Unit 1 Period 5 Extended reading-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选择性必修第四册（译林版2020）

Period 5　Extended reading—Reading comprehension Ⅰ.匹配单词 1．likewise　 A．an amount of sth such as time or money that you do not need to use or spend 2．phase B．the responsibility for sth wrong that has happened or been done 3．guidance C．the same；in a similar way 4．fault D．produced or practised without using artificial chemicals 5．organic E．a stage in a process of change or development 6．saving F．help or advice that is given to sb，especially by sb older or with more experience 答案　1.C　2.E　3.F　4.B　5.D　6. A Ⅱ.选词填空 1．With so much pressure weighing on me，I can’t sleep well at night. 2．The socialists made their minds to use all their strength and bravery to cope with what lay in store. 3．A large population and too many private cars contribute to heavy traffic jam in the city. 4．I will help to clean up the roadside garbage whenever possible，which I hope will make a difference. 5．I have known the news that you are looking for volunteers who will be responsible for airport testing of people abroad from the Internet. 6．We should be the masters of our fate，and not be at the mercy of our fate. Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What’s the main idea of the text? A．A speech about being confident. B．A speech about being adults. C．A speech about taking responsibility. D．A speech about being good students. 答案　C Ⅱ.悉层次结构 Read the text quickly to match the main idea with each paragraph. Para.1　 A．Responsibility is a foundation supporting the future development. Para.2 B．Call on the students to take their responsibilities. Para.3 C．Greeting and opening of the speech. Para.4 D．Students must take responsibility in their learning and daily life. Para.5 E．For students，it is time to fully accept the passage into adulthood. Para.6 F．Responsibility for your actions is important for the advance of society. 答案　Para.1 C　Para.2 E　Para.3 A　Para.4 D　Para.5 F　Para.6 B Step 2　细读——逐段获取细节 Ⅰ.Read Paras.1－2 and do the following exercises. 1．Whom does the author deliver the speech to? A．Teachers. B．Parents. C．Senior 1 students. D．Senior 3 students. 答案　D 2．What might be the students’ feelings about the new experiences of adulthood? A．Confident and delighted. B．Excited and anxious. C．Ambitious and responsible. D．Disappointed and nervous. 答案　B Ⅱ.Read Para.3 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．Why is “an anchor” mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To imply that an anchor is very important to a ship. B．To show that responsibility will be a weight that burdens the youth. C．To suggest that the youth should be responsible for their study. D．To indicate that a person without a sense of responsibility will be controlled by his improper behaviour. 答案　D 2．What rhetoric technique does the author use in the third paragraph? A．Irony(讽刺). B．Hyperbole(夸张)． C．Oxymoron(矛盾). D．Analogy(类比)． 答案　D Ⅲ.Read Para.4 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．What does the word “encounter” in paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Give up. B．Meet with. C．Leave behind. D．Put forward. 答案　B 2．When a man is determined to admit his own mistakes，what virtue does he possess? A．The virtue of honesty. B．The virtue of integrity. C．The virtue of courage. D．The virtue of determination. 答案　C Ⅳ.Read Para.5 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．What does the word “betterment” in the fifth paragraph mean? A．Improvement. B．Peace. C．Stability. D．Harmony. 答案　A 2．What does the story of a boy who threw the starfish back into the sea show? A．It shows the starfish deserve saving. B．It shows the boy is very brave and clever. C．It shows the importance of protecting the ocean. D．It shows anyone can make a difference to the world. 答案　D Ⅴ.Read Para.6 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．According to the principal，what is the first step into the adult world? 答案　Accepting your responsibility. 2．What’s the paraphrase of the Chinese saying “Jade is good-for-nothing if not carved.” (Lines 46－47) according to the principal? 答案　A man cannot be perfected without trials. 3．Why do you think the principal uses this saying? 答案　The principal uses this saying to tell the students to be ready to go through the trials(考验) of adulthood.Successfully overcoming these trials can help a person become a well-developed adult. Ⅵ.Read the whole passage and do the following exercises. 1．What is the author’s attitude towards the students’ coming adulthood? A．Skeptical. B．Optimistic. C．Indifferent. D．Critical. 答案　B 2．What is the author’s purpose in giving the speech? A．To ask the students to finish their homework on time. B．To congratulate the students on their new school life. C．To encourage the students to take their responsibilities. D．To present his personal thoughts about senior high school life. 答案　C Step 3　读后——讨论深度理解 1．What are the consequences of not taking responsibility？(Critical thinking) 2．What is the relationship between taking responsibility for yourself and taking responsibility for society？(Creative thinking) Step 4　总结——课文语法填空 Honoured guests，teachers and students，it is my pleasure and privilege 1.to welcome(welcome) you here today and present my thoughts on this special occasion. Students，the time has arrived for you to 2.fully(full) accept your passage into adulthood.At school，you have gradually understood the 3.importance(important) of a well-developed sense of responsibility.Hopefully，you have learnt to treat responsibility not as a weight that burdens you,4.but rather as a foundation which will support your future development. As students，you must take your studies seriously and accept responsibility for your own learning.This means meeting 5.deadlines(deadline) for your schoolwork，following your teachers’ guidance and always 6.aiming(aim) for academic excellence.Besides，you should take responsibility in all aspects of your everyday life，which will help build a strong character. Apart 7.from personal development，assuming responsibility for your actions is also important for the betterment of society.The little things you do can make 8.a difference! Working together，we have the power to gradually but continuously advance our society. Just as the Chinese saying goes，“Jade is good-for-nothing if not 9.carved(carve)．” Sow the seeds of success today and your harvest 10.will be(be) great tomorrow.I wish you every success in your adult life! Step 5　解读——长句难句分析 1．I have seen you grow from nervous Senior 1 students into confident young adults，who sit before me today，ready to embrace the next phase of your lives. [句式分析]　此句是复合句。第一个逗号前是主谓宾宾补结构的主句，主语是I，谓语是have seen，宾语是you，grow from...adults是宾语补足语；who引导的是非限制性定语从句。 [自主翻译]　我见证了你们从紧张的高一新生成长为自信的青年。今天，你们坐在我面前，准备好迎接你们生命的下一个阶段。 2．Hopefully，you have learnt to treat responsibility not as a weight that burdens you，but rather as a foundation which will support your future development. [句式分析]　此句是复合句，含有一个not...but...结构，not后面有一个that引导的定语从句，but后面有一个which引导的定语从句。 [自主翻译]　希望你们已经学会不去把责任当作困扰你们的重担，而是把它当作支持你们未来发展的基础。 3．As you go through your daily life，you will encounter many difficult situations where things may go wrong. [句式分析]　此句是主从复合句。as 引导的是时间状语从句，主句中又含有一个where引导的定语从句。 [自主翻译]　在日常生活中，你们会遇到许多困难的情况，在这些情况下事情可能会出错。 4．Always give your best in whatever you set out to do，however difficult that might be. [句式分析]　此句是主从复合句。主句是祈使句结构，in后面是whatever引导的宾语从句；however引导的是让步状语从句。 [自主翻译]　无论你们打算做什么，无论会有多困难，都要全力以赴去做。 5．You may have heard the story of a small boy who tried to save starfish left on the beach after a storm，by throwing them back into the sea. [句式分析]　此句是复合句。who引导定语从句，修饰先行词boy；过去分词短语left on the beach after a storm作后置定语，修饰名词starfish。 [自主翻译]　你们可能听说过一个小男孩的故事，他试图把风暴过后留在海滩上的海星扔回海里，以拯救它们。 6．However，the boy was not discouraged，believing that he could make a difference to the ones that he saved. [句式分析]　此句是主从复合句。believing...作状语；第一个that引导宾语从句；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词ones。 [自主翻译]　然而，小男孩并没有气馁，他相信自己能影响那些被他救起的海星。 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·湖南长沙高二期中) Which’s more important：Your employee or your customer? A popular business expression is，“The customer is always right.” But you should never say “always”． The owners of a restaurant in Alaska won international praise after protecting their autistic(自闭的) employee. When the employee delivered the wrong food to a customer’s house，that customer reacted violently and unkindly.Even after the employee corrected the mistake，the customer continued to shout.And that same customer was even rude to the restaurant owners’ daughter.So the owners “fired” the customer. Restaurant owners P．J.and Spiro Gialopsos have added the customer to the restaurant’s “Do Not Deliver” list.That customer is now persona non grata，Latin for “an unwelcome person”． P．J.Gialopsos wrote on the restaurant’s Facebook page，“You would think the majority of the population would have learned or at least heard about autism.” Gialopsos said，“The employee has worked at the Little Italy Restaurant in Anchorage，Alaska，for two years.He was very upset about the angry customer.” Gialopsos describes the employee as a seriously gifted university student who is curious about the world.She adds that the employee also has “an amazing personality，great sense of humor and a strong work ethic”． “This employee is also one who will not have to deal with that rude customer anymore，” added Gialopsos. Reached at home by reporters，Gialopsos says she is happy about the positive comments she and her husband are receiving.By Tuesday afternoon，her Facebook posting about the incident received more than 30,000 “Likes” and hundreds of positive comments.Comments and e-mails came from Australia，the United Kingdom，Ireland，Namibia and the United Arab Emirates. Gialopsos said she spent a couple of emotional days crying over the posts on the Facebook page.She adds that many parents from around the country who have children with autism wrote to her about the incident.“Their stories broke my heart，” she said.Another comment on Facebook that she found “striking” is a woman who thanked them for hiring someone who is “differently-abled”． 语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了阿拉斯加的一家餐馆的老板因保护了他们的自闭症员工而赢得了国际赞誉的故事。 1．Why did the owners of the restaurant receive praise? A．They would always put their customers first. B．They had a “Do Not Deliver” list in their restaurant. C．They fired a customer for hurting their autistic worker. D．They promised to deliver food to their customers’ house. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二、三段可知，这家餐馆的老板因一位顾客态度恶劣、言语粗鲁而伤害了他们的自闭症员工，最终“解雇”了这位顾客，因此得到了各方赞誉。故选C。 2．What made the customer angry? A．The employee acted unkindly. B．He didn’t get the food he ordered. C．The owners’ daughter was very impolite. D．He was considered as an unwelcome person. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“When the employee delivered the wrong food to a customer’s house，that customer reacted violently and unkindly.”可知，这位员工送错了食物，使得顾客没有得到他预订的食物，因此很生气。故选B。 3．Why did Gialopsos cry when she read the posts on Facebook? A．Because she was moved by others’ comments. B．Because children with autism were thankful to her. C．Because nobody understood what she had done. D．Because stories on the Facebook page hurt her feelings. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Gialopsos哭是因为网友们在她的Facebook上留下的帖子和评论让她非常感动。故选A。 4．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A restaurant guide. B．A personal diary. C．A research paper. D．A news report. 答案　D 解析　文章出处题。根据倒数第二段中的“Reached at home by reporters，Gialopsos says she is happy about the positive comments she and her husband are receiving.”和最后一段Gialopsos在接受记者采访时所说的话及全文内容可知，本文最可能来自一篇新闻报道。故选D。 B Why do people long for celebrity news? At least some of the hunger centers around schadenfreude—having joy from the suffering of others.People often act as if joy is dependent on achieving material gain.Seeing people that seem to “have it all” suffer (going through divorce，drug abuse，mental illness，etc.) momentarily destroys that thought.And then people can think，“Perhaps it’s OK that I don’t have my own television show，and own four large houses.” Let’s chat a bit more about schadenfreude and related concepts.If you’ve been alive a couple of decades，you’ve certainly seen plenty of examples showing that money does not bring happiness.But what brings happiness? One of the keys involves learning to fully attend to and enjoy the present moment—not just learning this as information，but，through practice，developing the skill of living mindfully in this moment. Other keys to happiness involve developing the skill of compassion(同情) and loving kindness.This may seem strange to readers: developing a skill of compassion? Don’t you just have or not have compassion? There are some types of meditation(冥想) that are designed to develop compassion and loving kindness. The four related qualities developed by these types of meditation practices are termed: loving kindness，calmness，compassion，and sympathetic joy.Sympathetic joy is the exact opposite of schadenfreude—with sympathetic joy，we get joy from the joy of others.Think of a close family member doing well and notice the joy you feel—that is sympathetic joy.To develop more sympathetic joy，when something good happens to another person，say to yourself (with as much meaning as possible)，“I’m happy for you.May your good fortune continue.May your good fortune grow.” When a person，celebrity or not，is suffering，you can practice a compassion meditation.Close your eyes and imagine a scene that naturally brings forth sympathy，such as hugging a loved one，or holding a baby.Then imagine saying to the person suffering，“May you be free from suffering，” or “May your suffering ease.” 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了同理心才能带来真正的快乐，纠正了某些人对别人幸灾乐祸的心态。 5．What can make us happy according to the author? A．Having a well-paid job. B．Owning great popularity. C．Focusing on celebrities’ news. D．Learning to live in the moment. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But what brings happiness? One of the keys involves learning to fully attend to and enjoy the present moment...”可知，学会关注和享受当下，我们才能真正快乐。故选D项。 6．What does the author mainly talk about in paragraph 2? A．Compassion and loving kindness. B．The origin of love. C．Happiness and meditation. D．Meditation practices. 答案　A 解析　段落大意题。根据第二段首句“Other keys to happiness involve developing the skill of compassion(同情) and loving kindness.”可知，作者在本段主要讲述同情和仁爱。故选A项。 7．Which of the following is sympathetic joy? A．You cheer up when a celebrity gets divorced. B．You crow over it when your schoolmate gets injured. C．You’re delighted when your classmate wins a competition. D．You’re pleased when a celebrity practices attentively meditation. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知，有了同理心式的快乐，我们就能从别人的快乐中获得快乐，所以“当你的同学赢得比赛时，你也会感到高兴”符合题意。故选C项。 8．What is the author’s purpose of writing the text? A．To show celebrities’ real life. B．To introduce the findings of a study. C．To stress the importance of happiness. D．To correct the negative attitudes to other people’s sufferings. 答案　D 解析　写作意图题。通读全文尤其是第一段的探讨和最后一段的建议可知，文章主要讲述了同理心才能带来真正的快乐，纠正了某些人对别人幸灾乐祸的心态，所以作者写这篇文章是为了纠正对别人的痛苦的错误态度。故选D项。 C Academic dishonesty is nothing new.As long as there have been homework assignments and tests，there have been cheaters.The way that cheating looks has changed over time，though，particularly now that technology has made it easier than ever.A study by the Josephson Institute of Ethics interviewed 23,000 high school students and asked them a variety of questions about academic ethics.Of the teens surveyed,51 percent said that they had knowingly cheated at some point on an exam but that they did not feel uneasy about the behaviour.A Common Sense Media survey found that 35 percent of students had cheated via smartphone，though the parents surveyed in that particular study did not believe their kids had ever cheated.In many cases，students did not realize that strategies like looking up answers on a smartphone were actually cheating at all. In today’s classrooms，students who cheat are rarely caught.There are no formulas written on the insides of hands or students looking across the aisle，or whispering answers to their classmates.Today’s students use smartphones，tablets or even in-class computers to aid their cheating attempts and leave no trace of their crimes.Since cheating through technology is not listed specifically as being against the rules in many school policies，students do not view the actions unethical(不合道德的)． The technology is being adopted so quickly that school districts cannot adequately keep up with cheating policies，or even awareness campaigns that alert students to the problem with using technology to find answers in a certain way.From a young age，students learn that answers exist conveniently at their fingertips through search engines and expert websites. Schools must develop anti-cheating policies that include technology and these policies must be updated consistently.Teachers must stay on guard when it comes to what their students are doing in classrooms and how technology could be playing a negative role in the learning process.Parents must also talk to their kids about the appropriate ways to find academic answers and alert them to unethical behaviours that may seem innocent in their own eyes. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍随着科技的发展，学生作弊变得越来越容易的现象。此外，文章也介绍了学校、老师和家长该如何应对这种情况。 9．What do we learn from the study by the Josephson Institute of Ethics? A．More than half of the interviewees felt no sense of guilt over cheating. B．Cheating was becoming a way of life for a majority of high school teens. C．Cheating was getting more and more difficult for high school students. D．Over half of the students interviewed were unaware they were cheating. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Of the teens surveyed,51 percent said that they had knowingly cheated at some point on an exam but that they did not feel uneasy about the behaviour.”可知，约瑟夫森道德研究所的研究发现超过一半的受访者对作弊并没有感到不安，即他们没有负罪感。故选A。 10．What did the Common Sense Media survey reveal? A．Most parents tended to overprotect their children. B．Parents and kids had conflicting ideas over cheating. C．Students were in urgent need of ethical education. D．Many students committed cheating without parents’ awareness. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“A Common Sense Media survey found that 35 percent of students had cheated via smartphone，though the parents surveyed in that particular study did not believe their kids had ever cheated.”可推知，许多学生是在家长不知情的情况下作弊的。故选D。 11．What does the author think schools should do to tackle cheating? A．Alert parents to their children’s behaviour. B．Reform their exam methods constantly. C．Take advantage of the latest technologies. D．Bring policies against cheating up to date. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Schools must develop anti-cheating policies that include technology and these policies must be updated consistently.”可知，作者认为为了应对作弊，学校必须制定反作弊政策，并不断更新。故选D。 12．What does the author suggest teachers do in the classroom? A．Prevent students from using electronic devices. B．Develop more effective anti-cheating strategies. C．Guard against students’ misuse of technology. D．Find more ways to stop students’ unethical acts. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Teachers must stay on guard when it comes to what their students are doing in classrooms and how technology could be playing a negative role in the learning process.”可知，作者建议老师在课堂上警惕学生滥用科技产品。故选C。 Ⅱ.七选五 Teenage years are one of the most exciting yet confusing stages in a person’s life.You are no longer a child，yet not quite an adult. 1 One of them is your pastime. Some pastimes have no moral implications.For example，shall we play basketball or soccer? 2 Some examples include attending a party where there will be alcohol and drugs freely given out，lying to your parents or even skipping school to watch a movie with some friends.How do you respond? Will you follow them? Wanting to feel part of a group may force you to do things against your better judgement.However，it is okay to say no to anything that is illegal，or potentially causes harm or is hurtful to you or others. 3 But you do not let that stop you from standing up to peer pressure and being true to yourself.If your friends are true friends，they will respect your decision and not force you to join them. There are some steps you may take to keep away from negative peer pressure.Firstly，stay away from friends who force you to do things that you know are wrong.Instead，spend more time with friends who share the same value as you. 4 And if a situation gets out of hand，do not hesitate to approach an adult you trust for help. It may not always be easy to resist peer pressure，but do know that you will feel good about yourself later.And even without you realizing it，you may have been a catalyst in your group to bring about a positive change. 5 A．This is when you form a new habit of making friends. B．Next，be true to yourself and stick to what you believe in. C．You are at a time of exploration，trying to find out your preferences. D．These peers no longer have the ability to develop their own personality. E．You may be afraid to refuse for fear of losing friends or being laughed at. F．However，there are other choices that need to be made based on your values in life. G．Others in your group may just follow your lead and gain courage to do the right thing. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了青少年时期的一些特点以及远离消极的同伴压力的方法。 1．答案　C 解析　上文提到了青少年时期是最令人困惑的阶段之一，且后文“One of them is your pastime.”提到了消遣，故本句旨在说明这一阶段的特点：你处在一个探索的时期，试图找出自己的喜好。故选C。 2．答案　F 解析　上文提到了不涉及道德判断的消遣，后文的例子则是关于道德判断的。由此可知，设空处应承上启下，F项符合语境，与上文构成转折关系，并引出下文的例子。故选F。 3．答案　E 解析　根据上文可知，想要融入群体可能会迫使你做一些违背自己正确判断的事情，后文则提到这并不会阻止你做真实的自己。由此可推测本句旨在说明你因为害怕失去朋友，而不敢拒绝对方。故选E。 4．答案　B 解析　根据上文以及后文“And if a situation gets out of hand，do not hesitate to approach an adult you trust for help.”可知，上文提到的是远离消极同伴压力的第一点措施，故本句是在说明第二点远离消极的同伴压力的措施——忠于自己的想法并坚持自己所相信的。故选B。 5．答案　G 解析　上文提到“你可能已经成为团队中的催化剂，带来了积极的改变”，G项“团队中的其他人可能会跟随你的领导并有勇气做正确的事”符合语境，指出具体带来的改变。故选G。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$