Unit 10 Period 2 Lesson 1 Reading Comprehension-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版2019）

Strangers under the same roof? Does every dinner with your parents seem to turn into a battle? Have your once warm and open conversations become cold and guarded? Do you feel that you just cannot see eye to eye with them1 on anything? You are not alone. Heated arguments and cold silences are common between teenagers and their parents. Teenagers’ physical changes may result in such family tensions2. You may feel anxious that you are developing at a different rate to your friends, shooting up3 in height or getting left far behind. You might worry about your changing voice, weight problems or spots. When it all gets too much, your parents are often the first targets of your anger. It can be a big headache to balance your developing mental needs too. You enter a strange middle ground—no longer a small child but not quite an adult. You have both a new desire for independence and a continued need for your parents’ love and support. You feel ready to be more responsible and make decisions on your own. Unfortunately, your parents do not always agree and that makes you feel unhappy. “Why can’t they just let me go？” you may wonder. On the other hand, when you are struggling to control your feelings, you wish they could be more caring and patient—sometimes they forget that growing up is a rough ride. It can be difficult when your parents treat you like a child but expect you to act like an adult. All of this can lead to a breakdown4 in your relationship. Although sometimes it may seem impossible to get along as a family, you can take action to improve the situation. The key to keeping the peace is regular and honest communication. When you disagree with your parents, take a minute to calm down and try to understand the situation from their point of view. Perhaps they have experienced something similar and do not want you to go through the same pain. After you have thought it through5, explain your actions and feelings calmly, listen carefully, and address their concerns. Through this kind of healthy discussion, you will learn when to back down6 and when to ask your parents to relax their control. Just remember that it is completely normal to struggle with the stress that parent-child tensions create, and that you and your parents can work together to improve your relationship. The good news is that this stormy7 period will not last. Everything will turn out all right in the end, and the changes and challenges of your teenage years will prepare you for adulthood. (选自译林版新教材必修第一册Unit 2) 词汇积累 1.see eye to eye with sb与某人看法一致 2．tension/′tenʃn/n.紧张关系；紧张；拉伸 3．shoot up快速长高，蹿个儿 4．breakdown/'breIkdaʊn/n.(关系)破裂；故障 5．think sth through充分考虑；想透 6．back down承认错误，认输 7．stormy/'stɔːmi/adj.激烈争吵的 Period 2　Lesson 1 How Closely Connected Are We? —Reading Comprehension Ⅰ.匹配单词 1．clinic　　　　 A．to interrupt somebody when they are doing sth 2．conflict  B．to say that you are sorry for doing sth wrong or causing a problem 3．envy C．to wish that you have the same things or qualities that others have 4．disturb  D．lacking any definite plan，order or purpose 5．apologise  E．a series of connected things or people 6．theory F．serious disagreement or argument about something important 7．chain G．a formal set of ideas that are intended to explain why sth happens or exists 8．random H．a building where people go to receive medical advice or treatment 答案　1.H　2.F　3.C　4.A　5.B　6.G　7.E　8.D Ⅱ.选词填空 1．I want to make sure that the seniors could be connected to the world. 2．The companion whom you hang out with says a lot about what you are. 3．It’s said that the big grocery employs no more than a couple of dozen people. 4．Lack of scientific knowledge as well as his being careless caused a chain of serious mistakes. 5．His latest movie which was based on his own experience appealed to the audience the moment it was released. Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What is the text mainly about? A．How people in the world communicate with each other. B．What the theory of “Six Degrees of Separation” is and how it develops. C．How people in the world are connected. D．Why the theory of “Six Degrees of Separation” is put forward. 答案　B Ⅱ.悉层次结构 Match the main idea with each paragraph. Para.1　　 A．Stanley Milgram tested the theory successfully. Para.2 B．Who invented the theory? Para.3 C．What does “Six Degrees of Separation” refer to? Para.4 D．The result of Columbia University’s study. Para.5 E．How did the theory influence the entertainment industry? Para.6 F．How closely connected are you? Para.7 G．The result of the University of Milan’s study. 答案　Para.1 C　Para.2 B　Para.3 A　Para.4 E　Para.5 D　Para.6 G　Para.7 F Step 2　细读——逐段获取细节 Ⅰ.Read Paras.1－2 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．What’s the purpose of the first paragraph? A．To give suggestions. B．To introduce the topic. C．To add background information. D．To offer scientific data. 答案　B 2．Who was the first one to introduce the theory? A．A film star. B．Frigyes Karinthy. C．Two scientists. D．Stanley Milgram. 答案　B Ⅱ.Read Para.3 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．How was the result of the attempt of the two scientists in the 1950s? A．Satisfying. B．Disappointing. C．Inspiring. D．Fruitless. 答案　D 2．How did Stanley prove the theory? A．By asking a random sample of people to send parcels to the target stranger directly. B．By asking a random sample of people to send parcels to the target stranger indirectly. C．By choosing some certain people to send parcels directly. D．By choosing some certain people to send parcels indirectly. 答案　B 3．What is the significance of Stanley Milgram’s test? It was his research that inspired the phrase “Six Degrees of Separation”． Ⅲ.Read Para.4 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．Which is NOT influenced by the theory according to the text? A．Plays. B．Games. C．TV series. D．Songs. 答案　D 2．How did the author show the theory’s influence on the entertainment industry in this part? A．By giving examples. B．By making comparisons. C．By listing figures. D．By providing the results of the experiment. 答案　A 3．What do all the examples show? They show that many people have accepted the theory and try to explore it more. Ⅳ.Read Paras.5－7 and do the following exercises. 1．Fill in the chart according to Paras.5－7. When 2001 2011 Who (1)Columbia University (2)the University of Milan How They tried to (3)recreate Milgram’s experiment on the Internet.The experiment involved 24,163 email chains with 18 target people in 13 different countries. The experiment analysed the (4)relationship between 721 million social media users. Findings/Results The results confirmed that the (5)average number of links in the chain was six. 92% were(6)connected by only four stages，or five degrees of separation. 2.What do the two experiments have in common? A．They were both carried out on the Internet. B．They were carried out in the same university. C．Both of them were targeted at university students. D．Both of them were referred to as “Columbia Small-world Project”． 答案　A 3．Why does the writer ask the question in the last paragraph? A．To help readers recall the development of “Six Degrees of Separation”． B．To make readers relate themselves to the theory of “Six Degrees of Separation”． C．To persuade readers to agree with his/her opinions on the theory of “Six Degrees of Separation”． D．To encourage readers to have a contact with others. 答案　B Ⅴ.Read the whole passage again and do the following exercises. 1．How is the passage mainly organized? A．By cause and effect. B．By space order. C．By time order. D．By comparing. 答案　C 2．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To tell us people in the world are closely connected with each other. B．To persuade people to communicate with others in the world. C．To indicate communication only happens between seven to fifteen people. D．To prove people will seldom have a chance to meet a stranger. 答案　A Step 3　读后——讨论深度理解 1．Why did Milgram and Columbia University both label their experiments “Small-world”？(Critical thinking) 2．What can you learn from the theory of “Six Degrees of Separation”？(Creative thinking) Step 4　总结——课文语法填空 “Six Degrees of Separation” refers 1.to the theory that any person on Earth can be connected to any other person through a chain of no more than five other people.It was first talked about in a book 2.called(call) Everything Is Different in 1929，in which Frigyes Karinthy introduced the idea of friendship networks and his ideas influenced many of our early 3.impressions(impress) of social networks.In 1967，an American sociologist chose some people randomly in the middle of America and asked them to send packages to a stranger in the state of Massachusetts.Amazingly，it only took between five and seven people 4.to get(get) the parcels delivered.It was this research 5.that inspired the phrase “Six Degrees of Separation”．In the last few decades，the name of the theory 6.has been used(use) as the title of a play and then a film.Then，more films and TV programmes based on the concept were made and broadcast，among 7.which the Oscar-winning film Babel and the television series Lost were 8.particularly (particular) famous.In 2001，Columbia University tried to recreate Milgram’s experiment on the Internet.The results confirmed that the average number of links in the chain 9.was(be) six.The most recent experiment 10.was conducted (conduct) in 2011，which also confirmed the theory. Step 5　解读——长句难句分析 1．Research shows the average person only has regular communication with between seven and fifteen people，and that most of our communication is in fact with five to ten people who are closest to us. [句式分析]　此句是复合句。第二个and连接两个宾语从句作show的宾语，第一个宾语从句省略了引导词that；第二个宾语从句中含有一个who引导的定语从句，先行词是people。 [自主翻译]　研究表明，普通人只与7至15个人经常保持联系，而且其中大部分的交流实际上只发生在5到10个最亲近的人身上。 2．Once the parcel had been received by this person，he/she would send the parcel onto a contact of theirs until the parcel could be personally delivered to the correct person. [句式分析]　此句是复合句。once引导时间状语从句，意为“一旦”；主句中的theirs是名词性物主代词，相当于their contacts，意为“他们认识的人”，主句中的until引导时间状语从句。 [自主翻译]　一旦此人收到包裹，他或她就会将包裹再发给认识的人，直到该包裹被送到目标收件人手中。 3．It was this research that inspired the phrase “Six Degrees of Separation”． [句式分析]　此句是强调句型it was...that...，强调了主语this research。 [自主翻译]　正是这项研究启发了“六度分隔”这一说法。 4．The television series Lost also explored the idea of “Six Degrees of Separation”，as almost all the characters had randomly met each other，or had met someone the other characters knew，before they were all in the same plane crash. [句式分析]　此句是复合句。as引导原因状语从句；从句的主语是the characters，谓语动词是两个had met，the other characters knew是省略了引导词that的定语从句，其先行词是someone；before引导时间状语从句。 [自主翻译]　电视连续剧《迷失》也探讨了“六度分隔”的理论，剧中失事飞机上几乎所有人物此前都曾偶遇，或曾遇见其他人物认识的人。 5．How might you be connected to the driver of the bus you regularly take or the person who delivers your parcels? [句式分析]　此句是复合句。其中you regularly take是省略了关系词that/which的定语从句，修饰the bus；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词the person。 [自主翻译]　你与你经常乘坐的公交车司机或给你送包裹的人可能存在怎样的联系？ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A When I was a child，my grandmother often said interpersonal communication mattered.She backed that up with her own behavior，and she invested her time and energy in interacting with people.When she walked down the street，she spoke to everyone，whether an elderly or a child，speaking whether English or Spanish. However，as she aged，she noticed that most people wouldn’t have time for communication that’s longer than a 160-character text message，much less time to develop genuine friendships that last decades.In fact，people are barely speaking to one another nowadays.As much as I hate to admit it，I have noticed it too. My grandmother opened my mind to having a pen pal on the other side of the world.It all started in 2013 when I was at University of Southern California.I met with Kerstin Zilm，a German radio personality who wanted to interview me about being a student struggling financially.I didn’t know much about German culture or the German audience who would listen to the show，but I agreed to do so.I had internalized(使内在化) my grandmother’s concept and I felt this was another way of communication and that speaking about my story was better than keeping it to myself.You never knew who could learn from your life experiences. After the story aired，a woman named Renate reached out to Kerstin，inquiring how she could find me and help me financially with college.I was grateful，but my pride didn’t allow me to accept the money. However，I didn’t let the opening halt.Encouraged by Kerstin，I emailed Renate back，thanking her for her kindness.This was the beginning of a beautiful intercontinental friendship.From then on，Renate and I often emailed each other.And whenever I was in trouble，she was always there.She sent me virtual hugs at the moments when I needed them most.Though I have never met her in person，she is one of the most important people in my life. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。作者的祖母十分重视人与人之间的交流。在她的影响下，作者成功地结识了一位笔友，并与其建立了深厚的友谊。 1．What do we know about the author’s grandmother? A．She made lots of foreign friends. B．She valued family relationships. C．She liked to wander on the streets. D．She kept bonding with other people. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，作者的祖母投入时间和精力与人交流、沟通，故她总是与人保持着联系。故选D。 2．What does the author think of the people today? A．They show little respect to the elderly. B．They look forward to having a pen pal. C．They have limited communication with others. D．They like chatting through long text messages. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In fact，people are barely speaking to one another nowadays.As much as I hate to admit it，I have noticed it too.”可知，作者认为现在人与人之间的交流是有限的。故选C。 3．What made the author decide to accept the interview? A．Her grandmother’s wisdom. B．Her pen pal’s encouragement. C．Her poverty-stricken situation. D．Her curiosity about German culture. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段第四、五句可推断，是祖母的智慧影响作者并且促使作者决定接受采访的。故选A。 4．What does the underlined word “halt” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Continue. B．Appear. C．Extend. D．Stop. 答案　D 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词前的However表示转折以及后一句可知，作者没有接受Renate的资助，但作者不想让这段(故事的)开场就此停止，于是作者给她回了邮件。由此可知，halt 意为“停止”。故选D。 B (2023·湖南长沙雅礼中学高二校考期中) Saying farewell to someone you love，even for a night，can be difficult，much less saying goodbye for a lifetime or forever in death.Juliet bid Romeo adieu(再见) for the evening with the words，“Parting is such sweet sorrow.” Sweet sorrow is an oxymoron.But this seeming contradiction is true in the context of relationships. Relationships are based on feelings，emotions，and passion.Deep friendships and loving relationships are measured by the level of emotional attachment.Emotions intensify over time.People spend time with the people they like.The more one person likes another person，the closer the relationship becomes.Each person in the relationship receives an emotional benefit from knowing the other person. Saying goodbye means separating from the people who make up a significant part of your emotional identity.Separation，even a temporary absence，from the people you have a deep emotional connection with can cause sorrow because you will no longer be able to enjoy their company. The sweet side of saying goodbye is the emotional fulfillment of being in a close relationship.The time spent together is emotionally rewarding，especially if that person is seen as a soulmate.Humans are social beings.We seek the love and comfort of other people.Loneliness devastates the human condition and leads to sadness.Sad people will do anything they can to find fulfilling relationships.Likewise，happy people will do anything they can to maintain or enhance relationships.Here in lies the essential point of the emotional problem. The more intense relationships become，the more devastating the emotional loss that is felt upon separation.The exhilaration of relationships cannot be truly measured without experiencing the overwhelming loss of a deep emotional connection. Enjoy the company of the person you are with as long as you can; knowing the pain you will feel at the end of the relationship is the true measure of the relationship.If it doesn’t hurt to say goodbye，perhaps it wasn’t worth saying hello. 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文，通过莎士比亚戏剧的著名台词“Parting is such sweet sorrow”引出对人际关系的讨论，阐述分离的痛苦是衡量感情的尺度。 5．Which of the word group can create the same effect as “sweet sorrow”？ A．Icy cold. B．Clicking sound. C．Deafening silence. D．Endless speech. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句可知，sweet sorrow是一种矛盾的修辞方法。C选项中“deafening silence(震耳欲聋的沉默)”与之一致，同属于矛盾的修辞方法。故选C。 6．What can we learn from paragraph 3? A．Saying goodbye is unavoidable in our daily life. B．The companion of close friends can lessen sorrow. C．A person’s identity is connected with relationship. D．Separation is the sorrowful part of saying goodbye. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段可知，告别意味着同与你有深厚情感联系的人分离，即使这种分离是暂时的缺席，都会带来悲伤，由此可知，分离是告别时悲伤的部分。故选D。 7．What gives a person emotional satisfaction in social life? A．Making more communication with others. B．Building deep emotional connections with others. C．Comforting friends with love and intense feelings. D．Being a thoughtful person by standing in others’ shoes. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段第二、三句以及第四段前三句可知，与他人建立深厚的情感联系能使人在社交生活中获得情感上的满足。故选B。 8．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Sweet sorrow is very common in close relationships. B．The pain of separation is the measure of relationships. C．Human beings are eager to get emotional fulfillment. D．Happiness is meaningless without sadness to compare it. 答案　B 解析　主旨大意题。 通读全文尤其根据最后一段可知，文章通过“告别”带给人看似矛盾的情感体验这一现象，通过对比等写作手法，深入分析了痛苦这种情感体验在人际关系疏密中的作用。B选项“分离的痛苦是衡量感情的尺度”能够概括文章主要内容。故选B。 C (2023·河南平顶山高二统考期末) Jeffrey Hall，a professor at the University of Kansas，came up with the Communicate Bond Belong theory，which states that we all feel the need to belong and that both the amount of time and the type of activity shared with a partner are key investments to help us meet that need. Hall set out to quantify(量化) the requirements of friendship in two separate studies.The first included 355 adults who had moved to a new place within the previous six months.Hall asked them to identify someone new they had met.It couldn’t be a family member，romantic interest，or someone they’d known previously.The participants told where they met this person，how much time they’d spent together the previous week and how much time they spent together in a typical week.They also classified the person from acquaintance(熟人) to best friend. In the second study，Hall invited 112 University of Kansas freshmen and asked them to name two new acquaintances.Then he followed up twice over the first nine weeks of the school year to measure time spent with those new acquaintances and see how the relationships had changed. The results of both studies confirmed that time spent together was associated with closer friendships.“I was looking for cut-off points，” says Hall，“where there was a 50% greater likelihood you switch from acquaintance to casual and from casual to friend，then again from friend to best friend.” He found that it took about 50 hours of interaction to move from acquaintance to casual friend，about 90 hours to move from casual friend to friend，and more than 200 hours to qualify as best friend.Those who never got beyond being acquaintances usually had spent no more than 30 hours together. On the other hand，time together didn’t automatically(自动地) make two people friends.Some adults reported spending more than a thousand hours with colleagues but still called those people acquaintances.Basically，they just didn’t like them very much.Or they had no relationship outside of work. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了杰弗里·霍尔教授提出了归属感理论，该理论认为，我们都有归属感的需求，与同伴待在一起的时间和共同参与的活动类型都是帮助我们满足这种需求的关键。 9．What did Jeffrey Hall aim to find out through his studies? A．The ways to keep a friendship healthy. B．The sense of belonging between partners. C．The activities that help form a friendship. D．The time needed to develop a friendship. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二和第三段及第四段第一句可知，杰弗里·霍尔的目的是通过他的研究弄清楚发展友谊需要的时间。故选D项。 10．What do we know about the participants in Hall’s study? A．They were of the same age group. B．They lived in the same community. C．They were newcomers to a certain place. D．They were newly admitted into a university. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“The first included 355 adults who had moved to a new place within the previous six months.”以及第三段中“In the second study，Hall invited 112 University of Kansas freshmen...”可知，霍尔研究的参与者都是某地的新来者。故选C项。 11．How much time is needed to develop a relationship from acquaintance to friend? A．140 hours. B．90 hours. C．50 hours. D．200 hours. 答案　A 解析　数字计算题。根据倒数第二段中“He found that it took about 50 hours of interaction to move from acquaintance to casual friend，about 90 hours to move from casual friend to friend”可知，从相识到成为朋友需要50＋90＝140小时。故选A项。 12．Why did some adults fail to develop a friendship with others according to the last paragraph? A．They were too busy at work. B．They showed no interest in each other. C．There existed competition between them. D．They lived far away from each other. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，他们与同事没有成为朋友是因为他们只是不太喜欢他们，或者他们在工作之外没有任何关系。即有些成年人不能与他人发展友谊是因为他们对彼此都不感兴趣。故选B项。 Ⅱ.七选五 Active listening is a way of communicating that can increase understanding between a speaker and a listener.Its goal is to have an open sharing of ideas and feelings.It shows respect and consideration for the person speaking. Active listening is very useful for family members.Family members often develop bad listening habits.They react to each other based on what they expect the other person to say rather than on what is actually said. 1 2 Miscommunication or lack of understanding between co-workers can lead to hurt feelings，making it difficult for people to work together.Active listening can solve such issues and create greater understanding and team spirit among co-workers. For example，someone is unexpectedly rude to their co-worker，or seems inconsiderate of their needs.The co-worker might feel hurt，angry and even dislike that person.Active listening can help resolve such problems. 3 Meanwhile the co-worker is given a chance to explain and maybe even apologize. It could be that the rude co-worker was going through a difficult time and was unaware of how bad his or her behavior was.By listening respectfully，another person might learn more about that co-worker’s situation. 4 In this way，situations that could turn into major conflicts instead lead to greater understanding. Sometimes people do not communicate with those they are close to because they fear the other person’s reaction.Rather than saying，for example，“It really hurts my feelings when you behave like that way”，the partner might say nothing at all in order to avoid a fight. 5 If the partners actively listen to each other，though，they can fully explain how they feel，and this can help avoid any hurt feelings. A．Active listening can also be useful in the workplace. B．Active listening provides a way to break this pattern. C．However，the hurt feelings remain and can build up over time. D．So the family can be expected to be harmonious. E．You can be sure that co-worker’s problems must all be solved. F．It allows a person to say how they feel about their co-worker’s behavior. G．And he also gains that co-worker’s appreciation for the willingness to listen. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是积极倾听是一种交流方式，可以增进说话者和倾听者之间的理解，也表示对说话者的尊重和关心。 1．答案　B 解析　根据本段第一句可知，积极倾听对家庭成员很有用；而下文告诉我们目前的倾听习惯是不好的。所以空处应该是回到本段主题，也就是积极倾听对家庭之间的交流有好处。选项B“积极倾听提供了一种打破这种模式的方法”符合段意，与上文一致。故选B。 2．答案　A 解析　空处为段首句，为本段中心句。根据下文“同事之间的沟通错误或缺乏理解会导致感情受伤，使人们很难在一起工作。积极的倾听可以解决这些问题，并在同事之间建立更好的理解和团队精神”可知，本段主要讲述的是积极倾听在职场上的作用。选项A“在职场中，积极倾听也很有用”符合本段中心句。故选A。 3．答案　F 解析　根据上文可知，本段主要是举例说明积极倾听可以帮助解决和同事之间存在的问题。而空后“Meanwhile the co-worker is given a chance to explain and maybe even apologize.”指的是同事得到机会解释或道歉。选项F说的是可以说出对同事行为的感受，接着引出同事的解释。所以选项F与上下文一致。故选F。 4．答案　G 解析　根据上文可知，此处讲述的是通过尊重地倾听，另一个人可能会更多地了解这位同事的情况。选项G“他还因为愿意倾听而获得了同事的赞赏”是上文的延续，说明了积极倾听能够获得对方的赞赏。两者结合起来有助于避免冲突，加深理解。故选G。 5．答案　C 解析　空前讲述的是有时候人们心里难受，却不愿说出来。选项C“然而，受伤的感觉仍然存在，并会随着时间的推移而加深”承上说明受伤的感觉会一直存在；同时引出下文说明倾听的好处——如果搭档愿意彼此倾听，他们就不会有受伤的感觉。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$