Unit 1 Period 2 Welcome to the unit & Reading-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选择性必修第四册（译林版2020）

Period 2　Welcome to the unit & Reading—Language points 提示：题干中加底纹的词汇为本单元词汇。 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．The geophysicist refused to lie about it；it’s against his principles. 2．He wired(打电报) the girl and made an appointment with her before going to the city. 3．The socialist had outlined(概述) his proposal to the committee before drawing up a plan. 4．She was wearing a red dress with a small white bow on the collar(衣领)． 5．The suspect was arrested by the police and held for questioning. 6．The architect intends to buy a diamond ring for his beautiful bride. 7．The specialist stepped forward for another few inches(英寸) and found a snake lying there. 8．It is worthwhile to preserve ancient civilizations for future generations. 9．He often conflicted with his colleagues，so he decided on resigning from his job. 10．Fortunately，I was blessed with an incredible childhood. Ⅱ.词形变化填空 1．I could barely hear any sound when the photographer came in because he walked with bare feet.(bare) 2．I should have arrived at his office at the appointed time because I had an appointment with him.But I was appointed to pick up a guest of our company at the airport.(appoint) 3．Reference service must rely on abundant and reliable reference resources.(rely) 4．The criminal claimed that he was innocent but lacked evidence to prove his innocence.(innocent) 5．It is illegal to park here.Anyone who parks here illegally will be fined.(legal) Ⅲ.完成句子 1．In the beautiful field flows a small river；along the river stand some trees.(倒装结构) 在美丽的田野里流淌着一条小河，沿河矗立着一些树。 2．Every substance in the world，no matter how different it may seem from any other substance, is made partly of electrons.(no matter how引导让步状语从句) 世界上每一种物质不管看起来和其他物质多么不同，都有一部分是由电子组成的。 3．I found all the missing things where I had left them.(where引导状语从句) 我在丢东西的地方找到了所有丢失的东西。 appointment n．约定，约会；任命，委任；职务[appoint vt.约定，指定(时间、地点等)；任命，委任appointed adj.约定的；指定的] •make/have an appointment with sb与某人约会 keep/break an appointment守/失约 •appoint sb as/to be...任命某人为…… appoint sb to do sth委派某人做某事 (1)(应用文写作之道歉信)I am terribly sorry that I can’t keep an appointment due to some urgent matters.If possible，I can make an appointment with you at 9 am next Sunday.Please accept my heartfelt apology. 非常抱歉，因为一些紧急的事情，我不能赴约了。如果可能的话，我可以和您约在下周日上午9点见面。请接受我衷心的道歉。 (2)(应用文写作之申请信)If (I am) appointed as/to be chairman of the Student Association，I will appoint ministers to organize colorful extra-curricular activities to enrich the boring campus life. 如果我被任命为学生会主席，我将任命部长来组织丰富多彩的课外活动，以丰富乏味的校园生活。 reliable adj.可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的(rely vi.依靠；依赖 reliability n．可靠性) rely on/upon...to do/doing...依赖……做…… rely on/upon it that...指望……；相信…… (1)We could barely rely on the criminal to tell/telling(tell) the truth under the circumstances.Of course，we also doubted the reliability(reliable) of what he would state. (2)(2022·浙江6月，读后续写)Sensing that I was nervous in front of so many homeless people，the lady next to me who was reliable and warm-hearted cast a comforting smile at me. 在我旁边的那位可靠、热心的女士觉察出我在这么多无家可归的人面前很紧张，就朝我投来一个安慰的微笑。 worthwhile adj.值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)，重要的，令人愉快的[worth adj.值得的 n．价值 worthy adj.值得(或应得)……的；值得尊敬的，值得注意的] •It is worthwhile doing/to do sth.做某事是值得的。 •be worth＋钱数　值……钱 Sth be (well) worth doing＝It is (well) worth doing sth.某事(非常)值得被做。 •be worthy of 值得…… sth be worthy of being done/to be done 某事值得被做 (1)She said she was not worthy of the honour they had offered her. (2)(2022·全国甲，书面表达)保护海洋是值得的，毕竟，它不仅为我们提供了足够的食物，而且保持了大自然的平衡。 ①It is worthwhile protecting/to protect the ocean and after all，it not only offers us sufficient food but also maintains the balance of nature.(worthwhile) ②The ocean is worth protecting/It’s worth protecting the ocean and after all，it not only offers us sufficient food but also maintains the balance of nature.(worth) ③The ocean is worthy of being protected/to be protected and after all，it not only offers us sufficient food but also maintains the balance of nature.(worthy) arrest n．& vt.逮捕，拘捕 •under arrest被逮捕 •arrest sb for sth因某事逮捕某人 arrest one’s attention 吸引某人的注意力 (1)It is reported that the driver of the truck，considered to be fully responsible for the accident，has been under arrest. (2)A suspect has been arrested for the robbery and sentenced to 5 years in prison. (3)(2023·浙江1月，读后续写改编)A noise at a window arrested my attention，so I tiptoed into the milking house，only to find that a hummingbird was desperately trying to escape. 窗户上的声音引起了我的注意，所以我蹑手蹑脚地走进挤奶房，却发现一只蜂鸟正拼命地想逃跑。 resign vt.& vi.辞职，辞去 resign from从……辞职 resign as辞去(某职务) resign oneself to (doing) sth听任；顺从；只好接受(做)某事 (1)Learning that the reliable man had resigned from his position as manager，we were so shocked that our mouths fell open. (2)(2022·浙江1月，读后续写)My sick partner patted me on the shoulder，saying，“Only if you don’t resign yourself to difficulties can you conduct our project perfectly.” 我生病的伙伴拍着我的肩膀说：“只有你不向困难屈服，你才能把我们的项目做得很好。” arm in arm 臂挽着臂 hand in hand手牵手；密切相关 face to face面对面 back to back背靠背 shoulder to shoulder＝side by side 肩并肩 eyes to eyes四目相对 heart to heart心贴心；诚恳地 (1)(读后续写之场景描写)Watching the old couple walking along the beach arm in arm gives me a sense of happiness. 看着这对老夫妻臂挽着臂走在沙滩上，我有一种幸福的感觉。 (2)(应用文写作之环境保护)Only when all of us join hand in hand to ban noise pollution can we have a better environment and a more beautiful future. 只有当我们所有人都携手禁止噪声污染时，我们才能拥有更好的环境和更美好的未来。 (3)Some people believe that using mobile phones and computers to communicate may make them lose the ability to communicate with each other face to face. 有些人认为使用手机和电脑进行沟通可能会使他们失去面对面交流的能力。 (4)(读后续写之场景描写)His two nephews were walking in the street shoulder to shoulder/side by side when a car ran violently towards them. 他的两个侄子正在街上肩并肩地走着，突然一辆汽车朝他们猛地冲了过来。 形容词/副词＋enough＋to do sth结构 教材原句 Twenty years is a long time，but not long enough to change the shape of a man’s nose. 二十年确实很长，但还没长到可以改变一个人鼻子的形状。(P3) •形容词/副词＋enough＋to do sth结构意为“足够……可以做……”，enough前常用形容词或副词，该结构可与so/such...that...结构转换； •若enough前出现否定词，则不仅否定enough，而且也否定其后的动词不定式，意为“不够……而不能做……”，该结构可与“too...to...”句型互相转换。 (1)Would you be kind enough to take(take) my bag upstairs for me? (2)The boy is not old enough to understand(understand) these complicated principles. (3)(话题写作之人物介绍)Our English teacher is so generous and responsible that he offers us top tips on how to improve our English. →Our English teacher is generous and responsible enough to offer us top tips on how to improve our English.(用 “形容词＋enough＋to do”改写) Ⅰ.一词多义 wire A.vt.给某人打电报　B.vt.接通电源　C.n.金属丝；电线 1．Don’t touch that wire or you’ll get a shock. C 2．He wired his parents his flight number and arrival time. A 3．As soon as the equipment is wired up，you can use it. B Ⅱ.熟词生义 1．They failed to arrest the company’s decline.阻止 2．The engine of this new machine sounds a bit suspect.有问题的，运转不好的 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The specialist thinks that this article is worthy of being translated(translate) into English. 2．It is said that he resigned after being suspected of theft. 3．Every morning my reliable friend and I walk down the street to school arm in arm. 4．The criminal didn’t have any time to react before the police stormed in and placed him under arrest. 5．Fortunately(fortune)，the ancient building was well preserved with joint efforts. 6．China’s development is a blessing(bless) and incredible opportunity to the whole world. 7．He gathered enough evidence which could prove his innocence(innocent) and we all looked at him in awe(敬畏)． 8．We citizens should be legally(legal) responsible for protecting Chinese ancient civilisation. 9．I will take charge of the activity and you must submit your entries before June 16. 10．Guilty(guilt) and frustrated，the operator lowered his head. Ⅱ.选词填空 1．Eventually he made his fortune by selling cotton quilts in big cities. 2．It has been assessed that tearing down the old building would take great efforts and money. 3．A serious conflict broke out and they lost contact with each other from that day on. 4．We have kept in touch for three years since our first encounter. 5．The boy who wanted to buy the puppy pulled out a handful of change. Ⅲ.完成句子(应用文写作之评价他人) 1．汤姆是一个可靠的人，所以和他相处是值得的。(worthwhile) It is worthwhile getting/to get along with Tom because he is a reliable man. 2．自上学以来，他从来没有向困难屈服过。 Since he went to school，he has never been resigning himself to difficulties. 3．他为人正派，乐于帮助那些有困难的人摆脱困境。(adj.＋enough＋to do) He is decent and ready enough to help those in trouble out of difficulty. 4．他从不失约，这就是他周围的人对他评价很高的原因。 He never breaks an appointment and this is why he is highly thought of by those around him. 5．这就是汤姆，一个非常值得尊敬的人。 Such is Tom，a person well worth respecting. Ⅳ.阅读理解 (2023·江苏扬州高二统考期中) The history of humankind is littered with crafty and seasoned liars.Lying，it turns out，is something that most of us are highly skilled in.We lie with ease，in ways big and small，to strangers，co-workers，friends，and loved ones.Being dishonest is woven into our very fabric，so much so that it would be truthful to say that to lie is human. Like learning to walk and talk，lying is something of a developmental milestone.While parents often find their children’s lies troubling—for they signal the beginning of a loss of innocence—Kang Lee，a psychologist，sees the emergence of the behavior in children as a comforting sign that their cognitive(认知的) growth is on track. To study lying in children，Lee and his colleagues use a simple experiment.They ask kids to guess the identity of toys hidden from their view，based on an audio clue.The sound played has nothing to do with the toy.“So you play Beethoven，but the toy’s a car，” Lee explains.The experimenter leaves the room，using the excuse of taking a phone call—a lie for the sake of science—and asks the child not to peek at the toy.Returning，the experimenter asks the child for the answer，following up with the question：“Did you peek or not？” Most children can’t resist peeking.The percentage of the children who peek and then provide false statements about it depends on their age.Among two-year-old，only 30 percent are mendacious.Among three-year-old,50 percent lie.And by eight，about 80 percent claim they didn’t peek. What drives this increase in lying is the development of a child’s ability to put himself or herself in someone else’s shoes.Known as theory of mind，this is the facility we acquire for understanding the beliefs，intentions，and knowledge of others.What then might be the best way to block the rapid advance of untruths into our lives? The answer isn’t clear.Technology has opened up a new frontier for dishonesty，adding a 21st-century twist to the age-old problem. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明说谎是人类的天性，并通过对不同年龄的孩子进行实验告诉我们，撒谎意味着正常的成长。 1．What can we learn about the human tendency to lie? A．It is a rare occurrence. B．It is part of human nature. C．It emerges in adulthood. D．It results from human greed. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段的“Being dishonest is woven into our very fabric，so much so that it would be truthful to say that to lie is human.”可知，说谎是人的本性。故选B。 2．Which statement will Kang Lee probably agree with? A．Children who lie are more likely to fail. B．Parents should prevent children from lying. C．Lying in children suggests a normal growth. D．Lying is a sign of a child’s loss of innocence. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段的“Kang Lee，a psychologist，sees the emergence of the behavior in children as a comforting sign that their cognitive(认知的) growth is on track”可知，李康认为撒谎意味着正常的成长。故选C。 3．What were the children tasked to do in the experiment? A．Determine the names of the hidden items. B．Provide false statements about their actions. C．Hide toys from the view of the experimenter. D．Guess the link between toys and sound clues. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段的“They ask kids to guess the identity of toys hidden from their view，based on an audio clue.”可知，试验中孩子们被要求断定隐藏着的玩具的名称。故选A。 4．What does the underlined word “mendacious” mean in paragraph 4? A．Cooperative. B．Trustworthy. C．Irresponsible. D．Untruthful. 答案　D 解析　词义猜测题。根据上文“The percentage of the children who peek and then provide false statements about it depends on their age.”可知，画线词所在句讲述的是撒谎的孩子的比例，因此推断画线词所在句句意：在两岁的孩子中，只有30%的人说谎了。因此画线词mendacious意为“说谎的”，与untruthful同义。故选D。 Ⅴ.完形填空 I’ve had Maggie since Valentine’s Day 2015.I was in school， 1 to graduate in May，and I knew I probably shouldn’t take on the responsibility.My sister had been scoping out(观察) a certain dog at the 2 and planned to get there on Saturday morning.However，one person was there before us，and they 3 her! My sister and I still walked around the rescue to 4 the other puppies.Then we 5 Maggie.When they brought us into the room，she was so 　6　 but after 45 seconds of love from us she became the happy，lovely dog she is today.And the rest is 7 ！ Maggie is half pointer(指示犬) and half mountain goat.One day we were hiking in the foothills and I had her off leash(拴狗链)．She instantly started 8 when she saw a herd of deer a few yards away.Before I could 9 ，she was gone.She chased those deer all over the mountains and was 10 ！ I could only hear her barking. 11 after about 15 minutes，however it felt like eternity，I saw her running back my way with the biggest smile on her face.She had had the best 12 and couldn’t wait to tell me.After I put my 13 back into my chest，I put her back on the leash and gave her all the love.Even though she is a 14 one，she still knows who 15 her and comes back. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是作者和妹妹在动物救助所收养了一只小狗——Maggie，作者对她悉心照顾，Maggie也和作者建立了深厚的感情。 1．A.allowed B．forced C．prepared D．convinced 答案　C 解析　根据上文的“I was in school”可知，作者还在上学，所以是准备5月毕业。故选C。 2．A.rescue B．school C．hospital D．shop 答案　A 解析　根据下文“My sister and I still walked around the rescue to the other puppies.”可知，作者的妹妹在动物救助所看中了一只狗。故选A。 3．A.left B．got C．bought D．met 答案　B 解析　根据上文内容可知，作者和妹妹前往动物救助所是为了领养一只妹妹看中的狗，根据空前“one person was there before us”可知，有人比“我们”先到，所以先到的人得到了那只狗。故选B。 4．A.look after B．play with C．figure out D．check out 答案　D 解析　根据上文可知，两个人看中的狗已经被别人领养了，所以他们在动物救助所是想看看其他小狗。故选D。 5．A.encountered B．refused C．received D．helped 答案　A 解析　根据下文“When they brought us into the room，she was so but after 45 seconds of love from us she became the happy，lovely dog she is today.”可知，作者和妹妹遇到了Maggie。故选A。 6．A.pleased B．scared C．angry D．curious 答案　B 解析　根据空后的“but”可知，前后存在转折关系，可知空处和“happy，lovely”相反，推知Maggie刚开始很害怕。故选B。 7．A.history B．pain C．prejudice D．ambition 答案　A 解析　the rest is history意为“结果如何不必赘述”或“结局是尽人皆知的”。此处指作者和妹妹自然地领养了Maggie。故选A。 8．A.thinking B．waiting C．pointing D．hesitating 答案　C 解析　根据下文“She chased those deer all over the mountains”可知，Maggie跟着鹿群跑走了，所以空处指的是Maggie向着鹿群跑去。故选C。 9．A.measure B．witness C．scold D．react 答案　D 解析　根据下文“she was gone”可知，作者还没有反应过来，Maggie就跑了。故选D。 10．A.out of breath B．out of sight C．out of reach D．out of practice 答案　B 解析　根据下文“I could only hear her barking.”可知，作者已经看不到Maggie了，只能听到Maggie的叫声。故选B。 11．A.Hopefully B．Surprisingly C．Thankfully D．Unwillingly 答案　C 解析　根据上文可知，Maggie追逐着鹿群消失在作者的视线中。而根据空后“I saw her running back my way with the biggest smile on her face”可知，Maggie笑着跑了回来，对作者而言，这真是谢天谢地的好事。故选C。 12．A.experiment B．advantage C．dream D．adventure 答案　D 解析　根据上文“She chased those deer all over the mountains”可知，Maggie跟着鹿群跑走了，对她而言，这是一次冒险。故选D。 13．A.stomach B．heart C．hands D．face 答案　B 解析　put one’s heart back into chest意为“把心放回胸膛；安下心”。故选B。 14．A.wild B．normal C．natural D．brilliant 答案　A 解析　根据上文“Maggie is half pointer(指示犬) and half mountain goat.”以及作者是在动物救助所看到的Maggie可知，她是一只野狗。故选A。 15．A.appreciates B．discovers C．feeds D．follows 答案　C 解析　根据下文“and comes back”以及上文内容可知，作者对Maggie很好。由此推断，Maggie虽然是野狗，却知道作者在喂养她，所以她会回来。故选C。 Ⅵ.语法填空 Shanghai has 1. population of 5.8 million residents aged 60 and above.How to improve their quality of life，especially those senior citizens with the problem of dysmnesia(记忆障碍)，is a great challenge for the local government. Happily，the Memory Café in Pudong 2. (find) its way by now to help the senior residents in local communities by organizing interactive activities to fight dysmnesia 3._____________ (proper)． The café，launched a few years ago，now has some regular senior volunteers 4.___________ range between 70 and 82 years of age.Volunteers in the café are trained to be receptionists，cashiers or baristas(咖啡馆服务员)．Every week they come to the coffee shop at 5. (fix) schedule for training.The Memory Café is reportedly China’s first of its kind 6.__________ (target) elderly people with cognitive(认知) disabilities. “Before joining the café volunteer program，what I did most every day was watching TV.I 7._________(feel) lonely and afraid when realizing I couldn’t remember things well，” 73-year-old Peng Mingxiang said.“There are many people of my age，and I make friends and share the experience of getting older 8. them.I am becoming braver and more optimistic.When I serve customers，even though I am slow or even serve the wrong coffee，young people are 9. (understand)，which makes me feel good and respected，” Peng added. Such a charitable shop as the Memory Café is well worth 10. (build)，which pioneers anti-dysmnesia efforts for seniors and wins public support. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了上海浦东的记忆咖啡馆目前已经找到了方法来帮助当地的老年人，他们通过组织互动活动来恰当地抵抗记忆障碍。 1．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。固定搭配have a population of表示“有……人口”。 2．答案　has found 解析　考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，设空处是句子谓语，与主语the Memory Café之间是主动关系，根据时间状语by now可知，应用现在完成时，主语the Memory Café是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has。 3．答案　properly 解析　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，这里应用副词作状语修饰动词fight。 4．答案　that/who 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是volunteers，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或who。 5．答案　fixed 解析　考查形容词。设空处修饰名词schedule，应用形容词fixed作定语，意为“固定的”。 6．答案　to target 解析　考查非谓语动词。序数词后用不定式作后置定语。 7．答案　felt 解析　考查动词时态。分析句子可知，设空处是句子谓语，根据语境，回忆往事，应用一般过去时。 8．答案　with 解析　考查介词。句中make friends with和share...with都是固定搭配，故填with。 9．答案　understanding 解析　考查形容词。根据空格前are可知，应使用形容词understanding作表语，表示“通情达理的，善解人意的”。 10．答案　building 解析　考查固定短语。固定短语sth be well worth doing表示“非常值得做某事”。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$