Unit 12 Innovation培优提能限时练(5)-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版2019）

培优提能限时练(五) (限时：40分钟　满分：50分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Long Island Restaurants with Outdoor Igloos(冰屋) Smuggler Jack’s Igloo season at Smuggler Jack’s features sheltered，private dining with views of the Schmidt Canal.Igloos seat six to eight people and can be reserved for two-hour windows beginning at noon daily.A $25 fee applies all-day Sundays and after 4 pm Wednesdays and Thursdays；$50 Fridays－Saturdays.More information：516－798－6000，smugglerjacks.com. Mirabelle Tavern Mirabelle’s lone outdoor igloo this year is available for dining Wednesday through Sunday.It features cushioned wooden chairs，a coffee table，oversized pillows and plenty of lighting.The restaurant’s full menu is available.Igloo seats six people.$150 for two hours ($200 on holidays)，including a bottle of Prosecco with a food purchase.More information：631－751－0555，lessings.com. Coach Meeting House There’s a courtyard dressed in holiday lights with heated igloos，allowing guests the option to lounge inside or out.Each igloo has a couch，chairs and TV.Once in an igloo，guests can use a scannable QR code menu to allow for contactless ordering via their phones.Igloos seat six to ten people，with reservations for a minimum $200 spend.More information：516－588－9288，coachgrillandtavernoysterbay.com. Brew Cheese Located in an alleyway，the eatery has four igloos，which features greenery，lighting and a portable radiator.Customers order by calling the restaurant.Once the order is ready，a server brings it over.Reservations—1 hour and 15 minutes each—are encouraged；no fees；seats up to six comfortably.More information：631－239－1927，brew-cheese.com. 1．Which number should a group of nine people call for dinner? A．516－798－6000. B．631－751－0555. C．516－588－9288. D．631－239－1927. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据Coach Meeting House下面的“Igloos seat six to ten people...516－588－9288...”可知，一行九个人聚餐应该拨打516－588－9288。故选C。 2．In which restaurant of the following you can’t enjoy lighting? A．Smuggler Jack’s. B．Mirabelle Tavern. C．Coach Meeting House. D．Brew Cheese. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据Mirabelle Tavern下面的“...plenty of lighting”和Coach Meeting House下面的“There’s a courtyard dressed in holiday lights”以及Brew Cheese下面的“which features greenery，lighting and a portable radiator”可知，Smuggler Jack’s的介绍中没有提到享受灯光。故选A。 3．Where can the text be found? A．In a history book. B．In an art magazine. C．In a travel brochure. D．In an academic article. 答案　C 解析　文章出处题。根据本文标题Long Island Restaurants with Outdoor Igloos(冰屋)可知，本文主要介绍了长岛上的有室外冰屋的餐厅，由此可推知，可以在旅游手册上找到本文。故选C。 B (2023·河北石家庄高二期末) When the sun comes up over the castle of Rocca Calascio，a small mountain village high up in the Italian Apennines，it’s like a silent，magic wonderland.One such sunrise struck Franco Cagnoli with a spiritual calling that led him to go on a mission that affected both the village and him deeply. Rocca Calascio has seen no resident since 1957.Depopulation of rural or mountain villages in Italy began with the resettlement of villagers in the early 20th century，happening faster after World War Ⅱ when people were attracted to urban jobs. However，like many places，the area is enjoying a revival(复苏) and now home to some families.“To put it in romantic terms，there is a love story between me and the ancient building，” Cagnoli said as he showed visitors round the castle of Rocca Calascio.The castle，with foundations dating back about 1,000 years，is one of the highest in Europe.It began as a tower in a line of connected structures to control and protect the land that stretched inland from the Adriatic Sea. Cagnoli，now 39，first saw Rocca Calascio when he was 16.He was on a road trip to find himself.“I arrived here as the morning sun lit up the castle.I was blinded by the light and since that day something inside me has changed，” he said.“I thought it was the most beautiful place.I felt special energies，deciding to help its rebirth.” He’s now the castle’s caretaker and head of a cooperative whose members guide visitors. “Besides temporary visitors，the complete revival has much to do with permanent residents.People of the previous generation didn’t appreciate the land they lived on，” Valeria Befani，a resident in the village，said.“Today’s teenagers，like my children，are proud of their land and are happy if they can stay here.” 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Franco Cagnoli被日出的景色所震撼，于是决定帮助复兴一个意大利小山村。 4．What inspired Cagnoli to help revive Rocca Calascio? A．The impressive scene of the village. B．The historical importance of the castle. C．His adventure on a road to find himself. D．His love for ancient buildings and architectures. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段第二句和倒数第二段中的“I was blinded by the light and since that day something inside me has changed...deciding to help its rebirth.”可知，村庄的令人印象深刻的景色激励他决定帮助复兴这里。故选A。 5．How was Rocca Calascio affected by World War Ⅱ？ A．Its buildings were damaged. B．It got left behind in economy. C．It was known by more people. D．Its population loss speeded up. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，20世纪早期，意大利的乡村和山村人口剧减，第二次世界大战后，更多人离开农村前往城市，人口流失加快。故选D。 6．Why was the castle built? A．To attract people to visit. B．To strengthen coastal defense. C．To protect the connected structures. D．To reduce attack from outside enemies. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段末句可知，这座城堡最初是一排相连的建筑中的一座塔，其建造目的是控制和保护从亚得里亚海延伸到内陆的土地。故选B。 7．What might Befani agree with? A．Views of different generations vary greatly. B．Teenagers doesn’t appreciate their hometown. C．Reviving Rocca Calascio has a long way to go. D．The future of Rocca Calascio is full of promise. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Befani认为，彻底的复兴与长期居住的居民有很大关系，如今的青少年为罗卡卡拉西奥感到骄傲，而且乐于留在这里。由此可推知，罗卡卡拉西奥有了真正热爱它的居民，它的未来充满希望。故选D。 C Over the past decade or so，camera technology has become more and more integrated into our everyday lives.We use our phone camera to store memories and important information，and cameras help keep people safe while driving.Parallel parking is so much easier now that cars come with rearview cameras. However，up until now，cameras have also been limited.Wide field of vision cameras have been around since 2013，but these cameras only have a 180 degree field of vision，and can be clumsy(笨拙的)．They work by essentially merging images coming from two or more cameras.This can lead to distortions(失真)．In addition，using the cameras underwater also leads to distortion as light refracts differently underwater. According to Fast Company，the researchers turned to nature for inspiration.They began by studying the fiddler crab and its compound eye.Unlike humans，fiddler crabs can look in many directions at the same time，giving them a full 360 degree field of vision.In addition，fiddler crabs need to be able to see well both on land and in water. Dr Fredo Durand，a professor of electrical engineering and computer science at MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory，told Laser Focus World：“Amphibian creatures are particularly exciting because they need to operate in two environments with vastly different optical characteristics.It’s humbling to learn from nature how to address these challenges.” The result is a little black round ball of a camera that interprets and understands light in various ways.The scientists tested the camera’s capabilities by projecting a group of images onto the camera at different angles.They also immersed the camera halfway in a tub to test its underwater capabilities.It passed with flying colors. Though the camera is still in the early stages of its development and is not ready for commercial use，the hope is that it will eventually be used to help make cars safer by improving camera quality in general and improving camera capabilities in the rain. 语篇解读　本文为一篇说明文。研究人员从自然界中寻找灵感，研究并开发了一种新型相机，可以用来提高汽车的安全性。 8．Which is a limitation of the wide field of vision cameras? A．They occupy too much space. B．They consist of only two cameras. C．They can only be used underwater. D．They cover a limited field of vision. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“but these cameras only have a 180 degree field of vision”可知，宽景相机的缺点之一是视野有限。故选D。 9．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The surprising adaptability of the fiddler crab. B．The way of carrying out research into creatures. C．The advantages of the fiddler crab’s compound eye. D．The possibility of having a 360 degree field of vision. 答案　C 解析　段落大意题。通读第三段尤其是最后两句可知，招潮蟹可以同时看向多个方向，这让它们拥有360度的视野，而且在陆地和水中都有很好的视力，由此可知，本段主要描述了招潮蟹复眼的优点。故选C。 10．Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “immersed” in paragraph 5? A．Designed. B．Drowned. C．Repaired. D．Abandoned. 答案　B 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“in a tub to test its underwater capabilities”可推知，为了测试相机的水下性能，要将相机浸泡在水中，immerse与drown意思相近。故选B。 11．What is the author’s attitude towards the camera? A．Positive. B．Doubtful. C．Unclear. D．Carefree. 答案　A 解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段可知，虽然这款相机仍处于开发的早期阶段，但人们希望它最终能通过提高相机的整体质量和在雨天的性能，来帮助提高汽车的安全性。由此可知，作者对于这款相机的态度是积极的。故选A。 D A cap and trade system is a method for managing pollution，with the end goal of reducing the overall pollution in a nation，region，or industry.Many supporters of pollution control are in favor of the concept of such systems，arguing that well-designed cap and trade systems are extremely effective，and that they make sense economically as well. Under a cap and trade system，a government authority first sets a cap，deciding how much pollution in total will be allowed.Next，companies are issued credits，essentially licenses to pollute，based on how large they are，what industries they work in，and so forth.If a company comes in below its cap，it has extra credits that it may trade with other companies. For companies that come in below their caps，this system is great，because they can sell their extra credits，profiting while reducing their pollution.For companies that cannot get their pollution under control，the system punishes them for their excess pollution while still bringing overall pollution rates down.In a sense，the need to purchase credits acts as a fine，encouraging companies to reduce their emissions. By creating a cap，nations make it clear that they want to reduce overall emissions，rather than just fining companies for excessive emissions or trying to force all companies to reduce their emissions by a set percentage.Cap and trade systems allow for flexibility，which usually benefits the market.Some people view the concept as preferable to a taxation or fining system，because it is easier to administer and it results in a pollution reduction.These systems are most commonly used for carbon emissions，leading people to refer to it as “carbon trading”，and there is a potential for a global carbon trading market，in which more efficient nations could trade credits with other countries. 12．What can be inferred about the cap and trade system? A．It can greatly promote economy in a nation. B．It will soon be welcomed by all companies. C．It is well-designed and extremely effective. D．It is environmentally and economically friendly. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。由第一段第二句可知，支持控制污染的人认为这种系统很有效，在经济上也很有意义，可推知它是对环境和经济友好的。故选D。 13．What kind of companies can trade their extra credits? A．Those who always have more credits. B．Those whose overall pollution is below their caps. C．Those who have never been fined for overall pollution. D．Those who help other companies reduce their pollution. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。由第二段末句可知，那些总体污染低于它们的配额的公司可以交易它们的多余信用。故选B。 14．What do we learn from the last paragraph? A．The taxation and fining system now is out of use. B．Carbon trading is likely to be conducted among countries. C．Carbon trade is more effective than the cap and trade system. D．All the pollution will be reduced by the cap and trade system. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。由最后一段末句可知，这些系统最常用于碳排放，导致人们将其称为“碳交易”，并且有可能形成一个全球碳交易市场以供国家之间进行碳交易。故选B。 15．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Use of Credits in Reducing Pollution B．Efficient Ways to Manage Overall Pollution C．An Introduction of the Cap and Trade System D．Potential Application of the Cap and Trade System 答案　C 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是第一段首句可知，文章主要介绍了总量管制与交易制度，C项概括文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选C。 Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题；每小题 2.5分，满分 12.5 分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 As digital devices have taken over society，“keyboard activity” is now often recommended as a substitute(替代物) for early handwriting，a new study notes. 1 “Some schools in Norway have become completely digital，” notes Audrey Vander Meer，the new study’s leader，who works at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim. 2 The human brain has developed to interact with the world in as many ways as possible，she notes.She believes that young children should learn to write by hand successfully，and，at the same time learn to manage a keyboard. 3 Her new findings prove this.This is because writing and printing involve complex movements that activate more areas of the brain.The increased brain activity，“gives the brain more ‘hooks’ to hang your memories on，” she explains. Think about it.The same movement is required to type each letter on a keyboard.By comparison，when we write，our brain needs to think about and recover memories of each letter. 4 And we need to control our hands to press a pen or pencil to shape the different letters.All of these use and connect more areas of the brain. Along the way，these processes appear to “open the brain up for learning”，says Vander Meer. 5 She expresses her worries. Vander Meer also points out that taking notes by hand stimulates “visual note-taking”．Rather than typing blindly，the visual note-taker has to think about what is important to write down.Then，key words can be “interlinked (互连的) by boxes，and arrows，and supplemented by small drawings”． A．Young kids should learn several basic drawing skills. B．It is believed that typing may be easier for young children. C．Using a pen involves more of the brain than using a keyboard. D．It has to be done by hand，not necessarily typing on a keyboard. E．So learning through only one format—digital—could be harmful. F．She measures brain activity to better understand learning and behaviors. G．It is also necessary for us to use our eyes to watch what shapes we are writing. 1．答案　B 解析　根据上文可知，“键盘活动”现在经常被推荐作为早期手写的替代品，结合第二段首句“挪威的一些学校已经完全数字化”推知，B项“人们认为打字对小孩更容易”符合题意，承上启下，且其中的young children呼应上文的early。故选B。 2．答案　F 解析　上文提到了一位科学家和她的观点，后文开始说一些研究结论，比如人脑的机制等。由此推知，空处应该涉及一些关于大脑的研究方法。F项“她测量大脑活动以更好地理解学习和行为”符合题意。故选F。 3．答案　C 解析　下文指出手写涉及多方面大脑活动，刺激更多脑区，可推知空处涉及比较。所以C项“使用笔比使用键盘需要更多地调动大脑”符合题意。故选C。 4．答案　G 解析　上文提到人们在手写时大脑的活动，下文提到了手的活动。由此推知，空处话题应与上下文一致。G项“我们也有必要用眼睛观察我们正在书写的形状”符合题意，also表明与上文的并列关系。故选G。 5．答案　E 解析　根据下文“She expresses her worries.”推知，空处内容是关于数字化的危害。E项“因此，只通过数字化方式学习可能是有害的”符合题意，故选E。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$