whole passage and do the following exercise. What type of text is this passage? A．A news report. B．An announcement. C．A notice. D．A lecture transcript(演讲稿)． 答案　D Step 3　读后——讨论深度理解 1．How can we apply the ideas mentioned in the lecture transcript to cross-cultural communication? Give some examples.(Critical thinking) 2．What other suggestions can you give on how to become an effective communicator? (Creative thinking) Step 4　总结——课文语法填空 Communication is the process of exchanging information between a sender and a receiver.This communication process can be challenging,1.but you can become a highly competent communicator with practice and patience.First，you need to know with 2.whom you are communicating.For example，if you are a business person negotiating with a large enterprise about a deal，you should do it face to face,3.using(use) formal language in a straightforward manner. Your body language is 4.equally(equal) important，since it reveals a lot about your thoughts and attitudes.Additionally，the other person’s body language should not 5.be ignored(ignore)，because it will give you clues as to whether the conversation is going well or not.If someone looks at you with a confused 6.expression(express)，this could indicate that they have not completely understood your point. While being knowledgeable about body language 7.is(be) vital，the value of empathy should not be understated.8.To engage(engage) an upset partner in a discussion and make your communication more effective，you may express your sympathy by,9.for instance，saying，“I understand how you feel...” 10．Effective(effect) communication will enable you to settle differences and disagreements appropriately and improve your interactions with others.Good communication skills will also help you build trust and gain respect，allowing relationships to become more positive and productive. Step 5　解读——长句难句分析 1．Much of what we communicate is dependent not only on the words we use，but also on how we use them. [句式分析]　本句为主从复合句。其中what引导宾语从句，作介词of的宾语；we use为省略关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词words；how引导宾语从句。 [自主翻译]　我们沟通的许多内容不仅取决于我们所使用的词语，还取决于我们如何运用它们。 2．Depending on whether you are communicating with a stranger，friend，family member or co-worker，you will need to decide which communication channel best suits the situation. [句式分析]　本句为主从复合句。其中现在分词短语Depending on...作状语；whether引导宾语从句，作介词on的宾语；which引导宾语从句，作动词decide的宾语。 [自主翻译]　根据你是否在跟一位陌生人、朋友、家人或同事沟通，你将需要决定哪种沟通渠道最适合当下的情况。 3．Only when you give serious consideration to their points of view will you be able to see what accounts for their emotions and empathize with them. [句式分析]　本句为主从复合句。其中only＋when引导的时间状语从句位于句首时，主句用部分倒装；what 引导的是宾语从句。 [自主翻译]　只有当你认真考虑他们的想法时才能了解他们为什么有这样的情绪，并与他们产生共鸣。 4．You may not approve of their ideas but at least you will see where they are coming from，which means you can make adjustments to your own tone and choice of words accordingly. [句式分析]　本句为主从复合句。其中where引导宾语从句，作动词see的宾语；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句。 [自主翻译]　你可能不赞同他们的想法，但至少你会明白这些想法是从何而来，这意味着你可以相应地调整自己的语气和措辞。 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·江苏盐城高二期中) In 1547，the king of Spain sent a coded(编码的) letter to his ambassador in France.Now，after nearly 500 years，researchers have finally cracked(破解) the code and can read the letter.It turns out that the king was worried someone might be trying to kill him. Charles Ⅴ was the king of Spain from 1516 to 1556.But his power went far beyond Spain.As the “Holy Roman Emperor”，Charles Ⅴ controlled lands across Europe.In spite of his great power，he had to manage many threats. Three years before the letter was written，Charles Ⅴ had made a peace deal with King Francis Ⅰ of France.But there was still a lot of information he didn’t want to share with the king of France. At the time，the only way to communicate across long distances was to send letters.But letters weren’t secure.So Charles Ⅴ used a complicated code to send information that needed to be kept secret. Cecile Pierrot is a cryptographer—an expert in codes.She and a team of other cryptographers set out to figure out what the letter said.The code was harder to crack than Ms Pierrot had expected.But as the researchers studied the three-page letter，they began to notice some patterns. Some symbols stood for just one letter.Others stood for several letters combined.And a few of the symbols stood for whole words.To make things more difficult，some symbols meant nothing at all and were only included to make the code harder to crack. After three years of efforts，the experts finally cracked the code.The team says the decoded letter tells them a lot about tensions in Europe at the time.The discovery opens a door to even more history.There are hundreds of similar letters all over Europe.Now that the code is broken，historians will have a much easier time learning what Charles Ⅴ was thinking about during his time as a leader. 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了1547年，西班牙国王给他驻法国的大使发了一封密信。如今，经过近500年的时间，研究人员终于破解了密码，并读懂了这封信。 1．Whom did Charles Ⅴ send the letter to? A．An ambassador. B．Roman Emperor. C．King Francis Ⅰ. D．Cecile Pierrot. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In 1547，the king of Spain sent a coded(编码的) letter to his ambassador in France.”可知，查理五世把信寄给了大使。故选A。 2．Why did Charles Ⅴ send a coded letter? A．He liked playing with codes. B．It was his writing style. C．It was a rule at the time. D．The letter involved secrets. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“So Charles Ⅴ used a complicated code to send information that needed to be kept secret.”可知，查理五世要寄一封加密的信是因为这封信涉及秘密。故选D。 3．What is paragraph 6 mainly about? A．The process of the work. B．The patterns of the code. C．The importance of the letter. D．The information about the experts. 答案　B 解析　段落大意题。根据第六段内容可知，本段描述了这封信中编码的模式。故选B。 4．What does the last paragraph indicate? A．The code will become more popular. B．It will be easier for people to create codes. C．There will be more discoveries in the future. D．People will get more information about all leaders. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The discovery opens a door to even more history.”及最后一句话可推断，未来还会有更多的发现。故选C。 B Forget calling the front desk.If you’re a guest at an Affinia hotel，the staff will try to find out what you need just by looking at you. The Affinia Hotel Collection is improving service in its five hotels in New York City and one each in Chicago and Washington D．C.Everyone from housekeeping to management will communicate with guests based on body language. A body language expert trained employees on what cues(信号) to look for.A guest who makes eye contact while walking down the hall，for example，may be open to conversation.A businessman frequently touching an ear is probably nervous and may be interested in a therapeutic pillow(理疗枕头)． “So many companies，when they talk about service，they program it to how many rings till you answer the phone，” says John Moser，marketing officer for Affinia.“That doesn’t sound very reasonable.Let’s give employees some tools they can use to find out what’s the right way to talk with somebody at a particular time.” Patti Wood，a body language expert who carried out the Affinia training，says she has never seen such training given to all hotel employees.“All of the training is to make sure every single guest is treated as special，” she says. Staff questions about a guest’s day won’t disappear，Moser says.But，he says，small talk isn’t always enough to get a reading of a guest’s needs.“You can’t always tell from the first sentence whether someone is happy or unhappy，” he says.“Measuring some of the things they’re showing with the way they’re talking to you，can help our employees provide service that’s more personal for them.” 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为了提供更好的服务，Affinia连锁酒店培训员工识别客人的肢体语言。 5．What are Affinia hotels doing? A．Understanding their employees better. B．Setting up new hotels in different cities. C．Training employees to understand guests’ needs better. D．Improving their employees’ body language. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句以及第三段内容可知，Affinia连锁酒店正在培训其员工识别客人的肢体语言，以便更好地了解其需求。故选C。 6．What should a hotel employee do if a guest looks into his or her eye? A．Offer a pillow. B．Make small talk. C．Avoid speaking to the guest. D．Be open to the guest’s suggestions. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“A guest who makes eye contact while walking down the hall，for example，may be open to conversation.”可推知，如果客人与酒店员工对视，酒店员工应该和客人做简单的闲聊。故选B。 7．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．The company. B．The phone. C．The service. D．The hotel. 答案　C 解析　代词指代题。根据画线单词所在句中的“So many companies，when they talk about service...”可知，这里指很多公司将服务设定为电话响铃几次员工才接起来，故可猜测it指代的是“服务”。故选C。 8．What does Patti Wood think of Affinia’s training? A．It is completely new. B．It makes employees feel special. C．It will take the place of staff questions. D．It is following some other companies’ example. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第五段第一句可推知，帕蒂·伍德认为Affinia的训练是一种全新的尝试。故选A。 C Today，poetry and science are often considered to be mutually exclusive(互相排斥) career paths.But that wasn’t always the case.The mathematician Ada Lovelace and the physicist James Clerk Maxwell were both accomplished poets.The poet John Keats was a licensed surgeon.Combining the two practices fell out of favor in the 1800s.But translating research into lyrics，haiku，and other poetic forms is resurging(再现) among scientists as they look for alternative ways to inspire others with their findings. “Poetry is a great tool for questioning the world，” says Sam Illingworth，a poet and a geoscientist who works at the University of Western Australia.Through workshops and a new science-poetry journal called Consilience，Illingworth is helping scientists to translate their latest results into poems that can attract appreciation from those outside of their immediate scientific field. Stephany Mazon，a scientist from the University of Helsinki in Finland，joined one of Illingworth’s workshops.In the workshop，she was grouped with other scientists and tasked with writing a haiku，a 17-syllable-long poem，which spotlighted water，a fluid that featured in all of the group members’ research projects.“It was a lot of fun，and surprisingly easy to write the poem，” Mazon says.She plans to continue writing.“We do a disservice(伤害)to ourselves to think that scientists can’t be artistic and that art can’t be used to communicate scientific ideas，” Mazon says. That viewpoint is echoed by Illingworth，who thinks science communication initiatives are too often dominated by public lectures with their hands-off PowerPoint slides.“Actually，when science communication involves writing and sharing poems，it invites a two-way dialogue between experts and non-experts，” he says.Scientist-poet Manjula Silva，an educator at Imperial College London，agrees.Poetry provides a way to translate complex scientific concepts into a language that everyone can understand，Silva says. Scientists and poets are both trying to understand the world and communicate that understanding with others.The distinction between scientists and poets is less than people might think.We’re all just people with hopefully really interesting things to say and to share. 9．What is the purpose of mentioning the celebrities in paragraph 1? A．To display they were talented. B．To confirm they were out of favor. C．To encourage different career paths. D．To show poetry and science can be combined. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，诗歌和科学经常被认为是两个不同的领域，但历史上有一些科学家也具有诗人才华。提到他们的目的是表明诗歌和科学是可以相结合的，故选D。 10．What are Illingworth’s workshops aimed to do? A．Promote a new science-poetry journal. B．Inspire outsiders to pursue their careers in science. C．Encourage science communication through poems. D．Get scientists to exchange ideas about the latest research. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句以及第四段第二句可知，伊林沃思的研讨会旨在鼓励通过诗歌进行科学交流。故选C。 11．What does Illingworth think of the dominant ways of science communication? A．Conventional. B．Effective. C．Innovative. D．Complex. 答案　A 解析　观点态度题。根据第四段第一句可知，伊林沃思认为，科学交流倡议往往被公开讲座的幻灯片所主导，这是一种老套的方式。故选A。 12．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Scientists Take on Poetry B．Scientists and Poets Think Alike C．Poetry: A Great Tool to Question the World D．Science Communication: A Two-way Dialogue 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。根据第一段最后一句，第二段第二句以及倒数第二段最后一句并结合全文可知，很多科学家正努力以诗歌方式向外界传达科学成果。故选A。 Ⅱ.七选五 One of the many lessons we were forced to learn from the pandemic was the importance of social interaction，and the negative effects on social isolation.And even outside of our close relationships with friends and family，weak social ties are also necessary to our sense of well-being.I know how easy it is to close yourself off from interactions from strangers. 1 Recent research shows that even weak social interactions—like a quick exchange with a stranger on the sidewalk—contribute positively to our well-being.It is easy to live life with your head down，avoiding the far ends of your social network，like classmates you never chat with or neighbors whose names you don’t remember. 2 But by avoiding such tiny interactions，you could be robbing yourself of potential happiness. Take a look at your social network.Think about your favorite coffee shop，your grocery store，your gym—every day we cross paths with some of the same people. 3 Then you’re no longer strangers，and now have mutual familiarity. 4 Consider taking out your ear buds，shifting your gaze from your phone，and smiling at others.You might start identifying familiar faces to introduce yourself to later，you might be making yourself available to someone who needs directions，or you might simply feel less lonely from a small wave or nod from a stranger. Don’t be disturbing. 5 Don’t force conversation with someone who clearly wants to be alone.If you are concerned that your small talk is making the other person feel in danger，listen to that instinct.However，if what’s holding you back is a fear of awkwardness or embarrassment，then push yourself to beat that anxiety. A．Look up，literally! B．Respect people’s boundaries. C．You may not regard your life as lacking. D．Do you want to avoid unwanted interactions? E．Take the brave first step to introduce yourself. F．Sadly，you have to think through the positive effects of conversations. G．However，building tiny relationships with some acquaintance has a powerful impact. 1．答案　G 解析　根据上文内容可知，与陌生人隔绝也许很容易。而下文说的是社会互动对我们的好处。由此可知，此处与上文构成转折关系，指出与他人建立联系很有必要。故选G。 2．答案　C 解析　根据上文内容及下文“But by avoiding such tiny interactions，you could be robbing yourself of potential happiness.”可知，此处与上文话题一致，仍然与回避社会互动有关且与下文构成转折。C项“你可能并不觉得缺少什么”承接上下文。故选C。 3．答案　E 解析　根据下文“Then you’re no longer strangers，and now have mutual familiarity.”可知，空处应提到一种做法，打破与陌生人的界线，E项符合语境，指出要把自己介绍给别人，与人沟通。故选E。 4．答案　A 解析　该空是本段主旨句，应该用祈使句并概括本段内容。根据下文“Consider taking out your ear buds，shifting your gaze from your phone，and smiling at others.”可知，A项符合语境，其中的Look up呼应下文中的shifting your gaze from your phone。故选A。 5．答案　B 解析　根据上文“Don’t be disturbing.”和下文“Don’t force conversation with someone who clearly wants to be alone.”可知，要尊重别人的界线，B项符合语境。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$