精品解析：浙江省丽水市遂昌中学2024-2025学年高一上学期1月期末英语试题

遂昌中学2027届高一年级第一学期期末测试 英语试题卷 本试卷分为第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)。第I卷1至8页，第II卷9至10页。 第I卷 注意事项： 1. 答第I卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卷上。 2. 选出每小题答案后，用铅笔将答题卷上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一个小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. When will the flowers come out probably? A. In February. B. In March. C. In May. 2. What is the weather like probably? A. Sunny. B. Cloudy. C. Rainy. 3. Why does the man refuse to buy a new cellphone now? A. He’s waiting for the latest iPhone. B. He likes his old one very much. C. He is short of money. 4. How will the speakers go to the cinema? A. By taxi. B. By bus. C. By underground. 5. What time is it now? A. 8:45. B. 9:00. C. 9:15. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What will the girl eat tonight probably? A. Beef. B. Bread. C. Tomato. 7. How does the man feel about the girl? A. Worried. B. Proud. C. Annoyed. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. What’s the relationship between the speakers? A. Workmates. B. Classmates. C. Shop assistant and customer. 9. Why does the man look different? A. He has lost some weight. B. He’s wearing a new coat. C. He’s wearing glasses. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. What can we know from the conversation? A. The woman got her ideas from a cook book. B. The man is probably a regular customer. C. The man has never been to the shop before. 11. What desserts does the man choose to buy? A. Lemon pie and strawberry cake. B. Strawberry cake and green tea cupcake. C. Green tea cupcake and lemon pie. 12. How much should the man pay in total? A. $3. B. $4. C. $7. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In an office. B. In a shop. C. In an apartment. 14. What did the man do in his last job? A. A car salesman. B. A clothing designer. C. An English teacher. 15. How does the man learn things about his new career? A. Through the Internet. B. From his friend. C. From college books. 16. What’s the man’s advice to the woman in the end? A. Deciding what she likes to do. B. Finding information about writing. C. Being confident about herself. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. Where is Loch Ness? A. In Scotland. B. In England. C. In Northern Ireland. 18. What’s the most well-known theory about Nessie? A. It’s a survived dinosaur. B. It’s a genetically altered monster. C. It’s an undiscovered large fish. 19. What does the professor think of Nessie’s stories? A. It’s very convincing. B. It’s not true. C. It needs more proof. 20. What does the speaker mainly talk about? A. Scientists trying to uncover the Nessie mystery. B. How the stories of Nessie coming into being. C. A professor’s new discoveries about Nessie. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节 （共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并将答题卡上的相应选项涂黑。 A My favourite Books —Posted by Catherine Chung.a great writer Stories of Your Life and Others by Ted Chiang This collection contains several maths stories. The one I recommend is Division By Zero,about Jane Parkinson,a brilliant German mathematician.To her great despair,she ends up proving that mathematics is inconsistent and is able to prove that any two numbers are equal.A beautiful,thought-provoking(发人深省的)story about belief,understanding，and faith. The Housekeeper and the Professor by Yoko Ogawa It's about a woman who comes to work for a once-great mathematician.Due to a brain injury,he has only 80 minutes of short-term memory available to him before he forgets everything. It is filled with beautiful maths,simply and clearly described alongside finely drawn relationships between the characters. Too Much Happiness by Alice Munro Kovalevskaya was a 19th-century mathematician at a time when women were not allowed in most of Europe to attend university. She married a man who promised to take her to Germany to study. She made major contributions to the field and became the first woman in Russia to obtain a doctorate in mathematics. The Ore Miner's Wife by Karl Iagnemma It is about a miner who thinks he's discovered the proof to the problem: construct a square,equal in area to a given circle. His wife, not knowing what has suddenly taken his attention and his time, fears he is being unfaithful. A moving exploration of the joys of entering a problem whole and the desire and impossibility of truly knowing those we love. 1. What does"I"refer to in Paragraph 1? A. Catherine Chung. B. Ted Chiang. C. Jane Parkinson. D. Yoko Ogawa. 2. Which book is about a pioneering Russian woman mathematician? A. Stories of Your Life and Others. B. The Housekeeper and the Professor. C. Too Much Happiness. D. The Ore Miner's Wife. 3. What do the listed books have in common? A. They tell love stories. B. They involve mathematics. C They explore human relationship. D. They reveal people's inner world. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章以My favourite Books为题，介绍了作家Catherine Chung最喜欢的书籍。 【1题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章标题“My favourite Books—Posted by Catherine Chung.a great writer(我最喜欢的书由——Chung发布。一个伟大的作家)”可知，本文是以作家Catherine Chung为第一视角的记叙文，介绍她喜欢的书，由此可推知文中的第一人称I，指的是Catherine Chung，故选A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Too Much Happiness by Alice Munro段落内容“Kovalevskaya was a 19th-century mathematician at a time when women were not allowed in most of Europe to attend university. She married a man who promised to take her to Germany to study. She made major contributions to the field and became the first woman in Russia to obtain a doctorate in mathematics.(科瓦列夫斯卡娅是一名19世纪的数学家，当时欧洲大部分国家都不允许女性上大学。她嫁给了一个答应带她去德国学习的人。她在这一领域做出了重大贡献，成为俄罗斯第一位获得数学博士学位的女性。)”可知，Too Much Happiness 这本书是关于俄罗斯女数学家的先驱科瓦列夫斯卡娅的，故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据Stories of Your Life and Others by Ted Chiang段落内容中的“This collection contains several maths stories.(这本合集里有几个数学故事。)”；The Housekeeper and the Professor by Yoko Ogawa段落内容中的“It's about a woman who comes to work for a once-great mathematician.(故事讲的是一个女人为一位曾经伟大的数学家工作。)”；Too Much Happiness by Alice Munro段落内容中的“Kovalevskaya was a 19th-century mathematician(科瓦列夫斯卡娅是一名19世纪的数学家)”以及The Ore Miner's Wife by Karl Iagnemma段落内容中的“It is about a miner who thinks he's discovered the proof to the problem: construct a square,equal in area to a given circle. (它是关于一个矿工的，他认为自己发现了问题的证明:构造一个正方形，面积等于一个给定的圆。)”可知，列出的书籍具有的共同点是它们都包括数学。故选B。 B Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it’s just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch. Unfortunately, banks’ lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult. After a bruising encounter with Congress, America’s Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement. Bob Herz, the FASB’s chairman, cried out against those who “question our motives.” Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls “the use of judgment by management.” European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did “not live in a political vacuum” but “in the real word” and that Europe could yet develop different rules. It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. The truth will not be known for years. But bank’s shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains. 4. Bankers complained that they were forced to do what? A. follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules B. collect payments from third parties C. cooperate with the price managers D. reevaluate some of their assets. 5. According to the author, the rule changes of the FASB may result in . A. the diminishing role of management B. the revival of the banking system C. the banks’ long-term asset losses D. the weakening of its independence 6. According to Paragraph 4 what is the attempt that McCreevy objects to the IASB’s? A. Keep away from political influences. B. Evade the pressure from their peers. C. Act on their own in rule-setting. D. Take gradual measures in reform. 7. What does the author think the banks were “on the wrong planet” ? A. Misinterpreted market price indicators B. Exaggerated the real value of their assets C. Neglected the likely existence of bad debts. D. Denied booking losses in their sale of assets. 【答案】4. A 5. A 6. C 7. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍关于银行与会计准则制定者之间关系，银行家们将自身问题归咎于会计准则制定者，认为其规则迫使银行报告巨额损失，并分析了相关规则变化及各方态度。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it’s just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch. (银行家们一直在公开场合为自己的困境自责。在幕后，他们一直在瞄准另一个人：会计准则制定者。银行抱怨说，他们的规则迫使他们报告巨额亏损，这是不公平的。这些规则规定，它们必须按照第三方愿意支付的价格对某些资产进行估值，而不是按照管理机构和监管机构希望这些资产获得的价格。) ” 可知银行抱怨会计准则制定者的规则迫使他们以第三方愿意支付的价格评估资产，这让他们报告了巨额损失，即遵循不利的资产评估规则，故选A。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“After a bruising encounter with Congress, America’s Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement. (在与国会的激烈交锋之后，美国财务会计准则委员会（FASB）匆匆通过了规则变更。这使银行在使用模型评估非流动性资产方面有了更大的自由，在损益表中确认长期资产损失方面也有了更大的灵活性。)”可知FASB经过努力使国会通过了一些变革，这些变革赋予了银行更多的权利，也就是说对银行的管理更为松散，所以推断可能导致管理作用减弱，故选A。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did “not live in a political vacuum” but “in the real word” and that Europe could yet develop different rules. (欧盟委员查理•麦克里维（Charlie McCreevy）警告IASB，它并非“生活在政治真空中”，而是“生活在现实世界中”，欧洲仍有可能制定不同的规则。)” 可知欧洲有可能制定不同的规则，故推断欧洲对这个问题有自己独立的法律法规。故选C。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. The truth will not be known for years. (是银行走错了星球，它们的账户严重高估了资产。如今，他们认为市场价格夸大了损失，因为它们主要反映的是市场暂时的流动性不足，而不是坏账的可能程度。真相要过很多年才会大白于天下。)”可知作者批判银行认为市场价格夸大了损失，而忽略了坏账，所以作者认为银行走错了星球意思是忽视了可能存在的坏账。故选C。 C Although the top men in smuggling business must work together, most of a syndicate’s small fry, especially the mules, know only their immediate contacts. If caught there is little they can give away. A mule probably will not even know the name of the person who gives him his instructions, nor how to get in touch with him. Usually he even does not know the person to whom he has to make delivery. He will be told just to sit tight in a certain hotel or bar until someone contacts him. In this way if he is blown, coming through airport customs he cannot unwittingly lead agents to the next link in the chain. All the persons at the receiving end do is to hang around the airport among the waiting crowd, and see that the mule comes through safely. If he does not, he is dimply written off as a loss. To make identification of mules easier, several syndicates have devised their own “club ties” so that a mule wearing one can immediately be picked out. Mules often receive careful training before embarking on their first journey. One Beirut organization, for example, uses a room with three airline seats in it. There the trainee mules sit for hours on end wearing weighted smuggling vests beneath their clothes, so that they become accustomed to standing up after a long flight in a natural way, and without revealing what they are carrying. An outfit in Brussels maintained a comfortable apartment where the mules could relax and get a firm grip on themselves on the night before their first journey; they were helped to dress before setting out for the airport in the morning. More often than not a courier will not know precisely where he is going or what flight number is until he is actually handed his tickets at the airport. This prevents the careless boast in some bar or to a girl friend the night before. Mules occasionally run off with the goods to keep the profit themselves. As insurance against this, a syndicate often sends a high-up on the same plane to keep a wary eye on couriers, particularly new ones. Even then things can go badly wrong. One international currency smuggler who was having trouble getting money out of Britain was offered help by a group of men who said they were in a position to “fix thing”— for a fee of course. Foolishly, the smuggler agreed to accept their help. 8. What is a “mule”? A. A person who sends smuggling goods for a syndicate is called mule. B. A person in charge of smuggling goods is called mule. C. A person who makes delivery for a syndicate is called mule. D. A person who receives instructions from a smuggler is called mule. 9. The sentence underlined in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to . A. if he is arrested. B. if he is recognized, but not necessarily arrested. C. if he is recognized and arrested. D. if he runs away. 10. Why does the author give an example in the last paragraph? A. To show how a smuggler is caught. B. To show a smuggler is afraid of the police. C. To show to keep a wary eye on couriers is useless. D. To show mules may keep the profit for themselves. 11. How does a mule work? A. Jointly. B. Independently. C. Consciously. D. Separately. 【答案】8 C 9. B 10. D 11. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕走私集团中“骡子”——受雇携带走私物品的人，这一角色展开，详细地说明了走私集团内部的一些运作模式和特点。 【8题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“Although the top men in smuggling business must work together, most of a syndicate’s small fry, especially the mules, know only their immediate contacts. If caught there is little they can give away.(尽管走私行业的高层人物必须相互合作，但走私集团中的大多数小喽啰，尤其是那些“骡子”（指被雇用来携带走私物品的人），只认识他们直接接触的人。如果被抓，他们能供出的信息也很少)”可知，“mule”是为犯罪集团送货的人，他们只知道直接联系人，通常不知道收货人的信息。故选C。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“He will be told just to sit tight in a certain hotel or bar until someone contacts him. In this way if he is blown, coming through airport customs he cannot unwittingly lead agents to the next link in the chain.(他只会被告知在某家特定的酒店或酒吧里耐心等待，直到有人与他联系。这样一来，如果他在通过机场海关时被发现有问题，他也不会在不知不觉中带领执法人员找到走私链条上的下一个环节)”可知，骡子只会被告知在某家特定的酒店或酒吧里耐心等待，直到有人与他联系。这样做的目的是如果他在通过机场海关时被发现有问题（即被识破身份），他也不会在不知不觉中带领执法人员找到走私链条上的下一个环节。选项B“if he is recognized, but not necessarily arrested.(如果他被认出，但不一定被逮捕)”与此相符。故选B。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Mules occasionally run off with the goods to keep the profit themselves. As insurance against this, a syndicate often sends a high-up on the same plane to keep a wary eye on couriers, particularly new ones. Even then things can go badly wrong. One international currency smuggler who was having trouble getting money out of Britain was offered help by a group of men who said they were in a position to “fix thing”--- for a fee of course. Foolishly, the smuggler agreed to accept their help.(“骡子”们偶尔会带着货物逃跑，自己独吞利润。为了防范这种情况，走私集团常常会派一名高层人员搭乘同一架飞机，密切监视这些“骡子”，尤其是新来的“骡子”。即便如此，事情有时还是会出大问题。有一个国际货币走私犯在将钱带出英国时遇到了麻烦，这时一群人主动提出可以帮他“解决问题”——当然是要收取一定费用的。这个走私犯愚蠢地同意接受他们的帮助)”可知，骡子偶尔会带着货物逃跑以自己独吞利润，为了防范这种情况，走私集团常常会派一名高层人员搭乘同一架飞机，密切监视这些“骡子”，即便如此事情还是可能会出大问题。接着举例说明即使有高层监视“骡子”，“骡子”仍有可能出现带着货物或利益跑掉的情况，也就是“骡子”可能会为自己保留利润。故选D。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“A mule probably will not even know the name of the person who gives him his instructions, nor how to get in touch with him. Usually he even does not know the person to whom he has to make delivery.(一个“骡子”甚至可能不知道给他下达指令的人的名字，也不知道如何与那个人取得联系。通常情况下，他甚至不知道要把东西交给谁)”可知，骡子们通常只知道自己直接的联系人，甚至不知道给自己下指令的人是谁，也不知道要把货物交给谁，他们只是按照指示在特定的地点等待联系，各自独立行动，彼此之间没有紧密的协作关系，是分散地开展工作的。故选D。 D Imagining being asked to spend twelve or so years of your life in a society which consisted only of members of own sex. How would you react? Unless there was something definitely wrong with you, you wouldn’t be too happy about it, to say the least. It is all the more surprising therefore that so many parents in the world choose to impose such abnormal conditions on their children conditions which they themselves wouldn’t put up with for one minute! Any discussion of this topic is bound to question the aims of education. Stuffing children’s heads full of knowledge is far from being foremost among them. One of the chief aims of educations is to equip future citizens with all they require to take their place in adult society. Now adult society is made up of men and women, so how can a segregated school possibly offer the right sort of preparation for it? Anyone entering adult society after years of segregation can only be in for a shock. A co-educational school offers children nothing less than a true version of society in miniature. Boys and girls are given the opportunity to get to know each other, to learn to live together from their earliest years. They are put in a position where they can compare themselves with each other in terms of academic ability, athletic achievement and many of the extra-curricular activities which are part of school life. What a practical advantage it is(to give just a small example)to be able to put on a school play in which the male parts will be taken by boys and the female parts by girls! What nonsense co-education makes of the argument that boys are cleverer than girl or vice-versa. When segregated, boys and girls are made to feel that they are a race apart. Rivalry between the sexes is fostered. In a coeducational school, everything falls into its proper place. But perhaps the greatest contribution of co-education is the healthy attitude to life it encourages. Boys don’t grow up believing that women are mysterious creatures-airy goddesses, more like book-illustrations to a fairy-tale, than human beings. Girls don’t grow up imagining that men are romantic heroes. 12. What is the best title for this passage? A. Only co-education can be in harmony with society. B. People are in great need of co-education. C. Any form of education other than co-education is simply unthinkable. D. Co-education has many features. 13. What does co-education offer to children? A. A society. B. A true small model of society. C. A real life. D. A version of social condition. 14. According to the passage, what is one of the chief aims of education? A. It is for students to acquire knowledge. B. It is to equip future citizens with scientific technology. C. It is to equip future citizens with what is required in getting a position in society. D. It is for students to get academic achievements. 15. Why do boys and girls in co-education have no illusion about each other? A. They live together and know each other too well. B. Years of living together at school dismiss such illusion. C. Co-education encourage them to have an healthy attitude toward life. D. They are familiar with each other’ s problems. 【答案】12. C 13. B 14. C 15. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章文章探讨了男女同校教育为孩子提供社会缩影，让其相互了解、共同生活、多方面比较，且有打破性别谬论、避免对立等实际优势，最大贡献是培养健康生活态度，消除孩子对异性的不切实际幻想 。 【12题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Imagining being asked to spend twelve or so years of your life in a society which consisted only of members of own sex. How would you react? Unless there was something definitely wrong with you, you wouldn’t be too happy about it, to say the least. It is all the more surprising therefore that so many parents in the world choose to impose such abnormal conditions on their children conditions which they themselves wouldn’t put up with for one minute!( 想象一下，你被要求在一个只有同性成员的社会中度过12年左右的时间。你会有什么反应？至少可以这么说，除非你确实有什么问题，否则你不会太高兴的。因此，更令人惊讶的是，世界上有这么多父母选择把这种不正常的条件强加给他们的孩子，而这些条件他们自己一分钟也不能忍受！)”可知，文章开篇提出想象在单性别社会生活十几年的情况，引出很多父母让孩子接受单性别教育这一现象，然后通过论述教育的目的是让孩子为进入成人社会做准备，而成人社会由男女组成，单性别学校无法提供合适的准备，接着阐述了男女同校教育的诸多优势，如提供真实社会的缩影、培养正确态度等，强调除了男女同校教育外，其他教育形式难以想象。C选项“除了男女同校教育外，任何形式的教育简直难以想象”，符合文章主旨，适合作为文章的标题。故选C项。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“A co-educational school offers children nothing less than a true version of society in miniature.( 男女同校的学校为孩子们提供了一个真实的社会缩影。)” 可知，男女同校的学校为孩子们提供了一个真实的社会缩影。故选B项。 14题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“One of the chief aims of educations is to equip future citizens with all they require to take their place in adult society.( 教育的主要目的之一是使未来的公民具备在成人社会中占有一席之地所需的一切知识。)”可知，教育的主要目的之一是让未来的公民具备在成人社会中立足所需的一切。故选C项。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Boys and girls are given the opportunity to get to know each other, to learn to live together from their earliest years. They are put in a position where they can compare themselves with each other in terms of academic ability, athletic achievement and many of the extra-curricular activities which are part of school life.( 男孩和女孩有机会相互了解，从他们最早的几年开始就学会一起生活。他们被置于一个可以在学术能力、运动成绩和许多课外活动方面相互比较的位置，这些都是学校生活的一部分。)”以及最后一段“Boys don’t grow up believing that women are mysterious creatures-airy goddesses, more like book-illustrations to a fairy-tale, than human beings. Girls don’t grow up imagining that men are romantic heroes.( 男孩在成长过程中不会相信女人是神秘的生物——飘渺的女神，更像是童话里的插图，而不是人类。女孩在成长过程中不会把男人想象成浪漫的英雄。)”可推知，男女同校的男生和女生对彼此没有幻想是因为在学校共同生活多年打消了这种幻想。故选B项。 第二节 （共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution. Spencer argued that all worldly phenomena, including human societies, changed over time, advancing toward perfection.______16______. American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late 1800s. Morgan, along with Taylor, was one of the founders of modern anthropology. In his work, he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies.______17______. In the early 1900s in North America, German-born American anthropologist Franz Boas developed a new theory of culture known as historical particularism. Historical particularism, which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures, gave new direction to anthropology. ______18______. Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture. ______19______. Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology, largely through the influence of many students of Boas. But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism. Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few, especially gifted peoples that, according to diffusionists, then spread to other cultures. ______20______. A. Other anthropologists believed that cultural innovations, such as inventions, had a single origin and passed from society to society. This theory was known as diffusionism. B. In order to study particular cultures as completely as possible, Boas became skilled in linguistics, the study of languages, and in physical anthropology, the study of human biology and anatomy. C. He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the “survival of the fittest,” in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies. D. They also focused on important rituals that appeared to preserve a people’s social structure, such as initiation ceremonies that formally signify children’s entrance into adulthood. E. Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families, forms of marriage, categories of kinship, ownership of property, forms of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved. F. Supporters of the theory viewed as a collection of integrated parts that work together to keep a society functioning. G. For example, British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry incorrectly suggested, on the basis of inadequate information, that farming, pottery making, and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world. 【答案】16. C 17. E 18. A 19. B 20. G 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了不同时期的文化进化理论及其代表人物。 【16题详解】 上文“Spencer argued that all worldly phenomena, including human societies, changed over time, advancing toward perfection. (斯宾塞认为，所有的世俗现象，包括人类社会，都会随着时间的推移而发生变化，朝着完美的方向发展)”说明了斯宾塞的进化观点，C项“He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the “survival of the fittest,” in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies. (他认为，人类进化的特点是一种他称之为“适者生存”的斗争，在这种斗争中，较弱的种族和社会最终必须被更强大、更先进的种族和社会所取代)”进一步阐明斯宾塞的进化观点，其中“He”照应上文“Spencer”，衔接恰当。故选C项。 【17题详解】 上文“Morgan, along with Taylor, was one of the founders of modern anthropology. In his work, he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies. (摩根和泰勒是现代人类学的奠基人之一。在他的作品中，他试图展示文化的各个方面是如何在社会的演变中一起变化的)”说明了摩根的文化进化理论，E项“Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families, forms of marriage, categories of kinship, ownership of property, forms of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved. (因此，在他看来，文化的各个方面，如家庭结构、婚姻形式、亲属类别、财产所有权、政府形式、技术和粮食生产系统，都随着社会的发展而变化)”衔接上文，进一步解释文化进化理论，其中“diverse aspects of culture”照应上文“all aspects of culture”，衔接恰当。故选E项。 【18题详解】 上文“In the early 1900s in North America, German-born American anthropologist Franz Boas developed a new theory of culture known as historical particularism. Historical particularism, which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures, gave new direction to anthropology. (20世纪初，在北美，德国出生的美国人类学家弗朗茨·博阿斯发展了一种新的文化理论，称为历史特殊主义。历史特殊主义强调一切文化的独特性，为人类学的发展指明了新的方向)”说明了人类学家弗朗茨·博阿斯提出了新的理论，A项“Other anthropologists believed that cultural innovations, such as inventions, had a single origin and passed from society to society. This theory was known as diffusionism. (其他人类学家认为，文化创新，如发明，有一个单一的起源，并从一个社会传到另一个社会。这个理论被称为扩散论)”衔接上文，说明了除了人类学家弗朗茨·博阿斯的观点外，其他人类学家的观点，衔接恰当。故选A项。 【19题详解】 上文“Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture. (鲍亚士认为，任何社会的文化都必须被理解为独特历史的结果，而不是属于更广泛的进化阶段或文化类型的许多文化中的一种)”说明了鲍亚士的文化观，他认为任何文化都具有独特性，B项“In order to study particular cultures as completely as possible, Boas became skilled in linguistics, the study of languages, and in physical anthropology, the study of human biology and anatomy. (为了尽可能完整地研究特定的文化，鲍亚士精通了语言学(研究语言)和体质人类学(研究人类生物学和解剖学))”衔接上文，说明鲍亚士为了研究文化的独特性做出的努力，衔接恰当。故选B项。 【20题详解】 上文“Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few, especially gifted peoples that, according to diffusionists, then spread to other cultures. (有些人把几乎每一项重要的文化成就都归功于少数人的发明，特别是有天赋的民族，根据传播论者的说法，这些发明后来传播到其他文化)”说明了一些人的观点，认为重要的文化成就都来自少数人的发明，然后传播到世界各地，G项“For example, British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry incorrectly suggested, on the basis of inadequate information, that farming, pottery making, and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world. (例如，英国人类学家Grafton Elliot Smith和W. J. Perry在信息不充分的基础上错误地认为，农业、制陶和冶金术都起源于古埃及，然后扩散到世界各地)”用具体的例子证明了上文一些人的观点，衔接恰当。故选G项。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 In 1924 American’ National Research Council sent to engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting ___21___ workers productivity. Instead, the studies ended ___22___ giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect”, the extremely influential idea that the very ___23___ to being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior. The idea arose because of the ___24___ behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to ___25___ of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not ___26___ what was done in the experiment; ___27___ something was changed, and productivity rose. A(n) ___28___ that they were being experimented upon seemed to be ___29___ to alter workers’ behavior ____30____itself. After several decades, the same data were ____31____ to econometric the analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store ____32____ the descriptions on record, no systematic ____33____ was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to ____34____ interpretation of what happed. ____35____ , lighting was always changed on a Sunday. 21. A. affected B. achieved C. extracted D. restored 22. A. at B. up C. with D. off 23. A. truth B. sight C. act D. proof 24. A. controversial B. perplexing C. mischievous D. ambiguous 25. A. requirements B. explanations C. accounts D. assessments 26. A. conclude B. matter C. indicate D. things 27. A. as far as B. for fear that C. in case that D. as long as 28. A. awareness B. expectation C. sentiment D. illusion 29. A. suitable B. excessive C. enough D. abundant 30. A. about B. for C. on D. by 31. A. compared B. shown C. subjected D. conveyed 32. A. contrary to B. consistent with C. parallel with D. peculiar to 33. A. evidence B. guidance C. implication D. source 34. A. disputable B. enlightening C. reliable D. misleading 35. A. In contrast B. For example C. In consequence D. As usual 【答案】21. A 22. B 23. C 24. B 25. C 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. C 30. D 31. C 32. A 33. A 34. D 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了1924年美国国家研究委员会在芝加哥附近的霍桑工厂进行的一系列工业实验，以及这些实验如何导致了“霍桑效应”的发现。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们希望了解车间照明如何影响工人的生产率。A. affected 影响；B. achieved 实现；C. extracted 提取；D. restored 恢复。根据上文“In 1924 American’ National Research Council sent to engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago.”可知，他们希望了解车间照明如何影响工人的生产率。故选A。 【22题详解】 考查介词辨析。句意：相反，这些研究最终以“霍桑效应”（Hawthorne effect）命名，这是一个极具影响力的观点，即实验本身就会改变受试者的行为。A. at 在；B. up 向上；C. with与；D. off 离开。根据下文“giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect””可知，这些研究最终以“霍桑效应”（Hawthorne effect）命名。end up doing sth最终做某事。故选B。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，这些研究最终以“霍桑效应”（Hawthorne effect）命名，这是一个极具影响力的观点，即实验本身就会改变受试者的行为。A. truth 真相；B. sight 景象；C. act 行为；D. proof 证明。根据下文“behavior”可知，实验本身就会改变受试者的行为。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种想法源于霍桑工厂中女性的令人困惑的行为。A.controversial 有争议的；B. perplexing 令人困惑的；C. mischievous 恶作剧的；D. ambiguous 模棱两可的。根据下文“According to ___5___ of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed.”可知，这是令人困惑的行为。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据实验的记录，她们的每小时产量在照明增加时上升，但在照明减弱时也上升。A. requirements 要求；B. explanations 解释；C. accounts 记录；D. assessments 评估。根据下文“the experiments”可知，实验是有记录的。故选C。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：实验中所做的并不重要。A. conclude 得出结论；B. matter 重要；C. indicate 表明；D. things东西。根据下文“__7___ something was changed, and productivity rose.”可知，实验中所做的并不重要。故选B。 【27题详解】 考查连词辨析。句意：只要有所改变，生产率就会上升。A. as far as 就……而言；B. for fear that 唯恐；C. in case that 以防；D. as long as 只要。根据上文“their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed.”可知，只要有所改变，生产率就会上升。故选D。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们意识到自己正在被实验，这似乎足以改变工人的行为。A. awareness 意识；B. expectation 期望；C. sentiment 情感；D. illusion 幻觉。根据下文“they were being experimented”可知，他们意识到自己正在被实验。故选A。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们意识到自己正在被实验，这似乎足以改变工人的行为本身。A. suitable 合适的；B. excessive 过度的；C. enough 足够的；D. abundant 丰富的。根据上文“A(n) ___8___ that they were being experimented upon”可知，意识到自己正在被实验，这似乎足以改变工人的行为。故选C。 【30题详解】 考查介词辨析。句意：他们意识到自己正在被实验，这似乎足以改变工人的行为本身。A. about 关于；B. for 为了；C. on 在……上；D. by 通过。本句表示“本身”，by oneself符合题意。故选D。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：几十年后，同样的数据又进行了计量经济学分析。A. compared 比较；B. shown 展示；C. subjected 使服从，遭受；D. conveyed 传达。根据下文“econometric the analysis”可知，样的数据被用于计量经济学分析。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查短语辨析。句意：霍桑实验还有另一个令人惊讶的地方，与记录中的描述相反，没有系统的证据表明生产率水平与照明变化有关。A. contrary to 与……相反；B. consistent with 与……一致；C. parallel with 与……平行；D. peculiar to 特有的。根据“surprise”可知，与记录中的描述相反。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：霍桑实验还有另一个令人惊讶的地方，与记录中的描述相反，没有系统的证据表明生产率水平与照明变化有关。A. evidence 证据；B. guidance 指导；C. implication 暗示；D. source 来源。根据下文“levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting”可知，没有系统的证据表明生产率水平与照明变化有关。故选A。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实证明，进行实验的特殊方式可能导致对所发生事情的误导性解释。A. disputable 有争议的；B. enlightening 有启发性的；C. reliable 可靠的；D. misleading 误导性的。根据上文“no systematic ___13___ was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting”一会下文“peculiar way of conducting the experiments”可知，进行实验的特殊方式可能导致对所发生事情的误导性解释。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：例如，照明总是在周日改变。A. In contrast 相比之下；B. For example 例如；C. In consequence 因此；D. As usual 像往常一样。根据下文“lighting was always changed on a Sunday.”可知，这是在举例子。故选B。 第II卷 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第二节 （共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式. One of the most endangered animals in the world is the Siberian tiger, _______36_______ (know) as the Northeast Tiger in China. There are less than 500 of these beautiful animals still living in the wild. The Siberian tiger is the largest of all tigers. _______37_______ adult male can grow up to 3.3 meters in _______38_______ (long) and weigh as much as 300 kilograms. Long ago, Siberian tigers were all over Northeast Asia and Russian Far East. _______39_______, today they are found mainly along the Chinese-Russian border and _______40_______ (possible) in North Korea. The main reason for their decrease in numbers is the disappearance of their natural habitat. Fortunately, steps _______41_______ (take) to save this magnificent creature in recent years and as a consequence numbers are _______42_______ the rise. There is also a fairly large population of Siberian tigers in zoos, some of _______43_______ are expected to be reintroduced to the wild. Of course, they would need to learn how to hunt and take care of _______44_______ (they), and this is easier said than done. Another big issue is the problem of space. At present, there just is not enough _______45_______ (spoil) forest available to support reintroducing many Siberian tigers into the wild. 【答案】36. known 37. An 38. length 39. However 40. possibly 41. have been taken 42. on 43. which 44. themselves 45. unspoiled##unspoilt 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了西伯利亚虎以及人们采取措施拯救这种神奇的生物。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：西伯利亚虎是世界上最濒危的动物之一，在中国被称为东北虎。本句系动词为is，此处为非谓语动词，且Siberian tiger与know“知道”为被动关系，应用过去分词。known as“被称为，以……而闻名”，为固定短语。故答案为known。 【37题详解】 考查冠词。句意：一只成年雄性可以长到3.3米长，体重可达300公斤。此处泛指“一只成年雄性”，且adult以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an，位于句首，首字母大写。故答案为An。 【38题详解】 考查名词。句意：一只成年雄性可以长到3.3米长，体重可达300公斤。in length“长度”，为固定短语。故答案为length。 【39题详解】 考查副词。句意：然而，今天它们主要分布在中俄边境，也可能在朝鲜。前后句是转折关系，应用however“然而”，位于句首，首字母大写。故答案为However。 【40题详解】 考查副词。句意：然而，今天它们主要分布在中俄边境，也可能在朝鲜。本空用副词possibly“可能”，修饰动词found，作状语。故答案为possibly。 【41题详解】 考查动词语态、主谓一致。句意：幸运的是，近年来人们采取了一些措施来拯救这种宏伟的生物，因此它们的数量正在上升。take steps“采取措施”。in recent years“近年来”，为现在完成时的标志词，且step和take之间是被动关系，用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为复数，助动词用have。故答案为have been taken。 【42题详解】 考查介词。句意：幸运的是，近年来人们采取了一些措施来拯救这种宏伟的生物，因此它们的数量正在上升。on the rise“在增长”为固定短语。故答案为on。 【43题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：动物园里也有相当多的西伯利亚虎，其中一些有望被重新引入野外。分析句子结构可知，本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Siberian tigers，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 【44题详解】 考查代词。句意：当然，它们需要学习如何捕猎和照顾它们自己，这说起来容易做起来难。结合句意和主语为they可知，本空表示“它们自己”，用反身代词themselves，作宾语。故答案为themselves。 【45题详解】 考查形容词。句意：目前，没有足够的未受破坏的森林来支持将许多西伯利亚虎重新引入野外。本空用形容词unspoiled/unspoilt“未受破坏的”，作定语，修饰forest。故答案为unspoiled或unspoilt。 第四部分 写作（共三节，满分40分） 第一节 句子翻译（满分10分） 完成下列句子的翻译，并将答案写在答题纸的对应区域上。 46. 像我一样，这个女人正在欣赏这里的风景。 Like me, this woman was here ________________________. 【答案】enjoying the scenery 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。“欣赏风景”译为动宾短语“enjoy the scenery”，结合句意“正在欣赏这里的风景”可知，enjoy用现在分词与前面的was构成过去进行时。故填enjoying the scenery。 47. 你介意我去参加这次会议吗？ Do you mind ________________________? 【答案】if I attend this meeting? 【解析】 【详解】考查状语从句。“我”为I；“参加这次会议”为attend this meeting；本句为if引导的条件状语从句，从句为一般现在时。故填if I attend this meeting? 48. 这次大火将这栋建筑彻底焚毁了，他对此负有部分责任。 The building was completely ________________________, and he was________________________ . 【答案】 ①. destroyed by the fire ②. responsible for it. 【解析】 【详解】考查语态和形容词。“被毁灭”为“be destroyed by ”；“对……负责任”为be responsible for。故填destroyed by the fire；responsible for it。 49. 作为运动员，郎平将荣耀带到她的国家。 As a player, Langping ________________________her country. 【答案】brought honor to 【解析】 【详解】考查短语。根据句意，句中“将荣耀带到”用短语bring honor to。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填brought honor to。 50. 我们下决心在下学期取得进步。 We________________in next semester. 【答案】are determined to make progress 【解析】 【详解】考查短语。根据句意，“下决心做某事”英文为be determined to do sth.；“取得进步”英文为make progress。陈述现在事实，用一般现在时。故填are determined to make progress。 第二节 看图写话（满分15分） 51. 仔细观察并简要描述图片。 注意： 1. 图中有一位老师和一名学生； 2. 可以从环境、人物动作、人物心理等方面进行描述，要求文字通顺、优美； 3. 不少于50词。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The teacher’s eyes, though hidden behind the stark lines of the drawing, seem to hold a mix of sternness and hope, as if silently saying, “Today, we shall see what you’ve learned.” The student, on the other hand, is a picture of trepidation, their mind likely racing with a whirlwind of facts and figures, hoping to recall the right answers. The pencil in the student’s hand is a lifeline, a tool to bridge the gap between their knowledge and the quiz that awaits. The teacher’s stance is one of readiness, a guardian of knowledge, waiting to see if the student has been a diligent seeker of truth. In this moment, the classroom is a battlefield of wits, where the student must draw upon their reserves of learning to face the quiz. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于图画作文。要求考生仔细观察图片并从环境、人物动作和心理方面描述图片。 详解】1.词汇积累 严格：sternness→ severity/strictness 恐惧：trepidation→ funk/anxiety 希望：hope→ wish 勤奋的：diligent→ hardworking 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：The student, on the other hand, is a picture of trepidation, their mind likely racing with a whirlwind of facts and figures, hoping to recall the right answers. 拓展句：The student, on the other hand, is a picture of trepidation, their mind likely racing with a whirlwind of facts and figures, while he is hoping to recall the right answers. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The pencil in the student’s hand is a lifeline, a tool to bridge the gap between their knowledge and the quiz that awaits.（运用了that引导的定语从句） 【高分句型2】The teacher’s stance is one of readiness, a guardian of knowledge, waiting to see if the student has been a diligent seeker of truth.（运用了if引导的宾语从句） 第三节 应用文写作（满分15分） 52. 你即将参加英语课上的“一分钟演讲”活动，请你针对部分同学经常跑步去食堂就餐的现象写一篇演讲稿，内容包括： （1）陈述看法； （2）提出建议。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题纸上作答。 Good morning, everyone! Today, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Good morning, everyone! Today, I'd like to address a common sight among us: the practice of running to the cafeteria during meal times. I believe we should consider the implications of this behavior. Firstly, running in crowded areas can be dangerous, potentially leading to accidents or injuries. It also might create an unwelcoming environment for those who prefer a more leisurely pace. Moreover, taking the time to walk allows us to engage with our peers, fostering a sense of community and allowing for meaningful interactions. Therefore, I suggest we all make a conscious effort to walk to the cafeteria. This small change can enhance safety and promote a more relaxed atmosphere. Thank you for your attention! 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。考生即将参加英语课上的“一分钟演讲”活动，请考生针对部分同学经常跑步去食堂就餐的现象写一篇演讲稿。 【详解】1.词汇积累 认为：believe→figure 导致：lead to→result in 培养：foster→cultivate 建议：suggest→recommend 2.句式拓展 同义句 原句：This small change can enhance safety and promote a more relaxed atmosphere. 拓展句：This small change can enhance safety , promoting a more relaxed atmosphere. 【点睛】[高分句型1] I believe we should consider the implications of this behavior. (运用了省略that的宾语从句) [高分句型2] It also might create an unwelcoming environment for those who prefer a more leisurely pace. (运用了who引导的定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 遂昌中学2027届高一年级第一学期期末测试 英语试题卷 本试卷分为第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)。第I卷1至8页，第II卷9至10页。 第I卷 注意事项： 1. 答第I卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卷上。 2. 选出每小题答案后，用铅笔将答题卷上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一个小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. When will the flowers come out probably? A. In February. B. In March. C. In May. 2. What is the weather like probably? A Sunny. B. Cloudy. C. Rainy. 3. Why does the man refuse to buy a new cellphone now? A. He’s waiting for the latest iPhone. B. He likes his old one very much. C. He is short of money. 4. How will the speakers go to the cinema? A. By taxi. B. By bus. C. By underground. 5. What time is it now? A. 8:45. B. 9:00. C. 9:15. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What will the girl eat tonight probably? A. Beef. B. Bread. C. Tomato. 7. How does the man feel about the girl? A. Worried. B. Proud. C. Annoyed. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8 What’s the relationship between the speakers? A. Workmates. B. Classmates. C. Shop assistant and customer. 9. Why does the man look different? A. He has lost some weight. B. He’s wearing a new coat. C. He’s wearing glasses. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. What can we know from the conversation? A. The woman got her ideas from a cook book. B. The man is probably a regular customer. C. The man has never been to the shop before. 11. What desserts does the man choose to buy? A. Lemon pie and strawberry cake. B. Strawberry cake and green tea cupcake. C. Green tea cupcake and lemon pie. 12. How much should the man pay in total? A. $3. B. $4. C. $7. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In an office. B. In a shop. C. In an apartment. 14. What did the man do in his last job? A. A car salesman. B. A clothing designer. C. An English teacher. 15. How does the man learn things about his new career? A. Through the Internet. B. From his friend. C. From college books. 16. What’s the man’s advice to the woman in the end? A. Deciding what she likes to do. B. Finding information about writing. C Being confident about herself. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. Where is Loch Ness? A. In Scotland. B. In England. C. In Northern Ireland. 18. What’s the most well-known theory about Nessie? A. It’s a survived dinosaur. B. It’s a genetically altered monster. C. It’s an undiscovered large fish. 19. What does the professor think of Nessie’s stories? A. It’s very convincing. B. It’s not true. C. It needs more proof. 20. What does the speaker mainly talk about? A. Scientists trying to uncover the Nessie mystery. B. How the stories of Nessie coming into being. C. A professor’s new discoveries about Nessie. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节 （共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并将答题卡上的相应选项涂黑。 A My favourite Books —Posted by Catherine Chung.a great writer Stories of Your Life and Others by Ted Chiang This collection contains several maths stories. The one I recommend is Division By Zero,about Jane Parkinson,a brilliant German mathematician.To her great despair,she ends up proving that mathematics is inconsistent and is able to prove that any two numbers are equal.A beautiful,thought-provoking(发人深省的)story about belief,understanding，and faith. The Housekeeper and the Professor by Yoko Ogawa It's about a woman who comes to work for a once-great mathematician.Due to a brain injury,he has only 80 minutes of short-term memory available to him before he forgets everything. It is filled with beautiful maths,simply and clearly described alongside finely drawn relationships between the characters. Too Much Happiness by Alice Munro Kovalevskaya was a 19th-century mathematician at a time when women were not allowed in most of Europe to attend university. She married a man who promised to take her to Germany to study. She made major contributions to the field and became the first woman in Russia to obtain a doctorate in mathematics. The Ore Miner's Wife by Karl Iagnemma It is about a miner who thinks he's discovered the proof to the problem: construct a square,equal in area to a given circle. His wife, not knowing what has suddenly taken his attention and his time, fears he is being unfaithful. A moving exploration of the joys of entering a problem whole and the desire and impossibility of truly knowing those we love. 1. What does"I"refer to in Paragraph 1? A. Catherine Chung. B. Ted Chiang. C. Jane Parkinson. D. Yoko Ogawa. 2. Which book is about a pioneering Russian woman mathematician? A. Stories of Your Life and Others. B. The Housekeeper and the Professor. C. Too Much Happiness. D. The Ore Miner's Wife. 3. What do the listed books have in common? A. They tell love stories. B. They involve mathematics. C. They explore human relationship. D. They reveal people's inner world. B Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it’s just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch. Unfortunately, banks’ lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult. After a bruising encounter with Congress, America’s Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement. Bob Herz, the FASB’s chairman, cried out against those who “question our motives.” Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls “the use of judgment by management.” European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did “not live in a political vacuum” but “in the real word” and that Europe could yet develop different rules. It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. The truth will not be known for years. But bank’s shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains. 4. Bankers complained that they were forced to do what? A. follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules B. collect payments from third parties C. cooperate with the price managers D. reevaluate some of their assets. 5. According to the author, the rule changes of the FASB may result in . A. the diminishing role of management B. the revival of the banking system C. the banks’ long-term asset losses D. the weakening of its independence 6. According to Paragraph 4 what is the attempt that McCreevy objects to the IASB’s? A. Keep away from political influences. B. Evade the pressure from their peers. C. Act on their own in rule-setting. D. Take gradual measures in reform. 7. What does the author think the banks were “on the wrong planet” ? A. Misinterpreted market price indicators B. Exaggerated the real value of their assets C. Neglected the likely existence of bad debts. D. Denied booking losses in their sale of assets. C Although the top men in smuggling business must work together, most of a syndicate’s small fry, especially the mules, know only their immediate contacts. If caught there is little they can give away. A mule probably will not even know the name of the person who gives him his instructions, nor how to get in touch with him. Usually he even does not know the person to whom he has to make delivery. He will be told just to sit tight in a certain hotel or bar until someone contacts him. In this way if he is blown, coming through airport customs he cannot unwittingly lead agents to the next link in the chain. All the persons at the receiving end do is to hang around the airport among the waiting crowd, and see that the mule comes through safely. If he does not, he is dimply written off as a loss. To make identification of mules easier, several syndicates have devised their own “club ties” so that a mule wearing one can immediately be picked out. Mules often receive careful training before embarking on their first journey. One Beirut organization, for example, uses a room with three airline seats in it. There the trainee mules sit for hours on end wearing weighted smuggling vests beneath their clothes, so that they become accustomed to standing up after a long flight in a natural way, and without revealing what they are carrying. An outfit in Brussels maintained a comfortable apartment where the mules could relax and get a firm grip on themselves on the night before their first journey; they were helped to dress before setting out for the airport in the morning. More often than not a courier will not know precisely where he is going or what flight number is until he is actually handed his tickets at the airport. This prevents the careless boast in some bar or to a girl friend the night before. Mules occasionally run off with the goods to keep the profit themselves. As insurance against this, a syndicate often sends a high-up on the same plane to keep a wary eye on couriers, particularly new ones. Even then things can go badly wrong. One international currency smuggler who was having trouble getting money out of Britain was offered help by a group of men who said they were in a position to “fix thing”— for a fee of course. Foolishly, the smuggler agreed to accept their help. 8. What is a “mule”? A. A person who sends smuggling goods for a syndicate is called mule. B. A person in charge of smuggling goods is called mule. C. A person who makes delivery for a syndicate is called mule. D. A person who receives instructions from a smuggler is called mule. 9. The sentence underlined in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to . A. if he is arrested. B. if he is recognized, but not necessarily arrested. C. if he is recognized and arrested. D. if he runs away. 10. Why does the author give an example in the last paragraph? A. To show how a smuggler is caught. B. To show a smuggler is afraid of the police. C. To show to keep a wary eye on couriers is useless. D. To show mules may keep the profit for themselves. 11. How does a mule work? A. Jointly. B. Independently. C. Consciously. D. Separately. D Imagining being asked to spend twelve or so years of your life in a society which consisted only of members of own sex. How would you react? Unless there was something definitely wrong with you, you wouldn’t be too happy about it, to say the least. It is all the more surprising therefore that so many parents in the world choose to impose such abnormal conditions on their children conditions which they themselves wouldn’t put up with for one minute! Any discussion of this topic is bound to question the aims of education. Stuffing children’s heads full of knowledge is far from being foremost among them. One of the chief aims of educations is to equip future citizens with all they require to take their place in adult society. Now adult society is made up of men and women, so how can a segregated school possibly offer the right sort of preparation for it? Anyone entering adult society after years of segregation can only be in for a shock. A co-educational school offers children nothing less than a true version of society in miniature. Boys and girls are given the opportunity to get to know each other, to learn to live together from their earliest years. They are put in a position where they can compare themselves with each other in terms of academic ability, athletic achievement and many of the extra-curricular activities which are part of school life. What a practical advantage it is(to give just a small example)to be able to put on a school play in which the male parts will be taken by boys and the female parts by girls! What nonsense co-education makes of the argument that boys are cleverer than girl or vice-versa. When segregated, boys and girls are made to feel that they are a race apart. Rivalry between the sexes is fostered. In a coeducational school, everything falls into its proper place. But perhaps the greatest contribution of co-education is the healthy attitude to life it encourages. Boys don’t grow up believing that women are mysterious creatures-airy goddesses, more like book-illustrations to a fairy-tale, than human beings. Girls don’t grow up imagining that men are romantic heroes. 12. What is the best title for this passage? A. Only co-education can be in harmony with society. B. People are in great need of co-education. C. Any form of education other than co-education is simply unthinkable. D. Co-education has many features. 13. What does co-education offer to children? A. A society. B. A true small model of society. C. A real life. D. A version of social condition. 14. According to the passage, what is one of the chief aims of education? A. It is for students to acquire knowledge. B. It is to equip future citizens with scientific technology. C. It is to equip future citizens with what is required in getting a position in society. D. It is for students to get academic achievements. 15. Why do boys and girls in co-education have no illusion about each other? A. They live together and know each other too well. B. Years of living together at school dismiss such illusion. C Co-education encourage them to have an healthy attitude toward life. D. They are familiar with each other’ s problems. 第二节 （共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution. Spencer argued that all worldly phenomena, including human societies, changed over time, advancing toward perfection.______16______. American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late 1800s. Morgan, along with Taylor, was one of the founders of modern anthropology. In his work, he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies.______17______. In the early 1900s in North America, German-born American anthropologist Franz Boas developed a new theory of culture known as historical particularism. Historical particularism, which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures, gave new direction to anthropology. ______18______. Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture. ______19______. Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology, largely through the influence of many students of Boas. But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism. Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few, especially gifted peoples that, according to diffusionists, then spread to other cultures. ______20______. A. Other anthropologists believed that cultural innovations, such as inventions, had a single origin and passed from society to society. This theory was known as diffusionism. B. In order to study particular cultures as completely as possible, Boas became skilled in linguistics, the study of languages, and in physical anthropology, the study of human biology and anatomy. C. He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the “survival of the fittest,” in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies. D. They also focused on important rituals that appeared to preserve a people’s social structure, such as initiation ceremonies that formally signify children’s entrance into adulthood. E. Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families, forms of marriage, categories of kinship, ownership of property, forms of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved. F. Supporters of the theory viewed as a collection of integrated parts that work together to keep a society functioning. G. For example, British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry incorrectly suggested, on the basis of inadequate information, that farming, pottery making, and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 In 1924 American’ National Research Council sent to engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting ___21___ workers productivity. Instead, the studies ended ___22___ giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect”, the extremely influential idea that the very ___23___ to being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior. The idea arose because of the ___24___ behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to ___25___ of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not ___26___ what was done in the experiment; ___27___ something was changed, and productivity rose. A(n) ___28___ that they were being experimented upon seemed to be ___29___ to alter workers’ behavior ____30____itself. After several decades, the same data were ____31____ to econometric the analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store ____32____ the descriptions on record, no systematic ____33____ was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to ____34____ interpretation of what happed. ____35____ , lighting was always changed on a Sunday. 21. A. affected B. achieved C. extracted D. restored 22. A. at B. up C. with D. off 23. A. truth B. sight C. act D. proof 24. A. controversial B. perplexing C. mischievous D. ambiguous 25. A. requirements B. explanations C. accounts D. assessments 26. A. conclude B. matter C. indicate D. things 27. A. as far as B. for fear that C. in case that D. as long as 28. A. awareness B. expectation C. sentiment D. illusion 29. A. suitable B. excessive C. enough D. abundant 30. A. about B. for C. on D. by 31. A. compared B. shown C. subjected D. conveyed 32. A. contrary to B. consistent with C. parallel with D. peculiar to 33. A. evidence B. guidance C. implication D. source 34. A. disputable B. enlightening C. reliable D. misleading 35. A. In contrast B. For example C. In consequence D. As usual 第II卷 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第二节 （共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式. One of the most endangered animals in the world is the Siberian tiger, _______36_______ (know) as the Northeast Tiger in China. There are less than 500 of these beautiful animals still living in the wild. The Siberian tiger is the largest of all tigers. _______37_______ adult male can grow up to 3.3 meters in _______38_______ (long) and weigh as much as 300 kilograms. Long ago, Siberian tigers were all over Northeast Asia and Russian Far East. _______39_______, today they are found mainly along the Chinese-Russian border and _______40_______ (possible) in North Korea. The main reason for their decrease in numbers is the disappearance of their natural habitat. Fortunately, steps _______41_______ (take) to save this magnificent creature in recent years and as a consequence numbers are _______42_______ the rise. There is also a fairly large population of Siberian tigers in zoos, some of _______43_______ are expected to be reintroduced to the wild. Of course, they would need to learn how to hunt and take care of _______44_______ (they), and this is easier said than done. Another big issue is the problem of space. At present, there just is not enough _______45_______ (spoil) forest available to support reintroducing many Siberian tigers into the wild. 第四部分 写作（共三节，满分40分） 第一节 句子翻译（满分10分） 完成下列句子的翻译，并将答案写在答题纸的对应区域上。 46. 像我一样，这个女人正在欣赏这里的风景。 Like me, this woman was here ________________________. 47. 你介意我去参加这次会议吗？ Do you mind ________________________? 48. 这次大火将这栋建筑彻底焚毁了，他对此负有部分责任。 The building was completely ________________________, and he was________________________ . 49. 作为运动员，郎平将荣耀带到她的国家。 As a player, Langping ________________________her country. 50. 我们下决心在下学期取得进步。 We________________in next semester. 第二节 看图写话（满分15分） 51. 仔细观察并简要描述图片。 注意： 1. 图中有一位老师和一名学生； 2. 可以从环境、人物动作、人物心理等方面进行描述，要求文字通顺、优美； 3. 不少于50词。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第三节 应用文写作（满分15分） 52. 你即将参加英语课上的“一分钟演讲”活动，请你针对部分同学经常跑步去食堂就餐的现象写一篇演讲稿，内容包括： （1）陈述看法； （2）提出建议。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题纸上作答。 Good morning, everyone! 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