Unit 5 Period 1 Reading and Thinking1-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选择性必修第四册（人教版2019）

Meet the New Boss: You Up until the 1980s, people in many countries regularly followed in their parents’ footsteps by working in the family business or joining the same profession as them. You’d follow your father to sea, onto the farm or into the workshop. You’d follow your mother into the kitchen or sewing room. In your grandparents’ time, there was the prospect1 of doing the same job from graduation until retirement. How times have changed! Most people now have no intention of following in their parents’ footsteps or even staying at one job for very long. In fact, planning to work in the same field or industry for your entire working life just isn’t practical anymore. One reason for this is technology. The skills you have now are unlikely to remain relevant and be enough to help you through your entire career. In fact, they will probably be out of date very soon. And then what will you do? Work hard? Win the lottery? Hope for the best? You might be lucky. These strategies might bring you a nice, comfortable life: working at a job you like, earning a decent salary and retiring while you’re still young and healthy. But most of us today have to look beyond the little box called “career”． If you think you can work eight hours a day and build a career, think again. You might be able to keep your job if you finish what you are asked to do, but this is hardly a recipe2 for great career success. Instead, you’d better keep looking for smarter ways to do your work. You’ll need to be a risk taker, an innovator3, a problem solver, and a hard worker. Keep doing this, and you can become an expert or a specialist in something one day. You have a chance to choose to build a career, rather than being told to stay or to go. Jobs and occupations4 come and go at an amazing pace these days. If you think you can’t be replaced by software, or your job can’t be outsourced5 to some robots on the moon, you are wrong. What if your job disappears after working for 10 years in the field? You may have to go back to the classroom and be retrained in order to qualify to work in another field. In fact, in all likelihood6, you will have to do this multiple times. But you can be prepared for developments and changes before you are thrown out of a career. It is entirely your choice to learn, or to be forced to learn. In short, if you want to succeed in a 21st century career, you will have to develop new essential skills. Lifetime security from one employer is no longer certain or even likely.The truth is that you are the boss of your career, and it is up to you to decide what you can do and how well you can do it. Are you ready for this?(选自北师大版新教材选择性必修第三册Unit 7) 词汇积累 1.prospect/'prɒspekt/n.可能性，希望 2．recipe/'resəpi/n.食谱，烹饪法；秘诀，诀窍 3．innovator/'ɪnəveɪtə/n.革新者；创新者 4．occupation/ˌɒkjə'peɪʃən/n.工作，职业 5．outsource/'aʊtsɔːs/vt.外包，外办 6．likelihood/'laɪklihʊd/n.可能，可能性 Period 1　Reading and Thinking—Reading Comprehension Ⅰ.匹配单词 1．aptitude　 A．a sum of money that sb owes 2．assemble B．direct sb/sth towards sth；make or adapt sb/sth for a particular purpose 3．debt C．a person whose job is to keep or check financial accounts 4．profile D．natural ability or skill at doing sth. 5．orient E．connected with drawings and design，especially in the production of books， magazines，etc. 6．graphic F．the outline of a person’s face when you look from the side，not the front 7．accountant G．come together as a group；bring people or things together as a group 答案　1.D　2.G　3.A　4.F　5.B　6.E　7.C Ⅱ.选词填空 1．I have been thinking about which major I should choose at university. 2．When you face forward from the cupboard，there is a chest of drawers with my radio on it. 3．All at once，the three children’s faces lit up and they set about bouncing around in the back seat，laughing and chatting. 4．This new glue bonds a variety of surfaces in seconds. 5．Focusing on what you are learning can make you become more outstanding. Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What’s the main idea of the passage? A．The answer to the question about what you do. B．Career aptitude test，a useful tool for career suggestions. C．An example of career aptitude tests. D．The best time to start considering possible careers. 答案　B Ⅱ.悉层次结构 Match the main idea with each part. Part 1(Paras.1－2)　 A．Working out one’s possible careers at a young age is important but not easy. Part 2Paras.3－6 B．Career aptitude tests are useful but they are only a guidance and the secret to a good career is one’s passion. Part 3Para.7 C．Career aptitude test is an effective way to work out your possible careers. 答案　Part 1 A　Part 2 C　Part 3 B Step 2　细读——逐段获取细节 Ⅰ.Read Paras.1－2 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．What is an essential exercise for adults? A．Meeting someone they don’t know. B．Making out who they are. C．Taking time to think about their careers. D．Being asked questions like “What do you do？” 答案　C 2．What is the best time to think about your possible careers? A．After you graduate from the college. B．When you are married. C．After you make your choice about your further education. D．When you are at school. 答案　D 3．Why is it not easy for students to think about their possible careers? A．They are too young. B．They seldom focus on it. C．They have done it before. D．They think it is of no use. 答案　B Ⅱ.Read Para.3－6 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．What can we see from the sentence “I wish I had thought more about what I really wanted to do.” in paragraph 3? A．He is doubtful. B．He is confident. C．He is regretful. D．He is optimistic. 答案　C 2．What kind of rule should you follow when you take an online “career aptitude test”？ A．Show great interest. B．Work with a lawyer. C．Be honest. D．Do it right. 答案　C 3．How do participants get their list of career suggestions? a．The code is used to generate a list of career suggestions. b．Their answers are analysed and divided up between 6 type of work personalities. c．The participant is given a chart showing their score of each type of work personality. d．The top three scores are used to make a code. e．The participants grade their preferences for a variety of work tasks. A．a，e，b，c，d B．e，b，c，d，a C．d，b，a，e，c D．c，e，b，d，a 答案　B Ⅲ.Read Para.7 carefully and do the following exercise. According to the author，what is the secret to a good career? A．It can pay you much. B．You are passionate about it. C．It requires flexible working time. D．It can develop your overall competence. 答案　B Ⅳ.Read the passage again and do the following exercises. 1．For whom is the text written? A．College graduates. B．Job hunters. C．High school students. D．Parents. 答案　C 2．What is the purpose of writing the text? A．To serve as an example. B．To give us some advice. C．To show us the difficulty of life. D．To explain why we should find a job. 答案　B Step 3　读后——讨论深度理解 1．Do you agree with the text when it says “The secret to a good career is finding something that you are passionate about.”？ Give your reasons.(Critical thinking) 2．What could be some problems with career aptitude tests? What other things could you do to help you decide on possible future careers? (Creative thinking) Step 4　总结——课文语法填空 As 1.an adult，one of the first questions you are asked by strangers is about career.This is because your career is a very important part in your life.The best time 2.to think(think) about possible careers is when you are still at school.One of the most 3.effective(effect) ways to learn about career path is to complete a “career aptitude test”．There are many free tests online.Some tests suggest careers 4.that/which you may be suited to，so give one a try.While 5.completing(complete) these tests，it is very important to be honest.One popular test asks the participants to grade their preferences for a variety of work tasks.Their answers are then analyzed.The participant 6.is given(give) a chart showing their scores for different personalities.The top three scores are used to make a code used to generate a list of career suggestions.The career suggestions are based on your education and experience level,7.but you can look at higher-level careers as well.This is a great tool to help plan your career and let you know what targets you need to reach to get there. In 8.conclusion(conclude)，career aptitude tests are 9.clearly(clear) a very useful tool.However，they are only meant for guidance.The secret to a good career is finding something that you are passionate 10.about. Step 5　解读——长句难句分析 1．This is because your career is a very important part of who you are. [句式分析]　此句是主从复合句。because引导表语从句；who 引导宾语从句。 [自主翻译]　这是因为你的职业是你身份的一个重要组成部分。 2．The career you have defines your life，and so taking time to think about it is an essential exercise for young people. [句式分析]　此句是由and连接的并列复合句。句中you have是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词career；taking time to think about it是动名词短语作主语。 [自主翻译]　你所从事的职业决定了你的生活，所以花点时间来思考它，对年轻人来说是一项至关重要的锻炼。 3．Some people know what they want to do from a young age，but many others just have a few ideas bouncing around in their heads. [句式分析]　此句是由but连接的并列复合句。句中what引导宾语从句；bouncing around in their heads是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰ideas。 [自主翻译]　有些人年轻时就清楚自己想做什么，但更多的人往往是只有一些想法在脑子里晃来晃去。 4．For example, you could look at the basic careers to see what work you might like now，and then look at the more advanced careers so you know what you may like to aim for in the future. [句式分析]　此句是由so连接的并列复合句。句中what work you might like now和what you may like to aim for in the future均为what引导的宾语从句。 [自主翻译]　例如，你可以考虑基础性的职业，以了解你现在可能喜欢什么工作，然后再考虑更高层次的职业，这样你就知道未来你可能想要以什么为目标。 5．This is a great tool to help plan your career and let you know what targets you need to reach to get there. [句式分析]　此句是主从复合句。句中动词不定式短语to help plan your career and...作tool的后置定语；what引导宾语从句。 [自主翻译]　这是一个很好的工具，可以帮助规划你的职业，让你知道你需要达成什么目标才能实现理想。 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A For high school students，just thinking about your career probably isn’t enough.You have to actively do some research and plan.Here are some of the best careers for the future and how you can get your foot in the door. Registered Nurses To become registered nurses，you’re going to need either an associate degree in nursing，a Bachelor of Science in nursing，or another officially approved diploma(文凭) from a nursing program.If you want to be a practicing physician，you’ll need a medical degree in your chosen field on top of your four-year degree. Data Analysts Big data is a growing field with profitable opportunities for college graduates.You are required to have a master’s degree in computer science or another related field.Data science is a traditionally male-dominated industry and only 26 percent are held by women.Thankfully，it is holding out an olive branch to females and there are some terrific programs specially designed for them to break into this dynamic field. Plumbers(管道工) and Electricians Not all of the best careers for the future will require a four-year undergraduate degree.There’s a serious demand for skilled positions jobs like plumbers and technicians.Many of these positions require a high school degree and often an associate degree in a related field，but don’t necessarily require graduation from a four-year university. Cybersecurity(网络安全) Experts The average salaries for cybersecurity experts can start at $80,000 for IT Security Consultants and can reach six figures for other positions such as a security director.The best way to start your path in cybersecurity is with a bachelor’s degree in computer science，information technology，engineering，or other related fields. 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章为高中生介绍了四种职业规划。 1．In which job will the gender distribution probably be more balanced? A．Data Analysts. B．Registered Nurses. C．Cybersecurity Experts. D．Plumbers and Electricians. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段的“Data science is a traditionally male-dominated industry and only 26 percent are held by women.Thankfully，it is holding out an olive branch to females and there are some terrific programs specially designed for them to break into this dynamic field.”可知，数据分析师这个行业的男女性别比例会更均衡一些。故选A。 2．To be a cybersecurity expert，which is the basic requirement? A．A master’s degree in computer science. B．A certificate of high school graduation. C．A bachelor’s degree in information technology. D．A diploma officially approved from a medical program. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句可知，从事网络安全员的工作，需要专业是计算机科学、信息技术、工程学或相关领域的本科学历毕业生。故选C。 3．Where is the text probably taken from? A．A health lecture. B．A school website. C．A job advertisement. D．A science magazine. 答案　B 解析　文章出处题。根据第一段“For high school students...how you can get your foot in the door.”可知，下文内容是讲给高中生的，目的是让高中生提前进行职业规划。所以推测此篇文章可能选自学校网站内容。故选B。 B In the digital age，opportunities are arising for everyone.However，only those putting plans into action can stay ahead.Alexandr Wang is one such example. Los Alamos National Laboratory was where Alexandr spent his childhood.Both his parents were physicists there.Alexandr，from a young age，had a sharp mind.As a kid，he was regarded as a math wizard(奇才) and competed in national math and computer competitions.Finishing high school，Alexandr entered MIT where machine learning and AI amazed him.He saw the potential(潜力) of AI，and was excited about how it could change the world.But it wasn’t making a real impact.His ambition to set up an enterprise committed to that was seeded then. At 17，he got the role of tech lead at Quora and dropped out of MIT.“I told my parents it was just going to be a thing I did for the summer.Obviously，it wasn’t，” Alexandr said.Surely，his parents were disappointed.They all knew he made that change filled with unexpected risks.But Alexandr said，“If you aren’t willing to take a risk now，then when？” Alexandr met Lucy Guo at Quora，with whom Alexandr founded Scale AI，which turned out to be a considerable success. In fact，at that time，there were various opportunities in the tech world.It was hard to decide which road they should go down.Then he and his team decided to take a different approach—instead of following diverse paths，they agreed to focus on one.They went with “imagery，computer vision and other kinds of sensor data”．And that is what made the company’s profits rise quickly.Scale AI has a net worth of about $7.3 billion at present，with Alexandr being the world’s youngest self-made billionaire. When asked lessons he’d like to share with founders，Alexandr stated there are a number of things.“The top one is always doing things that go with your values and how you want to build a company at the beginning.When you talk to investors(投资者) they’ll contribute advice that may go against your goal.Figure out your focus and what gets you started.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了Alexandr Wang创建了Scale AI公司，成为全球最年轻的白手起家的亿万富翁的故事。 4．What inspired Alexandr to build Scale AI? A．The work at Quora. B．His experiences at university. C．The influence of his parents. D．His talent for math and computer. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Finishing high school，Alexandr entered MIT...committed to that was seeded then.” 可知，是大学的经历激发了Alexandr创建Scale AI的抱负。故选B。 5．What is mainly talked about in paragraph 4? A．The key to the success of Scale AI. B．Challenges of Alexandr’s career. C．Alexandr’s great achievements. D．The process of founding Scale AI. 答案　A 解析　段落大意题。根据第四段中的“It was hard to decide which road...decided to take a different approach...And that is what made the company’s profits rise quickly.”可知，第四段主要介绍了Scale AI成功的关键——选择了正确的发展道路。故选A。 6．What did Alexandr advise founders to do? A．Stick to one particular direction. B．Keep an open mind on suggestions. C．Remain true to the original aim. D．Find a friend to start a company. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的最后三句可推知，Alexandr建议创业者要忠于自己的初衷。故选C。 7．Which of the following can best describe Alexandr? A．Clever and generous. B．Bravery and outgoing. C．Ambitious and sociable. D．Adventurous and determined. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“If you aren’t willing to take a risk now，then when？”可知，Alexandr敢于冒险、勇于尝试。再结合末段中他建议创业者坚定初心可知，他是意志坚定且敢于冒险的。故选D。 C From the age of five，Alison Mbekeani，now in Durham University for her PhD，dreamed of becoming a scientist.But becoming a mother to two children put a brake on her career.She does not expect to return to the lab until her children are 16.Dr.Mbekeani is not alone.One survey in 2019 found that child-care responsibilities led 29% of mothers with a child under 14 to reduce their working hours，compared with just 5% of fathers. In an ideal world，the government would not have to worry about any of this.Based on their preferences，parents would make a judgment over whether to outsource(外包) child-care or keep it in-house.The question for policymakers is whether parental behavior reflects actual preferences or it is driven by constraints(限制)． Constraints are an issue.Three in five nonworking mothers say that they would prefer to work，given the right child-care.Families had to fork out an average of ￡260 a week in 2021 for 50 hours of nursery care for a child under two.A tenth of households with a child under five report difficulty meeting such costs.As well as price，availability is a problem.Just 68% of local authorities in England report having enough child-care provision(供应) to serve parents who work full time. Besides child-care，the benefits that could flow from evening out the gender(性别) imbalance in child-care could also be pretty large.One recent study estimated the gains from shuffling men and women according to ability，pulling productive women into work and kicking unproductive men out.Astonishingly，it was calculated that Britain’s average output per worker could be as much as 30% higher. Cheaper child-care and gender-balanced responsibility in it are ways out to help mums into work，but policies would need to be designed to target really constrained parents.However，experts also add that giving children the best start in life means shorter，structured days full of interaction. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了妈妈们回归职场困难的原因，说明了如何帮助照顾孩子的妈妈们回归职场。 8．Why is the story of Alison mentioned? A．To confirm an idea. B．To develop the plot. C．To draw a conclusion. D．To introduce the topic. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段的“Dr Mbekeani is not alone.”并结合下文内容可知，第一段通过Alison的故事，引出本文话题：如何照顾孩子以帮助妈妈重回职场。故选D。 9．What is the government’s key focus about child-care problem? A．The influence of parents’ final decision. B．The difference of children’s preference. C．The balance of responsibility to do housework. D．The consistency of parental behavior and actual liking. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段末句可知，政府需要关注的是父母的养育行为是否真正反映了他们真实的偏好。故选D。 10．What does the underlined word “shuffling” mean in paragraph 4? A．Observing. B．Describing. C．Rearranging. D．Protecting. 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“pulling productive women into work and kicking unproductive men out”可知，“将有效率的女性纳入职场，并将没有效率的男性开除”是对画线词的解释，故可推知画线词表示“洗牌，重新安排”。故选C。 11．Which is a suggested solution to helping mums into work? A．Reducing child-care fees. B．Strengthening children’s responsibility. C．Shortening children’s structured days. D．Offering the best life start to children. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段首句可知，帮助妈妈们进入职场的建议解决方案之一是降低育儿费用。故选A。 Ⅱ.七选五 If you’re currently studying in senior high school，chances are that you’ve started thinking about what your career options might be for the future. 1 If you use a step-by-step plan，you can avoid choosing a college major that turns out to be nothing like you expected and head on a career path with more confidence and eventual success. Start with an Aptitude(能力) Test 2 Other people find reading，writing and learning languages easy.Taking an aptitude test，also known as a career test or career quiz，will help you determine where your study skills will help you best. You shouldn’t pigeonhole yourself into a profession just because a career test says it’s right for you. 3 However，aptitude tests often help you identify professions you might not have considered. Take a Personality Test Personality tests can help you figure out if you’re a natural leader or more of a follower. 4 How do you handle conflict? What about dealing with bullies or gossips? A personality test will help you decide if you might be comfortable working for a large corporation in a team environment，or as an entrepreneur(创业者) launching your own business. List Jobs That Interest You Write a list of jobs that interest you. 5 Be realistic，based on where you live and what your finances are.For example，if you want to start a restaurant，you’ll need hundreds of thousands of dollars.Working in a restaurant as a prep cook or taking cooking classes will help you see what the restaurant business is like and whether or not it might be right for you. A．It’s never too early for you to do so. B．Are you good at singing or drawing? C．Many people end up doing what they don’t like. D．For some people，subjects like math and science come easily. E．Do you like to work in groups，or are you better on your own? F．You shouldn’t avoid a career because a test says it’s not a good fit. G．They can be jobs you know nothing about but are fun or challenging. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了高中生可以如何确定未来的职业道路。 1．答案　A 解析　上文说明你可能在高中就已经考虑职业选择了，选项A“对你来说，这样做永远不会嫌早”承接上文，强调做好职业规划的重要性，符合语境。故选A。 2．答案　D 解析　空后一句提到了其他人的能力情况，选项D“对一些人来说，像数学和科学这样的科目很容易掌握”符合语境，选项中some people和下文中Other people相呼应，easily呼应后文的easy。故选D。 3．答案　F 解析　上文提到不应该轻率地根据职业测试的结果选定职业，选项F“你不应该因为一项测试说某职业不适合你而避开它”和上文话题一致，且都是以You shouldn’t开头，它们是并列关系。故选F。 4．答案　E 解析　上文说明性格测试能帮助你弄清楚你适合干什么，选项E“你喜欢团队合作，还是更喜欢独立工作？”承接上文，继续探讨你适合什么样的工作，且与空后的两个问句呼应。故选E。 5．答案　G 解析　上文建议列出感兴趣的工作，选项G“它们可能是你一无所知的工作，但很有趣或具有挑战性”承接上文，介绍这些列出的工作的特点。选项中They指代上文中的jobs。故选G。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$