专题12 完形填空题 -2025年中考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（上海专用）

专题12 完形填空题 目录 题型综述 1 解题攻略 3 五大方法速判句内层次题 3 四种方法智取句组层次题 5 三种方法突破语篇层次题 8 中考练场 10 【题型解读】 完形填空不仅考查学生对所学词汇、语法等基础知识的综合运用能力，而且考查学生的阅读能力；不仅考查学生的知识背景，而且考查学生的逻辑推理和篇章结构理解等综合能力。它的命题原则是“以实词为主，虚词为辅，突出词汇语境化”。 由于学生缺乏对完形填空题型的正确了解以及平时的训练方法不当，导致做题时得分率低。本专题目的在于归纳一些高频考题及梳理一些解题技巧，以帮助同学们高效复习。 【命题规律】 1.句内层次题：解题信息分布在本句内部，瞻前顾后，左顾右盼，边读边填。 2.句组层次题：解题信息分布在设空处前后的一组句子中，瞻前顾后寻找暗示。 3.语篇层次题：解题信息分布在语篇的某一处甚至全篇，需要综合推断。 【解题技巧】 1. 解题步骤 1. 跳过空格，通读全文，把握大意。 2. 结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案。 3. 瞻前顾后，先易后难，各个击破。 4. 复读全文，逐空验证，弥补疏漏。 2. 解题方法 记叙文 1. 了解记叙文的六要素。 记叙文，无论是记人还是叙事，都会交代清楚时间、地点、人物、事件、经过和结果，即记叙文的＂六要素＂。弄清了这六个要素，基本上就理解了整篇文章。 2. 明确作者的写作目的。 就事论事一般来说不是作者记叙的目的，作者往往通过叙述阐明一个道理。作者总是为了某个目的，在情节选择和细节描写上作出合理的安排。读者明晰了写作目的，就能抓住文章的主题。 3. 读懂作者的观点或态度。 解题时要认真分析全文，看作者是否一直采用某种态度叙事或描述人。为了增加试题难度，命题人往往采用变化的形式，考生只有在语境的指导下，对文章进行准确地逻辑推断，才能推测出文字之下的深层信息。 4. 弄清作者叙述的视角。 弄清文章是以第几人称的视角展开记叙的。通常英语记叙文展开记叙的视角有两个：第一人称和第三人称。用第一人称就是从＂参与者＂的角度进行记叙，读者可从字里行间感受到作者的态度和感情。用第三人称就是以＂观察者＂的身份展开叙述，作者的语气客观，与读者保持一定距离，读者的注意力更多地集中在故事本身上。了解作者的写作角度有助于我们抓住作者的思维，深入理解文章的意义，把握好语境。 说明文 1. 快速弄清文章大意。 对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。 2. 弄清楚说明的顺序。 把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。 3. 把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节。 把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，我们还要特别注意，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。 4. 注重上下文语境 应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服＂思维定势＂，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。 5. 熟练做题方法，遵循四个原则： （1）上下一致。每个选择项必须从全文出发，从大处着手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，造成误选。 （2）语法正确。从语法的角度去考虑动词的时态、语态以及词类用法。 （3）逻辑合理。在完形填空题中，逻辑推理非常重要，有时每个选择项从语法上讲都正确，但是有的是不合语境逻辑的。 （4）符合搭配。英语中固定搭配很多，需要熟练掌握，才能做好此类题目。 【考点诠释】 · 五大方法速判句内层次题 解题信息分布在本句内，在读懂文章的前提下，利用本句的一些解题信息就可直接做答。对于此类题目，可边读边填，将原文信息尽量复原。 1． 利用习惯搭配及固定结构解题 完形填空中经常会考查一些固定结构、固定句式，这时就需要运用习惯搭配及固定结构来解题。这个技巧主要指惯用搭配，讲究词与词的搭配，涉及到关联词、动词、副词、形容词、名词和短语等。 [示例]　I then made it a point to __55__ those meetings and learn all I could. 55. A．chair　　　　　B．sponsor C．attend D．organize 2． 利用生活常识和文化背景解题 完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。在做题时，若能积极地调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺利地沿作者的思路阅读下去。 [示例]　Just last year, I was 56.conducting a workshop when someone knocked at the classroom door. A woman __57__ the interruption and handed me an envelope. 57．A.regretted B．avoided C．excused D．ignored 3．利用对应成分分析法解题 完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。考生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，通过它推断出未知填空的答案。 [示例]To __51__ the amount of rubbish and to protect the 52.environment，more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. 51．A.show B．record C．decrease D．measure [示例]　A pupil who can do his homework in a quiet and 59 room is in a much better position than a pupil who does his homework in a small, noisy room with the television on. 59. A. furnished B. expensive C. comfortable D. suitable 4.利用逻辑关系解题 此方法是通过分析未知填空前后文与已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案，主要应用于完形填空的两类题型：一是考查连接词和起连接词作用的短语，二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。 [示例]　We went 10­1 and I was named most valuable player, __28__I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s 29.accident． 28．A.and B．then C．but D．thus [示例]... got me rock-bottom prices on airfares, cars, and hotels. But her cold voice really 28 me. 28. A. annoyed B. interested C. discouraged D. confused 5. 利用语境暗示分析法解题 上下文语境具体体现为：全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句内层次中，我们通常可以通过上下文语境，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。 [示例]　The 38.trip is scheduled to start on December 21 in New York City and continue on to Milan, Prague, Paris, Bangkok and New Delhi before __39__ in Toronto on January 8. 39．A.ending B．calling C．repeating D．staying [示例] When you revise, you change aspects of your work in 54 to your evolving purpose, or to include 55 ideas or newly discovered information. 55. A. fixed B. ambitious C. familiar D. fresh · 四种方法智取句组层次题 比句内层次题稍难一级的题目，其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中，解题时需前瞻后顾，综合意群信息解答。即：本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。 1．利用语义复现解题 复现是一种语义衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，考生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的复现现象来选择正确的答案。 [示例]　While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life，college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this __41__ process and found something that has changed my 42.experience at college for the better：I discovered ASL—American Sign Language(美式手语)． 41．A.searching B．planning C．natural D．formal [示例]　Good manners at mealtimes help you and those around you to feel 49 . This is true at home as much as it is true in someone else’s home or in a restaurant. Good 50 make meals more enjoyable for everyone at the table. 50.A. dishes B. manners C. atmospheres D. friends [示例]　This is what happens on long submarine（潜水艇） voyages. It will also happen on 47 space flights in the future. Will there be special problems of adjustment under such conditions? 47．A.long B.fast C.dangerous D.direct [示例]　Many firms already claim to be “customer-driven” or “consumer-centered”. Now their 62 will be tested as never before. 62.A. information B. investment C. claims D. shops 2． 利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题 在完形填空文章中，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案或根据作者对人物或事情的褒贬性排除干扰做出正确的选择。 【示例】Good manners at mealtimes help you and those around you to feel 49. This is true at home as much as it is true in someone else’s home or in a restaurant. 49. A. comfortable B. stressed C. depressed D. outstanding 【示例】The law of over learning explains why cramming (突击学习) for an examination, 62(though) it may result in a passing grade, is not a 63 way to learn a school course. 63. A. convenient B. demanding C. satisfactory D. common 3．利用逻辑关系解题 在句组层次题中，利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的方法。完形填空中的每一个空格并非孤立存在的，命题者必须通过上下文体现出某种线索来保证空格所填答案的唯一性，而这一线索即是上下文乃至贯穿全文的逻辑关系，若在解题时忽视这一点，则无异于只见树木，不见森林。文章的逻辑关系不外乎有列举、因果、让步、对照、递进、目的、条件等，命题者往往借助于连词或介词短语来设置选项，因此在平时学习时就应该分清并牢记相关连词及介词短语所表示的逻辑关系。 [示例] Are your table manners much better when you are eating at a friend’s home or in a restaurant than they are at your own home? Probably so, 45 you are aware that people judge you by your table manners. 45. A. because B. but C. unless D. though [示例]　A pupil who can do his homework in a quiet and 59 room is in a much better position than a pupil who does his homework in a small, noisy room with the television on. 59. A. furnished B. expensive C. comfortable D. suitable 4．利用语境暗示分析法解题 在句组层次中，有些题目我们往往也需要通过上下文语境，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。 [示例]　During the war,my husband was stationed at an army camp in a desert in California.I went to live there...... My husband was ordered out on a long-term duty,and I was left in a tiny shack(棚屋) alone...... 24 a soul to talk to . The wind blew non-stop ,and all the food I ate ,and the evry air I breathed,were 25 with sand , sand , sand ! 24. A. Only B. Not C. Many D.Such · 三种方法突破语篇层次题 语篇层次题要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理、判断，从而做出正确的选择。这类题难度较大，一篇完形填空中，大约有2～3道此类题。 不急于解答，读完全文后综合思维再做判定。语篇层次题的解答必须立足于整个语篇，因此在解题时对这类题目不能急于解答，要跨越段落，顺藤摸瓜，仔细比对，最终得出答案。具体来说，可以利用以下3种方法解答此类题目。 1. 利用语义复现解题 由于完形填空的文章是一个意义相关联的语篇，它往往要围绕一个话题论述，因此行文中词语的重复、替代或同现的现象是不可避免的，即某一词常常以原词、同义词或近义词以及其它形式重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构成一个完整和有机的意义整体。根据这一原则，某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中复现的相关词，考生可以这些词之间的有机联系来决定答案。 [示例] In 2012, I had just recovered from a serious illness when I received an invitation to a writer's conference in Orlando, Florida. My family persuaded me that a(n) 36 might be just what the doctor ordered, so off I 37 went . 36. A.holiday B.ceremony C.operation D.experiment .... I' ll never forget that wonderful lady who, through her 55 kindness , filled my brief holiday in Florida with wonderful memories. 2. 利用总分结构或对比结构分析法解题 完形填空往往采用总分对照结构，总述是对分述的总结和概括，而分述是对总述的展开和详述，两者之间有着明确的相互支撑、相互印证的对照关系。总分对照结构可以为我们提供重要的解题线索。 对比结构常把两种对立的事物或同一事物的两个不同方面并列出来加以比较或对比。高考完形填空题常常利用句子之间的对比关系或者同一个句子的不同部分之间的对比关系设计题目。对比结构可以为我们提供重要的解题线索。 [示例]　He had always been interested in medicine and had read a book, which discussed the idea of how body chemistry and health can be damaged by emotional stress and negative __47__. The book made Cousins think about the possible __48__ of positive attitudes and emotions. 47. A. attitudes B. beliefs C. goals D. positions 48. A. shortcoming B. harm C. benefit D. interest 3. 利用逻辑关系解题 在语篇层次题中，利用逻辑关系也是一种重要解题方法。完形填空中的每一个空格并非孤立存在的，命题者必须通过上下文体现出某种线索来保证空格所填答案的唯一性，而这一线索即是上下文乃至贯穿全文的逻辑关系，若在解题时忽视这一点，则无异于只见树木，不见森林。文章的逻辑关系不外乎有列举、因果、让步、对照、递进、目的、条件等，命题者往往借助于连词或介词短语来设置选项，因此在平时学习时就应该分清并牢记相关连词及介词短语所表示的逻辑关系。 [示例] Revision is not just an afterthought that gets only as much time as you have at the end of an assignment. 56 , it is a major stage of the writing process, and writers revise every step of the way. 56. A. However B. Moreover C. Instead D. Therefore 【模拟练】 Passage 1 【来源】上海市西南位育中学2024-2025学年九年级下学期3月测试英语试题 Have you ever shouted angrily at someone when you are hungry? Or has someone done that at you when they are hungry? If so, you’ve experienced “hangry”—in that situation some people get bad-tempered when they are not having enough food. But where does hunger come from? And why is it that only some people seem to get hangry? The answer lies in some of the processes that happen 1 your body when it needs food. The carbohydrates (碳水化合物), proteins and fats in everything you eat turn into various nutrients. These nutrients pass into your bloodstream and then go to your body and are used for 2 . As time passes after your last meal, the amount of these nutrients starts to 3 . If your blood glucose (血糖) levels fall far enough, your brain will regard it as a life-threatening situation. Your brain is greatly dependent on glucose to do its job. Simple things can become 4 when you’re hungry and your blood glucose levels are below the norm. You may find it hard to focus, for instance, or you may make silly mistakes. You might 5 have noticed that your words tend to become muddled or hard to understand. The easiest way to handle hunger is to eat something 6 you get too hungry. Generally junk foods cause large rises in blood-glucose levels that come crashing down fast. So, they may leave you feeling hungrier. Nutrient-rich or natural foods are ideal to deal with “hangry”. 1．A．inside B．outside C．through D．across 2．A．recycle B．rest C．help D．energy 3．A．rise B．drop C．spread D．disappear 4．A．easy B．difficult C．effective D．natural 5．A．also B．still C．either D．never 6．A．until B．after C．before D．unless Passage 2 【来源】上海市娄山中学2023-2024学年九年级下学期3月月考英语试卷 Larry seemed always silent and didn’t have any friend. His teacher Mr. Brown noticed this. One day, he asked Larry to meet him after class. Mr. Brown said, “I see that you don’t talk to anyone. What’s wrong?” Larry replied, “Sir, I have a very 7 life. I have to face some very sad incidents (事件) and I keep thinking about them. Because of this, I can’t focus my attention on anything and don’t even feel like talking to anyone.” Mr. Brown listened carefully, thought for a while and said, “Would you like some lemonade (柠檬汽水)?” Larry felt a little 8 and nervously replied, “Yes, thank you!” While preparing lemonade, Mr. Brown added more salt on purpose and kept the quantity of sugar low. Larry made a 9 face as soon as he drank a sip (一小口) of that lemonade. Seeing this, Mr. Brown asked “You don’t like it?” “Um…it’s just there is a bit too much salt in it.” Larry answered. Mr. Brown stopped him, “Oh, it doesn’t matter. I will throw it away.” As the teacher was lifting the glass to take it away, Larry stopped him and said, “Sir, please don’t throw it away. 10 we put a little more sugar in the lemonade, it will be fine to drink.” Hearing this, Mr. Brown said happily, “This is what I want to hear from you. To improve the taste of lemonade, we don’t need to remove the salt from it, we can just add some sugar to it. Similarly, we cannot remove sad things that have 11 happened to us, but we can add sweetness of good experiences in our life. If you keep on crying about your 12 neither your present will be right nor the future will be bright.” Larry realized his problem and promised to live a positive life. 7．A．simple B．difficult C．quiet D．common 8．A．surprised B．tired C．bored D．shamed 9．A．satisfied B．satisfying C．strange D．serious 10．A．Since B．Although C．Unless D．If 11．A．never B．already C．nearly D．seldom 12．A．style B．habit C．decision D．past Passage 3 【来源】上海位育中学2024-2025学年上学期九年级英语12月月考试题 Suppose that in a future classroom, a girl is taking a test. Her exam paper is made by an artificial intelligence (AI) (人工智能) model according to her 13 . When she finishes her paper, she hands in her paper to her teacher who will later use another AI model to 14 the paper. Then based on the test result, a new learning plan will be made for the girl. This is personalized education at its best. Could this be the future of AI in education? Certainly! With the development of high technology, the realization of an AI classroom will come earlier than we 15 . Here comes the question: How does AI help students learn better? In a classroom with AI technology, both the learning plans and the tests are personalized, and this allows students to learn at their own speed and in their own way. During the learning process, AI models keep monitoring students’ facial expressions to 16 discover when students get into trouble. More amazingly, AI can even predict signs of trouble before students themselves are aware of it. This early prediction enables AI to offer timely (及时的) solutions to problems and suggestions about a better learning plan. 17 , AI technology has made it possible to develop special programs for those who struggle with learning. A company in Massachusetts used AI technology and created a well-known software—Dragon Speech Recognition. With the 18 of voice recognition (识别), students can complete tasks just by speaking. This may be a great helper to those who have difficulty in writing. The role of AI in education may become more and more important. Perhaps, we will see an AI classroom in the near future. Education will be personalized to a student’s advantage, bringing a more enjoyable learning experience for all students. 13．A．interest B．level C．mood D．excuse 14．A．collect B．read C．grade D．return 15．A．have B．accept C．expect D．conduct 16．A．carefully B．possibly C．loudly D．immediately 17．A．What’s more B．In a word C．In other words D．On the other hand 18．A．experiment B．development C．difference D．arrangement Passage 4 【来源】上海市黄浦区卢湾中学 2024-2025学年九年级上学期12月阶段测试英语试卷 “I, take you, to be my wife to have and to hold from this day forward, for better or for worse, for richer, for poorer, in sickness and in health, to love and to cherish; from this day forward until death do us part.” The words moved me to 19 whenever I saw western wedding ceremony, most probably they mean it when saying so, but many couples 20 to be strangers or enemies, both hurt seriously. I used to lose my temper at my wife when I got blues, she just suffered silently. When our daughter was born into the world, I was not at her side. It was not because of my job that I was not there. 21 I enjoyed myself with some friends. Never did I change a wet diaper. How selfish I was! 5 years later, she gave birth to our son. And I moved to another place; seldom did I stay with her. She lived in her unit, looking after our daughter with no one around to help her. What’s 22 , there was no one living in the unit during the night. I could never 23 how she managed to be so courageous. “A woman is like a teabag, you never know how strong she is until she gets in hot water”. I think that my wife is even so, but I would rather I myself get into hot water instead of her. “You can not just love someone by saying you love someone wholeheartedly while doing nothing for her.” Actions speak louder than words. I am 24 successful, but it is my responsibility to make sure my wife and children live a happy life. It is her dream to buy a decent car so that we can improve our life quality, but the flats cost us a huge amount of money, and we are still in debt. I made a promise that one day a nice car will be bought for her, I need to keep my promise, I need to earn a little bit more money to make it a reality. 19．A．anger B．tears C．laugh D．sickness 20．A．make out B．point out C．turn out D．find out 21．A．Instead B．Finally C．Recently D．Luckily 22．A．wrong B．up C．better D．worse 23．A．see B．discover C．imagine D．suggest 24．A．more B．less C．really D．rather Passage 5 【来源】上海市西南模范中学2024-2025学年九年级上学期12月英语月考卷 Boxing (拳击) is a popular sport that many people seem to be attracted by. Newspapers, magazines and sports programs on TV frequently broadcast boxing matches. Professional (专业的) boxers earn a lot of money, and successful boxers are thought as big heroes. It seems to me that people, especially men, find it exciting because it is an aggressive (攻击性的) sport. When they watch a boxing match, they can identify with the winning boxer, and this gives them the feeling of being a 25 themselves. It is a fact that many people have feeling of aggression from time to time, but they cannot show their aggression in their everyday lives. Watching a boxing match gives them a chance to use up their aggression. 26 , there is a negative side to boxing. It can be a very dangerous sport. Although boxers wear gloves during the fights, and amateur (业余的) boxers 27 have to wear helmets which protects the head, there have frequently been accident in both professional and amateur boxing, sometimes with dramatic results. Boxers have suffered from head injuries, and sometimes, fighters have even been killed as a result of being knocked out in the ring. Furthermore, studies have shown that there are often long-term effects of boxing, in the form of serious brain 28 , even if a boxer has never been knocked out. I am personally not at all in 29 of aggressive sports like boxing. I think it would be better if less time was given to aggressive sports on TV, and we welcomed more men and women from non-aggressive sports as our heroes and heroines in our society. I believe that the world is aggressive enough already! Of course, people like 30 sports, and so do I, but I think that hitting other people in an aggressive way is not something that should be regarded as a sport. 25．A．winner B．viewer C．inspector D．trainer 26．A．First of all B．However C．Thus D．Therefore 27．A．otherwise B．never C．even D．seldom 28．A．loss B．waves C．damage D．disorder 29．A．favour B．process C．charge D．power 30．A．competitive B．quiet C．cooperative D．regular Passage 6 【来源】上海市浦东惠南学区2024-2025学年九年级上学期12月月考英语试题 As an English learner, you may encounter (遇到) many new words every week. Are you having a hard time 31 all of them? Well, perhaps you can try out the Method of Loci. “Loci” means “locations” in Latin (拉丁语). Users of the Method of Loci will create an imaginary physical space in their minds. They will then put words or numbers in certain locations within this space. As they walk through the space in their mind’s eye, they will be able to call to mind all the information it contains. The Method of Loci works because human beings are good at remembering 32 , but not so good at remembering words, numbers and lists. You can try memorizing the first 10 digits of pi (3.141592653) using the Method of Loci. The first step is to imagine a home. The house number is 314. On the doorstep, there is one parcel. You pick it up and find that it has come from your 59-year-old uncle. Now, you open the door. There you see 33 welcome mats. Six pairs of shoes have been placed on them. On the wall, there are five pegs (钉子), with three articles of clothing hanging off them. And what if you must remember a long 34 ? With the Method of Loci, you might imagine exactly where all the items (eggs, milk, yogurt, carrots, tofu, etc.) would go in the refrigerator after your shopping trip. While shopping, you can easily gather all the goods as you fill in the refrigerator in your 35 . World record holders in memory competitions often say that anyone can learn and use the Method of Loci and become a “memory expert.” Are you 36 to try this method? Find out whether it can help you remember all the new words in your English book! 31．A．reading B．remembering C．writing D．understanding 32．A．details B．facts C．names D．places 33．A．two B．three C．four D．five 34．A．email address B．phone number C．shopping list D．word list 35．A．car B．hand C．mind D．kitchen 36．A．able B．afraid C．ready D．used Passage 7 【来源】上海市浦东新区2024-2025学年九年级上学期10月月考英语试题 What do you think is the most useful invention of all time? By Cindy Wu The train, the car, and the airplane are useful machines, but these are not my 37 . For an everyday, useful invention, I vote for the air conditioner. I live in Taibei, and during the summer the temperature can be 35 degrees Celsius or more. It’s so hot! I’m not joking when I say that, if there are no air conditioners, people here cannot work or study. A lot of people might also get sick 38 cool air. By Jorge The most useful invention of all time is surely the Internet. We can now reach people and do business faster. I 39 a clothing store in Mexico City, and there’s a lot of competition. I also have a website. Now, people from all over the world can buy my clothing using my website. I can keep in touch with friends and family in Mexico and around the world using e-mail. It’s faster than 40 mail, and it’s cheaper than using the phone! By Kazuo Jorge, I also think that the Internet is useful. But, in my opinion, there is an “invention” that is even more 41 , and that’s electricity. Of course, this is a man-made invention, but people like Benjamin Franklin and Alessandro Volta learned how to use it. If there is no electricity, many of the world’s greatest inventions would not 42 . 37．A．choose B．choices C．thoughts D．think 38．A．with B．in C．without D．during 39．A．own B．owe C．design D．build 40．A．usually B．useless C．usual D．useful 41．A．importantly B．important C．efficient D．efficiently 42．A．job B．do C．run D．work Passage 8 【来源】上海市闵行区莘松中学2024-2025学年九年级上学期9月月考英语试卷 It’s been said that fashion is a language all its own. If that’s true, then some of the most effective communicators today are fashion vloggers. In the past, fashion magazines were a great source of information. Today, however, news and information about the latest styles can be easily found on the Internet. Fashion vloggers 43 exciting new ways to learn about trends (潮流) and other topics. They make and post videos that show them using different types of fashion items. Many vloggers work hard to be connected to their viewers. 44 , the viewers are loyal (忠诚的) to their favorite vloggers. What makes vloggers so popular? They typically don’t start out being famous. More often, they are “one of us”: 45 people who love fashion and want to share ideas. Their followers simply have faith in them and often buy the items they feature. Vloggers often create demonstration (示范) videos. How to tie a scarf and how to apply makeup are two popular themes. Outfit ideas are another popular topic for videos. For example, a vlogger might show the 46 how to match certain clothing items. Korean-American Chriselle Lim is one of the most famous fashion vloggers. The videos on her YouTube channel have 47 almost 29 million views. Lim’s original (最初的) goal was to share her own style with anyone who might be interested. Today she uses her videos to educate and inspire more than half a million people. Vietnamese-American Wendy Nguyen is another favorite fashion vlogger and a true 48 story. She took her love for fashion and created Wendy’s Look book. Her YouTube video, “25 Ways to Wear a Scarf in 4.5 Minutes” has had about 45 million views! Both women have millions of loyal followers who trust their advice on a number of topics. It’s hard to deny the important role vloggers play in today’s fashion and beauty industry. 43．A．compare B．manage C．refuse D．provide 44．A．With great care B．In return C．For the first time D．At present 45．A．serious B．confident C．average D．traditional 46．A．audience B．citizens C．staff D．guests 47．A．received B．introduced C．respected D．mentioned 48．A．love B．fun C．success D．life 【真题练】 第一套 （2023·上海中考真题） 第二套 （2022·上海中考真题） Choose the best answer and complete the passage（选择最恰当的选项完成短文）（12分） Star Woman Wang Zhenyi (王贞仪) (1768—1797) Have you ever heard of Wang Zhenyi? Perhaps most of us didn’t know this great name until she was introduced in a CCTV programme. Wang Zhenyi was a great Chinese ____61____. She was born in the Qing Dynasty. At that time, girls had no chance to get a formal education. However, her father and grandfather were open-minded. They thought girls should share equal opportunities with boys. They ____62____ her to read the books in their home library. Wang Zhenyi educated herself and read a lot about astronomy (the study of the stars, planets, etc.), maths, geography as well as medicine. Later, she decided to ____63____ astronomy. In her time, many people expected the stars to tell what was going to happen. They thought certain events in the sky, such as lunar eclipses(月食) happened when gods were angry. But Wang Zhenyi thought differently. She believed in facts and observation. In order to explain those “strange” events, she did some ____64____. In one, she used a round table as the Earth, a lamp as the Sun and a mirror as the Moon. She moved them around to show what ____65____ happens during a lunar eclipse: when the Earth is passing directly between the Sun and the Moon, the sunlight cannot reach the Moon and the Moon “disappears”. Throughout her short life, Wang Zhenyi wrote many articles about her research. In her articles, she explained difficult ideas in clear and ____66____ ways so that people could understand science more easily. She helped make science available to more people. 61. A. doctor B. scientist C. lawyer D. teacher 62. A. invited B. selected C. followed D. encouraged 63. A. rely on B. show off C. focus on D. talk about 64. A. exercises B. drawings C. reviews D. experiments 65. A. actually B. suddenly C. nearly D. recently 66. A. simple B. polite C. funny D. traditional 第三套 （2021·上海中考真题） What do you need for an invention to be a success? To begin with, good timing is very 45 . You can have a good idea which the public doesn’t want yet. Take Giovanni Caselli as an example. He invented the first fax machine in the 1860s. Though the quality was excellent, his invention quickly 46 . The fax machine did not become a necessary piece of equipment in every office until the 1980s. Money also helps. The Frenchman Denis Papin had the idea for a steam engine almost a hundred years before James Watt was born. Denis never had enough money to 47 one. You also need to be patient. It took scientists nearly eighty years to invent a light bulb. 48 , you shouldn’t be too slow. In the 1870s, Elisha Gray developed plans for a telephone. Gray saw it only as “a beautiful toy”. When he finally sent details of his invention to the Patent Office (专利局) on February 14th, 1876, it was too 49 . Almost the same designs had arrived just two hours earlier. The young man who sent them was Alexander Graham Bell. He is remembered as the inventor of the telephone. Of course what you really need is a wonderful idea. If you haven’t got one, a walk in the countryside and a careful look at 50 can help. The Swiss scientist, George de Mestral, had the idea for Velcro (粘扣) when he found his clothes covered in sticky seed pods after a walk in the countryside. 45．A．interesting B．important C．personal D．satisfying 46．A．died B．improved C．spread D．appeared 47．A．deliver B．repair C．use D．build 48．A．However B．Instead C．So far D．At last 49．A．modern B．difficult C．late D．old 50．A．society B．nature C．pictures D．advertisements 第四套 （2020年中考真题） How to Succeed in High School You have been familiar with the learning environment in your middle school, and it feels like home. So it is not always easy to say" 75 " to middle school. After entering high school, you may face some new challenges. The schoolwork may become more difficult and require greater skills. Most students need support. Teachers and parents may give you a hand. However, you can't 76 others all the time. What can you do？Here are some suggestions： Understand what kind of learner you are. Do you need silence to focus？Then make sure the TV is not on when you are studying. Provide yourself with a 77 learning environment at home. Some students focus better in the morning；others at night. Find the right 78 so that your efforts will work well. Learn to be better organized. It might be helpful when you get used to making a to—do—lit of all your schoolwork, and checking each item off when it is completed. Try to 79 your work. This will create smaller, more manageable tasks out of the larger ones. Big projects seem less difficult if they are done step by step. Form good reading habits. Read every day — the more, the better. It doesn't matter what you read. Reading newspaper regularly is a good choice. Newspapers provide plenty of details and background. 80 ,information you get from newspapers is usually official and true. High school life can be enjoyable. Old friendships might come undone and new ones will develop. Hope you will feel confident and perform well in high school! 75．A．hello B．bye—bye C．sorry D．thanks 76．A．care for B．depend on C．compete with D．worry about 77．A．warm B．clean C．quiet D．safe 78．A．time B．place C．habit D．skill 79．A．divide B．finish C．remember D．correct 80．A．For example B．In brief C．On average D．In addition 第五套 （2019年中考真题） B.Choose the best answer and complete the passage（选择最恰当的选项完成短文） This month，we had the honor of interviewing and six local change-makers aged from 11 to 17.These weren’t stopped by their age or size or lack of resources ，they saw a___50___ in the world around them and to step hep where they could.They support female soldiers raise money through their efforts，teach other kids about life lessons，and use their free time to___51___the old trees we love so dearly in the community.Each of them had adults in their lives encouraging and supporting their work. We were also honored to interview a famous writer for his new book，Start Now!You Can Be a Change-maker.The book explains some of the world's big problems-hunger， health and animals in danger-in a way that young children can understand.The book shows them，through other kids' stories，how they can make a ___52___，too.In our interview with the writer，he shares that each time his children take a small action，such as recycling，he talks with them.He uses the moment to discuss how small changes can achieve a great effect.It's a step any of us can take to help children realize how___53___ they are. At this time of year，we often hear lots of questions from parents.The most one is___54___，"What volunteer chances are there for young children under 16?”The kids in the interview and in the book show us that parents don't have to find an organized event for their kids to take part in.They can create their own chances.As parents，teachers，aunts， uncles，and friends，it's our job to ___55___ for what speaks to a child's heart，help them take that first step，and watch what their little hands can do. Start now，and you can raise a change-maker. Editor of PARENTS Magazine 50. A. sign B. need C. reason D. change 51. A. worry about B. climb up C. care for D. cut down 52. A. plan B. mistake C. decision D. difference 53. A. powerful B. generous C. happy D. active 54. A. private B. useful C. common D. rude 55. A. listen B. pay C. wait D. l eave 2 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题12 完形填空题 目录 题型综述 1 解题攻略 3 五大方法速判句内层次题 3 四种方法智取句组层次题 5 三种方法突破语篇层次题 8 中考练场 10 【题型解读】 完形填空不仅考查学生对所学词汇、语法等基础知识的综合运用能力，而且考查学生的阅读能力；不仅考查学生的知识背景，而且考查学生的逻辑推理和篇章结构理解等综合能力。它的命题原则是“以实词为主，虚词为辅，突出词汇语境化”。 由于学生缺乏对完形填空题型的正确了解以及平时的训练方法不当，导致做题时得分率低。本专题目的在于归纳一些高频考题及梳理一些解题技巧，以帮助同学们高效复习。 【命题规律】 1.句内层次题：解题信息分布在本句内部，瞻前顾后，左顾右盼，边读边填。 2.句组层次题：解题信息分布在设空处前后的一组句子中，瞻前顾后寻找暗示。 3.语篇层次题：解题信息分布在语篇的某一处甚至全篇，需要综合推断。 【解题技巧】 1. 解题步骤 1. 跳过空格，通读全文，把握大意。 2. 结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案。 3. 瞻前顾后，先易后难，各个击破。 4. 复读全文，逐空验证，弥补疏漏。 2. 解题方法 记叙文 1. 了解记叙文的六要素。 记叙文，无论是记人还是叙事，都会交代清楚时间、地点、人物、事件、经过和结果，即记叙文的＂六要素＂。弄清了这六个要素，基本上就理解了整篇文章。 2. 明确作者的写作目的。 就事论事一般来说不是作者记叙的目的，作者往往通过叙述阐明一个道理。作者总是为了某个目的，在情节选择和细节描写上作出合理的安排。读者明晰了写作目的，就能抓住文章的主题。 3. 读懂作者的观点或态度。 解题时要认真分析全文，看作者是否一直采用某种态度叙事或描述人。为了增加试题难度，命题人往往采用变化的形式，考生只有在语境的指导下，对文章进行准确地逻辑推断，才能推测出文字之下的深层信息。 4. 弄清作者叙述的视角。 弄清文章是以第几人称的视角展开记叙的。通常英语记叙文展开记叙的视角有两个：第一人称和第三人称。用第一人称就是从＂参与者＂的角度进行记叙，读者可从字里行间感受到作者的态度和感情。用第三人称就是以＂观察者＂的身份展开叙述，作者的语气客观，与读者保持一定距离，读者的注意力更多地集中在故事本身上。了解作者的写作角度有助于我们抓住作者的思维，深入理解文章的意义，把握好语境。 说明文 1. 快速弄清文章大意。 对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。 2. 弄清楚说明的顺序。 把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。 3. 把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节。 把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，我们还要特别注意，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。 4. 注重上下文语境 应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服＂思维定势＂，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。 5. 熟练做题方法，遵循四个原则： （1）上下一致。每个选择项必须从全文出发，从大处着手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，造成误选。 （2）语法正确。从语法的角度去考虑动词的时态、语态以及词类用法。 （3）逻辑合理。在完形填空题中，逻辑推理非常重要，有时每个选择项从语法上讲都正确，但是有的是不合语境逻辑的。 （4）符合搭配。英语中固定搭配很多，需要熟练掌握，才能做好此类题目。 【考点诠释】 · 五大方法速判句内层次题 解题信息分布在本句内，在读懂文章的前提下，利用本句的一些解题信息就可直接做答。对于此类题目，可边读边填，将原文信息尽量复原。 1． 利用习惯搭配及固定结构解题 完形填空中经常会考查一些固定结构、固定句式，这时就需要运用习惯搭配及固定结构来解题。这个技巧主要指惯用搭配，讲究词与词的搭配，涉及到关联词、动词、副词、形容词、名词和短语等。 [示例]　I then made it a point to __55__ those meetings and learn all I could. 55. A．chair　　　　　B．sponsor C．attend D．organize [解析]　C　本题可以利用固定结构解题。attend a meeting出席会议，是固定搭配。 2． 利用生活常识和文化背景解题 完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。在做题时，若能积极地调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺利地沿作者的思路阅读下去。 [示例]　Just last year, I was 56.conducting a workshop when someone knocked at the classroom door. A woman __57__ the interruption and handed me an envelope. 57．A.regretted B．avoided C．excused D．ignored [解析]　C　此题可利用生活常识和文化背景解题。作者正在上课，因此根据生活常识，打断作者上课应该请求原谅。 3．利用对应成分分析法解题 完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。考生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，通过它推断出未知填空的答案。 [示例]To __51__ the amount of rubbish and to protect the 52.environment，more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. 51．A.show B．record C．decrease D．measure [解析]　C　本题可以利用对应成分分析法解题。第51题与protect形成对应关系。因为前面有and这一并列连词，并且and前后意思应该一致，我们可以很轻松地选出正确答案C项(decrease“减少”)。 [示例]　A pupil who can do his homework in a quiet and 59 room is in a much better position than a pupil who does his homework in a small, noisy room with the television on. 59. A. furnished B. expensive C. comfortable D. suitable [解析]该题利用相似短语之间的对比关系来命题。设空部分与下文的a small, noisy room with the television on存在对比关系。作者想借此说明“相同的作业”对于“不同家庭背景的学生”所表现出的事实上的不公平。答案C。 4.利用逻辑关系解题 此方法是通过分析未知填空前后文与已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案，主要应用于完形填空的两类题型：一是考查连接词和起连接词作用的短语，二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。 [示例]　We went 10­1 and I was named most valuable player, __28__I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s 29.accident． 28．A.and B．then C．but D．thus [解析]　C　本题考查连词。通过分析得知本填空前后文的已知信息是明显的转折关系，因此答案是but。and表示并列关系；then表示顺承关系；thus表示因果关系。连词的作用就是将其前后文的已知信息衔接起来，因此可以利用逻辑关系来解题，即通过分析该未知填空前后文的已知信息的逻辑关系来确定本题应该填入表达何种逻辑关系的短语。 [示例]... got me rock-bottom prices on airfares, cars, and hotels. But her cold voice really 28 me. 28. A. annoyed B. interested C. discouraged D. confused [解析] A But是这里的语篇标记语，表示转折关系。由此我们可推测，尽管作者的旅行社经纪人总是能给他买到最低价的机票等，但是她冷冰冰的声音着实让作者不开心，故annoyed 符合此处语境。 5. 利用语境暗示分析法解题 上下文语境具体体现为：全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句内层次中，我们通常可以通过上下文语境，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。 [示例]　The 38.trip is scheduled to start on December 21 in New York City and continue on to Milan, Prague, Paris, Bangkok and New Delhi before __39__ in Toronto on January 8. 39．A.ending B．calling C．repeating D．staying [解析]　A　本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。由前面的start可知旅行开始时间，因此我们可以快速地选出ending旅行的结束时间。 [示例] When you revise, you change aspects of your work in 54 to your evolving purpose, or to include 55 ideas or newly discovered information. 55. A. fixed B. ambitious C. familiar D. fresh [解析] D fresh ideas 与本句后面的newly discovered information对应。 · 四种方法智取句组层次题 比句内层次题稍难一级的题目，其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中，解题时需前瞻后顾，综合意群信息解答。即：本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。 1．利用语义复现解题 复现是一种语义衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，考生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的复现现象来选择正确的答案。 [示例]　While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life，college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this __41__ process and found something that has changed my 42.experience at college for the better：I discovered ASL—American Sign Language(美式手语)． 41．A.searching B．planning C．natural D．formal [解析] A　本题可利用语义复现解题。由上文中的explore new aspects of life可知，所填词与explore(探索)在词义上相近，故选searching(寻找)。planning计划；natural自然的；formal正式的。 [示例]　Good manners at mealtimes help you and those around you to feel 49 . This is true at home as much as it is true in someone else’s home or in a restaurant. Good 50 make meals more enjoyable for everyone at the table. 50.A. dishes B. manners C. atmospheres D. friends 【解析】B 我们可以很容易地找到设空部分的解题线索——上文的复现词汇 manners。故答案为 B。 [示例]　This is what happens on long submarine（潜水艇） voyages. It will also happen on 47 space flights in the future. Will there be special problems of adjustment under such conditions? 47．A.long B.fast C.dangerous D.direct 【解析】A 我们可以很容易地找到设空部分的解题线索——上文的复现词汇long [示例]　Many firms already claim to be “customer-driven” or “consumer-centered”. Now their 62 will be tested as never before. 62.A. information B. investment C. claims D. shops 【解析】C 我们可以很容易地找到设空部分的解题线索——上文的复现词汇claim。 2． 利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题 在完形填空文章中，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案或根据作者对人物或事情的褒贬性排除干扰做出正确的选择。 【示例】Good manners at mealtimes help you and those around you to feel 49. This is true at home as much as it is true in someone else’s home or in a restaurant. 49. A. comfortable B. stressed C. depressed D. outstanding 【解析】A 本题考查形容词辨析，前三个选项往往用来形容人的情感，意思分别是“舒服的”、“压力的”、“沮丧的”；后一个选项常用来指人的才能，意思是“杰出的、非凡的”。单从语法来说，每一个选项似乎都对，但是结合句意“好的用餐礼仪会使你和你周围的人感到舒服”，显然只能选A。 【示例】The law of over learning explains why cramming (突击学习) for an examination, 62(though) it may result in a passing grade, is not a 63 way to learn a school course. 63. A. convenient B. demanding C. satisfactory D. common 【解析】读懂作者的态度，即可理解本句意为“超量学习的原理解释了为什么虽然应付考试的突击学习可以帮助你及格，但不是一种学习学校课程的好方法”。这里的“好”就是“令人满意的”，最能体现作者对事物的态度，所以答案为C。 3．利用逻辑关系解题 在句组层次题中，利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的方法。完形填空中的每一个空格并非孤立存在的，命题者必须通过上下文体现出某种线索来保证空格所填答案的唯一性，而这一线索即是上下文乃至贯穿全文的逻辑关系，若在解题时忽视这一点，则无异于只见树木，不见森林。文章的逻辑关系不外乎有列举、因果、让步、对照、递进、目的、条件等，命题者往往借助于连词或介词短语来设置选项，因此在平时学习时就应该分清并牢记相关连词及介词短语所表示的逻辑关系。 [示例] Are your table manners much better when you are eating at a friend’s home or in a restaurant than they are at your own home? Probably so, 45 you are aware that people judge you by your table manners. 45. A. because B. but C. unless D. though 【解析】 A 你之所以在朋友家或餐馆的用餐礼仪比在自家时要好，是因为你知道人们会据此来评判一个人文明程度。不难判断 “you are aware that people judge you by your table manners”是表达前文的理由，用连词because。 [示例]　A pupil who can do his homework in a quiet and 59 room is in a much better position than a pupil who does his homework in a small, noisy room with the television on. 59. A. furnished B. expensive C. comfortable D. suitable 【解析】　该题利用相似短语之间的对比关系来命题。设空部分与下文的a small, noisy room with the television on存在对比关系。作者想借此说明“相同的作业”对于“不同家庭背景的学生”所表现出的事实上的不公平。答案为C。 4．利用语境暗示分析法解题 在句组层次中，有些题目我们往往也需要通过上下文语境，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。 [示例]　During the war,my husband was stationed at an army camp in a desert in California.I went to live there...... My husband was ordered out on a long-term duty,and I was left in a tiny shack(棚屋) alone...... 24 a soul to talk to . The wind blew non-stop ,and all the food I ate ,and the evry air I breathed,were 25 with sand , sand , sand ! 24. A. Only B. Not C. Many D.Such 【解析】：上下文语境分析法。根据上文a desert和alone，可知，没有一个人可以交谈。A.仅仅；B. 没有；C.很多；D.这样。故选B。 · 三种方法突破语篇层次题 语篇层次题要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理、判断，从而做出正确的选择。这类题难度较大，一篇完形填空中，大约有2～3道此类题。 不急于解答，读完全文后综合思维再做判定。语篇层次题的解答必须立足于整个语篇，因此在解题时对这类题目不能急于解答，要跨越段落，顺藤摸瓜，仔细比对，最终得出答案。具体来说，可以利用以下3种方法解答此类题目。 1. 利用语义复现解题 由于完形填空的文章是一个意义相关联的语篇，它往往要围绕一个话题论述，因此行文中词语的重复、替代或同现的现象是不可避免的，即某一词常常以原词、同义词或近义词以及其它形式重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构成一个完整和有机的意义整体。根据这一原则，某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中复现的相关词，考生可以这些词之间的有机联系来决定答案。 [示例] In 2012, I had just recovered from a serious illness when I received an invitation to a writer's conference in Orlando, Florida. My family persuaded me that a(n) 36 might be just what the doctor ordered, so off I 37 went . 36. A.holiday B.ceremony C.operation D.experiment .... I' ll never forget that wonderful lady who, through her 55 kindness , filled my brief holiday in Florida with wonderful memories. [解析] A 考察名词词义辨析及上下文串联。A假期；B仪式；C手术；D实验；句义：在2012年我刚刚从一次严重的疾病中恢复过来，我收到了一个邀请我去奥兰多参加作家会议。我家人说服我一个这样的假期也许是医生要求我做的事情。生病的人需要假期来恢复身心。另外根据文章最后一句filled my brief holiday in Florida可知也应该指假期。 2. 利用总分结构或对比结构分析法解题 完形填空往往采用总分对照结构，总述是对分述的总结和概括，而分述是对总述的展开和详述，两者之间有着明确的相互支撑、相互印证的对照关系。总分对照结构可以为我们提供重要的解题线索。 对比结构常把两种对立的事物或同一事物的两个不同方面并列出来加以比较或对比。高考完形填空题常常利用句子之间的对比关系或者同一个句子的不同部分之间的对比关系设计题目。对比结构可以为我们提供重要的解题线索。 [示例]　He had always been interested in medicine and had read a book, which discussed the idea of how body chemistry and health can be damaged by emotional stress and negative __47__. The book made Cousins think about the possible __48__ of positive attitudes and emotions. 47. A. attitudes B. beliefs C. goals D. positions 48. A. shortcoming B. harm C. benefit D. interest 【解析】　这两题均考查根据上下文选择正确的名词。上句意为“……书中讨论到紧张的情绪和消极的。。。都会损害人体组织和健康”。紧接着下句，意为“这本书使Cousins考虑到，积极的态度和情感可能带来的.....”。上句中的negative attitude, damaged等词与下句中的positive attitude, benefit形成对照，是解题关键。故47题A选项为正确答案；48题C为正确答案。 3. 利用逻辑关系解题 在语篇层次题中，利用逻辑关系也是一种重要解题方法。完形填空中的每一个空格并非孤立存在的，命题者必须通过上下文体现出某种线索来保证空格所填答案的唯一性，而这一线索即是上下文乃至贯穿全文的逻辑关系，若在解题时忽视这一点，则无异于只见树木，不见森林。文章的逻辑关系不外乎有列举、因果、让步、对照、递进、目的、条件等，命题者往往借助于连词或介词短语来设置选项，因此在平时学习时就应该分清并牢记相关连词及介词短语所表示的逻辑关系。 [示例] Revision is not just an afterthought that gets only as much time as you have at the end of an assignment. 56 , it is a major stage of the writing process, and writers revise every step of the way. 56. A. However B. Moreover C. Instead D. Therefore 【解析】：B 副词Moreover类似与but also表递进含义，与前面句not just（only）呼应。副词However（然而，表转折关系）、Instead（作为替代、反而，表相反含义）、Therefore（因此，表原因）都不符题意。 【模拟练】 Passage 1 【来源】上海市西南位育中学2024-2025学年九年级下学期3月测试英语试题 Have you ever shouted angrily at someone when you are hungry? Or has someone done that at you when they are hungry? If so, you’ve experienced “hangry”—in that situation some people get bad-tempered when they are not having enough food. But where does hunger come from? And why is it that only some people seem to get hangry? The answer lies in some of the processes that happen 1 your body when it needs food. The carbohydrates (碳水化合物), proteins and fats in everything you eat turn into various nutrients. These nutrients pass into your bloodstream and then go to your body and are used for 2 . As time passes after your last meal, the amount of these nutrients starts to 3 . If your blood glucose (血糖) levels fall far enough, your brain will regard it as a life-threatening situation. Your brain is greatly dependent on glucose to do its job. Simple things can become 4 when you’re hungry and your blood glucose levels are below the norm. You may find it hard to focus, for instance, or you may make silly mistakes. You might 5 have noticed that your words tend to become muddled or hard to understand. The easiest way to handle hunger is to eat something 6 you get too hungry. Generally junk foods cause large rises in blood-glucose levels that come crashing down fast. So, they may leave you feeling hungrier. Nutrient-rich or natural foods are ideal to deal with “hangry”. 1．A．inside B．outside C．through D．across 2．A．recycle B．rest C．help D．energy 3．A．rise B．drop C．spread D．disappear 4．A．easy B．difficult C．effective D．natural 5．A．also B．still C．either D．never 6．A．until B．after C．before D．unless 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．B 5．A 6．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“饿怒”这种现象，解释了其产生的原因，即身体缺少食物时的一些生理过程，还说明了处理“饿怒”的方法。 1．句意：答案在于当你的身体需要食物时在你身体内部发生的一些过程。 inside在……里面；outside在……外面；through通过；across穿过。根据语境可知是身体内部发生的过程，“inside your body”表示“在你身体里面”，故选A。 2．句意：这些营养物质进入你的血液，然后进入你的身体，并被用于获取能量。 recycle回收；rest休息；help帮助；energy能量。根据常识，吃的东西转化的营养物质进入身体是用来提供能量的，故“used for energy”符合语境，故选D。 3．句意：在你最后一顿饭后随着时间的推移，这些营养物质的量开始下降。 rise上升；drop下降；spread传播；disappear消失。根据后文“If your blood glucose (血糖) levels fall far enough”可知营养物质的量是下降的，故选B。 4．句意：当你饿了并且你的血糖水平低于正常水平时，简单的事情会变得困难。 easy容易的；difficult困难的；effective有效的；natural自然的。根据后文“You may find it hard to focus, for instance, or you may make silly mistakes.”可知是简单的事情变得困难了，故选B。 5．句意：你可能也已经注意到你的话语往往会变得混乱或难以理解。 also也；still仍然；either也 (用于否定句)；never从不。前面提到了饿的时候会难以集中注意力等，这里表示话语变得混乱也是饿的时候的情况，“also”符合语境，故选A。 6．句意：处理“饿怒”最简单的方法是在你变得太饿之前吃点东西。 until直到；after在……之后；before在……之前；unless除非。根据语境，在太饿之前吃东西才能处理“饿怒”，“before”符合语境，故选C。 Passage 2 【来源】上海市娄山中学2023-2024学年九年级下学期3月月考英语试卷 Larry seemed always silent and didn’t have any friend. His teacher Mr. Brown noticed this. One day, he asked Larry to meet him after class. Mr. Brown said, “I see that you don’t talk to anyone. What’s wrong?” Larry replied, “Sir, I have a very 7 life. I have to face some very sad incidents (事件) and I keep thinking about them. Because of this, I can’t focus my attention on anything and don’t even feel like talking to anyone.” Mr. Brown listened carefully, thought for a while and said, “Would you like some lemonade (柠檬汽水)?” Larry felt a little 8 and nervously replied, “Yes, thank you!” While preparing lemonade, Mr. Brown added more salt on purpose and kept the quantity of sugar low. Larry made a 9 face as soon as he drank a sip (一小口) of that lemonade. Seeing this, Mr. Brown asked “You don’t like it?” “Um…it’s just there is a bit too much salt in it.” Larry answered. Mr. Brown stopped him, “Oh, it doesn’t matter. I will throw it away.” As the teacher was lifting the glass to take it away, Larry stopped him and said, “Sir, please don’t throw it away. 10 we put a little more sugar in the lemonade, it will be fine to drink.” Hearing this, Mr. Brown said happily, “This is what I want to hear from you. To improve the taste of lemonade, we don’t need to remove the salt from it, we can just add some sugar to it. Similarly, we cannot remove sad things that have 11 happened to us, but we can add sweetness of good experiences in our life. If you keep on crying about your 12 neither your present will be right nor the future will be bright.” Larry realized his problem and promised to live a positive life. 7．A．simple B．difficult C．quiet D．common 8．A．surprised B．tired C．bored D．shamed 9．A．satisfied B．satisfying C．strange D．serious 10．A．Since B．Although C．Unless D．If 11．A．never B．already C．nearly D．seldom 12．A．style B．habit C．decision D．past 【答案】7．B 8．A 9．C 10．D 11．B 12．D 【导语】本文主要讲了老师用柠檬水的比喻告诉Larry一个道理，无法消除已发生的痛苦，但可以通过积极态度改善生活，创造未来。 7．句意：老师，我有一个非常艰难的生活。 simple简单的；difficult困难的；quiet安静的；common普通的。根据“I have to face some very sad incidents and I keep thinking about them.”可知，Larry的生活充满悲伤事件且难以摆脱，故选B。 8．句意：Larry感到有点惊讶，紧张地回复：“是的，谢谢您！” surprised惊讶的；tired疲惫的；bored无聊的；shamed羞愧的。根据上下文可知，当老师突然问Larry是否要柠檬汽水时，Larry原本在倾诉烦恼，此时反应应是“惊讶”，故选A。 9．句意：Larry喝了一小口柠檬汽水后露出了奇怪的表情。 satisfied满意的；satisfying令人满意的；strange奇怪的；serious严肃的。根据后文“there is a bit too much salt in it”可知，柠檬水味道太咸，因此Larry的表情应是“奇怪”，故选C。 10．句意：如果我们多加一点糖，柠檬汽水就会好喝。 Since自从；Although尽管；Unless除非；If如果。根据“...we put a little more sugar in the lemonade, it will be fine to drink.”可知，Larry提议“加糖改善味道”是一个假设条件，故选D。 11．句意：同样地，我们不能去除已经发生在我们身上的悲伤的事情，但我们可以在我们的生活中增加美好经历的甜蜜。 never从未；already已经；nearly几乎；seldom很少。根据“sad things that have...happened”可知，悲伤事件是“已经发生的”，强调完成状态，故选B。 12．句意：如果你一直为过去哭泣，你的现在不会正确，未来也不会光明。 style风格；habit习惯；decision决定；past过去。根据上下文，Mr. Brown用柠檬汽水的味道讲述“过去的悲伤无法改变，但可添加新的美好”这个道理，故选D。 Passage 3 【来源】上海位育中学2024-2025学年上学期九年级英语12月月考试题 Suppose that in a future classroom, a girl is taking a test. Her exam paper is made by an artificial intelligence (AI) (人工智能) model according to her 13 . When she finishes her paper, she hands in her paper to her teacher who will later use another AI model to 14 the paper. Then based on the test result, a new learning plan will be made for the girl. This is personalized education at its best. Could this be the future of AI in education? Certainly! With the development of high technology, the realization of an AI classroom will come earlier than we 15 . Here comes the question: How does AI help students learn better? In a classroom with AI technology, both the learning plans and the tests are personalized, and this allows students to learn at their own speed and in their own way. During the learning process, AI models keep monitoring students’ facial expressions to 16 discover when students get into trouble. More amazingly, AI can even predict signs of trouble before students themselves are aware of it. This early prediction enables AI to offer timely (及时的) solutions to problems and suggestions about a better learning plan. 17 , AI technology has made it possible to develop special programs for those who struggle with learning. A company in Massachusetts used AI technology and created a well-known software—Dragon Speech Recognition. With the 18 of voice recognition (识别), students can complete tasks just by speaking. This may be a great helper to those who have difficulty in writing. The role of AI in education may become more and more important. Perhaps, we will see an AI classroom in the near future. Education will be personalized to a student’s advantage, bringing a more enjoyable learning experience for all students. 13．A．interest B．level C．mood D．excuse 14．A．collect B．read C．grade D．return 15．A．have B．accept C．expect D．conduct 16．A．carefully B．possibly C．loudly D．immediately 17．A．What’s more B．In a word C．In other words D．On the other hand 18．A．experiment B．development C．difference D．arrangement 【答案】13．B 14．C 15．C 16．D 17．A 18．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了人工智能在教育上的运用。 13．句意：她的试卷是由一个人工智能模型根据她的水平制作的。 interest兴趣；level水平；mood心情；excuse借口。根据语境并结合常识可知，试卷应该根据学生的水平设计。故选B。 14．句意：当她完成试卷后，她把试卷交给老师，然后老师会用另一个人工智能模型给试卷评分。 collect收集；read读；grade（给试卷或作业）评分；return返回。根据语境并结合常识可知，学生交卷后，老师会给试卷评分。故选C。 15．句意：随着高科技的发展，人工智能课堂的实现将比我们预期的要早。 have有；accept接受；expect预期；conduct执行。根据语境并结合实际可知，随着技术的快速发展，人工智能在教学上的运用要比我们预期的更早。故选C。 16．句意：在学习过程中，人工智能模型不断监测学生的面部表情，以便在学生遇到麻烦时立即发现。 carefully仔细地；possibly可能地；loudly大声地；immediately立即。根据语境可知，当学生遇到困难时，人工智能模型能够立即发现。故选D。 17．句意：更重要的是，人工智能技术使得为那些学习困难的人开发特殊程序成为可能。 What’s more更重要的是；In a word总而言之；In other words换句话说；On the other hand另一方面。根据“A company in Massachusetts used AI technology and created a well-known software---Dragon Speech Recognition.”并结合上文可知，上文讲述了人工智能在教育中运用的优势，第四段介绍了为学习困难的人开发的特殊程序，上下为递进关系。故选A。 18．句意：随着语音识别技术的发展，学生可以通过说话来完成任务。 experiment实验；development发展；difference差异；arrangement安排。根据语境并结合实际可知，随着语音识别技术的发展，书写困难的学生可以通过说话来完成学习。故选B。 Passage 4 【来源】上海市黄浦区卢湾中学 2024-2025学年九年级上学期12月阶段测试英语试卷 “I, take you, to be my wife to have and to hold from this day forward, for better or for worse, for richer, for poorer, in sickness and in health, to love and to cherish; from this day forward until death do us part.” The words moved me to 19 whenever I saw western wedding ceremony, most probably they mean it when saying so, but many couples 20 to be strangers or enemies, both hurt seriously. I used to lose my temper at my wife when I got blues, she just suffered silently. When our daughter was born into the world, I was not at her side. It was not because of my job that I was not there. 21 I enjoyed myself with some friends. Never did I change a wet diaper. How selfish I was! 5 years later, she gave birth to our son. And I moved to another place; seldom did I stay with her. She lived in her unit, looking after our daughter with no one around to help her. What’s 22 , there was no one living in the unit during the night. I could never 23 how she managed to be so courageous. “A woman is like a teabag, you never know how strong she is until she gets in hot water”. I think that my wife is even so, but I would rather I myself get into hot water instead of her. “You can not just love someone by saying you love someone wholeheartedly while doing nothing for her.” Actions speak louder than words. I am 24 successful, but it is my responsibility to make sure my wife and children live a happy life. It is her dream to buy a decent car so that we can improve our life quality, but the flats cost us a huge amount of money, and we are still in debt. I made a promise that one day a nice car will be bought for her, I need to keep my promise, I need to earn a little bit more money to make it a reality. 19．A．anger B．tears C．laugh D．sickness 20．A．make out B．point out C．turn out D．find out 21．A．Instead B．Finally C．Recently D．Luckily 22．A．wrong B．up C．better D．worse 23．A．see B．discover C．imagine D．suggest 24．A．more B．less C．really D．rather 【答案】19．B 20．C 21．A 22．D 23．C 24．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了作者反思了自己在婚姻中的不足和对家庭的忽视，表达了对妻子的愧疚和对家庭责任的认识，并承诺通过实际行动去改善家庭生活和履行对妻子的承诺。 19．句意：每当我看到一个西式婚礼时，这些话语都会让我感动落泪。 anger愤怒；tears眼泪；laugh笑；sickness疾病。根据“The words moved me to”可知结婚时说的这些话让作者感动到落泪。故选B。 20．句意：但许多夫妇最终却变成了陌生人或敌人，双方都受到了严重的伤害。 make out理解；point out指出；turn out结果是；find out发现。根据“to be strangers or enemies”可知很多夫妇结果成为陌生人或敌人。故选C。 21．句意：相反，我和一些朋友玩得很开心。 Instead相反；Finally最后；Recently最近；Luckily幸运地。根据“It was not because of my job that I was not there...I enjoyed myself with some friends”可知不是因为我的工作，相反我是和一些朋友玩得很开心。故选A。 22．句意：更糟糕的是，晚上没有人住在这个单元里。 wrong错误的；up向上；better更好的；worse更糟糕的。根据“there was no one living in the unit during the night”可知晚上没有人住在这个单元里，这是更糟糕的事情。故选D。 23．句意：我永远无法想象她是如何做到如此勇敢的。 see看见；discover发现；imagine想象；suggest建议。根据“how she managed to be so courageous”可知是不能想象她是怎么做到这么勇敢的。故选C。 24．句意：我不太成功，但我有责任确保我的妻子和孩子过上幸福的生活。 more更多；less更少；really真正地；rather相当。根据“but the flats cost us a huge amount of money, and we are still in debt...”可知作者他们负债累累，可见作者不是那么成功。故选B。 Passage 5 【来源】上海市西南模范中学2024-2025学年九年级上学期12月英语月考卷 Boxing (拳击) is a popular sport that many people seem to be attracted by. Newspapers, magazines and sports programs on TV frequently broadcast boxing matches. Professional (专业的) boxers earn a lot of money, and successful boxers are thought as big heroes. It seems to me that people, especially men, find it exciting because it is an aggressive (攻击性的) sport. When they watch a boxing match, they can identify with the winning boxer, and this gives them the feeling of being a 25 themselves. It is a fact that many people have feeling of aggression from time to time, but they cannot show their aggression in their everyday lives. Watching a boxing match gives them a chance to use up their aggression. 26 , there is a negative side to boxing. It can be a very dangerous sport. Although boxers wear gloves during the fights, and amateur (业余的) boxers 27 have to wear helmets which protects the head, there have frequently been accident in both professional and amateur boxing, sometimes with dramatic results. Boxers have suffered from head injuries, and sometimes, fighters have even been killed as a result of being knocked out in the ring. Furthermore, studies have shown that there are often long-term effects of boxing, in the form of serious brain 28 , even if a boxer has never been knocked out. I am personally not at all in 29 of aggressive sports like boxing. I think it would be better if less time was given to aggressive sports on TV, and we welcomed more men and women from non-aggressive sports as our heroes and heroines in our society. I believe that the world is aggressive enough already! Of course, people like 30 sports, and so do I, but I think that hitting other people in an aggressive way is not something that should be regarded as a sport. 25．A．winner B．viewer C．inspector D．trainer 26．A．First of all B．However C．Thus D．Therefore 27．A．otherwise B．never C．even D．seldom 28．A．loss B．waves C．damage D．disorder 29．A．favour B．process C．charge D．power 30．A．competitive B．quiet C．cooperative D．regular 【答案】25．A 26．B 27．C 28．C 29．A 30．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了拳击虽然是一项受欢迎的运动，但它也具有危险性和长期影响，作者认为电视上应该减少对侵略性运动的报道，更多地关注非侵略性运动的英雄。 25．句意：当他们观看拳击比赛时，他们能认同获胜的拳击手，这给他们自己也是胜利者的感觉。 winner获胜者；viewer观看者；inspector视察者；trainer教练。根据“When they watch a boxing match, they can identify with the winning boxer,”可知，此处说的是让他们感觉自己也是胜利者。故选A。 26．句意：然而，拳击也有消极的一面。 First of all首先；However然而；Thus因此；Therefore因此。根据“there is a negative side to boxing.”可知，此处说的是拳击消极的一面，表示转折，应该用However。故选B。 27．句意：尽管拳击手在比赛中戴手套，业余拳击手甚至必须戴头盔来保护头部，但在职业和业余拳击比赛中还是经常发生事故，有时会造成戏剧性的后果。 otherwise否则；never从不；even甚至；seldom很少。根据“Although boxers wear gloves during the fights, and amateur (业余的) boxers…have to wear helmets which protects the head”可知，此处说的是业余拳击手甚至必须戴头盔来保护头部。故选C。 28．句意：此外，研究表明，即使一名拳击手从未被击倒，拳击也会产生长期影响，表现为严重的脑损伤。 loss损失；waves波浪；damage损坏；disorder混乱。根据“in the form of serious brain…, even if a boxer has never been knocked out.”可知，此处说的是严重的脑损伤。故选C。 29．句意：我个人根本不赞成像拳击这样的攻击性运动。 favour赞成；process过程；charge费用；power力量。in favour of意为“赞成”，此处说的是作者不赞成这样的运动。故选A。 30．句意：当然，人们喜欢竞技体育，我也是，但我认为，以一种攻击性的方式打其他人并不是应该被视为一项体育运动。 competitive竞争的；quiet安静的；cooperative合作的；regular规则的。根据“people like…sports, and so do I”以及上文可知，此处说的是竞技体育。故选A。 Passage 6 【来源】上海市浦东惠南学区2024-2025学年九年级上学期12月月考英语试题 As an English learner, you may encounter (遇到) many new words every week. Are you having a hard time 31 all of them? Well, perhaps you can try out the Method of Loci. “Loci” means “locations” in Latin (拉丁语). Users of the Method of Loci will create an imaginary physical space in their minds. They will then put words or numbers in certain locations within this space. As they walk through the space in their mind’s eye, they will be able to call to mind all the information it contains. The Method of Loci works because human beings are good at remembering 32 , but not so good at remembering words, numbers and lists. You can try memorizing the first 10 digits of pi (3.141592653) using the Method of Loci. The first step is to imagine a home. The house number is 314. On the doorstep, there is one parcel. You pick it up and find that it has come from your 59-year-old uncle. Now, you open the door. There you see 33 welcome mats. Six pairs of shoes have been placed on them. On the wall, there are five pegs (钉子), with three articles of clothing hanging off them. And what if you must remember a long 34 ? With the Method of Loci, you might imagine exactly where all the items (eggs, milk, yogurt, carrots, tofu, etc.) would go in the refrigerator after your shopping trip. While shopping, you can easily gather all the goods as you fill in the refrigerator in your 35 . World record holders in memory competitions often say that anyone can learn and use the Method of Loci and become a “memory expert.” Are you 36 to try this method? Find out whether it can help you remember all the new words in your English book! 31．A．reading B．remembering C．writing D．understanding 32．A．details B．facts C．names D．places 33．A．two B．three C．four D．five 34．A．email address B．phone number C．shopping list D．word list 35．A．car B．hand C．mind D．kitchen 36．A．able B．afraid C．ready D．used 【答案】31．B 32．D 33．A 34．C 35．C 36．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“轨迹法”这一记忆方法。 31．句意：你在记住所有这些单词方面有困难吗？ reading阅读；remembering记住；writing书写；understanding理解。根据前文“encounter many new words”可知，这里说的是记住单词，故选B。 32．句意：轨迹法之所以有效，是因为人类擅长记忆地点，但不擅长记忆单词、数字和列表。 details细节；facts事实；names名字；places地点。根据后文“You can try memorizing the first 10 digits of pi (3.141592653) using…are five pegs (钉子), with three articles of clothing hanging off them.”可知，将单词等与想象空间中的地点联系起来帮助记忆，所以这里是说人类擅长记忆地点，故选D。 33．句意：在那里你看到两块欢迎垫。 two二；three三；four四；five五。根据后文“Six pairs of shoes have been placed on them.”可知，有六双鞋，两块垫子比较合理，故选A。 34．句意：如果你必须记住一长串购物清单呢？ email address电子邮件地址；phone number电话号码；shopping list购物清单；word list单词表。根据后文“all the items (eggs, milk, yogurt, carrots, tofu, etc.) would go in the refrigerator after your shopping trip”可知，这里说的是购物清单，故选C。 35．句意：在购物时，你可以在脑海中填充冰箱的同时轻松收集所有商品。 car汽车；hand手；mind头脑；kitchen厨房。根据前文“in their minds”可知，是在脑海中想象，故选C。 36．句意：你准备好尝试这种方法了吗？ able能够；afraid害怕；ready准备好；used使用过的。“be ready to do sth.”表示“准备好做某事”，故选C。 Passage 7 【来源】上海市浦东新区2024-2025学年九年级上学期10月月考英语试题 What do you think is the most useful invention of all time? By Cindy Wu The train, the car, and the airplane are useful machines, but these are not my 37 . For an everyday, useful invention, I vote for the air conditioner. I live in Taibei, and during the summer the temperature can be 35 degrees Celsius or more. It’s so hot! I’m not joking when I say that, if there are no air conditioners, people here cannot work or study. A lot of people might also get sick 38 cool air. By Jorge The most useful invention of all time is surely the Internet. We can now reach people and do business faster. I 39 a clothing store in Mexico City, and there’s a lot of competition. I also have a website. Now, people from all over the world can buy my clothing using my website. I can keep in touch with friends and family in Mexico and around the world using e-mail. It’s faster than 40 mail, and it’s cheaper than using the phone! By Kazuo Jorge, I also think that the Internet is useful. But, in my opinion, there is an “invention” that is even more 41 , and that’s electricity. Of course, this is a man-made invention, but people like Benjamin Franklin and Alessandro Volta learned how to use it. If there is no electricity, many of the world’s greatest inventions would not 42 . 37．A．choose B．choices C．thoughts D．think 38．A．with B．in C．without D．during 39．A．own B．owe C．design D．build 40．A．usually B．useless C．usual D．useful 41．A．importantly B．important C．efficient D．efficiently 42．A．job B．do C．run D．work 【答案】37．B 38．C 39．A 40．C 41．B 42．D 【导语】本文介绍了三个人对于“有史以来最伟大的发明”的不同看法。 37．句意：火车、汽车和飞机都是有用的机器，但这些都不是我的选择。 choose选择（动词）；choices选择（名词）；thoughts想法（名词）；think认为（动词）。根据“ The train, the car, and the airplane are useful machines, but these are not my...”可知，空前是形容词性物主代词“my”，后接名词，因此可排除选项A和D；结合“What do you think is the most useful invention of all time?”可知，此处指“火车、汽车和飞机等都不在我的选择范围之内”，即我不认为这些是最好的发明。故选B。 38．句意：如果没有凉爽的空气，很多人也可能会生病。 with和，具有；in在……里面；without没有；during在……期间。根据“I’m not joking when I say that, if there are no air conditioners, people here cannot work or study. A lot of people might also get sick...cool air.”可知，如果没有空调，这里的人就无法工作或学习；如果没有凉爽的空气，很多人可能也会生病。故选C。 39．句意：我在墨西哥城拥有一家服装店，竞争很激烈。 own拥有；owe欠；design设计；build建造。根据下文“I also have a website. Now, people from all over the world can buy my clothing using my website.”可知，那家服装店是“我”的，即“我”拥有它。故选A。 40．句意：它比普通邮件快，而且比用电话便宜！ usually通常（副词）；useless无用的；usual通常的；useful有用的。根据“I can keep in touch with friends and family in Mexico and around the world using e-mail. It’s faster than...mail, and it’s cheaper than using the phone!”可知，此处指电子邮件比普通邮件快，空后是名词“mail”，空处应是形容词usual。故选C。 41．句意：但是，在我看来，有一项“发明”更为重要，那就是电。 importantly重要地；important重要的；efficient有效率的；efficiently有效地。根据“there is an “invention” that is even more..., and that’s electricity”可知，空处应填入形容词，作表语，因此排除选项A和D；结合下文“If there is no electricity, many of the world’s greatest inventions would not...”可知，此处讲述了电的重要性，空处应是important。故选B。 42．句意：如果没有电，世界上许多最伟大的发明都将无法运行。 job工作；do做；run跑，经营；work工作，运行。根据“If there is no electricity, many of the world’s greatest inventions would not...”可知，此处指如果没有电，很多伟大的发明都无法奏效或运行。故选D。 Passage 8 【来源】上海市闵行区莘松中学2024-2025学年九年级上学期9月月考英语试卷 It’s been said that fashion is a language all its own. If that’s true, then some of the most effective communicators today are fashion vloggers. In the past, fashion magazines were a great source of information. Today, however, news and information about the latest styles can be easily found on the Internet. Fashion vloggers 43 exciting new ways to learn about trends (潮流) and other topics. They make and post videos that show them using different types of fashion items. Many vloggers work hard to be connected to their viewers. 44 , the viewers are loyal (忠诚的) to their favorite vloggers. What makes vloggers so popular? They typically don’t start out being famous. More often, they are “one of us”: 45 people who love fashion and want to share ideas. Their followers simply have faith in them and often buy the items they feature. Vloggers often create demonstration (示范) videos. How to tie a scarf and how to apply makeup are two popular themes. Outfit ideas are another popular topic for videos. For example, a vlogger might show the 46 how to match certain clothing items. Korean-American Chriselle Lim is one of the most famous fashion vloggers. The videos on her YouTube channel have 47 almost 29 million views. Lim’s original (最初的) goal was to share her own style with anyone who might be interested. Today she uses her videos to educate and inspire more than half a million people. Vietnamese-American Wendy Nguyen is another favorite fashion vlogger and a true 48 story. She took her love for fashion and created Wendy’s Look book. Her YouTube video, “25 Ways to Wear a Scarf in 4.5 Minutes” has had about 45 million views! Both women have millions of loyal followers who trust their advice on a number of topics. It’s hard to deny the important role vloggers play in today’s fashion and beauty industry. 43．A．compare B．manage C．refuse D．provide 44．A．With great care B．In return C．For the first time D．At present 45．A．serious B．confident C．average D．traditional 46．A．audience B．citizens C．staff D．guests 47．A．received B．introduced C．respected D．mentioned 48．A．love B．fun C．success D．life 【答案】43．D 44．B 45．C 46．A 47．A 48．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了拍摄视频博客的博主即“微录主”受欢迎的原因。 43．句意：时尚微录主为了解潮流和其他话题提供了令人兴奋的新方式。 compare比较；manage完成；refuse拒绝；provide提供，根据空后的“exciting new ways”可知，应该是提供令人兴奋的新方式，故选D。 44．句意：作为回报，观众会忠于他们最喜欢的微录主。 With great care小心翼翼；In return作为回报；For the first time第一次；At present现在，根据空前的“Many vloggers work hard to be connected to their viewers.”和空后的“the viewers are loyal (忠诚的) to their favorite vloggers.”可知，应该是作为回报，故选B。 45．句意：更多时候，他们是“我们中的一员”：热爱时尚、想要分享想法的普通人。 serious严肃的；confident自信的；average普通的；traditional传统的，根据前文的“They typically don’t start out being famous.”可知，应该是喜欢时尚的普通人，故选C。 46．句意：例如，一个微录主可能会向观众展示如何搭配某些服装。 audience观众；citizen公民；staff工作人员；guests客人，根据“a vlogger might show the”可知，应该是向观众展示，故选A。 47．句意：她的YouTube频道上的视频已经获得了近2900万的观看量。 received收到；introduced介绍；respected尊重；mentioned提及。根据“almost 29 million views”可知，应该是指收到观看量，故选A。 48．句意：越南裔美国人Wendy Nguyen是另一个受欢迎的时尚视频博主，也是一个真正的成功故事。 love爱；fun趣事；success成功；life生活，根据后文的“Both women have millions of loyal followers who trust their advice on a number of topics.”可知，应该是真正的成功故事，故选C。 【真题练】 第一套 （2023·上海中考真题） 65. D 解析：根据上文 “Usually they get stored somewhere and forgotten.” 可知，玩具通常会被储存起来并被遗忘，为了避免这种情况，一些公司提供租用玩具的服务。A 选项 “remember” 意为 “记住”，B 选项 “prove” 意为 “证明”，C 选项 “explain” 意为 “解释”，都不符合语境，D 选项 “avoid” 意为 “避免”，符合句意。 66. A 解析：根据上文 “They think if lots of children play with the same toys” 可知，如果很多孩子玩同样的玩具，那么生产的玩具就会更少。A 选项 “produced” 意为 “生产”，B 选项 “collected” 意为 “收集”，C 选项 “compared” 意为 “比较”，D 选项 “noticed” 意为 “注意到”，都不符合句意，所以选 A。 67. D 解析：上文提到租用玩具对环境更好，因为制造玩具会消耗资源，下文又说分享玩具是保护环境的好方法，此处是递进关系。A 选项 “Therefore” 意为 “因此”，表示因果关系；B 选项 “However” 意为 “然而”，表示转折关系；C 选项 “Instead” 意为 “相反”，表示转折关系；D 选项 “Also” 意为 “也”，表示递进关系，所以选 D。 68. B 解析：根据下文 “This will save time to tidy up.” 可知，租用玩具会减少家里的杂乱。A 选项 “heat” 意为 “热量”，C 选项 “noise” 意为 “噪音”，D 选项 “fight” 意为 “打架”，都不符合句意，B 选项 “mess” 意为 “杂乱”，符合句意，所以选 B。 69. D 解析：根据上文 “The owner takes good care of the toy and every time he plays with it” 可知，主人会好好照顾自己喜欢的玩具，每次玩的时候，与玩具的联系会变得更强。A 选项 “worse” 意为 “更差”，B 选项 “easier” 意为 “更容易”，C 选项 “poorer” 意为 “更贫穷”，都不符合句意，D 选项 “stronger” 意为 “更强”，符合句意，所以选 D。 70. C 解析：根据上文 “and the delivery vans which take the toys around” 可知，运送玩具的货车会对环境造成污染。A 选项 “value” 意为 “价值”，B 选项 “jobs” 意为 “工作”，D 选项 “accidents” 意为 “事故”，都不符合句意，C 选项 “pollution” 意为 “污染”，符合句意，所以选 C。 第二套 （2022·上海中考真题） Choose the best answer and complete the passage（选择最恰当的选项完成短文）（12分） Star Woman Wang Zhenyi (王贞仪) (1768—1797) Have you ever heard of Wang Zhenyi? Perhaps most of us didn’t know this great name until she was introduced in a CCTV programme. Wang Zhenyi was a great Chinese ____61____. She was born in the Qing Dynasty. At that time, girls had no chance to get a formal education. However, her father and grandfather were open-minded. They thought girls should share equal opportunities with boys. They ____62____ her to read the books in their home library. Wang Zhenyi educated herself and read a lot about astronomy (the study of the stars, planets, etc.), maths, geography as well as medicine. Later, she decided to ____63____ astronomy. In her time, many people expected the stars to tell what was going to happen. They thought certain events in the sky, such as lunar eclipses(月食) happened when gods were angry. But Wang Zhenyi thought differently. She believed in facts and observation. In order to explain those “strange” events, she did some ____64____. In one, she used a round table as the Earth, a lamp as the Sun and a mirror as the Moon. She moved them around to show what ____65____ happens during a lunar eclipse: when the Earth is passing directly between the Sun and the Moon, the sunlight cannot reach the Moon and the Moon “disappears”. Throughout her short life, Wang Zhenyi wrote many articles about her research. In her articles, she explained difficult ideas in clear and ____66____ ways so that people could understand science more easily. She helped make science available to more people. 61. A. doctor B. scientist C. lawyer D. teacher 62. A. invited B. selected C. followed D. encouraged 63. A. rely on B. show off C. focus on D. talk about 64. A. exercises B. drawings C. reviews D. experiments 65. A. actually B. suddenly C. nearly D. recently 66. A. simple B. polite C. funny D. traditional 【答案】61. B 62. D 63. C 64. D 65. A 66. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了清朝著名女科学家——王贞仪。 【61题详解】 句意：王贞仪是一位伟大的中国科学家。 doctor医生；scientist科学家；lawyer律师；teacher老师。根据文章最后“She helped make science available to more people.”可知，王贞仪是一位科学家。故选B。 【62题详解】 句意：他们鼓励她阅读家里图书馆里的书。 invited邀请；selected选择；followed跟随；encouraged鼓励。根据上文“However, her father and grandfather were open-minded. They thought girls should share equal opportunities with boys.”可知，王贞仪的父亲和祖父思想开放，鼓励王贞仪阅读书籍；encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”。故选D。 【63题详解】 句意：后来，她决定专攻天文学。 rely on依赖；show off炫耀；focus on集中于，专注于；talk about谈论。根据上文“Wang Zhenyi educated herself and read a lot about astronomy (the study of the stars, planets, etc.), maths, geography as well as medicine.”可知，起初，王贞仪自学天文学、数学、地理和医学，后来她决定专注于天文学这一门学科。故选C。 【64题详解】 句意：为了解释那些“奇怪”的事件，她做了一些实验。 exercises练习；drawings图纸；reviews评论；experiments实验。根据下文“she used a round table as the Earth, a lamp as the Sun and a mirror as the Moon”可知，把一张圆桌作为地球，一盏灯作为太阳，一面镜子作为月亮，这是王贞仪为解释自然现象所做的实验。故选D。 【65题详解】 句意：她将它们四处移动，以展示月食期间实际发生的情况：当地球直接穿过太阳和月球之间时，阳光无法到达月球，月球“消失”。 actually实际上；suddenly突然；nearly几乎；recently最近。根据下文“when the Earth is passing directly between the Sun and the Moon…”可知，王贞仪在实验中验证月食期间实际发生的情况。故选A。 【66题详解】 句意：在她的文章中，她用清晰、简单的方式解释难懂的观点，让人们更容易理解科学。 simple简单的；polite礼貌的；funny有趣的；traditional传统的。根据下文“so that people could understand science more easily”可知，王贞仪以一种简单明了的方式让人们更容易理解科学。故选A。 第三套 （2021·上海中考真题） What do you need for an invention to be a success? To begin with, good timing is very 45 . You can have a good idea which the public doesn’t want yet. Take Giovanni Caselli as an example. He invented the first fax machine in the 1860s. Though the quality was excellent, his invention quickly 46 . The fax machine did not become a necessary piece of equipment in every office until the 1980s. Money also helps. The Frenchman Denis Papin had the idea for a steam engine almost a hundred years before James Watt was born. Denis never had enough money to 47 one. You also need to be patient. It took scientists nearly eighty years to invent a light bulb. 48 , you shouldn’t be too slow. In the 1870s, Elisha Gray developed plans for a telephone. Gray saw it only as “a beautiful toy”. When he finally sent details of his invention to the Patent Office (专利局) on February 14th, 1876, it was too 49 . Almost the same designs had arrived just two hours earlier. The young man who sent them was Alexander Graham Bell. He is remembered as the inventor of the telephone. Of course what you really need is a wonderful idea. If you haven’t got one, a walk in the countryside and a careful look at 50 can help. The Swiss scientist, George de Mestral, had the idea for Velcro (粘扣) when he found his clothes covered in sticky seed pods after a walk in the countryside. 45．A．interesting B．important C．personal D．satisfying 46．A．died B．improved C．spread D．appeared 47．A．deliver B．repair C．use D．build 48．A．However B．Instead C．So far D．At last 49．A．modern B．difficult C．late D．old 50．A．society B．nature C．pictures D．advertisements 【答案】 45.B 46．A 47．D 48．A 49．C 50．B 【分析】文章介绍了一项发明成功需要的几个条件。 45． 句意：首先，好的时机非常重要。 interesting有趣的；important重要的；personal个人的；satisfying满足的；根据“Though the quality was excellent, his invention quickly...The fax machine did not become a necessary piece of equipment in every office until the 1980s.”可知，发明的时机是很重要的，故选B。 46． 句意：虽然质量很好，但他的发明很快就销声匿迹了。 died死的；improved提高；spread传播；appeared出现；根据“The fax machine did not become a necessary piece of equipment in every office until the 1980s.”可知，传真机的发明销声匿迹了，故选A。 47． 句意：丹尼斯从来没有足够的钱建造一个。 deliver递送；repair修理；use使用；build修建；根据“Denis never had enough money”及句意可知，是没有钱建造蒸汽机，故选D。 48． 句意：然而，你不应该太慢。 However然而；Instead代替；So far到目前为止；At last最后；根据“It took scientists nearly eighty years to invent a light bulb.”以及“In the 1870s...The young man who sent them was Alexander Graham Bell.”可知，此处是转折关系，应用however连接，故选A。 49． 句意：当他最终于1876年2月14日将自己发明的细节提交给专利局时，为时已晚。 modern现代的；difficult困难的；late晚的；old老的；根据“Almost the same designs had arrived just two hours earlier.”可知，此处说的是提交的专利已经晚了，故选C。 50． 句意：如果你还没有，在乡间散步和仔细观察大自然会有所帮助。 society社会；nature自然；pictures图片；advertisements广告；根据“The Swiss scientist, George de Mestral, had the idea for Velcro (粘扣) when he found his clothes covered in sticky seed pods after a walk in the countryside.”可知，此处指的是“观察大自然”，故选B。 第四套 （2020年中考真题） How to Succeed in High School You have been familiar with the learning environment in your middle school, and it feels like home. So it is not always easy to say" 75 " to middle school. After entering high school, you may face some new challenges. The schoolwork may become more difficult and require greater skills. Most students need support. Teachers and parents may give you a hand. However, you can't 76 others all the time. What can you do？Here are some suggestions： Understand what kind of learner you are. Do you need silence to focus？Then make sure the TV is not on when you are studying. Provide yourself with a 77 learning environment at home. Some students focus better in the morning；others at night. Find the right 78 so that your efforts will work well. Learn to be better organized. It might be helpful when you get used to making a to—do—lit of all your schoolwork, and checking each item off when it is completed. Try to 79 your work. This will create smaller, more manageable tasks out of the larger ones. Big projects seem less difficult if they are done step by step. Form good reading habits. Read every day — the more, the better. It doesn't matter what you read. Reading newspaper regularly is a good choice. Newspapers provide plenty of details and background. 80 ,information you get from newspapers is usually official and true. High school life can be enjoyable. Old friendships might come undone and new ones will develop. Hope you will feel confident and perform well in high school! 75．A．hello B．bye—bye C．sorry D．thanks 76．A．care for B．depend on C．compete with D．worry about 77．A．warm B．clean C．quiet D．safe 78．A．time B．place C．habit D．skill 79．A．divide B．finish C．remember D．correct 80．A．For example B．In brief C．On average D．In addition 【答案】 75．B 76．B 77．C 78．A 79．A 80．D 【解析】 75． 句意：因此，对中学说“再见”并不总是那么容易。 hello喂；bye—bye再见；sorry对不起；thanks谢谢。根据“You have been familiar with the learning environment in your middle school”可知你已经熟悉了你的中学的学习环境，所以对中学说再见是不容易的。故选B。 76． 句意：但是，你不能一直依赖别人。 care for关心；depend on依赖；compete with与…竞争；worry about担心。根据前文“Most students need support．Teachers and parents may give you a hand”可知老师和家长可能会帮助你，结合转折词however，所以此处是指：你不能总是依赖别人。故选B。 77． 句意：在家里为自己提供一个安静的学习环境。 warm温暖的；clean干净的；quiet安静的；safe安全的。根据“Then make sure the TV is not on when you are studying”可知要确保你学习的时候电视没有开着，所以此处是指找一个安静的环境。故选C。 78． 句意：找到合适的时间，使你的工作顺利进行。 time时间；place地点；habit习惯；skill技巧。根据“Some students focus better in the morning；others at night”可知不同的学生需要的时间不一样，此处是指找到合适的时间，故选A。 79． 句意：尝试把工作分配一下。 divide分成；finish完成；remember记得；correct纠正。根据“This will create smaller，more manageable tasks out of the larger ones”可知这种方法可以将从大任务中创建更小、更易于管理的任务，所以此处是指把工作分成不同的类别。故选A。 80． 句意：另外，你从报纸上获得的信息通常是官方的和真实的。 For example例如；In brief简言之；On average平均；In addition另外。根据“…information you get from newspapers is usually official and true” 结合语境，可知是指：另外，你从报纸上得到的信息通常是官方的和真实的，故选D。 第五套 （2019年中考真题） B.Choose the best answer and complete the passage（选择最恰当的选项完成短文） This month，we had the honor of interviewing and six local change-makers aged from 11 to 17.These weren’t stopped by their age or size or lack of resources ，they saw a___50___ in the world around them and to step hep where they could.They support female soldiers raise money through their efforts，teach other kids about life lessons，and use their free time to___51___the old trees we love so dearly in the community.Each of them had adults in their lives encouraging and supporting their work. We were also honored to interview a famous writer for his new book，Start Now!You Can Be a Change-maker.The book explains some of the world's big problems-hunger， health and animals in danger-in a way that young children can understand.The book shows them，through other kids' stories，how they can make a ___52___，too.In our interview with the writer，he shares that each time his children take a small action，such as recycling，he talks with them.He uses the moment to discuss how small changes can achieve a great effect.It's a step any of us can take to help children realize how___53___ they are. At this time of year，we often hear lots of questions from parents.The most one is___54___，"What volunteer chances are there for young children under 16?”The kids in the interview and in the book show us that parents don't have to find an organized event for their kids to take part in.They can create their own chances.As parents，teachers，aunts， uncles，and friends，it's our job to ___55___ for what speaks to a child's heart，help them take that first step，and watch what their little hands can do. Start now，and you can raise a change-maker. Editor of PARENTS Magazine 50. A. sign B. need C. reason D. change 51. A. worry about B. climb up C. care for D. cut down 52. A. plan B. mistake C. decision D. difference 53. A. powerful B. generous C. happy D. active 54. A. private B. useful C. common D. rude 55. A. listen B. pay C. wait D. l eave 【答案】50. B 51. C 52. D 53. A 54. C 55. A 【解析】 50. 句意：他们没有因为年龄、规模或缺乏资源而停止，他们看到了周围世界的需求。 A. sign标志；B. need需要；C. reason原因；D. change改变。根据上文These weren’t stopped by their age or size or lack of resources可知下文是说需求。根据题意，故选B。 51. 句意：他们支持女性士兵通过努力筹集资金，教授其他孩子关于生活的课程，并利用空闲时间来照顾我们在社区中如此热爱的老树。 A. worry about担心；B. climb up爬山；C. care for在乎，关心；D. cut down砍倒。根据上文They support female soldiers raise moneythrough their efforts，teach other kids about life lessons可知下文是关心，照顾社区中的那棵老树。根据题意，故选C。 52. 句意：这本书通过其他孩子们的故事向他们展示了他们如何才能做出改变。 A. plan计划；B. mistake犯错误；C. decision决定；D. difference不同。根据上文The book explains some of the world's big problems-hunger， health and animals in danger-in a way that young children can understand.The book shows them，through other kids' stories可知，下文是展示他们如何改变，做出不同。短语make a difference，表示有影响，发挥作用。根据题意，故选D。 53. 句意：这是我们任何人都可以采取的一个步骤来帮助孩子们认识到他们有多强大。 A. powerful有动力的；B. generous慷慨的；C. happy高兴的；D. active积极的。根据上文It's a step any of us can take to help children realize可知这里是说他们有多强大。故选A。 54. 句意：最常见的是，“对于16岁以下的儿童，志愿者的机会有多大？ A. private私人的；B. useful有用的；C. common普通的；D. rude粗鲁的。根据上文At this time of year，we often hear lots of questions from parents.可知这里是说最普通的问题。 故选C。 55. 句意：我们的工作就是倾听孩子的心声，帮助他们迈出第一步，观察他们的小手能做些什么。A. listen听；B. pay支付；C. wait等；D. leave离开。根据下文for what speaks to a child's heart，help them take that first step，and watch what their little hands can do.可知这里是说倾听。根据题意，故选A。 2 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$