Unit 1 Period 3 Starting out & Understanding ideas-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选择性必修第四册（外研版2019）

Period 3　Starting out & Understanding ideas—Language points 提示：题干中加底纹的词汇为本单元的词汇复现，帮助学生及时巩固，循环复习。 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．As far as I know，one of his greatest ambitions is to be admitted into a key university. 2．Guangxi has also been a landing point for foreign correspondents(记者) coming to cover the tragedy. 3．Ultimately(最终)，you have to make up your mind and make your own choices. 4．It is said that they have been good friends ever since their boyhood. 5．The jet planes flew over the sky and soon became little dots(小圆点) in the distance. 6．With her work finished, the woman correspondent rocked backwards and forwards on her chair with ease. Ⅱ.词形变化填空 1．My friend Jack is an ambitious man.One of his ambitions is to be a detective like Sherlock Holmes.(ambition) 2．According to the historian, numerous historical figures have come to visit the historic site.(history) 3．Not only the trainer but also all the trainees attached great significance to the safety training.(train) 4．The detectives are told that the plane is used for radar detection.(detective) 5. He works as a correspondent，who should well know that his speech should correspond with the facts or he will shoulder the corresponding responsibility.(correspond) Ⅲ.完成句子 1．I have good news to tell you that I have been chosen to be a volunteer in the coming National Games.(that引导的同位语从句) 我有个好消息要告诉你，我被选为即将到来的全运会的志愿者了。 2．As an old saying goes，“A friend in need is a friend indeed.”(as引导的非限制性定语从句) 正如一句俗语所言：“患难见真情。” 3．Weather permitting, the graduation ceremony will be held as scheduled.(独立主格) 如果天气允许，毕业典礼将如期进行。 4．I am confident that once you get involved in it，you will find yourself deeply attracted by it.(find＋宾语＋宾补) 我相信，一旦你参与其中，你会发现自己被它深深吸引。 5．Although the new correspondent lacks experience now，he is full of passion and energy. (although引导的让步状语从句) 尽管那个新记者现在缺乏经验，但他充满激情和活力。 ambition n．追求，理想(ambitious adj.有抱负的；有野心的) be full of ambition充满野心 achieve/realize one’s ambition实现某人的抱负 have an ambition to do sth有做某事的追求 (1)My brother is an ambitious(ambition) young lawyer full of enthusiasm and vitality. (2)A soldier who/that has no ambition/doesn’t have an ambition to become a general is not a good soldier. 一个没有雄心成为将军的士兵不是好士兵。 (3)Richard is a man full of ambition, whose boyhood ambition was to become a correspondent in the future. His fluency in English gave him an advantage over other trainee reporters. Ultimately， he achieved/realized his ambition.理查德是一个充满抱负的人，他童年时的志向是将来成为一名记者。他的英语流利使他比其他实习记者有优势。最终，他实现了自己的抱负。 correspondent n．通讯员，记者(correspond vi.符合，一致；通信；相当于corresponding adj.相应的；相关的 correspondence n．通信；信件；相似) •correspond to 相当于；与……相一致/相符 correspond with 与……通信；与……相一致 •in correspondence with 和……一致；与……有通信联系 (1)What the correspondent reported was not in correspondence with facts, for which he should take the corresponding law responsibility.(correspond) (2)The translation of the historical novel does not quite correspond to/with the original. (3)(应用文写作之建议信)只有当你言行一致时，你才能和其他人建立更好的关系。 ①You can make better relationships with others only when what you do corresponds with/to what you say. ②Only when what you do corresponds with/to what you say can you make better relationships with others.(倒装句) take action 采取行动 in action在活动；在运转 out of action失去作用；损坏 put...in/into action实行；实施；使……活动 (1)My washing machine has been out of action since last Monday. 我的洗衣机从上周一起就失灵了。 (2)The new plan for traffic control is being put in/into action on an experimental basis. 新的交通管理方案正在试验实施。 (3)(应用文写作之倡议书)After all，it is our joint efforts that make a difference to the environmental protection.So let’s take action right now. 毕竟，是我们共同的努力对环保起作用。所以让我们立即行动起来吧。 focus on/upon 集中(注意力、精力等)于(focus n．焦点；中心点 vt.集中；聚焦) •focus one’s attention/eyes/energy/effort on/upon...集中某人的注意力/目光/精力/努力于…… •the focus of...……的焦点 •近义词组：concentrate on，center on，pay attention to，be buried/employed in (1)With all his attention focused on/upon the case, the detective didn’t notice someone enter his room secretly. (2)Keep in mind that a good speaker should be always the focus of attention when delivering a speech. 请记住，一个优秀的演讲者在演讲时应该始终是人们关注的焦点。 (3)When learning English, most people tend to focus their attention on/upon vocabulary and grammar purely. 在学习英语时，大多数人倾向于将注意力纯粹集中在词汇和语法上。 “on/upon＋名词/动名词”结构 教材原句　On leaving high school，he joined a local Kansas newspaper as a trainee reporter. 高中毕业后，他进入堪萨斯当地的一家报社做实习记者。(P3) •本句为“on/upon＋名词/动名词”结构，意为“一……就……”，相当于as soon as引导的时间状语从句。 •“一……就……”的其他表达： as soon as＋从句 the moment/minute/instant＋从句 immediately/instantly/directly＋从句 no sooner...than... hardly/scarcely...when... (1)No sooner had he graduated from college than he devoted himself to the cause of education. (2)She felt a mixture of grief and comfort immediately(immediate) she saw it. (3)(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)一看到一只可怕的熊在咬我们的铁丝栅栏，我就屏住呼吸，一动不敢动。 ①The instant I saw a frightening bear biting our wire fence，I held my breath，not daring to make a movement.(the instant) ②On seeing a frightening bear biting our wire fence，I held my breath，not daring to make a movement.(on doing) ③Hardly had I seen a frightening bear biting our wire fence when I held my breath，not daring to make a movement.(hardly...when...) Ⅰ.一词多义 approach A.n.方法　B.n.通路　C.vi.接近　D.vt.与……接洽　E.vt.着手处理 1．With the exams approaching，the students are busy preparing for them. C 2．When Brown approached me about the job，my first reaction was in disbelief. D 3．We are discussing new approaches to studying a foreign language. A 4．The bank has approached the issue in a practical way. E 5．The path serves as an approach to the boathouse. B Ⅱ.熟词生义 1．They are only limited by their curiosity and ambition.野心，抱负 2．We will repair the camera for you free of charge，for it is still under guarantee.保修期 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Most trainees found it difficult to put(put) what they had learned into practice. 2．Ultimately(ultimate)，2,000 lanterns were sent up to the sky，symbolizing people’s best wishes. 3．The correspondent is writing a historical(history) report about eighteenth-century Spain. 4．One of the most effective ways to enlarge your vocabulary is to read(read) good books. 5．We have been longing to include(include) you in the public activities. 6．The grassland is just like a blanket dotted(dot) with numerous small and colorful flowers. 7．The two detectives decided to leave at dawn，for they had many miles to cover. 8．So，from now on，let’s avoid wasting water and take action to save(save) water. 9．It is generally accepted that success is not necessarily(necessary) relevant to inborn intelligence. 10．Knowing that his contribution was turned down, the disappointed correspondent sighed in desperation(desperate)． Ⅱ.选词填空 1．It turned out that this was a mixture of sugar and vinegar instead of poison. 2．With the noise going on outside，only a minority of the students can focus on study. 3．What attracted me was that the novel was based on a historical occasion in the Ming Dynasty. 4．Studying hard isn’t always fun，but I’ll be prepared for university whatever else comes in the future. 5．When you look at their new system, ours seems very old-fashioned by contrast. Ⅲ.单句写作(应用文写作——谈梦想) 1．我从小就有成为一名英语教师的抱负。(ambition of doing sth) Since I was a child，I have had an ambition of becoming an English teacher. 2．一进入高中，我就为了实现我的梦想而努力学习。(on doing) On entering high school，I have been working hard to make my dream come true. 3．尽管有时我会面临困难，但在任何情况下我都不会放弃。(though引导让步状语从句) Though sometimes I am in the face of difficulties, in no circumstances will I give it up. 4．我坚信，一旦我们采取行动并坚持下去，我们最终会成功。(that引导同位语从句) I hold the firm belief that once we take action and stick to it，we will succeed in the end. 5．怀着梦想，我坚信自己最终会成为一名合格的教师。(独立主格结构) Dreams in mind, I am convinced that I will ultimately be a qualified teacher. Ⅳ.阅读理解 There seems to be a lot of talk these days about what is fair，and what is not.Most people tend to believe life should be fair.Some of the 99% seem to believe life has somehow treated them unfairly，and some of the 1% feel life hasn’t treated them fairly enough.My questions are these：What is fairness？Is life fair？Should life be fair? We clearly have no choice about how we come into this world.We have little choice early in life.But as we grow older，choices abound.I have long believed that while we have no control over the beginning of our life，the majority of us have the ability to influence the outcomes we attain.Fairness is a state of mind，and most often，an unhealthy state of mind.Our state in life cannot，or at least should not，be blamed on our parents，our teachers，or our society—it’s largely based on the choices we make，and the attitudes we adopt. Life is full of examples of the uneducated，the mentally and physically challenged people born into war-torn areas，who could have complained about life being unfair，but who instead chose a different path.Regardless of the challenges they faced，they had the character to choose contribution over complaint. I agree that challenges exist.I agree that many have an uphill battle due to the severity of the challenges they face.What I disagree with is the attempt to use fairness to solve all problems in the world.Rules and orders don’t create fairness，but people’s desire and determination can work around most life challenges. It doesn’t matter whether you are born with a silver spoon，plastic spoon，or no spoon at all.A friend of mine came to this country from Africa in his late teens，barely spoke the language，drove a cab while working his way through college，and is now the president of a technology services firm.Stories such as this are all around us—they are not miracles，nor are they the rare exception.They do，however，demonstrate blindness to the mindset of the fairness. 语篇解读　这是一篇议论文。作者讨论了公平问题，阐述了人生没有绝对的公平，但要勇敢面对不公平，并努力进取的道理。 1．What does the underlined word “abound” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Change fully. B．Remain the same. C．Exist in numbers. D．Disappear completely. 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。画线词所在句前文“We have little choice early in life.”说明人生的初期几乎没有选择，相对而言，人生的后期就有了选择，从而推知画线词汇应为“有了(选择)，有更多(的选择)”的意思，选项C“大量存在”与之意义最为接近。故选C项。 2．What opinion does the writer agree with? A．Most of us can influence the results we achieve. B．Our background determines our choices. C．People’s desire and determination create unfairness. D．We should depend on fairness to solve all problems. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“I have long believed that while we have no control over the beginning of our life，the majority of us have the ability to influence the outcomes we attain.”可知，作者认为我们大多数人都能影响我们所取得的结果。故选A项。 3．What is the primary purpose of the text? A．To promote efforts over complaint. B．To stress the importance of fairness. C．To share an inspiring story of a friend. D．To prove that fairness is a state of mind. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据第三段中“Regardless of the challenges they faced，they had the character to choose contribution over complaint.”可知，文章的主要目的是要告诉人们要努力进取而不是抱怨。故选A项。 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Fairness Is Justice B．Life Is Not Fair—Deal With It C．Fairness Comes First D．Fairness Creates Chances 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段中“It doesn’t matter whether you are born with a silver spoon，plastic spoon，or no spoon at all.”以及“Stories such as this are all around us—they are not miracles，nor are they the rare exception.They do，however，demonstrate blindness to the mindset of the fairness.”等内容可知，本文用身边的事例阐述了人生中没有绝对的公平，但我们要勇敢应对不公平的道理。选项B符合文章主题，故选B项。 Ⅴ.完形填空 In life，do you choose to take the road everyone has taken or choose the path that is best for you? It might be 1 to choose what everyone has done，especially if it seemed to work for them.But is that what truly 2 for you? On a recent hiking 3 ，my partner and I decided to take a popular trail in the 4 direction.This was an old，well-traveled trail that people had been hiking and biking from A to Z for years.For our own reasons，we chose to travel from Z to A．Going backwards made more sense with my 5 .The trip would take several days and going backwards 6 that I would end the trip closer to the airport for my flight home. As my partner and I walked，everyone crossing our path had something to say，“You’re going the wrong way.Are you returning 7 you forgot something？”The path occasionally crossed a 8 .When it did，even passing cars beeped to 9 us in the “right” direction. Why did people only see one way? Because that’s how it’s always been done? We even 10 to talk to a Danish woman who said，“We have a 11 in my country: when you go backwards to everyone else，it’s because you’re avoiding something.” I couldn’t believe it.We were just enjoying connecting with nature，hiking the way that best 12 us. I decided to 13 the path I chose. 14 ，we had an amazing experience.When your inner 15 tells you something is right (or wrong)，listen to it.It’s speaking to you for a reason and it knows what’s best for you. 语篇解读　这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者和伙伴在最近的一次徒步旅行中，选择了相反的方向。结果，他们有了一次奇妙的经历。 1．A.anxious B．normal C．awkward D．impressive 答案　B 解析　根据后文“to choose what everyone has done”可知，选择每个人都做过的事情可能是正常的。故选B。 2．A.designs B．plans C．works D．prepares 答案　C 解析　根据上文“it seemed to work for them”可知此处指选择每个人都做过的事情是否对自己起作用。故选C。 3．A.race B．test C．project D．trip 答案　D 解析　呼应后文“The trip would take several days”指徒步旅行。故选D。 4．A.opposite B．wrong C．common D．accessible 答案　A 解析　opposite相反的；accessible可到达的。根据后文“This was an old，well-traveled trail that people had been hiking and biking from A to Z for years.For our own reasons，we chose to travel from Z to A．”可知，作者他们选择了相反的路线。故选A。 5．A.emotion B．target C．schedule D．request 答案　C 解析　根据后文“I would end the trip closer to the airport for my flight home”可知倒着走会在离机场更近的地方结束旅行，所以是对日程安排有意义。故选C。 6．A.supposed B．ensured C．provided D．permitted 答案　B 解析　根据后文“that I would end the trip closer to the airport for my flight home”可知倒着走可以确保作者在离机场更近的地方结束旅程，以便搭飞机回家。故选B。 7．A.if B．because C．while D．yet 答案　B 解析　根据语境可知，路过的人们问作者和伙伴是不是因为忘了东西而返回的，此处表示“因为”应用because。故选B。 8．A.plain B．valley C．trail D．highway 答案　D 解析　plain平原；valley山谷；trail小径，足迹；highway公路。根据后文“even passing cars”可知，这条小路偶尔与公路相交。故选D。 9．A.point B．inspire C．protect D．support 答案　A 解析　根据后文“us in the ‘right’ direction”可知，汽车鸣笛是为了指出正确的方向。故选A。 10．A.expected B．stopped C．agreed D．hesitated 答案　B 解析　根据后文“to talk to a Danish woman”可知，作者当时在徒步旅行中，所以是停下来和一位丹麦妇女交谈。故选B。 11．A.saying B．point C．myth D．spell 答案　A 解析　spell咒语。根据后文“when you go backwards to everyone else，it’s because you’re avoiding something”可知，此处指丹麦妇女说她们国家有一句格言。故选A。 12．A.instructed B．confused C．offered D．suited 答案　D 解析　根据上文第二段最后一句和“We were just enjoying connecting with nature，hiking the way that best”可知，作者认为他们走的是最适合他们的路线。故选D。 13．A.show off B．think over C．pick out D．stick to 答案　D 解析　根据后文“When your inner...listen to it...”可知，作者决定坚持选择的道路。故选D。 14．A.Probably B．Hopefully C．Eventually D．Knowingly 答案　C 解析　knowingly故意地。根据后文“we had an amazing experience”可知，此处作者在总结这次徒步旅行，他们最终有了一次奇妙的经历。故选C。 15．A.desire B．feeling C．voice D．reaction 答案　C 解析　根据后文“tells you something is right (or wrong)，listen to it”可知，此处指人内心的声音，应用voice。故选C。 Ⅵ.语法填空 Several years ago，Ye Ping，a woman from an ethnic group in Yunnan Province，started to grow coffee together with other women in her village.Despite the various difficulties，the women did not give up,1. faced the challenges head-on.In May 2021，the coffee beans grown by Ye 2. (present) as a gift to representatives of members of the UN Security Council. Before they started growing coffee，none of Ye and her fellow villagers had known what coffee was like,3. (cause) some of them to be uncertain about the business prospects.Some villagers expressed their concerns.They asked 4. they could do if they ended up failing 5. (sell) the coffee beans. But Ye was an 6. (ambition) woman and told herself that one day she would succeed in growing coffee.She sowed the seeds and took good care of them.She worked hard to improve her planting skills and,7. (surprising), she really made it in the end.In 2018，the coffee Ye had grown won the first prize in a coffee 8. (compete). Through years of efforts，Ye has explored methods to produce coffee 9. high quality，selling it at a higher price than 10. (import) coffee.Ye said, “Life is a bit like coffee.At first you may find it bitter-tasting，but then you’ll find sweetness in it.” 语篇解读　本文为一篇记叙文。文章介绍了云南省一个少数民族的妇女叶萍和村里的其他妇女一起克服种种困难，成功培育出优质咖啡豆的故事。 1．答案　but 解析　考查固定搭配。固定搭配not...but...，意为“不是……而是……”，故填but。 2．答案　were presented 解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处为句子的谓语动词，动作发生在2021年，谓语动词用一般过去时，主语the coffee beans与present为动宾关系，应用被动语态，且主语为复数，故填were presented。 3．答案　causing 解析　考查非谓语动词。句子的谓语为had known，设空处应用现在分词，作结果状语。故填causing。 4．答案　what 解析　考查名词性从句的引导词。asked后接宾语从句，设空处应由what引导宾语从句，what在从句中作do的宾语。故填what。 5．答案　to sell 解析　考查非谓语动词。此处考查动词短语fail to do，意为“未能做成”，设空处应用动词不定式作fail的宾语。故填to sell。 6．答案　ambitious 解析　考查形容词。设空处在an与woman之间，应用形容词形式，ambitious意为“有雄心的”，作woman的前置定语。故填ambitious。 7．答案　surprisingly 解析　考查副词。修饰句子用副词，作状语。故填surprisingly。 8．答案　competition 解析　考查名词。设空处在a后，应用单数名词，compete的名词形式为competition，意为“比赛”，作in的宾语。故填competition。 9．答案　of 解析　考查介词。此处考查介词短语of high quality，意为“高质量的”，作名词coffee的后置定语，设空处应用介词of。故填of。 10．答案　imported 解析　考查形容词。设空处修饰名词coffee应用形容词，import的形容词形式为imported，意为“进口的”。故填imported。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$