Unit 11 Period 7 Focus on Language （课件）-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版2019）

Period 7 Focus on Language—Modal Verbs & Verbs with Similar Meanings Unit 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 语境感悟 语法精讲 达标检测 语境 感悟 3 阅读以下短文，感知加颜色部分，并完成文后的练习 “What shall I read？” You might have asked yourself this question more than once.If you are not sure what to read，you can get ideas from different sources，but it is also important to develop your own taste. To start with，ask your friends，parents and teachers to recommend what books you ought to read.Most people will be happy to share their favourite books with others.Teachers in particular can provide suggestions for interesting reading materials that can be found in the library or bookshop easily.You could also read book reviews in newspapers，in magazines or online.A book review can often tell you whether a book is worth reading or not. These ideas should point you in the right direction.However，you must also decide for yourself what kind of books to read.You do not have to read a book just because everyone recommends it.Instead，look for books on topics that interest you.Take time to look through the collections in different sections of your local library，and you are likely to come across books you love to read.Over time，you may find yourself better able to seek out books to your taste and enjoy reading all the more. (1)以上加颜色词为________，这类词本身有词义，表示说话人的语气或情态，在句中不能单独用作_________，一般只能和_________一起构成谓语动词。 (2)情态动词一般无_____和____的变化，个别情态动词有现在时和过去时两种时态变化。 自主发现 情态动词 谓语动词 动词原形 人称 数 返 回 语法 精讲 8 情态动词 一、情态动词的概念 情态动词(Modal Verbs)本身有词义，表示说话人的语气或情态，如命令、允诺、请求、拒绝、愿望、意愿、义务、必要、可能、能力、敢于、需要等。情态动词有词义但词义不全，不能单独用作谓语动词，一般只能和动词原形一起构成谓语动词。 二、情态动词的特征 1.情态动词后面一般直接加动词原形，除了ought＋to do sth； 2.情态动词没有人称和数的变化，第三人称单数的现在时也无变化； 3.情态动词没有非谓语形式；即没有不定式、动名词或分词形式； 4.情态动词只有现在式和过去式两种形式，但可以表示现在、过去和将来时间。 三、情态动词的用法 1.can与could的用法 (1)表示能力：can表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力。 I can play basketball now，but I couldn’t when I was young. 现在我会打篮球了，但小时候我不会。 (2)表示请求和许可：could语气比can委婉，但回答时只能用can。 —Can/Could you lend me a hand? —Yes，I can. ——你能帮我一下吗？ ——我能。 (3)表示推测，意为“可能”。多用于否定句或疑问句。 —Can he be in the reading room now? —No，he can’t be in it.Because I saw him in the office just now. ——他现在可能在阅览室吗？ ——不，他不可能在(阅览室)。因为我刚刚在办公室看见他了。 (4)表示理论上或习惯上的可能性，意为“可能会”。I think some advertisements can be quite dangerous. 我认为有些广告可能会非常有害。 比较　can，be able to表示“能力”时的区别 can 用于指现在，常表示自身具有的能力。 be able to 用于各种时态，表示经过努力后所具有的能力。 Babies can swim when they are born. 婴儿们刚生下来时会游泳。(自身具有的能力) Without his hard work，he was not able to get good grades. 如果没有他的努力工作，他是不可能取得好成绩的。(经过努力) 2.may与might的用法 (1)表示征求对方的许可或允许(不用might)。 (2)表示推测(把握不大)，意为“可能”，多用于肯定句。might比may的可能性更小。 (3)may用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 —May I come in? —Yes，you may/can. ——我可以进来吗？ ——是的，你可以进来。 It may/might rain this afternoon.You’d better take a raincoat with you. 今天下午可能会下雨。你最好带上雨衣。 May you have a good journey! 祝你旅途愉快！ 注意　may表示“允许”时的否定形式是must not(不应该，不许可)。 —May I take this book out of the reading room? —No，you mustn’t. ——我可以把这本书拿出阅览室吗？ ——不行。 3.will与would的用法 (1)will用于将来时态的构成，表示意志、意愿、决心等，其过去式是would。 (2)would可以表示“过去常常做……”。 She will take part in the opening ceremony if she has free time tomorrow. 如果明天有时间，她愿意来参加开幕式。 I still remember my happy childhood when my mother would take me to Disneyland at weekends. 我还记得快乐的童年时光，当时妈妈常在周末带我去迪斯尼乐园。 4.should与ought to的用法 (1)表示责任或义务，意为“应该”。用于表示按道理应当，常指客观的义务或责任。ought to比should的语气重。 (2)表示劝告、建议或命令。should和ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。ought to的否定式为oughtn’t to或ought not to。 (3)表示推测。两者可换用。 You ought to/should follow the old man’s advice. 你应当听那位老人的建议。 You ought to/should go to the clinic at once.You don’t look well. 你脸色不好，应该马上到医务室去。 This is where the oil ought to/should be. 这里应该就是石油存在的地方。 5.shall的用法 (1)用于一、三人称的疑问句中，表示征求对方意见。 (2)用于二、三人称的陈述句中，表示允许、命令、警告和决心。 Shall I open the window in the sitting-room? 我可以打开客厅的窗户吗？ You shall return this book to the library before June 1st. 六月一号前你要把书还回图书馆。 Anyone shall be punished if he/she breaks the school rules. 任何人违反学校规定都将会受到惩罚。 6.must的用法 (1)表示命令或强烈的建议，意为“必须”。 All the students must obey the school rules. 所有学生必须遵守校规。 (2)表示十分肯定的推测，意为“一定；准是”。 Betty must be in the next room.I can hear her talking there. 贝蒂肯定在隔壁房间。我能听见她在那儿讲话。 (3)表示说话人的一种态度，意为“偏要；硬要；偏偏”。 Must you make so much noise when I have a rest? 你非得在我休息时弄出这么大的声音吗？ (4)must not表示禁止，意思是“不许”“不准”“不可以”等。 You mustn’t stop your car in the busy street. 你不能把车停在繁忙的路上。 注意　回答must问句时，肯定回答多用must；否定回答多用needn’t或don’t have to。 —Must I finish my homework before eight o’clock? —Yes，you must.(No，you needn’t./you don’t have to.) ——我必须要在8点之前完成作业吗？ ——是的，必须。(不，没必要。) 比较　must和have to (1)have to“不得不”，有时态、人称和数的变化，其否定形式为don’t/doesn’t/didn’t have to。 (2)have to表示一种客观的需要，而must表示一种主观的需要。 It’s too late.I have to go home now. 天色太晚了，我现在得回家了。 You don’t have to finish the work now. 你没有必要现在完成这项工作。 You must cut down on smoking. 你必须少抽些烟。 7.dare与need的用法 (1)need与dare用作情态动词时，一般只用于否定句与疑问句中。 (2)need与dare用作实义动词时有人称、数及时态的变化，其后多接带to的不定式，有时to也可省去(尤其是在否定句或疑问句中)。 How dare you talk to me in such a rude way? 你怎么敢这么粗鲁地跟我说话？ I wonder how he dares to say such things. 我纳闷他怎么竟敢说出这样的话来。 We don’t dare (to) say anything about the present situation. 对于目前的形势我们什么也不敢说。 You needn’t worry about him because he has been old enough to take care of himself. 你不必为他担心，他已经足够大能照顾自己了。 四、“情态动词＋have done”的用法 “情态动词＋have done”表示对过去事情的推测或者表示虚拟语气。各情态动词的这种具体用法如下表： can’t/couldn’t have done 过去一定未做(表推测) must have done 过去一定做了(表推测) may/might have done 过去也许做了(表推测) could have done 本能做而未做(表虚拟) should/ought to have done 本该做而未做(表虚拟) needn’t have done 本不必做而做了(表虚拟) He can’t/couldn’t have watched TV last night，for he knew he would have a test. 昨天晚上他不可能看电视，因为他知道就要考试了。 From what you said，she must have told you all about it. 从你所说的来看，她一定把一切都告诉你了。 He could have passed the exam，but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心了。 You should/ought to have told me earlier or I might have gone with them. 你本应该早点告诉我，不然的话我就会和他们一块去了。 I needn’t have cooked so much food.Nobody was hungry. 我本不必做这么多吃的，大家都不饿。 英语常用近义动词 动词是高考考查重点，在完形填空和写作中，动词词义辨析尤为重要。英语中有不少动词，意思相近，但是其真正的意义和用法还是有一定的差别。需要在平时的学习中注意区分。下面是英语中常用的近义动词。 1.accept，receive (1)accept表示主动自愿“接受” (2)receive强调“接到”或“收到” I am more than glad to receive your letter asking me about the Grown-up-ceremony. 我很高兴收到你的来信，询问我关于成人礼的事情。 Thanks a lot for your gift，and I will accept it with great appreciation. 非常感谢你送的礼物，我将怀着感激之情收下。 2.separate，divide (1)separate指把连在一起或混合在一起的东西分开，常与from连用 (2)divide指把一个整体分为若干部分，常与into连用 The whole class was divided into four groups at random. 全班被随机分成四个小组。 The infected patients must be separated from other people immediately. 被感染的病人必须立刻跟其他人分开。 3.wear，dress，put on (1)wear指穿衣、鞋袜或戴手套等，侧重穿戴的状态。 (2)dress指给自己或他人穿衣。 (3)put on指把衣服、鞋袜、帽子、手套等戴上去，侧重穿戴的动作。 Why does he always wear dark sunglasses? 他为什么总是戴着墨镜？ The mother dressed her baby in a beautiful red skirt. 母亲给她的宝宝穿上了漂亮的红裙子。 Put on your heavy winter coat if you must go out now. 如果你现在非要出去就穿上你的厚冬衣。 4.look，stare，glare，glance，gaze，peek (1)look“看，瞧”，一般用词 (2)stare侧重于因惊奇、羡慕等而睁大眼睛看 (3)glare指用愤恨、凶狠的目光怒视 (4)glance强调匆忙扫视或一瞥 (5)gaze指长时间目不转睛地看 (6)peek指瞥视；偷窥 Children should be taught not to stare at the disabled people. 应该教育孩子不要盯着残疾人看。 He didn’t shout but just glared at me silently. 他没有喊叫，只是默默地怒视着我。 He glanced at his watch and left the office in a hurry. 他匆匆看了下手表，然后匆忙离开了办公室。 They caught him peeking through the key pole when they came back. 他们回来时逮住他正在通过锁孔往里窥视。 5.carry，bring，take，fetch (1)carry指随身携带 (2)bring意思是“带来，拿来”(由远及近) (3)take意思是“带去，拿去”(由近及远) (4)fetch意思是“去取回来”(强调往返动作) One of the advantages of this kind of sun umbrella is that it is very easy to carry. 这种遮阳伞的优点之一就是便于随身携带。 You’d better bring your own bottle here in case the paper cups are not available. 你明天最好带自己的水杯过来以防纸杯不够用。 No one should take away whatever doesn’t belong to him or her. 任何人都不能拿走不属于自己的东西。 Wait for a moment，and I will fetch you some icy water to ease the severe heat. 稍等一下，我去给你取些冰水来缓解酷热。 6.choose，elect，pick，select (1)choose“选择”，一般用词，侧重于决定 (2)elect表示“选举，推选” (3)select侧重“精挑细选” (4)pick表示“挑选，挑拣” When it comes to buying living necessities，men tend to choose randomly while women will select carefully. 在购买生活用品时，男人往往会随意作出选择，而女人则会精挑细选。 Emmanuel Macron was elected French President again last week. 上周，以马内利·马克龙又当选为法国总统。 While listening to the song，pick some useful words and phrases. 听歌的时候，从中挑选一些有用的单词和短语。 7.happen，occur，take place，come about，break out (1)happen强调“碰巧发生” (2)occur表示“发生、想到、突然想起” (3)take place多表示按计划发生，意思是“举办，发生” (4)come about多表示事情已经发生过了，常用在否定句与疑问句中 (5)break out多指“(战争、争吵等)突然爆发” No one knows exactly what will happen next. 没有人确切地知道，接下来会发生什么。 It occurred to me that she has resigned from our company and couldn’t be bothered. 我突然想起她已经从我们公司辞职，不能再麻烦她了。 Great changes have taken place in our hometown in the past 10 years. 十年来我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 I’ll never understand how it came about that you should fail the exam. 我永远也不会明白你怎么会考试不及格。 A fire broke out in the hospital at midnight，fortunately causing no death or severe injuries. 午夜，医院发生了火灾，所幸，没有人员伤亡。 返 回 达标检测 语篇选词填空 W：I can’t find my keys and I’m late.There 1._______(might/would) be a lot of traffic in town so I need to hurry.They’re not in my bag so they 2.______(must/shall) be in the flat somewhere. M：Have you looked in the kitchen? W：They 3.______(can’t/mustn’t) be there because I haven’t been in the kitchen.They 4.______(would/might) be in the bedroom because I changed my clothes there or they 5.______(could/must) be on the table in the hall.I’ll go and look.No，they are not there. might must can’t might could M：Did you leave them in the car? W：They 6.______(can’t/needn’t) be in the car because I opened the door with them.They 7.______(shall/must) be there somewhere. M：I can’t see them.Let’s think.They 8.______(mustn’t/can’t) be in your coat pockets because you weren’t wearing one but they 9._______(had to/might) be in your jeans pockets.Have you looked there? W：Oh，thanks.They are here. can’t must can’t might 返 回 $$