Unit 2 Period 2 Understanding ideas-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选择性必修第四册（外研版2019）

A SUCCESSFUL FAILURE 20 May，1916 We have been struggling for days, but things on Elephant Island are going from bad to worse. We are now crowded together under one of our boats on the rocky shore of this miserable1 place. Soon after we arrived, Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia Island, 1,320 kilometres away—the voyage2 was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it in our small boats. If Shackleton fails, will we have any hope of rescue? No. No navy3 in the world ever stops at Elephant Island, and no one else knows that we are here. I feel low. It’s cold and windy. The island has no plants. Sometimes we are able to catch a seal or a penguin to eat. Otherwise, there is no food. I try to think of happier things：decent4 food, warm and dry clothes, a cosy5 bedroom, sunny days, and my mother’s face...However, these happy memories are soon interrupted by a sudden cold rush of air. I shouted, “Shut the door！” “Hold on now, Perce. Don’t you go turning into another Tom，” came the reply.“We’ve caught another penguin, so it’s penguin soup tonight！” Bless Frank Wild, the kindest man there is after our leader, Ernest Shackleton. How could I become as selfish6 and bad-tempered7 as Thomas Orde-Lees! Without Frank and Ernest, we’d all be dead by now. Their genuine8 concern for others, their perseverance9, and their resolve fill me with hope. Perhaps there is a chance we will return home, after all. (节选自人教版新教材选择性必修第三册 Unit 4 ) 词汇积累 1．miserable /'mɪzrəbl/ adj.痛苦的；令人难受的 2．voyage /'vɔɪɪdʒ/ n．& vi.航海；航行 3．navy /'neɪvi/ n．海军；海军部队 4．decent /'diːsnt/ adj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的 5．cosy /'kəʊzi/ adj.温馨的；舒适的 6．selfish /'selfɪʃ/ adj.自私的 7．good/bad-tempered adj.脾气好的/坏的 8．genuine /'dʒenjuɪn/ adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的 9．perseverance /ˌpɜːsɪ'vɪərəns/ n．毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神 Period 2　Understanding ideas—Reading comprehension Ⅰ.匹配单词 1．pessimistic　 A．to imagine or expect that something will happen 2．anticipate B．existing or happening over a large area or among many people 3．possession C．different from what is usual or average，especially in a way that is bad 4．abnormal D．thinking that bad things are more likely to happen or emphasizing the bad part of a situation 5．widespread E．something that you own or that you are carrying with you at a particular time 答案　1.D　2.A　3.E　4.C　5.B Ⅱ.选词填空 1．The injured soldier was reunited with his comrades with the help of a correspondent two months ago. 2．From my point of view，the show was far from a failure; instead，it was a great success. 3．As a qualified correspondent，you should not easily get distracted by others’ opinions. 4．I always keep in touch with my best friend even though we live in different cities. 5．I’ve been trying to ring up all day but I couldn’t get through. Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What is the passage mainly about? A．The introduction to Tuesdays with Morrie. B．Comments on Tuesdays with Morrie by four readers. C．Tuesdays with Morrie is the readers’ favourite book. D．How to live a full life. 答案　B Ⅱ.悉层次结构 Read the passage and match the main idea with each part. Part 1　A．This book should be on all school reading lists. Part 2 B．Tuesdays with Morrie tells a series of lessons on the meaning of life. Part 3 C．Always keep in touch with the good people you meet as you go through life. Part 4 D．Far from being a book about death，Tuesdays with Morrie is a book about life. Part 5 E．The book made one think about how much he is influenced by popular culture and the importance of creating his own values based on love and open communication. 答案　Part 1 B　 Part 2 D　Part 3 A　Part 4 E　Part 5 C Step 2　细读——逐段获取细节 Ⅰ.Read Part 1 carefully and do the following exercise. Which of the following is NOT right according to the passage? A．Morrie suffered from a serious disease. B．The book is more about life than death. C．Morrie and Mitch are teacher and student. D．Mitch was very content with his life. 答案　D Ⅱ.Read Parts 2－5 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．Which of the following will Arthur K agree with about the book? A．It is about death，so it is too pessimistic. B．It will make people lose the hope of life. C．It encourages people to fight with diseases. D．It encourages people to make full use of each day. 答案　D 2．Why does Amy Wang think that the book should be on all school reading lists? A．Because the book will be beneficial to young people. B．Because the book can tell students how to focus on their study. C．Because the book can teach young people how to make money. D．Because the book full of pictures is very interesting. 答案　A 3．How did Vivian end her comments? A．By comparison. B．By quotation(引用)． C．By listing examples. D．By asking questions. 答案　B 4．From the last paragraph，what can we learn? A．The book also deals with love and friendship. B．Always keeping in touch with friends can be difficult. C．It’s impossible to love and be loved at the same time. D．Vivian has made many friends but none of them is reliable. 答案　A Ⅲ.Read the whole passage and do the following exercises. 1．Where is the passage probably taken from? A．A textbook. B．A news report. C．A web page. D．A magazine. 答案　C 2．Which topics of the book are not mentioned in the passage? A．Joy and hope. B．Art and power. C．Friendship and love. D．Death and values. 答案　B Step 3　读后——讨论深度理解 Activity 1　Discussion 1．What lessons can you learn from the book Tuesdays with Morrie based on the four readers’ comments？(Critical thinking) 2．What would you do to make your life meaningful？(Creative thinking) Step 4　总结——课文语法填空 Tuesdays with Morrie is a book which contains weekly conversations between Mitch and his favourite college professor，Morrie.The weekly conversations focus 1.on/upon the meaning of life and how best to live it.Here are four readers’ comments on the book. Arthur K argues that this book is about dying，but it is not pessimistic.In fact，this book is filled with joy and hope，which encourages us 2.to appreciate(appreciate) what we have，and to make 3.the most of each day. Reading this book 4.makes(make) Amy Wang feel as if she’d been woken up from a long sleep and finally opened her eyes to the world！After finishing it，she feels she has been given a 5.deeper(deep) insight into the world and can see things from a different point of view. 6．What impressed Marty first was that this book just consists of a collection of repeated over-emotional thoughts and messages，even though it has gained widespread 7.recognition(recognize)．But thinking back，Marty did realize the importance of creating his own values 8.based(base) on love and open communication. Vivian thinks 9.highly(high) of Morrie’s reflections on love and friendship，which made her realise how much she misses her good friends.She says one of the 10.lessons(lesson) of the book is to keep in touch with the good people we meet as we go through life. Step 5　解读——长句难句分析 1．I think it’s important for young people to know that making a lot of money won’t always make them happy，or that looking different doesn’t make a person abnormal! [句式分析]　此句是复合句。句中 it’s important for young people...abnormal是宾语从句，其中it作形式主语，to know that...作真正的主语；that making...happy和that looking...abnormal为or连接的两个that引导的宾语从句，两个从句中的making a lot of money和 looking different均为动名词短语作主语。 [自主翻译]　我认为对于年轻人来说，重要的是明白赚很多钱并不总能带来快乐，看上去与众不同并不代表不正常。 2．Despite its widespread recognition，my first impression was that Tuesdays with Morrie is just made up of a collection of over-emotional thoughts and messages，many of which are repeated. [句式分析]　此句是复合句。句中Despite its widespread recognition作让步状语；that引导表语从句；many of which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词thoughts and messages。 [自主翻译]　尽管《相约星期二》这本书得到了广泛的认可，但是我的第一印象是，它只是传达了过于感性的思想和信息，其中有很多是重复的。 3．Like Mitch，Morrie makes you aware that you want to die feeling that you have lived life to the full，knowing that you are loved and have loved others as much as you could. [句式分析]　此句是复合句。句中aware that...为形容词短语作宾补，其中feeling that you have lived life to the full和knowing that you are loved and have loved others as much as you could均为现在分词短语作伴随状语，且两个that均引导宾语从句。 [自主翻译]　莫里提醒米奇，也提醒了人们：在你将死之时，要感觉你已经活得很充实，要知道自己是被爱的，也一直尽力爱着别人。 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Whether we are young or old，we all have a dream we would love to achieve.The issue is that most of us have no idea where to begin to turn a great idea into fact，or that we choose to abandon our dreams when the going gets tough.If this is you，then self-help guide Dream and Achieve: Discover and Express Your Passion in Your Lifetime by Kola Olutimehin should be at the top of your reading list. Kola，who fittingly describes himself as a “Dream Driver”，has helped thousands of people achieve through his coaching and public speaking，and he has distilled(提炼) all his wisdom and tried-and-tested methods into this book. At the beginning of the book，Kola defines what we mean by a “dream”，stating that a dream is a long-cherished vision of what you want to make your inheritance and your contribution to the world.That doesn’t mean that this dream，whatever it may be，is already fully formed in your mind.It may be fuzzy(模糊的)；it may just be a feeling that you were born to attain something you don’t currently possess. What I love in this section of the book is how Kola，who has built his own business empire with blood，sweat and tears，debunks(驳斥) the common myths people associate with becoming a success，such as the need to make decisions with fully detailed plans. He therefore urges readers，when faced with a decision，to consider the four “ds”．These are Desire—questioning what you truly want and why you want it；acting on your Decision，which is an active step；Determination，chiefly having the staying power not to backtrack；and Discipline，which means you must continue to act upon your decision to help make your dreams a reality. In conclusion，author Kola Olutimehin has captured the essence of success and set it down in print，and Dream and Achieve is the one book you need to find your life’s purpose，and achieve it. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章是关于《梦想与成就：发现并表达你一生的激情》的书评，介绍并评价了这本书。 1．What can you get from the book by Kola? A．A guide to realize your dream. B．Some skills about public speaking. C．A way to become a rich businessman. D．Some advice on wise reading choices. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，如果你不知道如何实现梦想，或者在努力的过程中放弃了，那么你应该读Kola的书，由此可知人们可以从书中得到实现梦想的指导。故选A。 2．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The definition of a dream. B．The importance of a dream. C．The power of a dream. D．The form of a dream. 答案　A 解析　段落大意题。根据第三段的“...stating that a dream is a long-cherished vision...it may just be a feeling that you were born to attain something you don’t currently possess.”可知，本段主要介绍了什么是梦想，即梦想的定义。故选A。 3．What does Kola suggest people do when making decisions? A．Make fully detailed plans. B．Get rid of your desires. C．Stay optimistic and positive. D．Think about things you really want. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“He therefore urges readers，when faced with a decision...questioning what you truly want and why you want it”可知，Kola对人们在做决定时的建议之一是认真思考自己真正想要的东西。故选D。 4．What is the text? A．A news report. B．A short story. C．A book review. D．A research article. 答案　C 解析　文章类型题。通读文章尤其是最后一段可推知，本文是一篇书评，介绍并评价了Kola Olutimehin的《梦想与成就：发现并表达你一生的激情》一书。故选C。 B Mr Scold,77 years old，came to me for his blood pressure reading of 190/80.He claimed he hadn’t changed any of his medicine.During the appointment with him，I found an interesting detail—a few months ago，he had received a subscription(订阅) to a national newspaper. Rather than thinking about growing the prettiest roses in town，Mr Scold began to worry about mad cow disease，global trade wars and more he learned from the newspaper.With his new and vast circle of concern，his blood pressure was through the roof. Our little three-pound brain was once busy securing bread and meat for the longest time.But now it has suddenly become aware of massive unsolvable problems，from a large asteroid(小行星) that nearly missed the earth，to the man-made conflicts that occupy the headline news.However，no matter how predictable your daily life is，once these big problems occupy your mind，peace and good sleep will disappear. A few years ago，in our house，we faced a very different local threat.An unwelcome visitor got into our basement—a mouse.The whole family came together to face this threat.When we finally caught the mouse，I realized that during those two days，we forgot that parts of the world were still at war and that the economy was facing headwinds. “Sometimes，maybe the little daily problems are a gift for us，” I thought.A solvable problem draws attention away from big unsolvable problems.I felt genuinely thankful that the mouse gave me this wisdom.The clicking refrigerator noise，the overgrown weeds and my one-star reviews—I have started to welcome the little annoyances，which keep my mind busy and serve as the protection against the worry of the big unsolvable issues. I almost forgot to tell you about Mr Scold.He cut down the daily dose(剂量) of negative information，and in a few weeks his blood pressure was back to normal. 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。“我”通过病人Mr Scold的故事以及自己捕捉老鼠的经历感悟到：比起心系一些无法解决的大事，关注身边可解决的小事更有利于身心健康。 5．Why did Mr Scold’s blood pressure rise? A．He failed to grow the best roses in town. B．He devoted much time to the newspaper. C．He was exposed to a lot of negative news. D．He was concerned about his physical health. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，自从接触一些消极的消息后，他不断地感到忧虑，血压也逐渐上升了。故选C项。 6．What effect did the experience of catching the mouse have on the author? A．It increased his concern about his disease. B．It drew his mind off the unsolvable issues. C．It turned his normal life totally upside down. D．It warned him that our daily life is predictable. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可知，抓老鼠事件让作者暂时忘记了世界上的战乱和经济危机，即将作者的思绪从无法解决的大问题中抽离出来。故选B项。 7．What may the author advise us to do? A．Keep track of social concerns. B．Care about the elderly in need. C．Have regular medical check-ups. D．Focus on the solvable problems. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第五段中作者的感悟“生活中的小麻烦让我忙碌起来，能防止我担忧无法解决的大问题”以及最后一段中Mr Scold在少看消极的新闻以后血压回归正常可以推断，作者可能建议我们关注生活中可解决的事情。故选D项。 8．Which can be the best title for the text? A．The Gift of Little Daily Problems B．The Power of Working as a Family C．The Pursuit of Living a Fulfilling Life D．The Secret to Normal Blood Pressure 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是倒数第二段可知，文章讲述了“我”通过生活中的两件事情感悟到：关注身边可解决的小事能减少烦恼。所以，日常生活中的小问题其实是生活赠予我们的礼物。所以A项符合文章主旨。故选A项。 C In today’s motivational literature，failure is often viewed as something to be celebrated.Inspirational speakers are fond of quoting the words of the novelist Samuel Beckett—“Fail again.Fail better.” It seems that disappointments are an essential stepping stone to success，a turning point in our life story that will ultimately end in victory. However，psychological research finds most of us struggle to handle failure constructively.In other words，we fail to “fail forward”．We find ways to devalue the task at which we failed，and become less motivated to persevere and reach our goals.This phenomenon is known as the “sour-grape effect”，which was discovered by Professor Hallgeir Sjastad. Sjastad explains that “sour-grape effect” is a self-protective mechanism.“Most of us picture ourselves as competent people，so when external feedback(反馈) suggests otherwise，it poses a serious threat to that self-image，” he says.“The easiest way out is to deny or explain away the external signal，so we can reduce the inconsistency and preserve a positive sense of self.We do this even without noticing.” If you have one bad interview for your dream job，you might convince yourself that you don’t really want it at all，and stop applying for similar positions.The same goes if you fail to impress at a sports trial，or if a publisher rejects the first submission of your manuscript(手稿)．“We tend to explain away our shortcomings and convince ourselves our ‘Plan C’ is actually our ‘Plan A’，” Sjastad says. It doesn’t mean we should persevere in goals all the time.It can be healthy to change ambitions if the process is no longer making us happy.But the “sour-grape effect” may lead us to come to this decision prematurely，rather than hanging on a little and seeing whether we might learn and improve. Failures are unavoidable.By learning to face the disappointment instead of devaluing its importance and pretending nothing happened，you may find it easier to achieve your goals. 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了正确的失败观——相比于仅仅把失败当作一种幸运，更重要的是要有建设性地“失败”，勇敢面对失望，并从中学习到经验。 9．Why does the author mention the speech of inspirational speakers in paragraph 1? A．To offer an example to handle failure. B．To describe a shallow understanding of failure. C．To introduce a common attitude towards failure. D．To emphasize the importance of experiencing failure. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段前两句尤其是段首的“However”可知，第一段提出了一个看似励志实则肤浅的观点，以便后文提出作者自己的见解：仅仅把失败当作成功的基石是肤浅的，而要有建设性地“失败”，从中学习经验。故选B。 10．What can we learn from the paragraph 3 about the “sour-grape effect”？ A．It protects us from false feedback. B．It pictures us as competitive people. C．It poses a severe threat to self-image. D．It denies negative feedback to ourselves. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第三句可知，“酸葡萄效应”是一种自我保护机制，会否认外界对我们的负面反馈。故选D。 11．What does the underlined word “prematurely” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Unhappily. B．Mistakenly. C．Hurriedly. D．Carelessly. 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“rather than hanging on a little and seeing whether we might learn and improve”可推知，prematurely与“hanging on a little”相反，应是表示“提前地，过早地”。故选C。 12．Which statement would the author most probably agree with? A．Don’t escape when our self-image is broken. B．Don’t quit when goals no longer make you happy. C．Never hesitate to replace “Plan A” with “Plan C”． D．Never forget to maintain a positive sense of self. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者通过全文的讨论，呼吁大家树立正确的失败观，警惕“酸葡萄效应”，当自我形象因失败而被打破时，不要逃避，不要贬低失败的价值，而是要勇敢地面对，并从中学习和提升。故选A。 Ⅱ.七选五 When you’re facing adversity in life，remember the popular saying，“Whatever doesn’t kill you makes you stronger.” 1 If you’re still struggling with adversity，here are 3 tips that may help. The mindset 2 Unfortunately，sometimes you refused to use this positivity for strength.However，having a positive mindset remains one of the best ways of facing adversity.Although it’s hard to smile while you’re getting your heart ripped out，keep in mind that you have this secret weapon—a good mindset.It’s okay to feel sad or angry，but as long as you can feel those emotions and return to positive，you already have a head start on the others who are struggling. Learning Did you know that facing adversity is a chance to learn something new? Believe it or not，going through negative situations or dealing with mean people can teach you many things about life.For instance，you can learn to be patient when dealing with difficult individuals. 3 You can even learn how to find peace when you cannot control your situation. Talk yourself through Talking to yourself during adversity can work both ways. 4 This is where you make one of the most important decisions after facing adversity.Instead of saying bad things about yourself，try saying positive things instead.For instance，don’t say，“I can’t do this”，but instead，say，“I can make things right.” If you’re facing adversity，stay calm and take a moment to understand which way you should approach your problem. 5 A．It’s actually quite true. B．Your mindset matters a lot. C．If you can’t，seek advice beforehand. D．You’ve heard things about positivity all your life. E．It can lift you up or it can further bring you down. F．Then，with skills and wisdom，you can keep moving forward. G．You can learn to do things differently when projects fall through. 1．答案　C 解析　上文提出了面对逆境时应有的观念，结合下文“If you’re still struggling...”可知，空处应是提到了一种失败的情况及相应的建议。选项C“如果你做不到，请事先征求意见”符合语境。故选C。 2．答案　D 解析　根据下文“Unfortunately，sometimes you refused to use this positivity for strength.”可知，空处应提到了积极心态。选项D“你一生中一定听过关于积极心态的事情”和下文形成转折，符合语境。故选D。 3．答案　G 解析　根据上文“For instance，you can learn to be patient...”和下文“You can even learn how to...”可知，这里是在列举在失败中人们可以学会的东西。选项G“你可以学会在项目失败时用不同的方式做事”和上下文并列，符合语境。故选G。 4．答案　E 解析　根据上文“Talking to yourself during adversity can work both ways.”可知，接下来要介绍双向作用是什么。选项E“它可以让你提升，也可以进一步击垮你”和上文意思一致。故选E。 5．答案　F 解析　根据上文“If you’re facing adversity，stay calm and take a moment to understand which way you should approach your problem.”可知，这里是文章最后总结面对逆境的解决办法。选项F“然后，凭借技能和智慧，你可以持续进步”和上文意思一致。故选F。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$