Unit 1 Period 6 Extended reading & Other parts-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选择性必修第四册（译林版2020）

Period 6　Extended reading & Other parts—Language points Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．My nephew felt ashamed for having cheated in the exam，promising to be honest in the future. 2．The people all bowed(鞠躬) down before the Emperor and they pretended to have seen his beautiful clothes. 3．To tell the truth，I didn’t like the geophysicist from the bottom of my heart as he liked finding faults(缺点) with others. 4．John had a guilty(羞愧的) look on his face when he was arrested by the police. 5．The innocent actor had a conflict with those photographers(摄影师) as he left his hotel. 6．The operator was wrapping a clean cloth tightly around his teammate’s cut when the doctors arrived. 7．The humble specialist paused(暂停) on purpose during his speech so that we could reflect on what he had said. 8．I was sewing(缝上) up my worn-out clothes when my close friend emerged. 9．The man with a broad jaw and a wrinkled forehead was busy harvesting his crops. 10．I feel greatly privileged to deliver a speech on how to recycle and classify garbage. Ⅱ.词形变化填空 1．From his discouraged look，I judged he didn’t get the job，which was really discouraging.But I still encouraged him to go to other companies to try his fortune.(discourage) 2．To their disappointment，the harvest was not the same as they had expected，which was rather disappointing.(disappoint) 3．Though I have asked for her forgiveness，I don’t know whether she will forgive me or not.(forgive) 4．The little kid was at the mercy of that woman.People asked her to be merciful to the innocent boy.(mercy) 5．Under the guidance of this experienced tourist guide，I could fully appreciate the surrounding scenery.(guide) Ⅲ.完成句子 1．The meal is not for one，but for many to enjoy.(not...but...) 这顿饭不是为了一个人，而是供大家享用的。 2．However good an advertisement is, people are unlikely to be persuaded if the product is unsuitable for them.(however引导让步状语从句) 无论广告做得多么好，如果产品不适合人们，他们也不可能信服。 3．The famous writer died，leaving the novel unfinished.(现在分词作结果状语) 那位著名作家去世了，留下了这部没有完成的小说。 4．This will be the place where you will meet with the locals and join with them in dance.(where引导定语从句) 这将是你会遇到当地人并和他们一起跳舞的地方。 5．We’ll be glad to help them over their difficulties.(主谓宾宾补结构) 我们将乐意帮助他们克服困难。 ashamed adj.惭愧，羞愧，尴尬(shame n．羞耻；羞愧；惭愧 shameful adj.可耻的；丢脸的) •be/feel ashamed of...为/替……感到惭愧/羞愧/羞耻(多指内在的人或事) be/feel ashamed for...由于……感到惭愧/羞愧/羞耻(多指外在的人或事) be ashamed to do sth耻于做某事 •What a shame/pity！真遗憾！ It’s a shame that...……真让人遗憾。 (1)As is often the case，we are ashamed of our shortcomings，our mistakes and our failures. (2)It was a shame that Tony missed the appointment with the famous specialist last week. (3)The innocent kid was cheated in the end but he was not ashamed to admit his shameful behaviour. 那个无辜的孩子最后被骗了，但他并不羞于承认自己丢脸的行为。 pretend vi.& vt.假装；装扮，扮作；自诩，自认为 pretend to do sth假装做某事 pretend to be doing sth假装正在做某事 pretend to have done sth假装做过某事 pretend to be＋n./adj.假装是…… pretend (that)＋从句　假装…… (1)His nephew pretended to be studying(study) hard when he came in. (2)The photographer pretended to have made(make) his fortune while being interviewed. (3)The criminal pretended to be(be) an innocent witness when the police got to the spot. (4)(读后续写之悲伤心理描写)当我们在街上相遇时，她假装不认识我，这使我很沮丧，泪水模糊了我的眼睛。 ①She pretended (that) she didn’t know me when we met in the street，which made me so frustrated that tears blurred my eyes.(宾语从句) ②She pretended not to know me when we met in the street，which made me so frustrated that tears blurred my eyes.(不定式) privilege n．荣幸；特殊利益vt.给予特权，特别优待(privileged adj.有特权的；受特别优待的；荣幸的；幸运的) •have the privilege of doing/to do sth有做某事的特权；有幸做某事 it is a privilege to do sth有幸做某事 •be privileged to do sth有幸做某事 (1)(应用文写作之演讲稿)As we all know，education should be a universal right and not a privilege. (2)(应用文写作之演讲稿)今天，我很荣幸有机会做一个关于垃圾分类的演讲。 ①Today，I am privileged to have the chance to make a speech on garbage sorting.(privileged) ②Today，I have the privilege to have/of having the chance to make a speech on garbage sorting.(privilege n．) ③Today，it is a privilege for me to have the chance to make a speech on garbage sorting.(privilege n．) mercy n．仁慈，宽恕(merciful adj.仁慈的；怜悯的 merciless adj.残忍的；无情的) •at the mercy of sb/sth任……处置；对……无能为力 beg for mercy请求宽恕，求饶 have mercy on sb/sth＝show mercy to sb/sth可怜某人/某物 without mercy毫不怜悯地 •be merciful to/towards sb对某人仁慈 (1)Eventually，the merciless(mercy) suspect begged for mercy and he nearly cried his heart out. (2)(读后续写之场景描写)The blistering noonday sun beat down on them without mercy but they didn’t give up. (3)Although merciful Mrs Meredith weren’t well off，she showed mercy to/had mercy on/was merciful to the poor and she wouldn’t have them at the mercy of difficulties，so she was always willing to extend a supporting hand whenever possible. 仁慈的梅雷迪思太太虽然并不富裕，但她对穷人很仁慈，她不会让他们受到困难的摆布，所以她总是愿意随时伸出援助之手。 discouraged adj.灰心的，泄气的(discourage vt.阻止；使气馁 discouraging adj.使人沮丧的；令人气馁的 discouragement n．泄气；灰心) discourage sb from doing sth劝阻某人不要做某事；打消某人做某事的念头 (1)His words were discouraging，which made many people discouraged.(discourage) (2)(读后续写片段描写)Discouraged and disappointed，I felt as if I were floating in an ocean of frustration.Aware of my discouragement and sadness，my reliable friend did whatever he could to discourage me from giving up. 既气馁又失望，我觉得自己好像漂浮在挫折的海洋中。意识到我的沮丧和悲伤，我可靠的朋友尽他所能劝我不要放弃。 “祈使句＋and ＋陈述句”结构 教材原句 Sow the seeds of success today and your harvest will be great tomorrow. 今天播下成功的种子，明天你们的收获将是巨大的。(P12) •“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”表示祈使句与后面的句子是顺承关系，相当于“if＋条件状语从句＋主句”。 •“祈使句＋or/or else/otherwise＋陈述句”相当于“if＋not＋条件状语从句＋主句”。 •“名词短语＋and＋陈述句”也有上述句式功能，名词词组中常含有more，another，further，earlier等词。 (1)Gather substantial evidence，and he can prove his innocence with ease. (2)(话题写作之环境保护)Protect the environment，or else we will be at the mercy of severe natural disasters. →If we don’t protect the environment，we will be at the mercy of severe natural disasters.(用if引导的条件状语从句改写) (3)(话题写作之鼓励话语)If you make more efforts，you will accomplish your goal you have been pursuing. →Make more efforts，and you will accomplish your goal you have been pursuing.(用“祈使句＋and...”改写) →More efforts，and you will accomplish your goal you have been pursuing. (用“名词短语＋and...”改写) Ⅰ.一词多义 quote A.n.引语，原话　B.vt.& vi.引用，引述　C.vt.& vi.报价，开价　D.vt.举例说明 1．They quoted us ￡3,000 for installing the equipment. C 2．Can you quote me an instance of when this happened? D 3．The article starts with a quote from an unnamed writer. A 4．He quoted a passage from the minister’s speech. B Ⅱ.熟词生义 1．I personally think this is complete garbage.废话，无聊的东西 2．The land was parceled out small lots.分配 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The photographer is merciful(mercy) to the poor boy，and he often buys him some delicious food. 2．I feel greatly privileged(privilege) to tell you how to relieve our heavy study burdens. 3．Facing the discouraging(discourage) outcome，I didn’t know what to do next. 4．The operator was always finding fault with me，which made me boil with anger. 5．He has resigned himself to the fact that he will lose his job and embrace change. 6．When/As the scientist found the new mineral，he wired the institute as soon as possible. 7．During the special phase，the responsibilities weigh heavily on him. 8．Then I got to the point where I was staying up really late at night to meet the deadline. 9．Finally，he forgave me for breaking our appointment and I was wild with excitement. 10．With the project completed(complete)，the distinguished geophysicist went on holiday. Ⅱ.选词填空 1．As a matter of fact，each other’s misunderstanding contributed to the incident yesterday. 2．Frankly speaking，the sculpture he created was not as wonderful as I had expected. 3．I was responsible for handling this urgent matter and I often worked day and night. 4．There is no doubt that these conservation measures have made a big difference to the endangered animal. 5．I was grateful to the specialist who patiently told me what lay in store for me. Ⅲ.完成句子(应用文写作之道歉信) 1．我为自己的行为感到惭愧，因此写信向你道歉。 I am ashamed of my behavior so I am writing to apologize to you. 2．我写信是为了请你原谅我在考试中作弊。 I am writing to ask you to forgive me for cheating in the exam. 3．无论何时我们在学习上遇到困难，我们都应该诚实。 Whenever we have trouble with our studies，we should be honest. 4．老师进来的时候，我假装正在做习题。 I pretended to be doing my exercises when the teacher came in. 5．如果能再给我一次机会，我将改正错误努力学习。(名词短语＋and＋陈述句) One more chance，and I will correct my mistake and work hard. Ⅳ.阅读理解 What would happen today，if there was an accident at your workplace? Would employees know what to do? Would the injured person get the best possible care? When an accident happens，a first-aid programme that meets the requirements of the law and is made to the type and size of the workplace can really make a difference between life and death，or between recovery and lasting disablement. Employers should make sure that all employees know where emergency information is posted at the workplace.The emergency notice should show the phone numbers of the closest ambulance service，rescue unit，fire police station，and hospital.The amount of time it takes to look up one of these important numbers can make a big difference to a seriously injured person.The place of first-aid equipment and rescue equipment should also be posted. All workplaces should have a person with first-aid or medical training in case of an emergency.First-aid equipment and supplies，including a variety of dressings and instruments，as well as an up-to-date first-aid book，should be stored where they can be reached quickly and easily in case of an accident.These supplies should be inspected frequently，making sure they are kept in sanitary(卫生的) and usable conditions and re-stored after use.Larger workplaces may need more than one fully-equipped first-aid bag. In lonely workplaces，emergency supplies and an action plan are especially important.At least one person trained in first aid should always be on-site(在现场的)．If first aid is not given properly，it can sometimes hurt rather than help an injured person，or even be harmful to the person giving first aid. All workers should know who is trained to give first aid on-site，where first-aid equipment is put，and what medical professionals or medical instruments should be found if a medical emergency happens. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在工作场所也应该配备急救设备、药物、能施救的人员等，说明了其重要性。 1．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The possibility to make a first-aid programme. B．Difference between the type and size of the workplace. C．The requirements of the law about a first-aid programme. D．The importance of a proper first-aid programme at the workplace. 答案　D 解析　段落大意题。根据第二段可知，这一段主要介绍了在工作场所适当的急救方案的重要性。故选D。 2．What should you do for a seriously injured person? A．Report the present conditions to the employers. B．Give first aid to him right away all by yourself. C．Run to the rescue centre to get first-aid equipment. D．Look up and call the emergency telephone numbers quickly. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句可知，对于受重伤的人而言，尽快拨打急救电话很关键。故选D。 3．Why are first-aid equipment and supplies stored in workplaces? A．To be reached quickly and used to rescue in time. B．To meet the requirements of the government. C．To deal with the inspection of higher departments. D．To make a medical training for the employees. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，在工作场所备好急救设备和用品，包括各种敷料和仪器，以及最新的急救手册，是为了发生事故时能够快速且方便地拿到，并用于及时救援。故选A。 4．According to the text，what are all workers required to do? A．Be far away from the accident place. B．Know the exact place of first-aid equipment. C．Be responsible for the result of the injured person. D．Be trained to give first aid to the injured in an accident. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，所有工作人员都应该知道谁能够实施急救，急救设备放置的位置，以及如果发生医疗紧急情况，应该找到什么样的医疗专业人员或医疗器械。故选B。 Ⅴ.完形填空 (2023·湖南长沙雅礼中学高二期中) The train had been long delayed.Running out of 1 ，Andy put down his book and looked out.He found the 2 at once：it was raining hard. He lay down and fell asleep but was soon woken up by a woman.She handed him his bag and 3 that it had slipped to the floor.He gratefully took it back and opened it， 4 to see his mother’s scarf and some sandwiches inside. Andy’s thoughts drifted(飘) to when he was 5 .His mother had insisted on putting her scarf in.“If it rains，it may get cold.” He remembered feeling 6 and had taken it out.But it was still here. 7 Andy realized he was burning with fever.Feeling helpless，he called his mum.“Take a 8 I have put in medicine，just 9 ，” she suggested.Touched by his mother’s 10 he took the medicine and soon fell deep asleep in the 11 of the scarf. Andy woke up later feeling much better.Then he noticed the woman，who’d 12 him earlier， 13 holding a baby in her arms，both shaking.Their clothes did little against the cold wind. Without thinking twice，Andy wrapped his mother’s scarf around the baby.To his 14 ，the child soon fell asleep in the love of not one，but two 15 . 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了安迪在火车上感受到母亲的关爱并帮助了别人的故事。 1．A.luck B．patience C．time D．energy 答案　B 解析　根据“The train had been long delayed.”可知，因为火车耽搁了很久，所以安迪失去了耐心，放下书往外看。故选B。 2．A.train B．truth C．cause D．notice 答案　C 解析　根据“it was raining hard”可知，安迪找到了火车耽搁了很久的原因。故选C。 3．A.insisted B．explained C．apologized D．admitted 答案　B 解析　根据“it had slipped to the floor”可知，这位女士解释了递给安迪包的原因。故选B。 4．A.surprised B．ready C．thankful D．expecting 答案　A 解析　根据“He remembered feeling and had taken it out.But it was still here.”可知，发现包里面是他已经拿出来的妈妈的围巾和一些三明治，安迪感到很惊讶。故选A。 5．A.checking B．leaving C．planning D．packing 答案　D 解析　根据“His mother had insisted on putting her scarf in.”可知，安迪想起了离家前收拾行李的时候。故选D。 6．A.hurt B．annoyed C．ashamed D．puzzled 答案　B 解析　根据“and had taken it out”可知，安迪当时很生气。故选B。 7．A.Lately B．Finally C．Suddenly D．Instantly 答案　C 解析　根据“Andy realized he was burning with fever”可知，安迪突然意识到自己发烧了。故选C。 8．A.look B．pill C．rest D．sandwich 答案　B 解析　根据“I have put in medicine”可知，妈妈为安迪准备了药片。故选B。 9．A.for safety B．on purpose C．in case D．by accident 答案　C 解析　根据“Take a I have put in medicine”可知，妈妈为安迪准备好了药，以防万一。故选C。 10．A.calmness B．confidence C．comfort D．care 答案　D 解析　根据“‘Take a I have put in medicine，just ，’ she suggested.”可知，安迪被母亲的关怀感动了。故选D。 11．A.warmth B．memory C．smell D．touch 答案　A 解析　根据“and soon fell deep asleep”可知，安迪在妈妈温暖的围巾中睡着了。故选A。 12．A.helped B．pleased C．disturbed D．greeted 答案　A 解析　根据“She handed him his bag and that it had slipped to the floor.”可知，那个女人帮助过安迪。故选A。 13．A.comfortably B．safely C．gently D．tightly 答案　D 解析　根据“holding a baby in her arms，both shaking”可知，因为寒冷，所以是紧紧地抱着孩子。故选D。 14．A.relief B．amazement C．mind D．advantage 答案　A 解析　根据“the child soon fell asleep”可知，孩子在温暖的围巾中睡着了，这让安迪很欣慰。故选A。 15．A.arms B．scarfs C．passengers D．mothers 答案　D 解析　根据“Without thinking twice，Andy wrapped his mother’s scarf around the baby.”可知，这是两位母亲的爱。故选D。 Ⅵ.语法填空 The world is full of tick boxes，particularly in our social lives.We want answers and we want them now.From the popularity of the “yes man” to the “it’s okay to say no” revolution，it sometimes feels like we 1. (catch) in a tug-of-war between the two extremes.In reality，both “yes” and “no” have many hugely important 2. (apply) in life.But what about those situations that fall 3. between? Using “maybe” in my personal and professional life actually lowers my likelihood of breaking 4. promise，reduces disappointment，and makes communication better for everyone involved. Earlier this week，a friend of mine invited me to a play 5. (star) his son on Friday night.But I，being 6. (terrible) busy at that time，told him it was a “maybe”．It turned out that I ended up 7. (assign) an extra project.It was a pity that I missed his son’s play，but I was not that 8. (shame) of my absence. Of course，the concept can be used in ways that are irritating or harmful.A “maybe” that sparks joy for you can leave the other person in the dark if not employed responsibly.If possible，let the person who issues the invitation 9. makes the demand of you know roughly how long you’re going to think things over，so he/she knows 10. to expect. 语篇解读　这是一篇议论文。文章讲述对于别人的邀请，介于“可以”和“不行”之间的“可能”对邀请者来说更容易接受。 1．答案　are caught 解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，空处为句子谓语，catch和主语we之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。be caught in意为“被困住”，且表达的是一般的情况，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，注意主谓一致。 2．答案　applications 解析　考查名词。分析句子及语境可知，空处为名词作宾语，意为“应用，运用”，且前面有many修饰，所以用名词复数。故填applications。 3．答案　in 解析　考查固定搭配。分析句子可知，此处意为“介于两者之间”，为固定短语in between。故填in。 4．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。分析句子可知，此处指“违背承诺”，promise在此处为可数名词，且发音是以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。break a promise意为“违背承诺”。 5．答案　starring 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，句子谓语动词为invited，且和空处无and连接，所以空处为非谓语，star和逻辑主语play之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语，修饰play。故填starring。 6．答案　terribly 解析　考查副词。修饰形容词busy要用副词terribly。 7．答案　being assigned 解析　考查固定搭配和动词语态。表示“以……结束”为end up doing sth，且此处assign和逻辑主语I之间是被动关系，所以用动名词的被动形式。故填being assigned。 8．答案　ashamed 解析　考查形容词。分析句子可知，空处为形容词作表语，意为“羞愧的”，且此处与of搭配，故填 形容词ashamed。 9．答案　or 解析　考查连词。分析句子可知，空处连接who引导的定语从句中并列的谓语动词issues和makes，且两者之间是选择关系，所以用连词or。 10．答案　what 解析　考查代词。分析句子可知，句子为“疑问词＋不定式”结构作know的宾语，表示“期待什么”，所以用疑问代词what。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$