Unit 1 Period 2 Understanding ideas-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选择性必修第四册（外研版2019）

Stephen Hawking was born on 8 January, 1942, in Oxford.He went to the University of Oxford to study physics in 1959. At the age of 21, when Hawking spent his first year at the University of Cambridge, physicians discovered he had a rare, slow­progressing form of ALS. He was only expected to live for a few years. Hawking later found a job at the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge. In the early stages of his career, his illness got worse, but he was allowed to do research only rather than teach, which was easier for him.In 1985, he had to have an operation. As a result, he lost his speech. Soon his doctors developed a piece of speech­generating equipment that allowed him to speak. However, as his illness became worse, he lost the use of his hands. Although Hawking’s physical abilities declined1 over decades, he never ceased2 his studies and he developed a number of new ideas about black holes. Hawking also wrote books. His 1988 book, A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes, sold one copy for every 750 people on Earth. However, many people could not really understand what he had written.Therefore, Hawking decided to write a simpler version3, A Briefer History of Time (2005)． In The Grand4 Design (2010, with Leonard Mlodinow), Hawking argued that we should look for a different way to discover the deepest secrets of the universe. Instead of trying to find one big new explanation, scientists should put together all the ideas that they already have. At the opening of the London 2012 Olympics, Hawking said to a TV audience of 900 million people：“Look up at the stars and not down at your feet...be curious.” In spite of his disease, Hawking didn’t consider himself an unlucky man. He said it had not prevented him from having a family, and being successful in his work. “My expectations were reduced to zero when I was 21. Everything since then has been a bonus5.” And he believed this was because of the help he received from his family and a large number of people and organisations.(节选自北师大版选择性必修第四册 Unit 12) 词汇积累 1．decline /dɪ'klaɪn/ vi.减少，降低 2．cease /siːs/ v．(使)停止，终止，结束 3．version /'vɜːʃn/ n. 版本，改写本 4．grand /ɡrænd/adj.宏伟的，壮丽的，隆重的 5．bonus /'bəʊnəs/ n．意外收获，额外的好处；奖金；红利 Period 2　Understanding ideas—Reading comprehension Ⅰ.匹配单词 1．ambition　　　 A．in the end；finally 2．historical B．towards a place or position that is behind；in the opposite direction to the usual one 3．ultimately C．a strong wish to be successful，powerful，rich，etc. 4．backwards D．a person employed by a newspaper，a television station，etc.to report on a particular subject or send reports from a foreign country 5．correspondent E．a person, especially a police officer, whose job is to examine crimes and catch criminals 6．detective F．connected with the past or the study of history 答案　1.C　2.F　3.A　4.B　5.D　6.E Ⅱ.选词填空 1．He，a well-known detective，likes everything to be in place before he starts work. 2．We are in the face of difficulties，but we still have faith in victory，because the trainees in our company are excellent. 3．By contrast，Vivian is more thoughtful and qualified for the position. 4．We need to understand what is happening to our planet so that we can take action. 5．We were touched by his bravery to overcome the misfortune that came his way. Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What’s the passage mainly about? A．Different jobs people might do in the future. B．Stories about different people’s future. C．Various possibilities for future development. D．Fixed future for everyone. 答案　C Ⅱ.悉层次结构 Skim the passage and match the main idea with each paragraph. Para.1 A．Everyone has their way to success. Para.2 B．Doyle was disappointed with the success of his Holmes stories. Para.3 C．Doyle’s main writing ambition. Para.4 D．Hemingway achieved his ambition to become a writer. Para.5 E．Having plans in place for the future is no guarantee that they will become reality. Para.6 F．What we are most concerned about in life. 答案　Para.1 F　Para.2 E　Para.3 D　Para.4 C　Para.5 B　Para.6 A Step 2　细读——逐段获取细节 Ⅰ.Read Para.1 carefully and do the following exercise. Why does the author ask any questions in the first paragraph? A．To introduce the topic. B．To seek a certain answer. C．To turn to readers for help. D．To entertain readers. 答案　A Ⅱ.Read Paras.2 and 3 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．What can we learn from the second paragraph? A．As long as we have plans，we must have a great future. B．Even if we have plans，there’s no guarantee of our future. C．Our future is determined by luck. D．All successful writers have the same ambition. 答案　B 2．Which is the right order of Hemingway’s events? a．He joined a local Kansas newspaper. b．He graduated from high school. c．He won the Nobel Prize in Literature. d．He was determined to be a writer. A．a－b－c－d. B．c－a－d－b. C．d－a－b－c. D．d－b－a－c. 答案　D 3．What were Hemingway’s novels and stories based on? A．His own experiences. B．Others’ experiences. C．Material from books. D．News from newspapers. 答案　A Ⅲ.Read Paras.4 and 5 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．Which of the following is TRUE about Arthur Conan Doyle? A．He was best known for his historical novels. B．He was born in Scotland in 1895. C．He began to write his detective novels when he worked as a doctor. D．He had an ambition to become a writer of detective novels. 答案　C 2．Why did Doyle kill off his famous detective in his novel? A．To bring in a new character. B．To satisfy the readers. C．To focus on his historical novels. D．To make more money. 答案　C 3．What can we learn from the story of Doyle? A．Practice makes perfect. B．Rome was not built in a day. C．Where there is a will，there is a way. D．The future may not turn out exactly as we planned. 答案　D Ⅳ.Read Para.6 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．What rhetorical device(修辞手法) does the author use in the second sentence in the last paragraph? A．Personification(拟人)． B．Metaphor(隐喻)． C．Hyperbole(夸张)． D．Parallelism(排比)． 答案　B 2．What’s your understanding of Steve Jobs’s words? 答案　What we went through in the past can be connected with our future. Ⅴ.Read the whole passage again and do the following exercises. 1．What type of text is this passage? A．Narration. B．Exposition. C．Argumentation. D．A news report. 答案　B 2．What’s the purpose of the passage? A．To prove that future doesn’t necessarily turn out as planned. B．To call on readers to read their books. C．To compare the differences between the two authors. D．To tell readers to prepare for future whatever happens. 答案　D Step 3　读后——讨论深度理解 1．What can you learn about facing the future from the two authors? (Critical thinking) 2．What will you do to prepare yourself for the future? (Creative thinking) Step 4　总结——课文语法填空 As is known to all，what we have planned does not necessarily agree with 1.what we will become.Let’s take two famous authors Ernest Hemingway and Arthur Conan Doyle for example.Although they shared 2.the same ambitious and energetic approach to life，their careers unfolded in contrasting 3.ways(way)． Born in 1899，Ernest Hemingway had the ambition 4.to write(write) from early boyhood.On leaving high school，he first worked as a trainee reporter in a local newspaper，and then became a foreign correspondent.He wrote many novels and short stories 5.based(base) on his personal experiences，among 6.which The Old Man and the Sea won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1953. Born in Scotland in 1859，Arthur Conan Doyle had 7.originally(original) worked as a doctor.But his main ambition was to become a writer of 8.historical(history) novels.Although some of his historical novels were published，their success was nothing compared to the stories of his fictional detective，Sherlock Holmes，which he is still 9.best (well) known for to this day. Both of them were ultimately successful，but their paths to 10.success(succeed) were very different，their futures not necessarily turning out exactly as they planned. Step 5　解读——长句难句分析 1．As many of us already know，having plans in place for the future is no guarantee that they will become reality. [句式分析]　此句是复合句。句中as引导定语从句，修饰整个主句；having plans in place for the future是动名词短语作主语；that引导同位语从句，对名词guarantee的内容进行解释说明。 [自主翻译]　正如我们许多人都知道的那样，对未来有计划并不能保证它们都会成为现实。 2．Although some of his historical novels were published，their success was nothing compared to the stories of his fictional detective，Sherlock Holmes，which he is still best known for to this day. [句式分析]　此句是复合句。句中Although引导让步状语从句；compared to the stories of his fictional detective是过去分词短语作状语；Sherlock Holmes作his fictional detective的同位语；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the stories of his...Sherlock Holmes。 [自主翻译]　虽然他出版过一些历史小说，但与他虚构出来的侦探夏洛克·福尔摩斯的故事相比，所取得的成功不可同日而语。直到现在，道尔最广为人知的作品仍是夏洛克·福尔摩斯的故事。 3．Though both of these men were ultimately successful，their paths to success were very different，their futures not necessarily turning out exactly as they planned. [句式分析]　此句是复合句。句中Though引导让步状语从句；their futures not necessarily turning out exactly as they planned是独立主格结构，其中as引导方式状语从句。 [自主翻译]　虽然这两位作家最终都获得了成功，但他们的成功之路却截然不同，他们的未来也不一定完全如他们当初所计划的那样。 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A For high school students，just thinking about your career probably isn’t enough.You have to actively do some research and plan.Here are some of the best careers for the future and how you can get your foot in the door. Registered Nurses To become registered nurses，you’re going to need either an associate degree in nursing，a Bachelor of Science in nursing，or another officially approved diploma(文凭) from a nursing program.If you want to be a practicing physician，you’ll need a medical degree in your chosen field on top of your four-year degree. Data Analysts Big data is a growing field with profitable opportunities for college graduates.You are required to have a master’s degree in computer science or another related field.Data science is a traditionally male-dominated industry and only 26 percent are held by women.Thankfully，it is holding out an olive branch to females and there are some terrific programs specially designed for them to break into this dynamic field. Plumbers(管道工) and Electricians Not all of the best careers for the future will require a four-year undergraduate degree.There’s a serious demand for skilled positions jobs like plumbers and technicians.Many of these positions require a high school degree and often an associate degree in a related field，but don’t necessarily require graduation from a four-year university. Cybersecurity(网络安全) Experts The average salaries for cybersecurity experts can start at $80,000 for IT Security Consultants and can reach six figures for other positions such as a security director.The best way to start your path in cybersecurity is with a bachelor’s degree in computer science，information technology，engineering，or other related fields. 1．In which job will the gender distribution probably be more balanced? A．Data Analysts. B．Registered Nurses. C．Cybersecurity Experts. D．Plumbers and Electricians. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段的“Data science is a traditionally male-dominated industry and only 26 percent are held by women.Thankfully，it is holding out an olive branch to females and there are some terrific programs specially designed for them to break into this dynamic field.”可知，数据分析师这个行业的男女性别比例会更均衡一些。故选A。 2．To be a cybersecurity expert，which is the basic requirement? A．A master’s degree in computer science. B．A certificate of high school graduation. C．A bachelor’s degree in information technology. D．A diploma officially approved from a medical program. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句可知，从事网络安全员的工作，需要专业是计算机科学、信息技术、工程学或相关领域的本科学历毕业生。故选C。 3．Where is the text probably taken from? A．A health lecture. B．A school website. C．A job advertisement. D．A science magazine. 答案　B 解析　文章出处题。根据第一段“For high school students...how you can get your foot in the door.”可知，下文内容是讲给高中生的，目的是让高中生提前进行职业规划。所以推测此篇文章可能选自学校网站内容。故选B。 B I walked along the sidewalk that borders the west side of Central Park this morning，wondering at its shape：Hexagonal(六边形的) paving stones underneath my feet were bordered by brickwork，with a tidy stone wall running alongside.Just past the wall lay the park itself，where delicate branches of leafless trees reached to the blue sky，and sparrows emerged from trees. The contrast between the straight-lined，orderly，man-made sidewalk and the complex diversity of nature just beyond its border made me think about the differences between natural creation and man’s creation. The world holds many examples of circles: the moon，grapes，drops of water and the center of flowers.Triangles(三角形) are readily evident，too.There are kitty cat noses and ears，mountain peaks and river deltas. But what about the most common shape in the man-made world，the rectangle(矩形)? I searched my brain for natural equals.Though I thought and thought，I came up with only two: teeth and salt crystals.That surprised me.Do we prefer rectangles simply because it’s easier to plan and build with blocks and straight lines? Or does it have something to do with the idea that humans tend to assume life is supposed to be linear? I don’t know. There are bent lines everywhere.As I look at the beauty of a tree in winter，with its branches reaching skyward in a seemingly untidy but obviously planned pattern，I can apprehend something of what that means. Our world isn’t always tidy and predictable in the way that I want it to be.There are twists and turns in my life that I can’t foresee or predict.That doesn’t mean branching off in unexpected directions is bad or wrong.It means that when I find myself in each new place，I need to continue growing and reaching upward. 语篇解读　这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了作者在公园散步时，通过对于自然形状和人造的形状的对比引发了关于世界的思考，从而得出结论：尽管生活是无法预测的，我们仍要不断成长和向上。 4．How did the author feel about the sidewalk’s shape? A．Disappointed. B．Surprised. C．Worried. D．Pleased. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“I walked along the sidewalk that borders the west side of Central Park this morning，wondering at its shape：Hexagonal(六边形的) paving stones underneath my feet were bordered by brickwork，with a tidy stone wall running alongside.”可知，作者在散步时看见铺路石的形状很惊讶。故选B项。 5．What is the author’s attitude to the various shapes mentioned in the text? A．Negative. B．Cautious. C．Unconcerned. D．Objective. 答案　D 解析　观点态度题。根据第二段“The contrast between the straight-lined，orderly，man-made sidewalk and the complex diversity of nature just beyond its border made me think about the differences between natural creation and man’s creation.”可知，形状客观存在于自然界和人造物体中，推断出作者寻找形状差异时思考的态度也是客观的。故选D项。 6．Which can explain the underlined word “apprehend” in paragraph 5? A．Create. B．Imagine. C．Understand. D．Arrange. 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据第六段“Our world isn’t always tidy and predictable in the way that I want it to be...It means that when I find myself in each new place，I need to continue growing and reaching upward.”可知，这是作者对上一段“曲线普遍存在”客观现象进行思考而得出的人生感悟，从而推断出作者理解了这一现象背后的意义，可推测apprehend意为“理解”，和understand同义。故选C项。 7．What may the author agree with? A．People should live in a complex world. B．Triangles are the most common in nature. C．Natural creation and man’s creation should be balanced. D．We should move forward in the face of uncertainties. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第六段的“That doesn’t mean branching off in unexpected directions is bad or wrong.It means that when I find myself in each new place，I need to continue growing and reaching upward.”可知，不管未来的发展方向是对是错，作者只关注自我成长和前进，推断出作者赞同的观点就是面对未知时，我们应该不断前进。故选D项。 C Arthur Conan Doyle is an icon of British literature，world renowned for his crime fiction creation，“Sherlock Holmes”．His ability to create exciting stories filled with mystery still resonates with readers today，and modern reincarnations(再生) in both film and television mean Holmes is as popular as ever.So where did Doyle find the inspirations behind its conception? The topics，characters and events that unfold within Doyle’s creations may seem far removed from you or I，but for Arthur，they were much closer to home.The main inspiration for Holmes was Arthur’s professor at Edinburgh Medical School，Dr.Joseph Bell.The doctor，armed with fantastic scientific knowledge and remarkable abilities in observation and deduction(演绎)，would know someone’s occupation and habits from the tiniest details.Additionally，working with murder investigations，illnesses and dead bodies through his studies，Doyle became very knowledgeable about this area. Since school，Doyle’s talent as a writer was clear as fellow pupils paid him in sweets just to continue his stories，so you would have to assume that the success of Sherlock on the national stage brought Doyle great happiness，right? Well，not quite.Few people know that it didn’t take long for Doyle to get frustrated with the character.While he ranked his work highly，he actually felt that his career had “gone off the rails” and wrote to his mother saying，“I must save my mind for better things.” Doyle saw Sherlock as an unwelcome distraction from more serious work，which is why he killed him off in The Final Problem. But，as with any Holmes tale，there is a twist! Fans were extremely angry and canceled their subscriptions for The Strand Magazine in record numbers.The continuous pressure from fans and publishers finally led Doyle to publish a new story，The Hound of Baskervilles，in 1901.This，however，was set before the death of Sherlock so the complete resurrection(复活) happened in 1903，with The Adventure of the Empty House，in which it is revealed that only Moriarty fell and Holmes faked his death. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了作家柯南·道尔创作他的《福尔摩斯》系列作品的灵感来源和过程。 8．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The success of Sherlock Holmes made Doyle instantly famous. B．The invention of film and television has helped to promote Sherlock Holmes. C．Doyle found inspiration mainly from Dr.Joseph Bell and his teacher in school. D．Doyle’s writing capabilities were long recognized by his peers. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Since school，Doyle’s talent as a writer was clear as fellow pupils paid him in sweets just to continue his stories”可知，道尔的同学们都认可他出众的写作天赋，会给他糖果让他继续创作。故选D项。 9．Why did Doyle feel frustrated with Sherlock Holmes? A．The character was not as keen as Dr.Joseph Bell. B．He couldn’t make much money from the book. C．The book kept him from writing serious literature. D．He was attacked by the fans of the book. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中“Doyle saw Sherlock as an unwelcome distraction from more serious work，which is why he killed him off in The Final Problem.”可知，道尔之所以对夏洛克·福尔摩斯感到失望，是因为这个角色的受欢迎让他无法创作严肃的文学作品。故选C项。 10．What can you infer from the passage? A．Doyle didn’t show talent for writing until he met Dr.Joseph Bell. B．The success of Sherlock Holmes was bitter-sweet to Doyle. C．Many movies are adapted from the story of Sherlock Holmes. D．Doyle was involved in murder investigations in order to write Sherlock Holmes. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“...so you would have to assume that the success of Sherlock on the national stage brought Doyle great happiness，right？”和第四段中“Well，not quite.Few people know...‘I must save my mind for better things.’”可知，《夏洛克·福尔摩斯》的巨大成功带给道尔的并不完全都是幸福，虽然他对自己的工作评价很高，但他也意识到这让他无法创作严肃文学，因此感到沮丧。因此，夏洛克·福尔摩斯的成功对于道尔而言是悲喜交加的。故选B项。 11．Where does this passage most probably come from? A．A booklet of Doyle museum. B．A website for fans of Holmes. C．A literary magazine. D．An academic report. 答案　C 解析　文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章在介绍作家的同时，涉及了作品的相关趣事，相对来说比较客观，但并没有那么专业和深奥，所以应该出自一本文学杂志，而非道尔博物馆的小册子、福尔摩斯迷的网站、学术报告。故选C项。 Ⅱ.七选五 You will be leaving this school at the end of this year and the unavoidable question many people will ask you is，“So，what do you want to be？” Some of you may have already decided on a career path. 1 Here are some things you might want to consider. First，does the career you are considering have staying power? Will it be in demand in 20 years? Rapid technological change is disruptive. 2 While many occupations are being taken over by new technology，jobs that require high-level of critical thinking，emotional intelligence and human interaction，remain in high demand.These jobs are more adaptable and not easily replaced by machines or technology. Second，choose a career that interests you.Some people might think this is unimportant，but if you are truly passionate about your job then going to work every day won’t seem a chore.It’s also likely that you will stay and grow in this career.Before making a choice，you should examine your values，skills and personality type. 3 Third，of course you will want to consider your chosen profession’s earning power! Although high pay plays a part，you should know that a job with a big salary will likely require more time to get to the top，much more effort and a higher level of stress. 4 If you have interests outside of work，or are struggling with other demands in your life，you might want to choose a less taxing line of work. 5 Let me leave you with an old saying: “Choose a job you love，and you will never have to work a day in your life.” A．But many of you still don’t have a clue! B．We need to be forward-looking at our future prospects. C．Trying different work can help you find out your favorite job. D．This can help you decide if a career path is a good fit for you. E．Only the truly motivated will likely be able to meet these challenges. F．People’s wages are lower in industries with slow technological change. G．Thinking about a life-long career at this stage in your life is surely challenging. 1．答案　A 解析　根据空前的“Some of you may have already decided on a career path.”以及后文的“Here are some things you might want to consider.”可知，设空处应该承接前文内容——有些人已经确定了自己的职业道路，但是有些人仍不知所措。故后文针对这个情况提出了几个需要考虑的事情。A选项“But many of you still don’t have a clue！”符合语境。故选A。 2．答案　B 解析　根据上文可知，此处提出技术变革会改变职业，要考虑未来可能的变化，A项“We need to be forward-looking at our future prospects.”承接上文，提出要展望职业前景，句中“future prospects”与上文的“in 20 years”相照应。上下文语意连贯。故选B。 3．答案　D 解析　根据上文“Before making a choice，you should examine your values，skills and personality type.”可知，此处提出选择职业前要进行自我评估。D项“This can help you decide if a career path is a good fit for you.”承接上文，说明这样做的作用，句中“This”指代上文中“examine your values，skills and personality type”。上下文语意连贯。故选D。 4．答案　E 解析　根据上文可知，此处提出与高薪相伴的是更多的付出与挑战。E项“Only the truly motivated will likely be able to meet these challenges.”承接上文，说明什么样的人才能面对这些挑战，句中“these challenges”与上文“require more time to get to the top，much more effort and a higher level of stress”相照应。故选E。 5．答案　G 解析　设空句是末段首句，是对全文的总结。G项“Thinking about a life-long career at this stage in your life is surely challenging.”提出对于即将毕业的学生来说，考虑一生的事业是具有挑战性的事情，下文“Let me leave you with an old saying: ‘Choose a job you love，and you will never have to work a day in your life.’”用一句谚语给出解答，从而实现对全文的总结。故选G。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$